CARPENTRY AND MASONRY • artificial stone – Concrete

BLESSING NOTES • most widely used masonry materials – Hollow blocks

• manufactured from clay – Bricks
• Carpentry – referring to technology and science of cutting, fitting, and
• conglomerated mass – Aggregates
assembling
• aggregate components of a total mass of concrete – 90% (exact
• thumb – used as guide
composition is 95%)
• working with piece of materials as in sawing, boring, filing and planing,
• 1: 3: 6 – class C concrete mixture
always use – Clamps
• hand mixing ½ kg of water + 1 kg of cement + 2 kg of sand + 2.5 – 3 kg
• marking the thickness – marking gauge
of gravel
• squareness – Try square
• vertical – Plumb bob
• Angles – Sliding T bevel
• classifications of masonry tools – none of the above (2 only, Roughing
• Carpentry – referring to technology and science of cutting, fitting, and
Up and Surface Finishing Tools)
assembling
• finishing a surface – Float
• thumb – used as guide
• fine textured concrete plaster – Rubber foam
• working with piece of materials as in sawing, boring, filing and planing,
• Economy – NOT to be considered in proportioning concrete mixture
always use – Clamps
• commonly used in small and large construction – Portland cement
• marking the thickness – marking gauge
• practices in mixing cement EXCEPT, Add plenty of water
• squareness – Try square
• purpose of footing in masonry, It prevents the foundation from sinking
• Angles – Sliding T bevel
• Has long period of curing time – Pozzolan
• hardwood – 6-12 %
• smallest division of the metric scale – millimeter
• Softwood – 20 %
• one inch to centimeters – 2.54
• angle used in sawing soft and thin wood – 30-45 degrees
• best to use – Kiln dried
• Seasoning - process of drying the lumber
• caliper – cylindrical object
• Sawing – preparation of wood for commercial purposes
• Fastening materials – nails
• common plywood is 4 x 8 feet
• Plywood – three or more veneer slice
• provides greater holding power than nails – screw
• strongest form – mortise and tenon
• process of smoothening using sand paper – Sanding
• sanding – done before the application of finishing materials
• constructing tables and chairs – Mortise and Tenon
• S4S – four of its sides are smooth or planed
• CHB – bound together by a material called mortar
• splicing or joining of wood using two side blocks – Fishing
• simplest – Butt joint
• major horizontal support – Header
• series of triangles – Truss
• 60 degrees –tooth of a cross cut saw
• solid color instead of a wood pattern – Opaque finishes
• oldest and most commonly used building material – Wood
• conifers – Soft wood
• binding agent – Cement
• rough – cutting marks are visible
• put through planking machine – dressed
• been dresses and matched, ship lapped, or patterned – worked
• plank of wood that has been roughly cut – Lumber
• Flat-grain – parallel to the face
• Edge-grain – 90 degrees to the face
• art of building with stone, bricks, concrete – Masonry
• you hold on to – Handrail
• part do you step on – Tread (minsan READ ang kalagay sa option)
• Door hinge – door swing when you close and open it
• standard height of the riser – 6-8 inches
• protective equipment, EXCEPT – ear muffs
• Helmet – protects the carpenter from falling objects
• protects the carpenter from falling – Belt and harness
• compress baked clay – Bricks
• closely together – Close-grain
• do not run parallel to the board – Cross-grain
• picture frame – Miter joint
• shelves of a bookcase – Dado joint
• end of one member inserted to hole of the other member – Mortise and
Tenon joint
• Lap joint – one side over the other
• Butt joint – one end over the other
• rigid and durable – Mortise and Tenon joint
• 45 degrees angle – Miter joint
• protects the room occupants – Rabbet joint
• middle of a bench – Bridle joint
• English system – inch
• Metric system – meter
• measure long distances – Pull-push rule
• mark very rough objects – Chalk line
• vertical line – Plum bob
• fasten and remove nails – Claw hammer
• smoothen wood surfaces – Plane
• smooth finish of concrete after floating – Concrete trowel
• cut brick, block, or stone – Mason's hammer
• repair mortar joints – Pointing trowel
• and move mortar – Brick trowel
• mix concrete – Shovel
• lays bricks – Hawk
• flat with handle at the back usually made of wood – Float
• shaping and forming concrete edges – Edger
• mix concrete for column and slab – 1 : 1 1/2 : 3
• class B mixture – 1 : 2 1/2 : 5
• mix concrete for a slab in the ground – 1 : 2 : 4
• mix concrete for hollow block filler – 1 : 3 : 6
• can be molded without segregation – Plasticity
• degree of wetness or slump – Consistency
• results from mixing cement, sand, and water – Mortar
• results from mixing cement and water – Grout
• process of finishing using mortar – Plastering
• Start laying ceramic tiles – Center
• Start laying concrete hollow blocks – Left
• mix mortar for plastering – cement and sand
• toilet and bathroom flooring – Non-skid granite tiles
• Bricks longer side is exposed to view – Stretcher
• regulate the strength of concrete, EXCEPT , Dropping concrete mixture
from high elevation
• 1:2:4 – Class A
• set-up the lateral level of a concrete fence – Spirit level
• coarse aggregates – Gravel
• process of hardening of concrete – Curing
• widely used in small and large construction including roads and
highways – Portland cement
• added to the batch immediately before or during its mixing – Admixture
• the structural reinforcing member – Stirrups
• structure that holds the poured concrete – Forms
• days shall concrete be maintained above 10 °C temperature – 7 days
• 4" x 8" x 16" concrete hollow blocks – 55 to 60 pcs
BUSINESS MATH
BLESSING NOTES
• Statement cash flows, the information concerning the cash inflows and
outflows
• Closing entries are made, in order to transfer net income/loss and
owner's drawings to the owner's capital account
• Trade companies – business to receive goods and services before paying
• example of external finance – Bank loan
• Capital gain – shareholder sells his shares for more than he paid
• point at which the level of sales of a business exactly equals its costs –
Break-even point
• Current Assets-Current Liabilities – Working capital
• does not appear in a Balance Sheet – Depreciation Expense
• Net Income or Profit results from, revenues exceeding expenses
• Assets are normally recorded at – cost
• Requires 15 months of payment – Long-term liability
• Best applies to current asset – Accounts receivable
• Non-current assets – Properties and equipment
• Received in exchange for delivery of goods – Income
• Decreases in Owner’s equity – Expenses
• Resources owned – Assets
• Acquired assets through obligations – Liability
• Business owned will be due not to exceed a year – Current Asset
• Requires prompt payment – Current Liability
COSMETOLOGY
BLESSING NOTES
• foundation serves as make-up base – cream
• best shear to use for thinning bulky hair – thinning shear
• process of thinning, tapering and shortening – hair cutting
• color to the cheeks – Rogue (also called blush)
• To correct misshaped eyebrows – eyebrow pencil
• makes eyelashes wavy – curl lash
• makes small eyes appear bigger, adding lines on the eyelids
• emery board is used to shape – free edge • implements – cuticle pusher, nail brush, cuticle nipper, nail file and
• orange wood stick is used to – remove excess nail polish around the orange wood stick
nails • cosmetics – top coat, base coat, assorted colored polish and cuticle
• ability of the hair to absorb moisture – hair porosity remover
• Foot cosmetics with tiny particles – foot scrub • equipment – manicure pillow, chair, and finger bowl
• best way of shaping the eyebrow with the use of shave – Depilation • correct way to use cuticle nail file, The dull spade side is used to push
• heavy make-up – evening affair back and loosen the cuticles.
• first cosmetic applied on nail – base coat • nail to grow out straight – square nail
• dividing the hair – Sectioning • massage applied before – base coat
• darker shade of eye color – Lighter • last step in manicuring/pedicuring – apply top coat
• lips are broad – use lip liner at the outer portions of the lips • imaginative and artistic process – nail art
• nail is composed – Keratin • Expert – nail technician
• Customer A is complaining, Ask for an apology, maintain • Protein in nail – Keratin
professionalism and ask what she wants. • Nail extenders – artificial nail
• first thing the pedicurist should do, Ask the customer what she wants for • Decorative / painting – nail tatoo
her toenails like the shape, color, etc. • statement is CORRECT, Adult fingernails grow at an average rate of 1/8
• NOT desirable quality for effective client relation, discussing personal inch a month
life • technical term of nail – Onyx
• statement is NOT true, Salon owners and managers do not consider • Nail diseases – Onychosis
appearance, personality and poise to be as important as technical knowledge • Study of nail – Onychology
and manual skills. • hand-held tools used in manicure – Implements
• guidelines for good human relations and professional attitude, EXCEPT • light, continuous stroking movement – effleurage
one, Make a good impression by wearing obtrusive jewelry to look at your best. • Massage with pressure – petrissage
• public teacher – Business attire • Continuous stroke that create heat – friction
• make-up of public teacher – Light make-up • not good to apply massage when a person, high blood pressure and heart
• a neatly finished up style – Chignon condition
• Long hair – Laced-up and Elegant • shaping the nails, what comes first, Discuss with the client the nail shape
• makeup in wedding – Photographic best suited for him/her. File the nails at the left hand starting with the little
• short nails – Round nail finger and working towards the thumb.
• exposed to the sunlight – SPF lotion
• drinks can take to hydrate – plain water
• color testing of a foundation – jawline
• aids in maintaining face – face cleansers
• moisturize the face – face cream
• first step in giving facial – apply cleansing cream
• NOT a concern in analyzing the client's skin – shape of the face
• NOT beneficial for facial treatments – weakening muscle tissue
• common skin disorder - whiteheads
• recommended for dry, scaly skin, or skin that is inclined to wrinkles –
hot oil mask facial
• role of the cosmetologist, Work closely with the client's physician to
carry out instructions as to the kind and frequency of facial treatments.
• treatment for acne, EXCEPT – Apply moisturizer
• used to set the foundation – powder
• backdrop for entire make-up – foundation
• highlight is produced when, a lighter shade than the original one is
applied to a particular part of the face
• in giving facial manipulations to induce relaxation – tempo
• has some obvious abrasions on her scalp – Advise the client of her scalp
condition and reschedule her appointment
• cause of gray hairs at this early age – has defects in pigment formation
occurring at birth
• arranging the hair with attractive shapes and styles – Hairstyling
• Who is an albino, an absence of coloring matter in the hair shaft, which
is accompanied by no marked of pigment coloring in the skin or irises of the
eyes
• holds the shears at an angle to the hair strand other than 90 degrees –
beveled cut
• safety measures in haircutting is NOT true, Cut past the second knuckle
when cutting on the inside of the hand
• partially wet and partially dry – Uneven
• texturizing performed most effectively, On dry hair styled the way it will
typically be worn
• myths about hair growth, EXCEPT, Normal, healthy hair grows and
sheds each follicle repeatedly cycles through three stages
• graduated effect – taped haircutting
• art of creating curls or weaving – Hair setting
• to increase the circulation of the blood to the scalp – Scalp manipulation
• remove tangles before hairstyling – Nape of the neck
• strands of hair an average person shed per day – 40-100
• Hair is distributed all over the body, EXCEPT – Soles of the feet
• Assessing personal need of client – Consultation
• Manicure – hands and fingernails
• Ideal nail contour – Oval shaped
• Fits most fingers and toes – almond shape
• Lies underneath most of nail – nail bed
• Half moon like – lunula
• First step in manicure/pedicure – cleaning
• Loosen cuticle – push in one direction
• Use to loosen cuticle – cuticle pusher
• Functions of top coat – protect enamel from chipping
• Small nail – round shape
• Do not shake bottle – air bubbles
• Prevent multiplication of micro-organism – disinfectant
• Ordinary occasions, work or going church – day make-up / light make-
up
• Facial with normal skin – about a month / once a month
• Oily skin type – skin toner
• Hair structure above the skin – hair shaft
• Hair structure beneath the skin surface – hair root
• Haircut by analyzing – face shape
• Effective client relationship – good manners and emotional balance
• Long and casual hairstyle – rollers with large circumference
• Cutting straight across without thinning – layered cut
• Tweeze eyebrow – upward
• Tools and equipment be sanitized – before use
DRAFTING
BLESSING NOTES
• Isometric – 3 dimensional, 30 degrees, 30 x 60 degrees
• Orthographic – 3 view, exact shape, actual observation, planes of
projection
• Geometric Construction – accurate shape / angles / line
• Pictorial – can be seen by naked eye
• Perspective – most realistic, visual observation
• Glass box technique – extract
• Architectural delineation – detailed dimension
• Drafting – systematic representation
• Oblique – one side is parallel to another, 45 degrees
• Cavalier – actual or same measurement
• Cabinet reduce to ½
• General – reduce to ¼
• Subtitle – 3/16 inch
• Good height of lettering 1/8
• Dimension line – ¼ (dimensioning)
• Extension line – 1/16 to 1/8 (dimensioning)
• Drafting – systematic representation
• Drawing – international language
• Mechanical – with instruments
• Freehand – paper and pencil
• medium of communication between designers and clients – Drafting
• orthographic projection can be seen in an object including its
unnecessary views, 6 views
• horizontal lines – T-Square
• Vertical lines – triangles
• angle or an arc – Protractor
• Sketches – ruler
• Meter stick - height
• Arc and circle – Compass
• Divider – dividing lines
• French curve – curves except circles and arcs
• Scale – reproduce, reduce or enlarge
• Protect rest of drawing, erasing shield
• Make pencil point sharp, pencil sharpener
• Indicate measurement – dimension line
• Center line – circle dimension, diamete
• Dark solid line, show visible edges – visible line
• Composed of dashes, show invisible edges – hidden line
• Has been cut away – long break line
• Cutting plane cut through – section line
• Gradual darkening – shading
• Never letter without Guidelines
• Most important part – Lettering
• English – inch
• Grade for lettering – HB • Boxing method – isometric (for clarification, ito po yung tama, hindi po
• I inch = 2.54 centimeters oblique J)
• 1 ft = 12 inches • After 2-dimensional drawing are done, next step is – Dimensioning
• 1 yard = 36 inches • Imaginary cut – Sectioning
• 1 yard = 3 ft • Manual drafting – lettering by hand
• 1 meter = 36 inches • Dimensiouns – Tolerancing
• Caliper – cylindrical objects • Single-stroke letters – free and natural fashion
• Like sketching – freehand • Lines at end of every letter except O in Roman letters – Serifs
• Emphasis – pleasing to the eye • Lettering box – tools made of plastic or aluminum for lettering
• Proportion – relation to one another • 3rd angle projection, Right side view, Left side view, and bottom side
• CAD – Computer Aided Designing view
• NOT accepted type of dimension, None of the options • Additional plane of projection – Frontal plane
• Create depth, add light and shadow • Superfluous dimensioning – repetition
• If all letters spaced equally, used up too much space • Section to be detailed – assembly of parts
• drawing pencil is better than an ordinary writing pencil except, There are • Approach – Dual dimensioning system
different kinds of drawing pencils for specific work • Size of reinforcement bars – Top view, Front view, Side view, and
• good to follow when making lettering except, When using lower case Isometric
letter only two horizontal guidelines are used • Parallel line – Lines of sight
• center of holes – Center lines • Commonly used in TLE drafting – Roman
• increases in the enrollment of first year high school students this school
year, bar graph
• horizontal lines – It is drawn from left to right ELECTRICITY & ELECTRONICS
• one-point perspective, All horizontal line point towards the one BLESSING NOTES
vanishing point • 2 voltage connected in Parallel and reconnected in series gives less light
• orthographic projection it contains – 3 views • Circuit breaker – device automatically breaks due to overload
• zero point of a line graph – origin • Facilitate pulling – pull box
• percentage comparison – Pie graph • Electrical metallic tubing – resistant coating for protection of wires
• descriptions of tangent lines except, The point of intersection is the • Junction box – termination and connection
radius. • Breaker switch – for electric shock
• Symbols – schematic diagram • Location plan, not included in electrical plans for residential house
• Wiring – physical appearance • Surface type – beyond wall surface
• Block diagram – linear appearance • Flush type – within the wall
• Load – convert electrical energy into other form of energy • Generator – mechanical
• Circuit – whole path • Battery – chemical
• Source – AC or DC • Transformer – magnetism
• Control – on/off; switch • Heat to electric energy – thermocouple
• Measure resistance, ohmmeter • 1st and 2nd band – significant digits
• Measure current, ammeter • Multiplier – 3rd band
• Measure voltage, AC voltmeter / DC voltmeter • Tolerance – 4th band
• Measure voltage, resistance, current – multitester or multimeter • Anode, positive
• Electrical pliers – cutting/holding • Cathode, negative
• Soldering iron – joing (circuit board) • AM, 530 KHz – 1600 Khz
• Fuse puller, for pulling cartridge • FM, 88 Mhz – 108 Mhz
• Mini drill – boring holes • Oscillator – produce high frequency
• Screwdriver – driving • Soldering flux – acid used to clean metals
• Desoldering pump – removing solder iron • 14 AWG light fixtures and circuit
• Silicon diode – rectifier • 12 AWG convenience outlet
• Crystal diode – detector, signal • 8 AWG cable for service entrance
• Light emitting diode (LED) – lighting • SI standard of 14 AWG is 2.0 mm
• Zener diode – regulator • Electrical metallic tubing – raising to either higher or lower level
• Rectifier diode – convert AC to DC • Series connected drycell – increase amount of voltage
• NPN base – positive; outward • Resistor – oppose, resist, limit
• PNP base – negative; inward • Diode – one direction, convert AC to DC
• Fusion – joining hydrogen atoms • Insulator – no electron moving
• Tension – surface • Capacitor – storage of charge
• Fission – splitting • Sine wave – rise and fall of AC and voltage
• Friction – rubbing • Open resistor – infinite (no deflection)
• Weatherproof socket – outdoor / wet location • Erratic sound – defective volume control
• Worn out amplifier – audio frequency signal
• Broken antenna – main signal
• Blasted tuner – radio station
• Tuning capacitor – tuned to different station
• Resistor – non polarize
• Transistor, Diode, Capacitor (polarize, + - )
• Emitter, electrode with an arrow
• Self bias, base connected to collectr
• Copper – commonly used, cheapest
• Silver – best conductor
• Aluminum – better conductivity than copper
• Busbar – for connecting high voltage
• Western union – housing installation
• Photoelectricity – emmission of light
• Source – supplier of electricity (battery, dry cell, generator)
• Load – electrical devices
• Control – switch on/off
• Path – circuit, wires
• Electrical pressure – volts
• Solid conductor – electrons free to move
• Bigger wire less resistance
• Bend copper without kinking, expose copper to heat
• NPN silicon base bias voltage – 0.6 volt
• Stored – memory
• Encoder – phase distortion
• Voltage divider – operating point is almost stable
• Difference in potential – voltage drop
• DC – series
• AC – parallel
• Binary processor – single integrated circuit
• Cannot be recharged – primary battery
• Wire stripper, to cut insulation
• Solder – Tin and Lead
• Forward Biased – ON Switch
• Reversed Biased – OFF Switch
• Yellow-Violet-Black-Gold, 47 ohms, 5%
• Two plates capacitor, Dielectric
• Ferric chloride, chemical used in etching copper
• Voltage in capacitor – working voltage
• Aluminum, metal used as heat sink
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
BLESSING NOTES
• first and foremost for entrepreneurs – Being a good follower first
• base the type of business, Availability of resources and time for business
• distributed among the stock holders, Dividend
• step-by-step procedure – Project proposal
• how the business will be managed – Market study
• key ingredient to entrepreneurship is placed on – Innovation
• can identify a good business through, The availability of supply, interest,
capacity and skills
• Attracting buyers depends on, Consumers likes and dislikes
• Risk taker – Acceptance of challenges and changes
• working together – Coordinating
• Entrepreneurship refers to any lawful activity
• first step to put up her own business, Application of mayor’s permit to
operate
• records the financial operations – Bookkeeping
• true about debit and credit, Debit increase asset and decrease liabilities
• Entrepreneur, A person who is able to look at the environment and
identify opportunities
• Objective – aim of business organizations
• Magna Carta for Small Enterprises – RA 6977
• agreement in a corporation – article of incorporation
• agreement in a partnership – Articles of Co-Partnership
• Machinery and/or equipment, Capital assets
• buying and selling of goods and services through internet, Electronic
commerce
• factor should be considered a priority in finding a location, labor supply
• Marketing – point of production to the point of consumption
• Profit is an indicator – Business
• ability to create new things, invest in new enterprises and expand
business – Entrepreneurship
• factors must he possess that will not rely on services of employees –
Knowledge / Skills
• match the needs of the society, must be based on felt needs
• SWOT analyze business opportunities
• Communicates with people through interviews, observations and
advertisement – Marketing study
• communicate the product to customers, Promotion
• most important in choosing the best location, access to supplies and raw
materials
• market refers to people, institutions or organizations for whom the
business is designed
• how to increase profits – not included in planning a business
• benefit of business planning, eliminate business risk
• planning – thinking ahead of objectives
• environment includes technological, social and ethical/political factors –
Macro environment
• purchased a right to operate an already established business – Franchise
• Entrepreneur – principal actor of the production
• tangible used in the production – Material resources
• start-up – establishing a business from scratch
• market describes the buyers and users of the product and the area of
dispersion – market study
• superior delegates authority to a subordinate – line type
• disadvantage of a functional type of organization, Morale is likely to be
low when discipline is weak
• Private label brand – type of product, as designed, produced and
marketed by the seller
• NOT needed by an entrepreneur – Working skills
• Entrepreneur, seeks to create value for local communities, people or
customer by starting new ventures which exploit new products, processes or
markets
• INAPPROPRIATE in starting a business, Cope with failures of the
business
• NOT a source of fund, Seek assistance from Central Bank of the
Philippines
• INAPPROPRIATE – Relaxed
• UNDESIRABLE – Impassive
• primary cause of failure in small business – Poor location
• turning daydream into reality – Enthusiasm
• Enthusiasm – gives the energy to pursue his endeavor
• able to withstand the troubles – Perseverance
• physical meeting point – Exchange functions
• actual flow of commodities through space and time – Physical functions
• marketing objective is NOT true, Maintain instability of supply and
demand for marketed goods
• Place – vehicle for informing target market
• price cutting or relaunching the product – Maturity
• NOT appropriate in running a small-scale business – Distribution
channel
• Shareholders, Independent, locally based private enterprise
• defeat and exit the market – Decline
• tangible and intangible aspects – Product
• SWOT analysis – assess entrepreneurial projects
• PEST analysis – opportunities and threats
• SWOT, Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats
• final stage in the marketing planning – Control
• target market, is attractive to the business and matches its supply
capabilities
• well documented – Feasibility study
• Blueprint – Business plan
• successful entrepreneurial activity – Careful planning
• Coffee and Cake apply – Marketing concept
• Assess entrepreneurial projects – Competitor analysi
• Do things faster – efficienc
• Blending of variables – Variable research
• Help community and government – Salary and Taxes
• Person who is enterprising, has high level of technical knowledge
• Monthly load payment – Principal + Interest
• Where are we now? – first stage in the marketing planning
FOODS
BLESSING NOTES
• Milk – source of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine or good appetite)
• CHON (Carbon – Hydrogen – Oxygen – Nitrogen) chemical formula for
amino acid which is a component of Protein
• Al dente – firm yet tender to bite
• Pastry products– tender and flaky
• Bread flour – strongest and sweetest flour (12-14 % gluten)
• Measuring – sift flour before measuring
• Creaming – sugar, butter, egg
• Beating – the purpose of beating is to incorporate air
• Kneading – process involving pressing, pushing, folding, and stretching
of the dough
• Nutrient that responsible in the formation of tissues in the body, Protein
• Application of dry, heat on cakes, breads and pastries is called Baking
• The right “kind” means, Buy those which fits the intended purpose
• viands which is rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, and other
macronutrients and can be prepared at a limited budget Pinakbet with broiled
bangus
• Deglazing - added some white wine and scarped the bottom of the pan
• Flambé – added wine to cook food
• More than twice the calorie per gram, Fats
• Fats – 9 kcal/g
• Carbohydrates – 4 kcal/g
• Protein – 4 kcal/g
• Main structural component of the body, Protein
• Fat, sugar, salt and alcohol – Eat least food
• Cutting vegetable into thin match stick, Julienne
• Poor night vision, Retinol (vitamin A) • Blanch – the vegetable in boiling water
• Appealing to the eye – Garnish • Blanching – plunge
• Most accurate (vitamins), Regulate physiological processes • melting of sugar – Caramelizing
• Carbonara – bechamel sauce • simmering – just below boiling point
• Lactose – milk • retain the most antioxidant, Steam lightly
• Sucrose – sugar • LEAST healthy – Frying
• Glucose – plants • Steaming, preserve vegetable color and nutritional value
• Fructose – fruits • Vitamin C, healthy immune and strong connective tissue
• Loss of riboflavin can be prevented, kept cold & protected from light • space is limited and there’s limited work force, Buffet service
• Soften skin – scalding • raw foods – Behind cooked and ready to eat food
• Slaughtering, killing of domestic livestock • The term salad when used alone – Green leaves that are eaten raw
• Removing of feathers, defeathering • breading procedure, Flour, egg wash, bread crumbs
• Evisceration, entrails or abdominal parts • Pork Hardinera – Steaming
• 100 guest – Buffet service • Chicken Galantina - Roasting
• Main course – Entrée • lacks protein – Kwashiorkor
• Dessert – Entremets • Beriberi – vitamin B-1 deficiency
• Soup – Consomme • Blanching, until crisp and then dropped it into cold water
• Sauce – Espagnole • least gluten – Cake flour
• To slice thinly – Emincer • not used right away, They are stored in the body as fat
• Meat, biggest expense • Gueridon – French
• Cutting apples, oxidative enzymatic changes • Cooking egg in hot water – Poaching
• Baked mussels, low cost dish • Macaroni salad – Flake
• Docking, using fork to make holes • Roux, flour and fat (butter)
• Pastry, tender and flaky • Roe, ripe egg of fish, shrimp, scallops
• Salmonella – egg • Highest water percentage, Tomatoes
• E.coli – contaminated food / raw meat • Absorption of Iron, Vitamin C
• Cooking, breakdown cellulose • Veloute sauce, chicken or fish stock
• Baking – cakes, breads and pastries • Egg to bind food – thickening agent
• Braising – menudo, asado and adobo • All drinks serve at the right side
• Most important meal, breakfast
• Main goal – keep meal nutritionally adequate
• Fermentation in bread – Salt
• used primarily in the preparation of flat icings, confectioner sugar
• Collagen, converts to gelatin when it is cooked
• anti-oxidant – Vitamin E
• most vitamin C, 1 cup of chopped green chili peppers
• Saturated fats, Movie theater popcorn
• alcohol and carbon dioxide, Yeast
• NOT belong to the group – Pie
• pastry shell is baked before it can be filled, Blind bakng
• Buttercream icing – shortening, sugar syrup and eggs
• safety risks in baking EXCEPT, sufficient light
• blunt knife for cake designing – palette
• conventional method of mixing is FALSE, one-bowl method
• NOT a function of salt, increase volume
• quick breads – Cut in the shortening
• gives structure, Gluten
• steamer is not available, Place the fish wrap in banana leaf and cook in a
tightly covered frying pan containing water.
• statement about service rule is FALSE, Scrape and stack dirty plates on
guest table
• CORRECT menu sequence – appetizers, main dish, cereals, beverages,
desserts
• first thing that a receptionist should offer – menu card
• required before assembling the food materials, menu planning
• good source of fiber, bread, rice, pasta
• rolling boil – forming rapidly and cannot be stopped when stirred
• Onions – sulfur compounds
• should be avoided primarily, vitamin C is destroyed in the presence of
alkali
• best cooking temperature is, low to moderate heat
• proofing – Testing cakes for doneness
• pourable mixture of flour, Batter
• Copper bowl, has special property which stabilizes the eggs
• mise enplace – pre-heating the oven
• cut is appropriate for potato in preparing menudo, cubes
• cooked over live coals – Barbeque
• To soak - marinate
• Working the dough by stretching and folding, Kneading
• fat soluble vitamins, EXCEPT:
Vitamin C
• physiological functions of food, EXCEPT provide satisfaction
• iron deficiency – Anemia
• NOT a function of fat, Repair body tissues
• good sources of carotene, EXCEPT Legumes
• NOT a group from the Food Guide Pyramid – food additives
• Provides energy not a function of water
• ordered food from appetizer to dessert – Table d'hote
• proper doneness in vegetables, EXCEPT: cook different kinds of
vegetables together
• Callos and Goto – Tripe
• Bopiz – Variety
• general direction for Low-Cholesterol diets is FALSE, use of margarine
• NOT a moist-heat method of cooking, Baking
• Cooking meat is FALSE, unavailability of nutrients
• food from approved sources , guarantee safe and wholesome food
• reasons for cooking meat is FALSE, unavailability of nutrients
• 1 pinch = ½ dash
• 16 tablespoons = 48 teaspoons
PLUMBING
BLESSING NOTES
• Person who installs pipes – Plumber
• Showers, lavatories, bath tubs and sink – Plumbing Fixtures
• Required by the National Plumbing Code EXCEPT, There should be no
ventilation pipe to avoid exposure of bad odor
• Faulty plumbing may cause, Serious health hazard
• Pipe that conveys waste other than from the water closet, Waste pipe
• Prevent siphonage or backflow of the water – Vent pipe
• Ideal size of the pipe – Not less than 3” or 75 mm diameter
• Commonly used plastic pipe, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
• Septic tank collect organic waste discharge
• Septic tank is ideal in a family with 6 members – 1.3 cu.m.
• Septic tank is ideal in a family with 9 members – 1.95 cu.m.
• Decomposition in the upper portion of the septic tank, Sedimentatio
• Minimum distance of the tank to the nearest source of water, 100 meters
• Threader making teeth n pipes
• Teflon tape used to seal
• G.I. pipe – hacksaw
• Pipe Wrench tighten or loosen
• Trap prevent the back passage of air
• Connect smaller pipe from a larger pipe, Reducer
• Connect fixed pipe and fixtures, Union fitting
• Plumbum – latin word for Lead
• Adjustable wrench – tighten or loosen bolts and nuts
• Pipe wrench – tighten or loosen pipe
• Pump – move fluid
• Pipe made of concrete and usually use for sewer – Soil pipes
• System of pipes and drains installed for the purpose of distribution –
Plumbing System
• Avoid the sewer gases to build up pressure – Venting System
• Drainpipes connections are lead away from all fixtures at a certain
calculated slope of, ¼ per ft.
• Use for making flanged, cast iron
• Venting system facilitate the flow of sewer gases and, solid and water
disposal
• Copper – reliability and durability
• Used in conjunctions, Sealants
• plumbing local code – Building inspector’s
• Galvanized – 1960
• Type of joints is generally used on large-diameter pipes – Flanged
• Compressions fittings – Jointing polyethylene
• Most corrosion- resistant, Stainless steel tube
• Shape and position of a trap retains water that serves as an, Effective
seal
• Increasing standardization of Plumbing codes, equipment and materials
• improvements of the plastic materials in plumbing, uniform regulations
can be expected
• Sludge accumulated at the bottom
• Sewer underground tunnel
• Prevent backflow of water – Check valve
• Ball valve – can be closed or opened
• schedule 40 pipe, Thicker than schedule 20
• NOT required by the National Plumbing Code, No vent pipe is needed.
• Cleanout, purposes of troubleshooting in case of stoppage of flow
• Plastic pipes are commonly used – PVC
• Connected for each faucet, toilet, and fixtures, Fixture shutoffs
• Plumber's snake, Metal with semi-rigid auger
• Toilet has trouble – plunger
• gripping large pipes and irregular objects, chain wrench
• Holding tool when cutting pipes, Yoke vise
• Hold pipe by hand, Vise grip
• Good plumbing practices, EXCEPT – excessive water consumption
• Back flow, being forced back
• examples of plumbing fixtures, EXCEPT, drainage
• OT true about plumbing standards, Plumbing shall be designed and
adjusted to use the maximum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
• Toxic substance, Hazardous to human health
• best describes a toilet bowl, The Box Type compartment holding water
for flushing the toilet
• Plumbing ventilation means, carry sewer gas out and relieve pressure of
the drainage system
• Down spout, Rainwater from the roof down to the ground
• Inside building the diameter of pipes – 0.5 inch
• Portable water travel – Galvanized pipes
• System has leak – Gate valve
• Shut off the flow of water just 90 degrees turn, Globe valve
• Fitted with a male adopter, Cap
• Fitted with a female adopter, Plug
• PVC pipes can be installed in a 7.50 meter – 2.5 pcs
• Coupling, connect two length of pipes
• Leaking in the water supply of lavatory, sink, and water close – Angle
valve
• Source of potable water, minimum safe distance from the septic tank –
15 meters
• Supply water for public use, minimum meter radius from a well to the
residences – 100 meters
• Standard length of a PVC pipe 10 ft.
• Standard length of a G.I. pipe – 6 ft.
• Standard length of a PVC pipe – 3.0 m
• Plumbing fixtures must have P-trap, EXCEPT, water closet
• Size of house drain – surge flow rate from shower
• House sewer, conveys discharge to public sewer
• Water Reservoir – supply (dam)
• Water distribution – distributor (Maynilad, Manila water, Water district)
• Main water pipe – system of pipes
• Water service pipe – water from service to plumbing fixtures
• Below atmospheric pressure – Gate valve
• Water heaters – Anti vacuum
• Radiator valve, self regluating – Calorifer
• Protect tank from pressure - Vacuum
• Needle – nose pliers – cutting, holding
• Combination pliers – grip, cut, twist
• Side – cutting pliers – cutting edge
• Tongue – and – groove plier – loosen and tighten faucets
• Sin clogs up – P-Trap
• Water closet – J ben
• First step in laundry tub, Level the stand
• Bend copper without kinking, expose to heat
• First step in lavatory, water closet
• National Plumbing Code, EXCEPT – to enhance siphoning of water