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CONTROL DE POZO IWCF / IADC WELL CAP ▾ REALIMENTACIÓN

Conceptos de Barreras de Pozos

Bien barreras

Una barrera es un objeto que impide el flujo desde

una fuente. Las barreras de pozo impiden que los fluidos
o gases fluyan involuntariamente de una formación a otra
formación o vuelvan a la superficie.

Bien barreras

Elementos de barrera de pozo (WBE)

1. Barreras de fluidos (fluidos de perforación, salmuera)

2. Revestimiento y cemento

3. Cuerda de perforación

4. Perforación, cableado, tubería flexible o

reacondicionamiento de BOP

5. cabeza de pozo

6. Enchufe de tubo profundo

7. Packer de producción

8. Válvulas de seguridad apuñaladas

9. Cadena de finalización

10. Colgador de tubos

Barrera de pozo primario:

Barrera de perforación de pozo primario

This is the first object that prevents flow from a source.

This is generally provided by drilling fluids. Only
effective if the hydrostatic head of the wellbore fluid is
greater than the formation pressure.
 Primary Well Barriers

Secondary well barrier:

This is the second object that prevents flow from a

source. It provides the second line of defense in the
event of primary well barrier failure. This is generally
provided by cement, wellhead, BOP system or stab-in
safety valves.
 Secondary Well Barriers

The Well Barrier Envelope

Combinations of one or more well barrier elements

which surround or enclose the well to prevent flow of
fluids.
 Barrier Envelope

Well Barrier Acceptance Criteria

Well barrier acceptance criteria are technical and

operational requirements that need to be fulfilled in order
to qualify the well barrier or WBE for its intended use.

Well barrier(s) shall be defined prior to commencement of

an activity or operation by description of the required
WBE’s to be in place and the specific acceptance criteria.
The function of the well barrier and WBE shall be clearly
defined.

Acceptance Criteria for number of well barriers

• One well barrier in place during all well activities and

operations, including suspended or abandoned wells,
where a pressure differential exists that may cause
uncontrolled cross flow in the wellbore between formation
zones.

• Two well barriers available during all well activities and

operations, including suspended or abandoned wells,
where a pressure differential exists that may cause
uncontrolled outflow from the
borehole/well to the external environment.

Leak and Function Testing of Well Barriers

It is important that mechanical barrier is to be tested to

ensure that they are holding pressure & it must be tested
preferably from the direction of anticipated flow.

If it is not possible (e.g. in case of plug) to apply pressure

below the barrier (i.e. direction of flow) to test that it is
holding pressure then the best solution is to inflow test the
barrier element.

Occasionally it may not be possible to pressure test from

below or to inflow test, in that case the only option is to
pressure test the devise from above (i.e against the flow
direction) provided the barrier is constructed to seal in
both direction.

Fluid is also to be tested as barrier if it provides

hydrostatic overbalance.

Routine for Leak and Function Testing of Well

Barriers

This table gives the frequency of leak and function tests to

be carried out for well barrier elements (BOPs, well
control equipments, etc.). It also states the pressures at
which leak tests should be done for different well control
equipments and other guidelines for testing BOPs and
well control equipments.
 Well Barriers Routine Testing

Inflow Test or Negative Test or Negative Differential

Test:

A test in which the hydrostatic pressure is reduced

such that the net differential pressure direction is from
the formation into the well bore. Inflow tests are
generally carried out to verify if there is
communication with the formation through the
casing, a liner lap or past a cement plug (bridge
plug).

Most of the applications are in connection with

testing or squeezed off perforations and casing leaks,
testing liner laps, float shoes and float collars, cement
plugs and bridge plugs.

Inflow Test Procedure:

An inflow test is performed by reducing the hydrostatic

head above the item to be tested by circulating to a lighter
fluid and watching for a pressure build up that would
show that the barrier element is leaking. It is normal in
this situation to bleed down to approximately 100 psi or
any suitable amount that can still see on a surface pressure
gauge. It is then much easier to see a small build up on the
pressure gauge if the barrier is leaking.
Actions to be taken on when drilling BOP and control
systems fail leak or function tests

Barrier Element Actions to be taken when

failure to test

Annular Preventer Repair Immediately.

Shear ram If WBE, repair

immediately.

Pipe ram (upper, middle, If WBE, repair

lower) immediately if no other
pipe rams is available for
that pipe size.

Rams that failed to test to

be repaired at a convenient
time.

Choke valves, inner/outer If both valves in series

Kill valves, inner/outer have failed, repair
immediately. If one valve
in series has failed,

repair after having set

casing.

Marine riser choke and kill If one has failed, repair

line * immediately.
 Yellow and blue pod * If both have failed, repair
immediately. If one has
failed, repair at a
convenient time.

Acoustic – shear ram * Same as for shear ram.

Acoustic – pipe rams * If one or more have failed,

repair after having set
casing if size is covered
by another

ram. If not, repair

immediately.

Floating Installations Immediately: Stop

Nomenclature: operation and temporary
abandon well. After
having set casing:

Carry on with the

operation and repair after
having set the next casing.

Convenient time:
Applicable for WBE’s that
are not required.

Documentación de fugas y pruebas de funcionamiento

de barreras de pozos.

Todas las pruebas de integridad del pozo deben ser

documentadas y aceptadas por una persona autorizada.
Esta persona autorizada puede ser el perforador, el
empujador de herramientas, el supervisor de perforación e
intervención de pozos o el representante del proveedor de
equipos y servicios.

La tabla y la documentación de la prueba deben contener

• Tipo de prueba,

• Presión de prueba,

• Prueba de fluido,

• Sistema o componentes probados,

• Volumen estimado del sistema presurizado,

• Volumen bombeado

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