TOEFL IN

RESISTOR
Reading and Structure

By:
Alif Bagaskara (1720201045)
Muhammad Fachri (1720201086)
 GENERAL DIRECTIONS

1. This section of the test is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that
is appropriate in standard written English. There are two parts to this section with
special direction for each
Part one : Reading comprehension
Part two : Structure
Before you begin each part, carefully read the directions.
2. Put all of your answer on the answer sheet.
3. Carefully and completely choose your answer for each question. If you change your
mind about an answer after you marked it on your answer sheet, completely erase
your old answer and then mark your new answer.
4. Try to answer every problem even if you are not sure of the answer. Your score on the
test will depend on the number of correct answers you have given.
 Part 1

Resistor

Resistor was discovered by the year 1827 from Georg Simon Ohm, a German
electrician. Ohm was born in Germany, in the city of Erlangen at 1787 and died at 1854.
Georg Simon Ohm noticed that different materials that are considered as electrically
conductive, will not allow the current to flow within their body with the same ease. The
difficulty that each material had to do with some parameters such as the type of the material
and some external factors such as the temperature or the humidity of the atmosphere. G.S.Ohm
described this behavior and gave the name "Resistance".

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines.
High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used as
part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators.
Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as a volume
control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.

Resistor color code

The resistance value and tolerance are indicated with several colored bands around the
component body. This marking technique of electronic components was already developed in
the 1920’s. Printing technology was still not far developed, what made printed numerical codes
too difficult on small components. Nowadays, the color code is still used for most axial
resistors.
Difficult Word Pronoun Spelling Meaning
Humidity /(h)yumiditē/ Kelembaban
Dissipate /disəpāt/ Menghilang
Nowadays /nouədāz/ Sekarang
 Translation

Resistor

Resistor ditemukan pada tahun 1827 oleh Georg Simon Ohm, seorang ahli kelistrikan
Jerman. Ohm lahir di Jerman, di kota Erlangen pada 1787 dan meninggal pada 1854.
Georg Simon Ohm meneliti bahwa material berbeda yang dianggap penghantar listrik,
tidak membiarkan arus untuk mengalir ke bagian mereka dengan ketenangan yang sama.
Kesulitan pada setiap material tersebut, ada kaitannya dengan beberapa parameter seperti jenis
bahan dan beberapa faktor eksternal seperti temperatur atau kelembapan udara. G.S Ohm
menjelaskan keadaan ini dan memberinya nama “Ketahanan”.

Resistor adalah komponen listrik dua terminal pasif yang mengimplementasikan

hambatan listrik sebagai dasar elemen rangkaian. Di rangkaian elektronik, resistor digunakan
untuk menurunkan tegangan, menyesuaikan level sinyal, membagi tegangan listrik, elemen
aktif biasan, dan mematikan jalur transmisi. Resistor berkekuatan tinggi dapat menghilangkan
banyak daya listrik seperti panas, dapat digunakan juga untuk bagian kontrol motor dalam
sistem distribusi tenaga, atau sebagai penguji muatan untuk generator.
Resistor tetap memiliki ketahanan hanya pada perubahan yang sedikit pada suhu, waktu
atau tegangan. Resistor variabel dapat digunakan untuk menyesuaikan rangkaian (seperti
kontrol volume atau lampu dimmer), atau sebagai pengindraan untuk panas, cahaya,
kelembaban, gaya, atau aktivitas kimia.

Kode Warna Resistor

Nilai ketahanan dan toleransi diindikasikan dengan beberapa ikatan berwarna di sekitar
bagian komponen. Teknik penandaan komponen elektronik ini sudah dikembangkan di tahun
1920-an. Teknologi printing masih belum jauh dikembangkan, yang membuat kode nomor
bercetak sangat sulit dicetak pada komponen kecil. Saat ini, kode warna masih digunakan pada
kebanyakan resistor axial.
 Part one

Reading Comprehension

Direction: In this Section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of
questions about it. You are to choose the one best answer : (A), (B), (C), or (D) to each question.
Then on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. This section in designed to measure
your ability to read and understand passages. Answer all question about the information ion a
passage on the basis what is implied or stated in the passage.

Example :

Read The Following

Resistor was discovered by the year 1827 from Georg Simon Ohm, a German
electrician. Ohm was born in Germany, in the city of Erlangen at 1787 and died at 1854.

Question
Who is Georg Simon Ohm?
a. a scientist
b. a electrician
c. a dentist
d. a driver
The answer is b, because Georg Simon Ohm is a German electrician

1. What is a Resistor?
a. is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a
circuit element.
b. is a different materials that are considered as electrically conductive.
c. the type of the material and some external factors such as the temperature or the humidity
of the atmosphere
d. is the resistance value
 The answer is a, because a resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Based on paragraph 3.

2. What was discovered by Georg Simon Ohm?

a. Electromagnetic
b. Printing Technology
c. Resistor
d. Electricity
The answer is c, because resistor was discovered by G.S Ohm. Based on paragraph 1

3. In electronic circuits, what the role of the resistor?

a. Bias active elements
b. Loads for generators
c. Power distribution
d. Adjust circuit elements
The answer is a, because in electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow,
adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission
lines. Based on paragraph 3 line 2.

4. When G.S Ohm was born?

a. at 1678
b. at 1787
c. at 1878
d. at 1945
The answer is b, because Ohm was born in Germany, in the city of Erlangen at 1787. Based
on paragraph 1.

5. When was marking technique of electronic components already developed?

a. 1910’s
b. 1880’s
c. 1000 BC
d. 1920’s
 The answer is d, because This marking technique of electronic components was already
developed in the 1920’s. Based on paragraph 5.

6. The word “humidity” (in paragraph 2) is closest meaning to?

a. Empty
b. Flow
c. Dampness
d. Darkness
The answer is c, because closest meaning from “Humidity” is “Dampness” that meaning in
Indonesia is (Kelembaban).

7. Where Georg Simon Ohm was born?

a. in Germany, in the city of Erlangen
b. in Russia, in the city of Moscow
c. in America, in the city of Arizona
d. in England, in the city of Dover
The answer is a, because Ohm was born in Germany, in the city of Erlangen. Based on
paragraph 1.

8. What type of resistor that can be as test loads for generators?

a. Low-End-Power Resistor
b. Low-Power Resistor
c. Medium-Power Resistor
d. High-Power Resistor
The answer is d, because High-power resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical
power as heat, may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as
test loads for generators. Based on paragraph 3

9. How the resistance value and tolerance are indicated?

a. With several colored bands around the component body
b. With temperature
c. Lamp dimmer
 d. Heat
The answer is a, because The resistance value and tolerance are indicated with several
colored bands around the component body. Based on paragraph 5

10. The word “Dissipate” (Paragraph 3 line 3) is closest meaning to?

a. Disparticipate
b. Dissapear
c. Disseminate
d. Dissent
The answer is b, because closest meaning from “Dissipate” is “Dissapear” that meaning in
Indonesia is (Menghilang).

Part Two

Structure and Written Expression

Direction : In this section you will see four underlined words or phrases (A), (B), (C), (D) in
each sentence. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for
the sentences to be correct. Then on your answer sheet, find the number of the section and fill
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following example:

Resistor is discovered by the year 1827 from Georg Simon Ohm

A B C D
The answer is A. Should be “was” because the sentences used past tense. Because recounting
events that occurred in the past
Now let’s begin to the structure and written test

1. Ohm went born in Germany, in the city of Erlangen at 1787 and died at 1854.
A B C D
The answer is A. Should be “was”. Because recounting events that occurred in the past

2. Georg Simon Ohm notice that different materials that are considered as electrically
A B C
conductive, will not allow the current to flow within their body with the same ease.
D
The answer is A. Should be “noticed”. Because G.S Ohm noticed that in the past.

3. A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

A B
resistance was a circuit element.
C D
The answer is C. Should be “as”. Because that sentence is describe what resistor is.

4. The difficulty that each material has to do with some parameters such as the type of the
A B
material and some external factors such as the temperature or the humidity of the
C D
atmosphere.
The answer is A. Should be “had” because the sentences used past perfect tense or present
perfect tense. Because on paragraph 1, recounting events that occurred in the past

5. Ohm was born in Germany, in the city of Erlangen on 1787

A B C D
The answer is D. Should be “at” because the year should be begin by preposition “at”.
 6. Fixed resistors had resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or operating
A B C D
voltage.
The answer is A. Should be “have” because the sentences use present perfect tense.

7. Nowadays, the color code are still used for most axial resistors.
A B C D
The answer is B. Should be “is“ because the color code is singular subject. so we should use
preposition “is”.

8. In electronic circuits, resistors are using to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to
A B C
divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines.
D
The answer is B. Should be “used” because the sentences used past perfect tense.so we
should use preposition “used”.

9. G.S.Ohm described this behavior and give the name "Resistance".

A B C D
The answer is D. Should be “gave” because the sentences used past tense.

10. This marking technique of electronic components is already developed in the 1920’s.
A B C D
The answer is C. Should be “was” because the sentences used past tense.