Taxonomy of [some] Critical Thinking Theories

Learning Styles/Bio-Neurological Processes of Self (in Culture &

Models Developmental Categories of Cognitive Skills
Modes of Thought Society)
William Perry David Kolb Benjamin Bloom Richard Paul and Linda Elder
o Dualism o Concrete Experience o Knowledge o Information and belief-generating
o Multiplism o Observation and Reflection o Comprehension and processing skills
o Relativism o Abstract Concepts o Application o Habits of intellectual commitment
o Commitment in Relativism o Testing o Analysis guiding behavior
o Synthesis
o Evaluation

Belenky et. al. James Zull Diane Halpern Donald Schön

o Silence
o Received Knowledge
o Subjective Knowledge
o Procedural Knowledge
o Constructed Knowledge
o Sensory cortex
o Back integrative cortex
o Front integrative cortex
o Motor cortex
o Retrieval of Knowledge
o Drawing Conclusions
o Argument Analysis
o Understanding Probabilities
o Decision Making
o Problem Solving
o Hypothesis Testing
o Creative Thinking
o Reflective practice
§ Knowing-in-action
§ Reflection-in-action
§ Reflection-on-reflection-in-
action
o Predicament of learning
§ Self education
§ Doing before understanding
§ Risk

Susan Wolcott Jerome Bruner Dee Fink Stephen Brookfield

o Confused Fact Finder o Paradigmatic (scientific, logical) o Significant Learning o Productive, positive, lived
o Biased Jumper construction of reality § Learning how to Learn o Process
o Perpetual Analyzer o Narrative construction of reality § Foundational Knowledge o Context-specific
o Pragmatic Performer § Enactive § Application o Emotive and rational
o Strategic Revisioner § Iconic § Integration
§ Symbolic § Human Dimension Critical reflection
• § Caring o Challenging assumptions
• § Contextual awareness
o Imagining/exploring alternatives
§ Reflective skepticism

Giants Piaget/Vygotsky/Dewey Maslow/Dewey/Late Bruner

What holds them together = Compiled by Tine Reimers, University at Albany
1) Judgment of evidence leading to new behavior (narrative with consequences) creimers@albany.edu
2) Self-appropriation of knowledge that makes #1 possible (attitude)