INTRODUCTION OF

TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
 INTRODUCTION OF
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

LEARNING OUTCOMES

DEFINITION

CATEGORIES OF
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

ASSIGNMENT

REFERENCES
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of this course, you should be

able to:
1) Understand the definition of transport
phenomena.
2) Understand the three (3) types of transport
phenomena.
3) Explain the mechanisms of transport
phenomena.
What are the transport phenomena?
1) A transport phenomenon is any of various
mechanisms by which particles or quantities move
from one place to another.

2) Includes 3 closely related topics:

a) heat transfer – deals with the transport of energy.
b) fluid dynamics – involves the transport of
momentum.
c) mass transfer – concerned with the transport of
mass of various chemical species.
 There are three main categories of transport
phenomena:
TRANSPORT
PHENOMENA
CATEGORIES

HEAT TRANSFER MOMENTUM

MASS TRANSFER
•Definition TRANSFER
•Definition
•Types •Definition
•Example
•Example •Example
•Activity
•Activity •Activity
 HEAT TRANSFER
1) Deals with the transfer of energy and difference
in temperature is the driving force for the heat
transfer.
2) The process of increasing the kinetic energy of a
material's particles from a material of high
temperature to one of lower temperature.
3) Once the material at the same temperature, no
more energy can be transferred.
 CONDUCTION
The transfer of heat through solid objects
e.g: touch something hot

CONVECTION
Typical methods of The transfer of heat
heat transfer through liquids or gases
e.g: Heat from burner is
transferred to the
circulating water
RADIATION
The transfer of heat, in the form of
electromagnetic energy, through space.
e.g: Expose to the sun – felt warmth
Example: Molecular transport for conduction of heat
from a high-temperature region to a low-temperature
region through a metal rod, shown in Figure below.
What happen to the metal rod after a few minute?
rod

Flow Direction

When metal heated on one end, will soon be hot on the

other end too.
The hot molecules in the fire have more energy than the
cooler molecules of the other end rod. As the molecules
collide, energy is transferred from the hotter molecules to
the cooler molecules.
CLICK THE VIDEO..
 TRY YOURSELF!!!
Which one of the following pictures is conduction, convection
and radiation transport?
 ANSWER
Which one of the following pictures is conduction, convection
and radiation transport?
Convection
Radiation

Radiation

Radiation

Conduction

Conduction
OTHER EXAMPLES
 MOMENTUM TRANSPORT
1) Fluid flow is a simple example of momentum
transfer. The driving force for fluid flow is a
pressure difference.

2) On a molecular scale that means that the molecules

banging into each other transfer their momentum to
other molecules.

3) On a larger scale, these molecules banging into each

other determine how the fluid is going to flow that is,
if it will just flow smoothly (laminar), or if it will be
rough (turbulent).
Example: Water flow in a drinking fountain. What
will happen if the valve in a drinking fountain is
opened?

When the valve in a drinking fountain is opened, the

water flows out in a jet because the water pressure inside
the fountain is much higher than the atmospheric
pressure into which the jet discharges.
CLICK THE VIDEO..
 TRY YOURSELF!!!
Explain the momentum transport for each picture below:
 MASS TRANSPORT

1) Mass transfer deals with the transfer of mass.

Concentration is the driving force.

2) Once the concentration is the same everywhere,

no more mass transfer can take place.

3) If you take a glass of water and put one drop of

red dye in it. Even if you don't stir the water,
eventually the water is all the same pinkish color.
 Example: How the red dye spreads out in the water?

The red dye when it is first dropped into the water is at

a high concentration and the water is at zero
concentration. But, as the dye spreads out, the
concentration of the dye slowly increases, until, it is all
at the same low concentration everywhere. Once the
concentration of the dye in the water is the same
everywhere, no more mass transfer can take place.
 TRY YOURSELF!!!
Which one of the following pictures is NOT a mass transfer?
Explain..
 How are they all related?

• They all are similar in their behaviour.

• They all move stuff (Momentum, Heat, or Mass)

from a place where there is a lot of the “stuff” to a
place where there is less “stuff”.
 Analogist between all transport
Phenomena
 There is a driving force (momentum, temperature, or
concentration difference or 'gradient'), which becomes
smaller as time progresses, and eventually becomes
zero when no more transfer of ‘stuff’ takes place.
 Exercise…..

• Find ONE transportation applications for each

phenomena in chemical engineering field.
Explain.