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M U F O N U F O JOURNAL
(U S P S 002-970)
(IS S N 0270-6822)
FROM THE EDITOR
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DENNIS W. STACY
awaited Communion, bestselling author Whitley Strieber reveals
Editor
that his experiences with “ the visitors” are still ongoing; His
WALTER H. ANDRUS, JR.
speculations about who, or what they might be, as well as his views
International Director and
Associate Editor on M U F O N and its members, not to mention the skeptics, is sure to
T H O M A S P. D E U L E Y
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A rt Director . it first!
M ILD R ED BFESELE Meanwhile, the issue in hand contains two updates on the
Contributing Editor recent Brazil cases, and a pair o f meaty articles by our own Michael
A N N DRUFFEL Swords and England’s Jenny Randles. Stan Gordon looks at
Contributing Editor mystery meteors, and Jim Leming reveals new developments in the
Great Falls, Montana, U F O film. N ext month, besides the intriguing
P A U L CERNY Strieber article, we’ll also feature other viewpoints on the abduction
Promotiorv/Publicity phenomenon in general, undoubtedly the most provocative feature
in all of Ufology.
M A R G E CH R ISTENSEN
Public Relations
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T. S C O T T C R A IN
In this issue
W H Y IS U FO LO G Y SO CONFUSING? by Michael D. Swords...............3
GREG LO N G
Staff Writer UFO ALERT IN BRAZIL by J. Antonio Huneeus ................................ ,6
BRAZILIAN BRIEFING by Irene Grancht................................................7
JAMES LEMING
SIMONE MENDEZ MYSTERY METEORS by Stan Gordon ................................................. 8
Staff Artists M O N T A N A MOVIE by James R. Leming...................................... :... 10
T E D PHILLIPS LA N D W ITHOUT FREEDOM by Jenny Randles................................. 12
Landing Trace C ases CRASH COURSE by Ann D ruffel........................................................ 16
J O H N F. SCH UESSLER N IG H T SKY (December) by Walter N. W e b b ...................................... 17
Medical C ases DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE by Walt A n d ru s........................................... 20
LEO NARD STRINGFIELD COVER Courtesy NASA
U F O Crash/Retrieval
WALTER N. WEBB
Astronomy
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WHY IS UFOLOGY SO CONFUSING?
By Michael D. Swords
There are a lot of possible answers travel should be tough, but not so tough for the moment. You can take
to the question in the title, ranging from as to be un-doable, or even particularly expansion waves o f a factorial type and
“ there’s nothing to it” to “ w e’re too daunting. show that you can expand to 200 to 400
stupid to reason it out,” Well, maybe Note well folks: the theorists are billion hops rather rapidly, as Fermi
...both ways. But those answers are offering support here for the possibility intuited. If you say that the expansion is
pretty unsatisfying to researchers close of interstellar ET craft (U FO s if you “ random” (i.e. now it’s expanding here,
to the issues, and may not be the wish, or the bigger vessels which carry now, there, now somewhere else), you
answers which make the most sense. them). Now, they (Hart and Jones) have subtlety introduced a model o f the
There is an answer which makes at rapidly and correctly come to the space which you are filling up. It is a
least as much sense, as it is supported conclusion that it doesn’t really matter sphere; a sphere with 400 billion
by a trend of thinking outside Ufology much how fast your “ ship” goes (speed randomly distributed targets and your .
entirely — the debate over the so-called of light, 10% C , whatever, as long as it’s original expander civilization at the
Fermi Paradox. “ pretty” fast). The key of “ overrunning” center. And for that “ galaxy,” the
Named after Enrico Fermi, who the galaxy is how long ETs hang around factorial wave fills it up far quicker than
years ago mythically scraped together in one system before making the big the age available to do so.
some quick mathematics to estimate effort to hop to the next. It also makes a But we all know that our galaxy
how fast ET civilizations could spread difference how many simultaneous “ just ain’t that way.” It is a highly
across the galaxy, the Paradox says: . stellar voyages you send out (i.e. how flattened disk with lots o f structure
from all our science we would intuit that many new systems you try to hop to internally. What this means is that any
ET1 is common and has been common from the same home base at the same random wave is going to run out of stars
in the galaxy for perhaps billions of time). Hart and Jones juggle these “ stay in many directions rather rapidly (all the
years. But if so where are they? Why times” and “ numbers of simultaneous ' “ up” and “ down” ones, for instance). In
aren’t they “ all over us” and all other target stars per base,” and conclude these directions the “ power” o f the
stars as well? W hy wasn’t the Solar that, yep, Fermi was right. ET should wave goes to zero, and you are left
System (and Earth) colonized hund have colonized the whole galaxy long, limping along elsewhere at a much
reds of millions of years ago? long ago. slower pace. The point o f this is that
The argument goes on to reason An inspection of their reasoning you can take the argument o f the
that “ since no evidence of ETI exists in process (H art’s and Jones’) reveals a primary negativists and “ play their
the Solar System” (flatly rejecting surprising alternative’ view. What they game” right alongside them, and come
UFOs), ETs must nof be common or try to do is assume a certain process to the conclusion that the time for ET
even present in. the galaxy. Actually this governing “ stay times” (w ell roast them expansion in the galaxy could well be
conclusion is an odd leap in several on this later) and then a certain rate of about the same as the time available for
ways. It could be an argument for N o expansion to govern the simultaneous that expansion. Translation: the
ETs, or for N o Space-travelling ETs, or number o f targets per base. This argument might conclude that we
for N o ETs who Colonize, or for N o second “ guess” is a big deal in the would expect “ them” to be arriving any
ETs who Space-travel and also wish to result. If orie assumes that the home “ moment” now. Once again the
reveal themselves, or for N o ETs who system colonizes two systems, then argument aga/nsf E T can turn out to be
Space-travel and want to interfere, etc. four, then 8, 16, 32, etc....this “ turtle” an argument for U FO s or even ancient
etc. approach “ never” gets around to all 400 astronauts.
billion stars (given any. reasonable
SPACE TRAVEL scenario parameters), and there’s no M O T IV A T IO N
Fermi “ problem,”
Pursuing this idea may not be a Hart and Jones feel that some pace . So on we go...quite delighted that
waste o f our time. The Fermi Paradox of expansion between the “ rabbit” and all these anti-ETers are creating such a
( “ lots o f Ets, but none apparent” ?) has the “ turtle” mentioned above is more strong pro-UFO argument for us. The
been reworked by negativists such as likely: a random diffusive expansion "other” part of the Fermi Game is
Michael Hart and Eric Jones, and by wave of some sort, like a “ factorial” “ motivation” — why are the ETIs going
Frank Tipler. In the Hart-Jones function (one goes to two, they go to to the stars, and how does that
formulation, they extrapolate from three, the three colonize four more, determine their “ stay times” before
current technology and decide (as do all etc.). Well, it’s a guess loaded with
other thinkers on this) that interstellar assumptions, but let’s let them have it (continued next page)
3
CO N FU SIN G , Continued would instead send self-replicating civilization that they would choose to
intelligent robots (Von Neumann set up housekeeping in colony-research
hopping outward? Well, the safest Machines) who would relentlessly structures in space, rather than on
answer is “who knows,” but let’s look at follow their general program of travel, planetary surfaces. The likely choice is
the published debate so far. exploration, self-replication, travel, the asteroid belt for all sorts of reasons:
Hart and Jones decide that exploration etc. until they filled the raw metals, water, carbonaceous
"overpopulation” is the answer, almost : galaxy. Ergo, “ since we see no Von materials, everything you need (except
the wierdest motive that they could Neumann Machines around, there’s no your "hom e” gene-banks) to build a
have com e up with. My guess is that ■ ET.” O nce again we have been treated civilization. --
they chose this motive because it gave to especially bizarre assumptions. If an ET exploring group were
them: a method for approximating All sorts of problesm exist with permanently set up in the asteroid belt,
'“ stay-times:” i.e. how long do you need Tipler’s idea (Carl Sagan and William or wherever, no longer can any
to explode your population and then Newman have pointed out several), but objection about “ t o o . many U FO s”
m ove on? OK, nice try, but nonsense. the worst o f them is simply .why would crossing interstellar space be made. All
. , Imagine a system groaning under any E T send machines to ramble all we see are the mini-research vehicles
the weight of a trillion .people, and over the galaxy when they could never which commute back-and-forth from
getting relief o f some sort by sending get any benefit for any but the closest the base-colony. Such explorers would
out a colony o f 500. And, more parts o f their project? You can imagine “ drop-in” any time their research
cogently, all our hi-tech Earth cultures the ET Space Science Council saying to programs called for it on Planet Three,
have turned their population curves themselves, “ let’s spend several trillion and the bulk o f the work would be
over; only the third world is still bucks to send these independent "back in the lab.” They would then send
multiplying like crazy. There’s a lot of robots into space even though we won't their findings to home system by some
incentive for an educated, well-off hear, from 99.9999 + % o f them — heck, method...maybe not radio.
healthy population not to explode. it’ll be fun just knowing that we’ve In Papagiannis’ ow n w ords:
Advanced civilizations will feel no littered the galaxy with our junk. And if “ Supporting the existence of space
population pressure whatsoever. w e’re lucky, the. program might even colonies in our solar system are the
S o that kind o f colonization makes get so out of hand that a hoard o f them many U FO sightings continuously
no sense. What else is there? Military or will come back here and destroy our reported in the press, though none of
c o m m e r c ia l e x p a n s io n ? T o ta l system’s viability by'th eir insatiable them has ever been scientifically
nonsense unless Interstellar Travel is resource demands.” - verified to correspond to an alien
like calling a taxi — that is, if star-to- , Greatidea. But what do w e get out spacecraft. If, however, there is any
star is a significant expense and effort, o f it other than that the negativists have substance to any o f these reports, it
then it’s a lot easier to extensively screwed up again? Well, it has focussed would certainly make more sense if all
exploit your own system. Pragmatics, the discussion on two possible motives these alien spacecraft would be flying
in fact, make no sense in general as a for ET exploration: curiosity and out from space colonies within our solar
motive, unless it involves the ultimate survival.' And in motivation lies system rather than crossing interstellar
pragmatic, survival (of which more potential explanation when you’re distances of many light years just to pay
la te r). S o, w e need som ething trying to study UFOs. us a short visit.
“ irrational,” “ idealistic,” “ romantic” to What have we got so far? 1.) A “ If the galaxy has already been
drive E T outward, or we need a survival whole thrust o f our own Earth science colonized, this cosmic event must have
issue. w hich seem s to in d ica te that happened hundreds of millions or even
O n e can imagine two such extraterrestrial intelligence should be billions o f years ago and therefore all
irrational drives, religion and curiosity. com m on place; 2.) A variety of these stellar colonies must have
(Other drives are imagineable, but not viewpoints and designs which seem to reached a steady state existence a very
coherent with a civilization organized indicate that interstellar travel should long time ago. For such advanced
enough to produce such a project; ex. be possible, albeit difficult (i.e. a sincere societies, which probably have also
paran oias, phobias, A p ocalyptic effort); 3.) Galactic travel scenarios reached some level of immortality,
revelations,...in fact, it is somewhat which could have a likely arrival of ET changes would be infrequent and
difficult to picture a religious drive so anytime in recent past or foreseeable therefore time would pass much slower
emotionally powerful in a hi-tech future; 4.) A likely motivation for travel than it does in our own fast changing
organized society, which would require of scientific exploration and/or survival. world. T o them the earth for millions of
mission 'work to other stars...unless, years must have seemed a rather
again, such trips are very easy). SPACE DWELLERS uninteresting abode of primitive life that
It seems that wonder, curiosity, was still w orth p reservin g for
exploration is what w e’re got to Work M ichael Papagiannis, Boston evolutionary studies or as a zoo.
with. Frank Tipler felt this way and built University Astronomy Professor, has “ In the last century, things started
his anti-ET argument on that ground. made very cogent arguments that such s u d d e n ly t o h a p p e n . R a d io
H e stated that no rational intelligences ET visitor-explorers would be so
would send themselves to the stars, but co m forta b le as a space-dwelling (continued next page)
4
CONFUSING, Continued civilization sends out explorer-colonies experiment? Human psychology and
'r
motivated by two primeval drives: mental stability is a big factor in the
communications, airplanes, nuclear curiosity and survival. They set up a master equation our observers would
bombs, satellites, missions to other base in the solar system, probably in the be trying to figure out. H ow logical is a
planets, are all activities which could asteroid belt, and begin to explore (this Rorschach test, after all?
have not gone unnoticed. If indeed they could have been recently or well-past). When it’s all said, does any of the
exist in the asteroid belt they can no Although the whole system is a above make sense? It certainly doesn’t
longer ignore us, because with our research treasure-trove, Planet Three prove anything. It is a vision almost
spacecraft crossing the asteroid belt on . is special because, of its life ecology and entirely a posteriori. But it has a few
their way to Jupiter and Saturn and intelligent life form. Elaborate research points of attraction. It is a view which
with our large arsenals of megaton v .programs are set up with several goals: grows naturally from the scientists
nuclear weapons we could even be a : 1.) Basic research on the entire discussing ET1 outside/independent of
direct threat to them, ft is conceivable, system; 2.) in-depth knowledge of UFOlogy. It is therefore a reasonable
therefore, that faced with such a human physiology; 3.) in-depth extension of current thought.
sudden technological explosion they knowledge of human psychology; 4.) It also explains a lot of the UFO
are still holding back- trying to decide maintenance of secrecy while still Phenomenon, including the increase in
whether we represent some kind of a allowing in-depth research (requiring sightings at a critical time in our
cosmic disease that must be destroyed direct interactions);, 5.) possibly, technological development, and a
before it spreads, or some promising a c c lim a tiz a tio n o f hum anity to constellation- of human-focussed and
youngsters that ought to be helped to themselves. “ absurd” , confu sing actions. It
join an already well established galactic There is an in-built tension in the “ predicts” that we are in for more of the
society.” (Papagiannis, 1983) plan. Work must go on. . Not only s a m e , w ith p e r h a p s a s lo w
Papagiannis’ comments bring up knowledge, but perhaps life and death acclimatization process (if w e’re lucky)
the topic o f “ survival.” Charles decisions are on the line. But the work or a sudden violent decision (if w e’re
Pelligrino of Adelphi University gave a must be secret, or at least unbelieved. not).
disturbing presentation at the 1986 N o abortive too-early fixation of the Is the idea entirely balderdash? It
A A A S meeting during a day-long terrestrial intelligen ces must be could be surely. The ETs cluttering the
session on Interstellar Travel and fo c u s s e d on the e x is t e n c e of galaxy could be blocked from getting
Communication. Pelligrino compared themselves and the possible position of here, or they could be totally cocky and
relativistic space-craft with Samuel their home world. They are researchers unconcerned about us, and all the U FO
Colt's six-gun. As Colt’s gun “ made all on a mission of the potentially greatest p h en o m e n o n could h a v e o th er
men equal,” the relativistic rocket (a import, the monitoring and evaluation surprising explanations. Fine, let’s hope
“ planet-cracker" as he phrased it) of an extremely dangerous intelligent we find out. Till then let’s also keep
makes all technical civilizations equal in life form (us). open the possibility in no way refuted
their ability to devastate the other. by any established fact or theory
Established civilizations might well be M IND G A M E S mentioned above. Speculative or not, it
very concerned about “ other guys” has the virtue of explaining a lot of the
emerging into this sort of technology. W e’re not that bad, we think. But mystery in this business.-
They might want to “ seek” them we really are, aren’t we? W e get our act
out without themselves being overtly together occasionally, and most of us Bibliography
revealed. They might want to monitor seem fairly under control, and if the 1) Hart, Michael. “ An explanation for
them very closely, especially their picture above is correct, that may be the absence of extraterrestrials on
mental stability, violence, xenophobia, what saves iis. If our observers are Earth.” Quarterly Journal o f the Royal
and general psychology. They might, if relatively benign but still seriously Astronomical Society 16: 128-135.
especially lenient in their attitude, try to concerned, how would you expect them 1975. '
gradually acclimate the new group to to proceed? They’d play the game with 2) Jones, Eric, “ Discrete calculations of
the more advanced “ unknown.” If not as much control as possible — single, or Interstellar Migration and Settlement.”
lenient, they’d take no chances. few, manipulated “ specimens,” on their ICARUS 46: 328-336. 1981.
Whereas I’m not especially comfortable own turf, relatively cool and objective, 3) Newman, William 1. and Sagan, Carl.
with this scenario, it doesn’t seem at all certainly not overly affectionate, “ Galactic Civilizations: Population
impossible...and could even explain intense, serious, not totally lacking Dynamics and Interstellar Diffusion.”
much. • care, but risking nothing, and ICARUS 46: 293-327. 1981
deliberately spreading the maximum 4) Papagiannis, Michael. “ Could we be
ET RESEARCH confusion to cover their trail. the only advanced technological
But why the apparent “ mind- civilization in our galaxy?” Origin of Life
Backing off the Papagiannis-plus- games?” The “ display,” the “ staged (ed. H. Noda). Tokyo, 1978. pp. 583
Pelligrino picture, now what might we messing around?" The “ meaningless 595.
surmise? absurdities?” Have you ever wondered
An established extraterrestrial what a rat might think in a psychology (continued on page 9)
5
UFO ALERT IIY BRAZIL
By J. Antonio Huneeus
Irene Granchi is a veteran Brazilian be able to state that they are 20th May, while flying from Sao Luiz of
U FO investigator. ‘ Unidentified Flying Objects. Simply Maranhao to Brasilia, “ an object that
said, using the technical means we have looked like a ping-pong ball. It seemed
“ “ Unidentified Movements” - this, and because of the fighter planes used not to reflect, but to have a light of its
is how N ey Siqueira labeled the for interception by the Air Force, we own. It followed my plane for about 700
Unidentified Flying Objects (in the follow the principle that they are km and flew at 40,000 ft,, about 14 km.
strict sense of the word) in his T V ' Unidentified Aerial Movements.” ' ■. O ver Porto Nacional it was flying to my
report given on May 21st, 1986. “ W as the length and trajectory of left, near Salvador, Bahia.”
N ey Siqueira is President of . these objects checked?” ' Another comment was made by
■C IN D A C T A (Centro Integrado de “ N o, mo type or shape of these Minister -Osiris Silva who, after taking
Defesa Aerea e de Controle de Trafego objects was checked for this happened office as Petrobras President, said, “ I t .
Aereo - integrated Centre of Air at night.” This statement was made oh didn’t look anything like the Flying
Defence and Air Traffic Control) and Wednesday 21st May on the second T V Saucers seen in publications. It was a
declared that “ In Sao Jose dos Newsreel, Manchete. .. circular light and it registered on
Campos, Air Traffic Control had shown . Oh the same night, the Air Force radar.”
a cramming of echoes on radar and the minister Octavio Moreira Lima, made a Finally the Air Force stood down
pilot o f a plane in the air had received short statement and on the next day he- the pilots, all of them veterans, who had
the message and was the first to see, g a v e a. P re s s in tervie w which been scrambled on the night o f May
visually, lights which remained visible commenced withk: laughter, when he 19th, and they were allowed to give a
for 200 miles, when the pilot lost touch.” confessed that ever since his childhood Press Conference. Each of the seven
The plane, a Xingu was none other he had hoped to see‘a Flying Saucer. pilots present had the opportunity to
than that of Osires Silva, the' newly But, he added that it is not a. matter of give his own version o f what he had
appointed President o f Petrobras, who belief and that he could only furnish watched between May 19 and 20. Th ree’ -
for many years was also President of technical 1information. “ Technically, F -5 fighter jets w ere sent up from Sao
EMBRAER (Empress Brasileira de there is no explanation,” the Minister Jose dos Campos and three Mirage jets
A e r o n a u t ic a l). W ith his p ilo t said. “W e shall obtain the C IN D A C T A from Anapolis, Goias. Th e lights seen
Commander Alcir, he was about to land reports.. W e haven’t the slightest were white, green and red. Speed noted
when they were given notice by the intention of hiding anything from the was between 250 and 1500 km per hour.
Control Tower and lifted off once more; Press.” ’ Twenty-one lights were observed
they watched white, green and red “ What is your position?” he was altogether. A t the Press Conference,
lights flying from 250 to 1000 km per asked. ' 1 1 one of the pilot’s said, “ I watched a very
hour. “ I do not know .Jt’s very difficult bright, red light.”
Please note that each quote given for us to say. An object.. .well, we do not The other said, “ I watched three
here is recorded directly from live have an explanation...it could be, let’s ' lights, a green one, a red one, and a
interviews . on T V and nqt from say, a matter of- electronic warfare. -It white one - the white one prevailed.”
newspapers. But the Press, in general, could be... interference on radar...but “ I watched the lights in front and
has faithfully reported the facts. ■ this is a hypothesis. Electronic warfare on each side of my radar screen. I
“ Simultaneously,” ‘ Ney Siqueira that I’tn talking. about is <mere speeded up to 1500 km per hour and
went on to say, “ W e had contacts by s p e c u la tio n . T h e r e a re m any managed to close in on the light to 6
radar from the Air Defence system and interferences.' ’ Radar detects metal miles from my radar, but from that
from the controls at the Santa Cruz Air objects, solid, surfaces and masses with . moment on I was unable to approach,
Base, which caused aerial action to be heavy lights. It reflects. These are the closer.” '
taken and the scrambling o f F.A.B. th ree sp ecu la tio n s. U n d e r the P ilo t K le b e r d e c la r e d , “ I
(Brazilian Air Force) planes from ’the circumstances when the phenomenon ‘ approached up to 12 miles which was
Anapolis Base so as to reconnoitre occurred, the sky was entirely clear. the same distance that the. Central
these unidentified movements.” ’ When the lights were monitored, there Tower was giving.”
A reporter asked, “ Would the Air were no airships in the sky.” ' T h e A ir M in istry d e c la r e d
F o r c e d e fin e th e s e as b e in g The newsreel (T V G lobo) of the immediately after the pilots finished
Unidentified Flying Objects?” ' 22 n d M a y , in t e r v ie w e d ' p ilo t reporting that no more would be said on
N ey replied, “ W e do. not possess Commander O to of Brasilia, who said
sufficient technical-operated means to he had seen, in the early hours of the (continued on page 9)
.7
MYSTERY M ETEO RS
By Stan Gordon
Observations of meteors are almost the same time and in the same Eastern Pa., into Central and Northern
indeed quite common and can be made lo c a tio n w h e re a s c ie n tific a lly N ew Jersey. PA SU filed a Freedom of
on almost any clear night. T h eM U F O N explainable U FO such as the re-entry of Information Act (F O IA ) request with
Field Investigators Manual describes a space debris or a natural meteor was Coast Guard Atlantic City, N.J. who
meteor as gravitationally attracted reported. W e could speculate here the had conducted a search for the object.
pieces o f matter burning up by friction possibility that if U FO s are indeed According to documents released to us
in our Earth’s atmosphere. It goes on to intelligently controlled, then they could by the Coast Guard, “ three witnesses
say that most sightings of meteors are be using this “ natural cover” to hide saw a plane or object crash into the
described as a streak o f light, or a short their operations. An even more ocean and go aflame off o f Harrison
lived, fast-moving, star-like object with complex question now, arises: Could Avenue, Atlantic City” . According to
a fiery trail behind it. some fireball meteors . actually be one press report, the object stayed
Sightings o f extra-ordinarily bright disguised UFOs? afloat on the water and burned for 10
meteors are known as Bolides or Here in Pennsylvania, our PASU minutes before sinking. The search of
fireballs, and are rare in comparison to unit {the Pennsylvania Association for the area turned up no evidence.
normal meteor observations. These the Study o f the U n exp lain ed) ' 3.) January, 1983 (occurred during
bolides can appear as a large brilliant investigates hundreds of alleged UFO the first week)-At about 6 A M a bright
round or elongated object, which can sightings every year. While recently green and red fireball was seen North of
leave a long luminous trail in the sky for working on the files and updating the H a r r is b u r g m o v in g o y e r th e
a considerable period of time. A bolide computer listings, it became apparent Susquehanna. River. W e received
can display brilliant colors normally red, that for the last 6 years (since 1981) information that the day after the
white, green,' blue and yellow or some rather strange fireball sightings' incident numerous military helicopters
combinations of these colors. These had been occurring and without our were seen in a search pattern over the
fireballs can at times be observed over a having kept records of these incidents, area o f the sightings.
large, geographical area, possibly the phenomenon would have not been 4. ) January 28, 1984-At 6:50 PM,
extending over a thousand square-mile noticed. First 1 must explain that most . many witnesses observed a bright
area or more. It is not uncommon to meteor observations are indeed natural green and red ball of fire moving from
have a sonic boom associated with the in origin. W e have received numerous Eastern Penn, to Northern N ew Jersey.
passing of a fireball. meteor and bolide reports over the The sighting was reported by police,
What is uncommon is when these years, but what caught our eye is that air traffic controllers and the public.
fireballs are reported year after year, in the reports which we mention here One witness reported to PASU , that as
a small section o f the United States. w e re all rep orted for 6 years the object passed over the hydro
During the years from 1947 to 1949, sequentially, all occurred in January or electric plant near Faith Harbor, PA
there was a rash o f sightings of green February, and all took place in either that a strong sulphur smell was
fireballs in Northern N ew Mexico. The Eastern or Western Pennsylvania, and apparent.
objects looked similar to meteors, appeared to have been seen in a 5. ) February 7, 1984-At 3:30 A M ,
except for their trajectory, apparent specific geographical area. In three of state and municipal police officers in
slow movement and localized sighting the cases, Jan. 12, 1982, Jan. 28, 1984 parts o f Y o r k , D auphin, and
locations. The Air Force, in fact, set up and Feb. 15, 1986, the sightings Cumberland Counties in Pennsylvania,
Project Twinkle to conduct a study of occurred in Eastern Pa., and into the observed the passage o f a bright ball of
these observations. But throughout N ew Jersey and Delaware border. fire in the sky emitting sparks. A check
U F O h is to ry , sim ilar “ m ystery The chronological listing of these was made for downed aircraft, but this
meteors” have shown up in many parts events are as follows; was not the case. The sighting reports
of the world. 1. ) January 1, 1981-Many reports appear to have been confined to that
The mystery meteor phenomena o f a bright fireball in the sky during the immediate area,
may have never stopped, but because afternoon over Western Pennsylvania. 6. ) January 20, 1985-At 9:15 PM , a
o f the natural appearance o f these A loud boom apparently associated bright green fireball was seen moving
o b jects the rep orts have been with the passage o f the object was through the sky near Jeanette, P A in
overlooked. As I and other writers have heard from Allegheny to Warren Westmoreland County. Reports of
previously published, there is indication County. so n ic b o om s a c c o m p a n ie d the
that unexplainable U FO sightings in 2. ) January 12,1982-Shortly beforeobservation.
some instances have occurred at 7 PM , a bluish-green fireball was seen in 7. ) February 1, 1984-At 9:10 PM,
8
many calls were received on the PASU direct contact with the N O R A D Space the right o f the plane.”
U FO Hotline concerning an orange and , C om m and C en ter in C o lo ra d o . The chase by the F A B planes
white fireball with a long tail moving, N O R A D after checking could not find lasted three hours until the lights were
through Westmoreland County. any such correlation with the sightings lost to sight at beyond 200 miles from
8.) February 15, 1986-The most mentioned. PASU, which has a strong the Brazilian coast, where the planes
recent “ mystery meteor” occurred input for U FO information across the would have been outside Brazilian
sometime after 3 AM, when many state, also checked to see if there may territory.
observers sighted a multi-colored ball of have been other sightings that went ASSESSM ENT
fire in Eastern Pennsylvania, Southern unreported in areas where the passing I decided to transcribe from my
N ew Jersey and Delaware. , object should have been sequentially tape-recorder .the verbatim reports
PASU received a number of sighted, but found that at least no such made by different persons involved in
inquiries concerning the. object and reports had been furnished to any law this experience with U FO s, and 1wish
interviewed witnesses who claim to enforcement or news agency. to point out that this is the first time an
have seen fragments fall from the object Each year there are annual meteor Air Force Minister has spoken publicly
as it moved across the sky. PASU filed showers, and multiple bright meteors to report U FO events that had just
FO IA requests with several agencies are more likely to be seen during this happened. Robert Galley, French
who were involved with this incident. time. But I am curious as to why these Defence Minister, went on T V some
The Coast Guard responded with “ mystery meteors” seem to isolate years ago, but limited himself to
numerous, documents verifying the , themselves by appearing within specific revealing what had been going on in
reports. . ■ geographical borders, year after year? France, not U F O encounters in the
According to one of the reports limelight o f that moment. Th e Brazilian
“ The Fire Chief of Lower Alloways BRAZILIAN, Continued
Air Minister also acted courageously in
Creek Fire Rescue notified base (Coast . the m atter- u n til th e S p e c ia l presenting the pilots involved on T V , so
Guard Glouchester City, N.J.) that Commission investigating the O V N Is that sensation-seeking listeners could
they , had received a report from — (U FO s) reach'their conclusions. The be told in simple, straightforward
who was near the power plant at Commission, under the Command of language what had actually happened.
Artificial Island, that he saw a red flare Aerial.Defence, declare that there is no But the story does not end here!
and heard an explosion. New Castle date marked for disclosing these There has been a plethora of U FO
County police notified base reporting results. sightings in other regions of Brazil.
similar sightings by local residents. . But another pilot m ade a Strange to say though, the program
Base contacted Chester County police statement, Francisco Hugo Freitas: Fantastico (presented on Sunday 25
dispatch and verified reports by police . “ As I was nearing Sao Jose dos .May) once more tried to debunk all the
officers in Chester, Montgomery and Campos, 1 was warned by Ground- U FO sightings, with interviews by so-
Delaware County, Pa. of unexplained control that there were several called scientists trying to prove that the
lights arching across the sky. New contacts ahead o f me, approximately spots on radar were caused by
Castle County, Delaware also had 20 miles distant. An average of from ten meteorite showers from the comet
reports of red lights across the sky, to thirteen contacts. I was also warned Halley (!) or seismkral disturbances
muffled explosions and buildings that the contacts were approaching my . underground. The same program
shaking” . ..., plane, and they came on until I was told showed all the Air Force declarations I
A Coast Guard memo indicated that they were following behind me at a have presented above and held
that “ Dover Tower saw a bluish distance of 2 miles. I had to lower my interviews with Prof. Flavio Pereira,
shooting star at the same time and plane, for the lights had descended, and Comm. Britto and myself.
direction as the others reported.” I filed from that moment on they started to
C O N F U S IN G , continued
an F O IA request with Dover Air Force climb vertically. This was my visual
Base, Delaware, for any information contact. Then on my radar 1watched it 5) Papagiannis, Michael. “ A re we all
concerning the sighting of the object. A 112 miles ahead of me. This spot light alone, or could they be in the asteroid
March 26,1986 response to this request moved to 33,000 ft.” belt?” Quarterly Journal of the Royal
stated “ all documents, reports, logs and Another pilot said he observed Astronomical Society 19: 277-281.
tapes have been review ed for from his F-5 a spot of light on radar, and 1978.
information concerning the incident in then echoes of light at the tail of another 6) P a p a g ia n n is, M ic h a e l. “ T h e
question. In addition individuals on duty plane with 6 or 7 echoes on each side of Importance of Exploring the Asteroid
during the time of the stated incident the airship. Belt.” A cta Astronomica 10: 709-712.
have been questioned. This office has “ Does this mean that the plane was 1983. .
no information available on the pursued?” asked the reporter. 7) Sagan, Carl and Newman, William I.
reported incident of February 15, . “ Yes, because for a certain “ T h e S o lip s is t A p p r o a c h to
1986” . ■ ;. . . amount o f tim e, these ech oes .E x tr a te r r e s tr ia l In t e llig e n c e :”
In all of the instances mentioned accompanied the F-5.” This pilot Quarterly Journal of the Royal
since 1984,1have attempted to rule out added, “ There were thirteen lights Astronomical Society 24: 113-121.
re-entry of space debris by making altogether, six to the'left and seven to 1983.
9
MONTANA MOVIE
By James R. Leming
1 Since moving to Great Falls, continue elsew here — possibly willing to assist you in accomplishing
Montana in 1982, this author and sta ff. ’ Portland, Oregon. M U F O N cannot the following: ^
artist for the M U F O N UFO Journal has vouch for the veracity of the facts '■
■‘ 1.) All expenses.paid re-locatiori to
had the opportunity to conduct further disclosed, however we (MUF.ON) do a city of your choice for you and
in vestigation s . into the famous/ rely upon the author as a persistent, surviving members of your family!
infamous Nick Mariana/Great Falls, dedicated and ethical investigator.) 1 2. ) A job within the government
Montana motion picture film depicting It appears that the Mariana film structure on full payroll with benefits.
two round objects flying near a local gained considerable weight as evidence , 3. ) $10,000 in'cash...’’ '
baseball park. (There is debate after the reopening of the Blue Book
between the Condon Committee and investigations in 1952. (Quotations N E W JOB '
the Air Force Project Blue Book as to from The Report on Unidentified Flying
■whether the date in question was the Objects by the late Captain Edward J. As. a result o f this nocturnal visit,
fifth or the fifteenth of August 1950. ■Ruppelt will be included later in this Nick ‘seemed to indeed lose interest in
However, there is concurrence on the article.) The Mariana film created his filriri,1 and . ve ry rarely even
location and presence of the objects enough interest to prompt the visit of acknowledged its existence. Within two
since they were filmed passing behind tw o Air Force officers from nearby months he had re-located to Portland,
’ an existing water tower.) Malmstrom AFB, a /Strategic .Air Oregon, accepted a job with the Forest
The Great Falls, Montana and Command (S A C ) installation in Great Service (Dept.- o f 1the Interior), ahd
Tremonton, Utah motion picture films Falls, to Mr.; Mariana’s home in deposited a very large'sum. o f money
were analyzed by specialists assigned Novem ber of 1952. These officers came into a .local bank account. All of. the
to the Air Force Project Blue Book, to see Mariana with some very pointed above-mentioned points can be verified
then submitted to the Robertson Panel requests. These “responses” would not with the -exception of the exact dollar
(1953) as the tw o best pieces of be known today :.were it not for the amount mentioned. If Mariana shook
photographic evidence available to testimony o f a “ friend-of-a-friend” and a his head, in’’ either the affirmative or
date. The Panel consisted of the late babysitter whose father worked closely negative, L.M. could not determine
H.P. Robertson' Chairman; Samuel A. with Mariana. . . from his vantage point in the kitchen.
Goudsmit, Luis W . Alvarez, Thornton T h is is the first c a s e o f
Page, .and Lloyd V. Berkner, founding VISIT governnient/military coercion and
father o f the IG Y — International bribery that has been substantiated by
Geophysical Year. It was a week-night in November, independent witnesses that this author
It was this panel’s task to study and 1952, when Mr, L.M. (name on file with is aware of. (It is regrettable that this
evaluate the sighting reports on their M U F O N ) was visiting with his long-time conversation was not tape recorded.
own merit. Considering that at the close friend, Nick Mariana, at the An unfortunate oversight but as the
formation of the panel, the study' of latter’s home. They were enjoying interview was almost accidental in
U FO s had only a four and a half year something to drink and discussing the nature, better preparation was not
history, it was quite conceivable that a day’s events when a knock was heard at available. Steps to correct this problem
gathering o f such minds would only the front door. When Mariana opened are being pursued through additional
need a w eek or so to complete the the front, door, L.M. could plainly see an testimony.)
study. These photo images were also Air Force colonel and a major 1 The Project Blue Book staff
studied by Dr. R.M.L. Baker, Jr.,at that illuminated by the porchlight. They considered the Great Falls, Montana
time o f Computer Sciences, Inc., for introduced themselves and asked and Tremonton, Utah films to be the
the “ Condon Committee" at the permission to enter, stating that they highest quality photographic evidence
University of Colorado. had “matters to discuss" with Manana available to date. The best military
A post-filming investigation into and promised to be brief. L.M. excused photo labs in the country were used to
the personal and social life of Nicholas himself and went to the kitchen to examine the footage: the Air Force
Mariana, Sr., recently disclosed some refresh their drinks. While in the Photographic Laboratory at Wright
rather startling facts after 36 years of kitchen (only eight feet away from those • Field in Ohio (Wright-Patterson AFB ),
silence. (Editor's Note: The author is in the living room) L.M. overheard the an d th e " N a v a l P h o t o g r a p h ic
hereby sharing previously unknown following conversation; Laboratory at Anacostia, Maryland.
information with the Mutual U FO ...“ In exchange for a loss o f interest
Network so that future research might , in your film, we (the Air Force) are (continued on page 17)
10
F ig u r e 1
GREAT FALLS-The Mr Movie SIZE/TIM E RELATION GRAPH
1
UO S Y S T E M -L A S T FRAMES
U N IT S
Pasadena-based Ann Druffel is best objective worldwide sources. this article, Ann Druffel, veteran UFO
a regular contributor to the pages • A discussion of witness, profiles researcher and author in Southern
of the Journal. and reliability. California; William Hassel, Ph.D.,
•Physical phenomena associated M U F O N State Director for Southern
At last! A “crash course” for those with UFOs, including electrostatic, California, with a special interest in
with' newly-developing interest in magnetostatic effects and electromag theories of U FO propulsion; Richard
UFOs. Such persons, be they scientific netic effects, physical traces, and M. Neal, Jr. M.D. who specializes in
or lay, immediately want to begin photographic evidence. long-lasting physiological effects in CE
reading in the field. Where do they •Physiological and psychological III and CE IV cases; Ron Olch, a
turn? How do they choose the books effects of U FO close encounters on computer scientist whose expertise
which will give them objective, factual humans and animals. enabled this book to be, perhaps, the
information? H ow do they separate •T h e urgent need of “ immediacy” first computer-produced U FO book in
kooks from cults, or falsehood from in effective U FO research. history; Dennis Regan, PhD., noted in
facts? And even if they are fortunate •T h e public’s right to know what the field for his studies of tape-recorded
enough to be guided by some our government knows about UFOs. U FO sounds; Paul Smith, a UFO
knowledgeable person to the best .. ^Suggested techniques for more research veteran and determined
sources o f information, how do they efficient data-gathering. tracker of selected historical UFO
find time to read it all? •Objectives and suggested data cases; and Vincent Uhlenkott, who
. The Los Angeles U FO Research analysis techniques. slogged in the,sea o f California UFO
Group (L A U F O R G ) has provided an •IN T R O D U C T IO N T O ISSUES data sightings for many years while
answer for people who have begun to O F U FO RESEARCH, therefore, is a maintaining a special - interest in
search out F A C T S about these elusive perfect starting point for scientific, instrumented data and theoriesof UFO
objects. L A U F O R G has written a technical, and lay persons alike who: propulsion.
book, an information source unique in *W ish to know basic facts about There were other contributors,
the field. Entitled “ IN TR O D U C TIO N what has transpired in objective U FO including notably the late Barbara
T O ISSUES O F U FO RESEARCH” , it research during the past 40 years. Mathey, whose charm, intellect, and
is available for all those who have *W h o are newly inspired to learn lin g u istic a b ilitie s g r a c e d her
become interested in the U FO subject, about U FO s and wish summarized international inquiries in the field for
but who do not have the time to delve in fo rm a tio n reg a rd in g the best many years.
into the voluminous scientific and references to track down and read. IN TR O D U C TIO N T O ISSUES
objective literature produced since A s for you, readers o f the M U FO N O F U FO RESEARCH includes a
1947. U FO JO U R N AL, already knowledge comprehensive 9-page , index and
L A U F O R G is a small group of able about UFOs, at last there is O NE numerous bibliographical references. If
scien tists, engineers, and other book, reasonably priced, which you can the availability of this long-awaited
professional persons, who have place into the hands of friends, report intrigues you, and you are
combined their expertise and produced colleagues, government officials or anxious to see for yourself what our
a comprehensive summary on this potential funding sources which will unique research group has produced, '
worldwide phenomenon. The 94-page give them a comprehensive, easy-to- send $9.95 to LA U FO R G , P.O. Box
s o ft - c o v e r b o o k (p h o to c o p ie d ) read survey of solid, documented U FO 1421, Topanga, C A 90190. Price
combines a readable style with the best reports PLU S a methodology for includes postage and handling. Please
of referenced literature on such facets extended research into this important allow six to eight weeks for delivery.
of the field as: field of study. -
•T h e historical background of W ho are L A U F O R G ’s members
UFOs. and the authors of this newest
•History of Government-funded
U FO research.
contribution to U FO literature? They
include, in alphabetical order, Jerry
MUFON
• R e ce n t G o v e rn m e n t U F O Bernath, M.D., whose extensive
103 OLDTOW NE RD.
investigations. interest in UFOs runs the range of
•Classification techniques applied physiological effects to close-encounter SEGUIN, TX 78155
to different types of U FO sightings. victims to puzzling psychic effects
•Numerous sample cases from the reported in U FO cases; the author of
16
MONTANA, Continued
THE NIGHT S K Y
(Editor's Note: The nocturnal visit to By Walter N. Webb
the home o f Nick Mariana by the two
MUFON Astronom y Consultant
Air Force officers in November 1952,
may be partially su pported by
information gleaned from The Report
on Unidentified Flying Objects by December 1986
Edward J. Rupelt, former head o f Air
Force Project Blue Book, 1956, Bright Planets (Evening Sky):
D ou bleday, G arden C ity, N .Y .)
Quoting from the hardback edition, Th e two planets in the south during early evening hours are Jupiter and Mars,
starting on page 219, Captain Ruppelt both now in Aquarius. Mars, the dimmer and redder o f the pair, overtakes the
offers the following: bright giant during the month, passing only half a degree above Jupiter on the
“ The Montana Movie had been 18th, and ending up east of the big planet. Both worlds set in the west shortly
taken on August 15, 1950, by Nick before 11 PM in mid-December. The quarter Moon makes a triangle with the
Mariana, the manager o f the Great Falls two planets on the 7th. 1 ■
baseball team. It showed tw o . large
bright lights flying across the sky in Bright Planets (Morning Sky): -
echelon formation. There were no
clouds in the movie to give an indication Venus again reaches greatest brilliancy (magnitude -4.7), this time in the
of the U FO s’ speed, but at one time morning sky, on December 11. It rises in the east about 3:30 A M in midmonth
they passed behind a water tower. The and is well up in the SE at dawn. Th e brilliant planet’s crescent phase can be
lights didn’t show any detail; they seen in binoculars. Look for Venus not far from the real crescent Moon on the
appeared to be large circular objects. 27th and 28th.
“ Mariana had sent his movies to
the Air Force back in 1950, but in 1950 Saturn, in Ophiuchus, becomes increasingly, visible low in the SE toward
there was no interest in the U FO so, month’s end. A t that time it rises about 5:30 AM. Don’t confuse the planet with
after a quick viewing, Project Grudge the red star Antares to the right. .
had written them off as ‘ the reflections
from two F-94 jet fighters that were in Meteor Showers: ' ,
the area.’ (Editor’s Note; Philip Klass
accepts the 1950 decision, not the 1952 The Moon will bother observers trying to watch the two Decem ber meteor
analysis, since it meets with his prosaic • showers.. The Geminids, which radiate from a point near the star Castor in
explanations.) ' Gemini the Twins, peak on the morning of the 14th at a rate o f about 50 per
“ In 1952, at the request o f the hour. However, it might be best to watch them the previous morning between
Pentagon, I reopened the investigation moonset (about 4:30 A M ) and the start of twilight 'an hour later. The Ursids,
o f the Montana Movie. Working radiating from near the bowl o f the Little Dipper, suffer a similar fate from bright
through an intelligence officer at the moonlight on the 22nd.
Great Falls AFB, 1 had Mariana
reinterrogated and obtained a copy of Moon Phases: -
his movie, which 1sent to the photo lab.
“When the photo lab got the N ew moon-December 1
movie, they had a little something to First quarter-December 8
work with because the two U FGs had , Full moon-December 16
passed behind a reference point, the Last quarter-December 24
water tower. Their calculations quickly N ew moon-December 30
confirmed that the objects were not (Nearest Moon of the year)
birds, balloons or meteors. Balloons
drift with the wind arid the wind was not The Stars: . .
blowing in the direction that the two
U FO s were traveling. N o exact speeds While the faint autumn stars, move into the west, the brilliant luminaries of
could be measured, but the lab could winter gradually take their place in the east and SE. The Winter Circle stars
determine that the lights were traveling surround that most spectacular of constellations, Orion the Hunter. Follow the
too fast to be birds and too slow to be warrior’s belt stars left to the brightest nighttime star, Sirius the Dog Star; a line
meteors. through the belt to the right extends to Aldebaran, the right eye o f the Bull
“ This left airplanes as the only Taurus. ’ ’