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Penjelasan Rating Power Generator Set PDF
Penjelasan Rating Power Generator Set PDF
The ISO 8528-1:2013 standard The ISO standard describes four ratings:
■ ESP (Emergency Standby Power)
defines various classifications for the
■ PRP (Prime Rated Power)
application, rating and performance
■ LTP (Limited-Time Power)
of alternating current (a.c.) generating
■ COP (Continuous Operating Power)
sets consisting of reciprocating
internal combustion (RIC) engines.
This paper is intended to clarify the ISO 8528
The classifications put forth in ISO ratings definitions and provide some examples
8528-1:2005 are intended to help align where the various ratings are applicable. In
the generator set manufacturer and addition, the paper will address some common
misunderstandings that arise when trying to
customer by providing customers a understand ratings.
common basis on which to compare
generator set ratings from different
manufacturers. It is important to note
that generator set manufacturers
may establish product ratings that go
above and beyond the requirements
prescribed in the standard.
ESP: Emergency Standby Power
The ESP rating, commonly referred to as the “Standby” FIGURE 1: ESP (EMERGENCY STANDBY POWER)
rating, is applicable where power is supplied by For supplying emergency power for
generator set(s) for the duration of a power interruption the duration of a utility power failure
by a primary power source or for generator set
testing purposes. The ISO 8528-1 standard defines
Not to exceed 200 hours/year
standby power as the maximum power available from Average load factor of 70% of the
the generator set to energize a variable electric load standby rating over a period of 24 hours
profile, where it has been determined that the total No negotiated outage operations
annual runtime doesn’t exceed 200 hours of operation.
In addition, the average load factor over a 24 hour
period shall not exceed 70 percent of ESP unless power % Emergency Standby Rating
otherwise approved by the generator set manufacturer 100 100%
(Figure 1).
75 permissible 24 hour average (Ppp)
70%
Then Figure 1 shows how to calculate the average load, actual 24 hour
Ppa. Note that when calculating the average power of average (Ppa)
50
a variable load profile, powers which are less than 30
percent of the ESP rating should be considered to be
equal to 30 percent and time at which the generator set 25
ESP generator set at a healthcare facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.
PRP: Prime Rated Power
The PRP rating, commonly referred to as “prime” FIGURE 2: PRP (PRIME RATED POWER)
is applicable when supplying electric power using Unlimited number of hours per year
generator sets in lieu of or in addition to commercially (8760 hour/year less service)
purchased power. ISO 8528-1 defines prime power as
Variable load
the maximum power which a generator set is capable
of providing a variable electrical load sequence for an Not to exceed 70% average of the prime rating
unlimited number of hours per year. In addition, the during any operating period of 24 hours
maximum average load factor over a 24 hour period 10% overload capability is available in accordance
shall not exceed 70 percent of PRP unless otherwise with ISO 3046, AS 2789, DIN 6271 and BS 5514
approved by the generator set manufacturer.
power % Prime Rated Power
The formula shows how to calculate the average load, 100
100%
Key
t = time
P = power
d = stop
––– Prime Rated Power (100%)
––– permissible average power during a 24 hour period (Ppp)
––– actual average power over a 24 hour period (Ppa )
3MVA PRP power station commissioned in an Iraqi oil field camp by a The actual average power (Ppa ) is calculated as follows:
Cummins Power Generation distributor
n
P t + P2 t2 + P3 t3 + ... Pn tn ∑ i=1 Pi ti
Ppa = 1 1 = n
t1 + t2 + t3 + ... + tn ∑ i=1 ti
where P1, P2 ... Pi is the power at time t1, t2 ... ti.
time
t1 t1
1 year
t1 : shutdown for maintenance
Key
t = time
P = power
––– Limited-Time Power running (100%)
time
t1 t1
1 year
t1 : shutdown for maintenance
Key
t = time
P = power
––– Continuous Operating Power (100%)
1500
10 percent overload power can’t exceed 25 hours
per year. This allowance is in accordance to the
Full Rating
Full Rating
Full Rating
Full Rating
Full Rating
1000
500
ISO 3046‑1 standard, a performance standard for
reciprocating internal combustion engines.
0
ESP DCC PRP LTP COP
200 hrs/yr 500 hrs/yr
details can be found on the EPA website: Required Standby, and Optional Standby systems. For
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-engines. example, consider an application with a generator set
at a remote facility with no access to a utility source
The ISO 8528-1 generator set ratings are sometimes of power and variable load profile. The site power
incorrectly associated with U.S EPA Emissions distribution system may comprise of a mix of emergency,
designations. The emissions category is determined legally required standby, and optional standby circuits
by actual product use and engine horsepower and as defined by the NEC. This application would be an
not electrical rating of the generator set. For example, excellent candidate for an unlimited time prime rating.
About the author
Munir Kaderbhai has been with Cummins of hybrid power generation systems integrated for telecom
Power Systems since 2010 as an application and micro-grid applications. Kaderbhai is actively engaged
engineer. His primary focus is assisting clients in the Cummins Power Systems’ Power Seminar program
and distributors with technical guidance on as an instructor in technical seminars and webinars, and
application-specific issues concerning standard he also provides technical training content to support
commercial products and unique projects. In distribution teams in the North American market.
addition, he also supports the design and analysis
Conclusion References
There are many factors that must be carefully considered ■ ISO8528-1:2005 Reciprocating internal combustion
when determining the appropriate generator set rating, engine driven alternating current generating sets –
including the hourly runtime requirements, the load Part 1: Application, ratings and performance
profile, and the generator set’s intended application. ■ ReciprocatingInternal Combustion Engines –
Special attention needs to be paid to the generator set Performance – Part 1: Declarations of Power,
hourly runtime requirements, the load profile and the Fuel and Lubricating Oil Consumptions, and Test
type of application the generator set will be utilized in. Methods – Additional Requirements for Engines for
Operating a generator set in a manner that violates the General Use – Fifth Edition
usage terms for the purchased rating stipulated by the ■ NFPA 70® National Electrical Code® 2014 Edition
generator set manufacturer may result in a less reliable
■ Title
40, Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR),
system. It may also have ramifications on whether or
2016
not a manufacturer will honor the terms of a service
■ Cummins Power Systems T-030 Liquid Cooled
contract and/or product warranties in case something
Generator Set Application Manual, Issue 9, 2015
goes wrong. To determine the correct rating for the
generator set, consult with an authorized generator set
manufacturer’s representative.