Chapter I: Residential Water System

1
Residential Water System
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Water is a vital key for human survival. Water consumption should, then, be given time
to ponder since human activities deteriorates the purity of natural water source. In some rural
areas, there still exist sources of potable water, however, most of the urban places and
surrounding rural localities cannot be absolutely certain that water sources in their vicinity are
safe for human consumption.
With urbanization and industrialization, water consumption is bound to increase. Given
the fact that water is important, engineers have been responsible in providing a system that
would cater public demands and other necessities that the government has been given priority,
as I may say.
As far as water provision is concerned, and as part of the requirements in ME 165, the
purpose of this design is to make an analysis and to provide a water system to a typical residential
apartment that can be situated in any urban or rural zones. Since, it is assumed that the natural
water source in an urban or even in rural areas are not absolutely safe for drinking, an adequate
and sufficient water system should be provided to provide the consumers immediate needs.
The apartment to be designed with the residential water system consists of two storeys
with three rooms each, thus, having six rooms in total. The water tank is to be placed at the
rooftop to utilize gravitational force.

2
CHAPTER 2
CALCULATION OF WATER DEMAND
2.1 SITE OVERVIEW
The water system is designed for the residential apartment consisting of two storeys with
a total of six rooms, approximated lot area is to be 170 sq. meters and each room, considered as
a household, area is 56.67 sq. meters each.
Fig. 2.1
2.2 TYPICAL HOUSEHOLD SIZE
Referring to Figure 2.2, General Santos City has the household population of 528,011, and
number of households of 111,927. Dividing the first by the latter we will get the average
household size of 4.72. For the 10 barangays, the average household size is proximate to 5.
3
Source: National Statistics Office, 2007 Census of Population
Figure 2.2

Therefore, at the present it will be sensible to project a household size of about five (5) persons.
2.3 EFFECTIVE POPULATION
Thus, the effective number of consumers can be estimated to be,
Effective Population = 6 rooms X 5
Effective Population = 30 residents
2.4 WATER DEMAND PER PERSON
According to General Santos City Water District, 20 cubic meter per household per month
is the average water consumption of a five‐member family. This corresponds to about 35.22
gallons per day per person. Nonetheless, the Pump Handbook section 9.1 (Water Supply) said
that the consumption for domestic purposes is generally in the range of 50 to 60 gallons per day
per person. On the other hand, Water Supply by A. Twort Chapter 1 suggests about 39.6 to 50.6
gallons per day per person.
Consequently, it is reasonable to choose 40 gallons per day per person.
4
2.5 AVERAGE DAILY WATER CONSUMPTION
For the average daily water consumption of the consumers, QA
QA = Average Daily Water Use per Person X Effective Population
QA = 40 X 30 residents
QA = 1,200
2.6 POPULATION GROWTH FACTOR
From the publication, Water for the World, the design of water supply systems should
consider the likely population increase for certain years to provide sufficient water requirement
of the future consumers.
The National Statistical Coordination Board figures General Santos City to have an
Average Annual Population Growth Rate of 2.38% in 2007. Moreover, the water system is
intended to serve the community for about 25 years, so a population growth factor is
interpolated from Table 3 of the same source to have a value of 1.58. Thus, the average daily
household water consumption should conform to this,
QB = QA X 1.58
QB = 1,200 X 1.58
QB = 1,896
2.7 PEAKING/LOADING FACTOR
To provide for unusual water demands, many design engineers apply a 200 to 250 percent
load factor to the average hourly consumption that is determined from the average annual
consumption. This factor covers variations in water demand, uncertainties as to actual water
5
requirements, and for unusual peak demands whose magnitude cannot be accurately estimated
in advance.
Therefore, the average daily household water consumption is further adjusted,
QC = QB X 2
QC = 1,896 X 2
QC = 3,792
Alternatively, we can designate this as the total water flow in households for the entire
apartment, say QHOUSEHOLD, TOTAL,
QHOUSEHOLD, TOTAL = 3,792 gal/day
= 2.633 gal/min
= 0.005887 ft3/sec
2.8 MAXIMUM DAILY DEMAND PER HOUSEHOLD, MDDHOUSEHOLD
,
MDDHOUSEHOLD =
.
,
MDDHOUSEHOLD =
MDDHOUSEHOLD = 632

6
2.9 CALCULATION FOR LEAKAGES
According to American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AAWARF),
Residential Water Use Summary Publication (www.aquacraft.com), study shows that a majority
of houses are responsible for leakages at an average of 21.9 gallons per household per day. So
that for 6 housing units expected, we can say that an Average Daily Leakage ADDLEAKAGE will be,
ADDLEAKAGE = 6 households X 21.9
ADDLEAKAGE = 131.4
We will designate this as QLEAK,
QLEAK = 131.4
= 0.09125 gal
= 0.000204

2.11 TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY DEMAND, QMDD, TOTAL
The total maximum daily demand of the entire community is then calculated to be,
QMDD, TOTAL = QHOUSEHOLD, TOTAL + QLEAK
= 3,792 + 131.4
QMDD, TOTAL = 3,923.4
= 2.725
= 0.006085

7
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN OF WATER TANK

Before water reaches the consumer (after being distributed from the treatment plant), it
must be adequately and safely stored. The water distribution system should have storage so that
it is capable for basic domestic purposes and to accommodate the flows necessary for
emergencies such as fire‐fighting. Storage should meet peak flow requirements, equalize system
pressures, and provide emergency water supply. The water supply system must provide flows of
water sufficient in quantity to meet all points of demand in the distribution system.

3.1 WATER TANK TYPE
An elevated storage tank will be provided within the system to supply peak demand rates
and equalize system pressures. In general, elevated storage is more effective and economical
than ground storage because of the reduced pumping requirements, and the storage can also
serve as a source of emergency supply since system pressure requirements can still be met
temporarily when pumps are out of service.
Elevated storage can maintain adequate system pressures and flows during periods of
peak water demand.

3.2 WATER TANK PROFILE
Water tanks can be made of concrete or steel and can take various forms. The most
suitable form for concrete tanks is a cylinder with a flat bottom. Welded steel tanks may have a
hemispherical or dome shaped bottom. The shape planned is of cylindrical body, a conical top
covering with a small opening acting as an air vent and a hemispherical bottom which is to reduce
dead storage water amount. The material to be used for the tank is mild steel.

8
3.3 WATER TANK CAPACITY
The method of sizing the storage tank is presented as follows, as acquired from the U.S.
Air Force Technical Manual 5, Volume 4, Water Supply, Water Storage, Appendix B.
25 Percent of Total Daily Domestic Storage Requirements
QA = QMDD, TOTAL X 0.25
QA = 3,923.4 X 1 day X 0.25
QA = 980.85
QA = 131.4339
3.4 MINIMUM TANK DIMENSIONS
The tank that will be installed will have a cylindrical body with a flat top and rounded
bottom. From a tank supplier product catalogue, range of available tank heights is around 8 ft. to
80 ft. A mid‐range height of 10 ft. is assumed. So that the volume of the cylindrical body can be
expressed as,
.
And the volume of the hemispherical bottom would of course be,
The water level in the tank when full is at the point where the cylindrical body and the
conical covering meet, therefore, the volume of the conical part is not included in the calculation.
Hence, the total tank capacity is expressed as,

9
6
1.5
12
131.4339 1.5
Solving for the diameter D,
D = 4.3261 ft
D = 1.436 m
D = 1,436 mm
Surface Area Calculations (For Billing of Materials):
4.3261 6
81.5451

2 2
4.3261 4.3261
6
2 2
43.3411

10
2
2
4.3261
2
2
29.40
3.5 WATER TANK STRESS ANALYSIS
As one of the most used material for a water tank, and also suggested by wikipedia.org,
mild steel will be used. It (mild steel) has less than 0.15% carbon content and is available in the
market.

Material Mild Steel
Unit Weight 0.282
Yield Stress 27,000 psi
, usual factor of safety is 4
27,000

4
6,750
The designers chose the cylindrical body to be . thick, for the fact that the stress
established by the hydrostatic force is radial.

11
where = the maximum pressure inside the tank, psi
=
= tank diameter, ft
= cylindrical body thickness, ft

62.34 6

144
2.5975

2
2.5975 4.71

0.5
2
12
146.8107

The dimensions and material of the tank are proper since the maximum allowable stress
is greater than the actual maximum stress. Hence, the reservoir is safe from bursting pressure.
Since, the pressure or stress at the bottom of the tank is predictable to be larger than that
on the cylindrical body, it is reasonable to make the semi‐spherical bottom thicker than the body.
Accordingly, a . metal sheet is to be used.

12
CHAPTER 4
DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTION MAINS
The U.S. Air Force Technical Manual 5, Volume 5, suggests that mains should be located
along streets in order to provide short hydrant branches and service connections. Mains should
not be located under paved or heavily travelled areas and should be separated from other utilities
to ensure the safety of potable water supplies, and that maintenance of a utility will cause a
minimum of interference with other utilities.
4.1 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OUTLINE
The configuration of the distribution system is determined primarily by size and location
of water demand, street patterns, storage facility and topography. A gridiron pattern looped
feeder system is preferred that it has the hydraulic advantage of delivering water to any location
in more than one direction, instead of the branching system to avoid or minimize dead ends—
since dead ends in the distribution system are undesirable and should be avoided to the extent
possible. The looped system should be used for water distribution systems whenever practicable.
The water distribution system defined hereto will be composed basically of 2 loop feeders and
the main pipeline.
4.2 LOOPS
The water system will be designed consisting of 2 feeder pipeline loops. Each loop will
supply water to 3 (three) households and should also assure water flows on the hydrant
installations. The 2 loops configured are detailed as follows:
Loop 1: This circuit will supply water to housing units in the first storey with households
1, 2 and 3.
13
Loop 2: This circuit will supply water to housing units in the second storey with
households 4, 5 and 6.
4.3 REQUIRED WATER FLOW PER LOOP OF THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Water demand will then be determined based on the Maximum Daily Demand per
household calculated previously as, MDDHOUSEHOLD = 632 .
LOOP 1
Number of housing units: 3 units
For Loop 1, required flow QLOOP 1 will be,
QLOOP 1 = (MDDHOUSEHOLD + ADDLEAKAGE) X 3 households
QLOOP 1 = (632 + 21.9 ) X 3 households
QLOOP 1 = 1,961.7
QLOOP 1 = 1.363
QLOOP 1 = 0.00304
LOOP 2
Number of housing units: 3 units
For Loop 2, required flow QLOOP 2 will be,
QLOOP 2 = ( MDDHOUSEHOLD + ADDLEAKAGE ) X 3 households
14
QLOOP 2 = (632 + 21.9 ) X 3 households
QLOOP 2 = 1,961.7
QLOOP 2 = 1.363
QLOOP 2 = 0.00304
4.4 REQUIRED WATER FLOW ON THE MAIN FEEDER PIPELINE
So during days of normal usage—which implies days of average water use on domestic
purposes exclusive of emergency and fire demands— the total flow is calculated on the eleven
loops plus the daily demand on the church, saying it the other way as the flow required on the
main pipelines, QMAIN PIPELINE—would be,
QMAIN PIPELINE = QLOOP 1 + QLOOP 2
QMAIN PIPELINE = 1.363 + 1.363
QMAIN PIPELINE = 2.726
4.5 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM PIPELINE SUMMARY AND PIPE SIZING
As determined previously, we will assume flows QMAIN PIPELINE, QLOOP and QLOOP 2 to be
uniform on the main pipelines, loops 1 and 2 respectively.
4.6 PIPELINE MATERIAL
Commercially available galvanized iron (GI) pipes will be used in the system. The
properties of galvanized iron favouring its use are lightweight, high‐strength, and ability to yield
or deflect under loads, and the capability of bending without breaking.
15
4.7 PIPE DIAMETERS
From the Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations, Section 14.12, Water‐supply
and Storm‐water System Design, mentions that a typical allowable friction‐head loss for water‐
supply systems is 10 ft of water per 1000 ft (3.0 m per 304.8 m). So we first assume that a friction‐
head loss of 10 ft of water per 1000 ft of pipe is suitable for this system.
Consequently, we then assume that the pipe is sized by using the Hazen‐Williams
equation with the coefficient C = 100. Most water‐supply systems are designed with this equation
and this value of C.
From the same text, Fig. 10 shows a nomogram for solution of the Hazen‐Williams
equation for pipes flowing full. With the assumed friction‐head loss of 10 ft /1000 ft (3.0
m/304.8m) of pipe on the right‐hand scale, then projecting through the assumed Hazen‐Williams
coefficient C = 100, and extending this straight line until it intersects the pivot axis. Then on the
left‐hand scale, the known flow rates of the main pipelines and the three loops are projected to
the previously found intersection on the pivot axis. Notably, when the required pipe size falls
between two plotted sizes, the next larger size is used.
Therefore, the suggested inside diameter for the main feeder line is 5 inches, and 1 inch
for the distribution lines. However, from the publication Rural Water Supply, Volume 1, Design
Manual, the available inside diameter for GI pipes in the locale is up to 75 mm (2.95 in) only.
Therefore, the main feeder line will use the greatest diameter of GI pipes available that is 75 mm.
For the distribution lines, 25 mm (0.98 in) will be used.

PIPELINE FLOW RATE SUGGESTED PIPE SIZE
Q (Inside Diameter)
MAIN FEEDER LINE 2.726 75 mm (2.95 in)
LOOP 1 1.363 25 mm (0.98 in)
LOOP 2 1.363 25 mm (0.98 in)

16
4.8 MAIN FEEDER PIPELINE SUMMARY
The lines basically start from the elevated storage tank location until each distribution
pipeline loop. Pipes through segments AS’R’CBA are set with equal pipe sizes. From Rural Water
Supply, Volume 1, Design Manual, the largest nominal diameter for GI pipes which is 75 mm will
be used. Coefficient of friction, ks values for valves and fittings are from Twort’s Water Supply,
Table 12.2.
Therefore, the main pipeline is to be constructed with a length of 10ft. or 3.1m.
VALVES AND FITTINGS ON MAIN FEEDER LINE:
Coefficient of
Valve/ Fitting Type Friction, No. of occurrence/s
ks
75 mm 90° Elbow 1.5 2
75 mm Tee 0.4 4

4.9 DISTRIBUTION PIPELINE SUMMARY
From Rural Water Supply, Volume 1, Design Manual, the largest nominal diameter for GI
pipes which is 25 mm will be used.
LOOP 1 PIPELINE SUMMARY
Loop 1 will be composed of pipe segment AB.
STRAIGHT PIPES ON LOOP 1:
Galvanized Iron Pipes
25 mm (0.98 in.) Inside Diameter
Pipe Segment Pipe Length
AB 13.8 m (45 ft)
TOTAL LENGTH 13.8 m (45 ft)

17
VALVES AND FITTINGS ON LOOP 1:
Coefficient of
ks
25 mm Gate Valve 0.25 3

LOOP 2 PIPELINE SUMMARY
Loop 2 will be composed of pipe segment CD.
STRAIGHT PIPES ON LOOP 2:
Galvanized Iron Pipes
25 mm (0.98 in.) Inside Diameter
Pipe Segment Pipe Length
CD 13.8 m (45 ft)
TOTAL LENGTH 13.8 m (45 ft)

VALVES AND FITTINGS ON LOOP 2:
Coefficient of
ks
25 mm Gate Valve 0.25 3

18
CHAPTER 5
CALCULATION OF LINE FRICTION‐HEAD LOSSES
5.1 FRICTION‐HEAD LOSSES

For the calculation of the elevation of the tank, the prime head loss in the pipeline is well
thought‐out to ensure that all elements will be provided appropriately.
From Twort’s Table 12.2, the values of a constant ks in solving the head loss in fittings and
valves can be used. The formula for the head loss in the valves and fittings is,
For the head loss in the pipes, Hazen‐Williams equation will be used.
. .
.

In calculating head losses, the farthest point from the tank will be considered since it has
the greatest head loss, which is point D. Nonetheless, there is only one path to that point, the
path AB, thus, the head loss will be directly calculated for this path.
5.2 FRICTION‐HEAD LOSS CALCULATION FOR PATH CD
In calculating head losses for valves and fittings along the path, water velocity is first
calculated. The continuity equation is used, and Q is from Chapter 4 (QMAIN PIPELINE), which is 2.726
or 0.00609 . The diameter of the pipe is 75mm (2.95 in.).

19
0.00609

4
0.00609

2.95
12
4
.
This water velocity is acceptable since according to US Technical Manual, water
velocity V in the circuit need not go beyond 10 fps.
Since, V is already calculated, the coefficient of friction values (ks) will be tabulated
below and summed.
Coefficient of

Friction, Total
Valve/ Fitting Type No. of occurrence/s
ks
75 mm 90° Elbow 1.5 2 3
75 mm Tee 0.4 4 1.6
TOTAL 4.6

Now, for friction head losses for valves and fittings along path AS’R’,

2
4.6 0.1283

2 32.17
.
In calculation of head losses for pipes along path CD, its total length will be 45ft or
13.8m.
20
Now, for the friction head losses for pipes,
. .
0.42262
0.1283 .
2.95 .
0.42262 45
100 12

.
Thus, the total friction head loss for path CD is,

0.00117 0.000923

.

21
CHAPTER 6
CALCULATION OF WATER TANK ELEVATION
The tank elevation can be calculated using the Bernoulli’s theorem.
where = pressure on the water level in the tank, 0 psig
= water velocity in the tank, 0 fps for large tanks
= tank elevation, feet
= desired exit pressure of water in faucets, etc, 25 psig
= desired exit velocity of water in faucets, etc, 7 fps
= total headloss in the circuit, 0.00294 ft
0 0 25 144 7
0.00294
2 62.34 2 32.17
.

22
CHAPTER 7
SELECTION OF PUMP
In this chapter the selection of pump is discussed. The type of pump selected is a
submersible type since the pumping water level is close to 20m (65.62 ft) (Rural Water Supply,
Volume 1, Design Manual).
7.1 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
The submersible pump is a pump which has a hermetically sealed motor close‐coupled to
the pump body. The whole assembly is submerged in the fluid to be pumped. The advantage of
this type of pump is that it can provide a significant lifting force as it does not rely on external air
pressure to lift the fluid. The pump is installed just above the motor, and both of these
components are suspended in water. Submersible pumps use enclosed impellers and are easy to
install and maintain. These pumps run only on electric power and can be used for pumping water
from very deep and crooked wells. Moreover, they are unlikely to be struck by lightning and
require constant flow of water across the motor (Rural Water Supply, Volume 1, Design Manual).
Submersible pumps should strictly be termed ‘submersible‐motor’ pumps or ‘submersible
pumpsets’. The pump, driven by a submersible motor, is very similar to a pump driven by a
vertical spindle ‘dry’ motor, although some differences are given below. Submersible pumps
gained in popularity because they usually result in a cheaper installation than one using dry
motors. The disadvantages of having a submerged motor (out of the sight and hearing of any
attendant and less reliable than a dry motor when the submersible machine was first introduced)
have been largely overcome by improvements in the motor design, particularly in the insulation
and in the instrumentation used for monitoring pump performance. Properly chosen submersible
pumps have proved reliable in service over many years; submersible designs are now available
from specialist manufacturers for a very wide range of duties (Twort’s Water Supply).

23
7.2 CALCULATION OF TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD
In selecting pumps, total dynamic head must be calculated first as it determines what
pump is needed in the system.
In solving for the total dynamic head, the total static head must first be considered. The
formula for total static head is

where = total static head, feet
= total suction lift, feet
= water tank elevation relative to the design circuit, 58.51ft.
= head of the weight of the water (tank height), 6 feet

A total suction pipe length of 200 ft. will be used,

200

Therefore,

200 58.51 6
.

In calculating total dynamic head, the velocity of water flow must be solved. The diameter
of pipes used for suction and discharge are 50mm (1.969 in.) GI pipes.
The total maximum day demand is 0.00209 , thus, the water velocity will be,
,

0.00609

1.969
4 12
24
.

In calculating the total dynamic head, the head loss of the pipe circuit from the pump to
the water storage tank must be measured. The total length of the pipes to be used is 265 ft. The
valves and fittings tabulated below is based on Rural Water Supply, Volume 1, Design Manual,
Table 11.3.

Equivalent
Valve/ Fitting Type Length per No. of occurrence/s Total
Valve/Fitting
(m)
50 mm Strainer 6.10 1 6.10
50 mm 90° Elbow 1.62 3 4.86
50 mm Check Valve 4.27 1 4.27
50 mm Globe Valve 16.76 2 33.52
50 mm Foot Valve 2.74 1 2.74
TOTAL 51.49

Since the valves and fittings have equivalent lengths, this will be added to the total length
of pipes, thus,
265 51.49
316.49 ft
Therefore, the total friction head loss along pipes and valves in the circuit is given by,

0.1283 .
1.969 .
0.42262 316.49
100 12
.

25
Therefore, the total dynamic head, is,

264.51 0.0129
.

From the book Pumps and Blowers by Church, the formula for the fluid horsepower is,

where = fluid horsepower, hp
= delivered weight,
= , 62.34
= total dynamic head or discharge head, feet

,
0.326 62.34
.
20.33 264.523

550
.

26
From the book Pumps and Blowers by Church, the formula for the brake horsepower is

where = brake horsepower, hp
= fluid horsepower, hp
= overall pump efficiency

The typical overall pump efficiency ranges from 60% to 80%. Accordingly, in this design
70% will be used. That is,
9.78

0.70
.
The diagram shown above is from the Submersible Pumps Brochure of Grundfos A/S. With
the calculated total dynamic head 264.523 ft. (80.63 m) and the total pump volume discharge
capacity 1,173.36 (33.23 ), the intersection lies inside the graph. That point is within the
region of SP 30 pump.

27
CHAPTER 8
MISCELLANEOUS ACCESSORIES
In the water system design, there are various equipment used that are essential to the
safety of the main equipment such as the pump and other piping. In this chapter, these
accessories are enumerated and given brief description.
8.1 CU3
The CU3 control unit electronic motor starter for monitoring and protecting installations
with rated voltages of 200‐575 V, 50‐60 Hz, and a maximum power consumption of 400 A.
The CU3 monitors the following;
• System insulation resistance to earth before start
• Motor Temperature
• Motor current consumption and current unbalance
• Voltage Supply
• Phase sequence
Technical Data
Enclosure Class: IP 20
Ambient Temp.: ‐20 to +60
Relative Humidity: 99 %
Voltage Variation: ‐25/+25% of nominal voltage
Frequency: 45 to 65 Hz
28
Maximum back up Fuse: 10 A
Relay Output: Max. 415 V, 3 A, AC 1
Approvals: the CU3 complies with: VDE, DEMKO,EN, UL and CSA.
Marking: CE
8.2 R100 REMOTE CONTROL
Wireless infra‐red remote control by means of the R100. This function enables the user
to change factory settings and to monitor the installation by calling up actual operating data, e.g.
current consumption, supply voltage and operating hours.
8.3 EXTERNAL SENSORS SM100
Reception Of data from External sensors by means of an SM100 sensor module and
control according to data received, e.g. flow rate, pressure, water level and conductivity.
8.4 MTP 75 MOTOR PROTECTION
The MTP 75 protects against too high motor temperature. This is the cheapest way of
ensuring long motor life. The costumer is certain that operating conditions are observed and is
given indication of the time when a service check is to be made.
Technical Data
Supply Voltage: 2 variants:
1x200‐400 V±10%, 50/60 Hz
3x380‐415 V±10%, 50/60 Hz
29
A transformer is required for voltages over 415 volts
Control Voltage: contact load:
Maximum 415 V/3A
Minimum 12V/20 mA
Enclosure: IP 20
Operating Conditions:
Minimum Temperature ‐20 degree Celsius
Maximum temperature +60 degree Celsius
Relative Humidity: 99%
Storage: Minimum Temperature ‐20 degree Celsius
Maximum temperature +60 degree Celsius
8.5 WATER TREATMENT
Most common type of water quality problems of ground water sources is the excessive
amount of iron and manganese of raw water. According to Table 10.1 Treatment Options or RWS
Design Manual, Aeration Method is suited to ground water contaminated of Iron, manganese
and Hydrogen sulfide. The diffusers or the use and employing baffles in the tank to lengthen the
travel of water. This would make the water be more exposed to air, and by reaction removing
iron from it.
Also, strainer is installed in pumping water level thus preventing water contamination.

30
8.6 CONTROLS
This involves valves/fittings for control of transmission and distribution mains.
Valves/Fittings Uses Type
Isolation Valve Can be manually closed to Gate Valves

block the flow of water;
primary purpose of these
valves is to provide means of
turning off a portion of the
system and employed
throughout the network
Directional Valve Used to ensure that water Check Valve

can flow only in the direction
(Check Valve) through a pipeline; installed
in the pipeline through the
tank
Fittings To correct the same type and Union; Couplings
size of pipe
Reducers To connect two pipes of Tee Reducers

different size
Caps, plugs, and blind To stop the flow
flanges

31
Chapter 9
BILLING OF MATERIALS
In this chapter, the materials and equipment used are tabulated, with their unit prices
and respective quantities.
Description Unit Price (Php) Quantity Total
10’ 75mm GI pipe 1,250 1 1,250
45’ 25mm GI pipe 3,375 2 6,750
75mm GI Tee 500 1 500
75mm x 25mm GI 400 1 400

Tee (reducer)
75mm 90° Elbow 300 1 300
25mm Gate Valve 400 6 2,400
Grundfos SP 30 200,000 1 200,000

Pump
Miscellaneous 25,000
Accessories
TOTAL 236,600

32
Chapter 10
FIGURES
Selected Apartment for Designing Water System
The Apartment Installed with Water System
33
Left: The tank with a D= 4.326 ft. and H= 10ft
Right: Water Receiver for Overflow Pipe (Red) and Maintenance Pipe (Green)
Blue: Discharge Pipe (To Consumers); Yellow: Suction Pipe (From Water Source)
34
Pipelines to Each Apartment Room
The Water Pump: SP 30 Pump

35
References
Published Materials:
• Pump Handbook, Third Edition by Igor Karassik
• Mark's Standard Handbook For Mechanical Engineers by Avallone and Baumeister
• Water for the World Publication
• Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations
o Water‐Supply and Stormwater System Design
o Handbook of Mechanical Engineering Calculations: Plumbing and Drainage for
Buildings and Other Structures
• The Practical Pumping Handbook by Brian Nesbitt

Internet Publications:
• Article 302 ‐ Submersible Pump Sizing ‐ Large Wells by California Groundwater
Association (www.groundh2o.org)
• Tech Brief: Reservoirs, Towers, and Tanks ‐ Drinking Water Storage Facilities by Vipin
Bhardwaj (www.ndwc.wvu.edu)
• Goulds Pumps Product Catalog – Submersible Turbine Pumps by Goulds Pumps
Corporation (www.goulds.com)
• Submersible Well Pumps for Drinking Water Wells (www.inspect‐ny.com/water)
• Florida Administrative Code: Finished‐Drinking‐Water Storage Capacity
• Project Water Supply: Water Demands – Appendix A (www.madera‐county.com)
• Army Engineering Publications: Technical Manuals (www.usace.army.mil)
o Water Supply Sources And General Considerations
o Water Supply, Water Distribution
o Water Supply, Water Storage
o Water Supply‐ Pumping Stations
36
• Residential Water Use Summary by AWWARF Residential End Uses of Water Study
(www.aquacraft.com)
• National Statistical Coordination Board (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru12)
• Design Guidelines for First Nations Water Works (http://www.ainc‐inac.gc.ca/H2O)
• Domestic Water Heating and Water Heater Energy Consumption in Canada by C. Aguilar,
D.J. White, and David L. Ryan (www.ualberta.ca)
• Approving the Common Definition of Terms Relative to Water Supply, Sewerage and
Sanitation by the National Economic Development Agency Board
• http://www.epcor.ca
• www.koronadal.gov.ph

Chapter I: Residential Water System

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Copyright:

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Chapter I: Residential Water System

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1

Residential Water System

= 3,792 + 131.4

QMDD, TOTAL = 3,923.4

= 2.725

= 0.006085

QLOOP 1 = (632 + 21.9 ) X 3 households

QLOOP 2 = (632 + 21.9 ) X 3 households

MAIN FEEDER LINE 2.726 75 mm (2.95 in)

LOOP 1 1.363 25 mm (0.98 in)

LOOP 2 1.363 25 mm (0.98 in)

capacity 1,173.36 (33.23 ), the intersection lies inside the graph. That point is within the

Valves/Fittings Uses Type

Isolation Valve Can be manually closed to Gate Valves

Directional Valve Used to ensure that water Check Valve

Reducers To connect two pipes of Tee Reducers

Description Unit Price (Php) Quantity Total

10’ 75mm GI pipe 1,250 1 1,250

45’ 25mm GI pipe 3,375 2 6,750

75mm GI Tee 500 1 500

75mm x 25mm GI 400 1 400

75mm 90° Elbow 300 1 300

25mm Gate Valve 400 6 2,400

Grundfos SP 30 200,000 1 200,000

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