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MATERIALS
Welcome!
The unit of competency, “Participate in Workplace Communication” is one of the BASIC
COMPETENCIES of SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) NC II.
This learning material contains activities for you to complete. It covers knowledge, skills and
attitudes required to complete the competency: Participate in Workplace Communication
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete each of the
learning outcomes of this module. In each learning outcome are Information Sheets, Self-Check, Task
Sheets and Job Sheets. Follow and perform the activities on your own. If you have questions, please do
not hesitate to call the attention of your trainer or facilitator for assistance.
Remember to:
Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize your training on this unit. Read
through the Competency Based Learning Material carefully. It is divided into sections which
covers all the skills and knowledge you need to successfully complete this module.
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor. He will be there to assist you and show
you the correct way to do things. Ask for help if you need one.
Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider when doing the activity.
It is important that you listen and take note.
Answer Self-checks at the end of each section to test your own progress.
When you are through with each element, and feel ready to demonstrate the activities outlined in
the learning material, approach your trainer.
As you are working through with the activities, your trainer is taking notes of your performance.
He will provide you with feedbacks on your progress. Your readiness for assessment will reflect
on the report whether you successfully completed each element.
After completion of the module and you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, you
may request your trainer to arrange an appointment with a registered assessor for your
assessment. The result of the assessment will be recorded in your Competency Achievement
Record.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module the students/ trainees will be able to:
Parts of a speech
A category to which a word is assigned in accordance with its syntactic functions. In English
the main parts of speech are noun, pronoun, adjective, determiner, verb, adverb, preposition,
conjunction, and interjection.
NOUN
This part of a speech refers to words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places,
ideas, or events. Nouns are the simplest among the 8 parts of speech, which is why they are the first
ones taught to students in primary school.
Examples:
1. Tom Hanks is very versatile.
The italicized noun refers to a name of a person.
2. Dogs can be extremely cute.
In this example, the italicized word is considered a noun because it names an animal.
3. It is my birthday.
The word “birthday” is a noun which refers to an event.
PRONOUN
A pronoun is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun.
Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.
Sample Sentences:
1. Janice is a very stubborn child. She just stared at me and when I told her to stop.
2. The largest slice is mine.
3. We are number one.
The italicized words in the sentences above are the pronouns in the sentence.
Sample Sentences:
1. The carvings are intricate.
The italicized word describes the appearance of the noun “carvings.”
2. I have two hamsters.
The italicized word “two,” is an adjective which describes the number of the noun “hamsters.”
3. Wow! That doughnut is huge!
The italicized word is an adjective which describes the size of the noun “doughnut.”
VERB
This is the most important part of a speech, for without a verb, a sentence would not exist.
Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a
sentence.
Examples of “State of Being Verbs”: am, is, was, are, and were
Sample Sentences:
1. As usual, the Storm troopers missed their shot.
The italicized word expresses the action of the subject “Storm troopers.”
2. They are always prepared in emergencies.
The verb “are” refers to the state of being of the pronoun “they,” which is the subject in the sentence.
ADVERB
Just like adjectives, adverbs are also used to describe words, but the difference is that adverbs
describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
PREPOSITION
This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.
Examples of Prepositions: above, below, throughout, outside, before, near, and since
Sample Sentences:
1. Micah is hiding under the bed.
The italicized preposition introduces the prepositional phrase “under the bed,” and tells where Micah
is hiding.
2. During the game, the audience never stopped cheering for their team.
CONJUNCTION
The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.
Examples of Conjunctions: and, yet, but, for, nor, or, so, and because
Sample Sentences:
1. This cup of tea is delicious and very soothing.
2. Kiyoko has to start all over again because she didn’t follow the professor’s instructions.
3. Homer always wanted to join the play, but he didn’t have the guts to audition.
The italicized bold words in the sentences above are some examples of conjunctions.
INTERJECTION
This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions. Since interjections are commonly used to
convey strong emotions, they are usually followed by an exclamation point.
Examples of Interjections: Ouch! Hurray! Hey!
Sample Sentences:
1. Ouch! That must have hurt.
2. Hurray, we won!
3. Hey! I said enough!
The bold words attached to the main sentences above are some examples of interjections.
FINAL THOUGHTS
You must familiarize yourself with the different parts of speech discussed in this article because
they are among the most fundamental concepts that you will encounter throughout your study of
grammar. An in-depth knowledge of this topic will not only make you a better writer, but an effective
communicator as well.
PARTS OF A SENTENCE
SENTENCE - A group of word that expresses a complete idea or thought. A sentence begins with
capital letter and ends with a period, question mark or exclamation mark.
Example:
1. He bought a book.
The above group of words “He bought a book” expresses a complete though hence it is a
sentence.
SUBJECT
In general, the subject refers to the part of the sentence which tells whom or what the sentence is
addressing. The subject is going to be either a noun or a noun phrase.
PREDICATE
Let us return to our example "Kelly walked down the street." In this sentence, "walked" is
the predicate because it is the verb that tells us what Kelly is doing. A sentence can have just a subject
and a predicate. For example, you could just say "Kelly walked" and you have a complete sentence.
Here are the types of predicates.
1. Simple predicate: Harry ate his apple.
2. Full predicate: The mouse slowly ran towards the food.
3. Compound predicate: She both laughed and cried at the film.
The underlined words are the predicate in each sentence.
CLAUSE
A clause is usually some sort of additional information to the sentence. We could say "They like
ice cream." However, we could also say "They like ice cream on hot days." "They like ice cream" can
stand by itself, but "on hot days" adds something extra to the sentence. Therefore, "on hot days" is a
clause.
PHRASE
A phrase is sort of like a dependent clause. It is a group of words that cannot stand alone as a
sentence, but it can be used to add something to a sentence.
MODIFIER
As you can see from above, there are many different types of ways to add additional information
to a sentence. All of these examples are known under the general category of modifiers.
Examples
He goes to school
He likes to play chess.
They are singing a song.
2. Interrogative Sentence
A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence ends
with question mark.
Examples.
Where are you going?
Do you use your laptop?
3. Imperative Sentence
A sentence that expresses a request, command or advice is called an imperative sentence.
Examples
Open the door. (an order)
Please help me. (a request)
4. Exclamatory Sentence
A sentence that expresses strong feelings or emotions is called an exclamatory sentence. These
sentences express surprise, joy, sorrow, appreciation, love excitement, frustration, anger etc. An
exclamatory sentence ends with exclamation mark.
Examples
What a beautiful flower it is!
How nicely she is singing!
That is fantastic!
Hurrah! We won the match!
The three elements are dynamically interrelated since each element is dependent on the others
for effective communication to take place.
S M R
Feedback
Verbal Communication
In industries a large proportion of communication is verbal or spoken. This may occur face-to-
face or via telephones or two-way radios. For verbal communication to be effective both the speaker and
the listener need to be actively engaged in the conversation.
The speaker should be clear, concise, and courteous and use a style of language that is
appropriate to the situation and the audience. The information should be accurate to the best of the
speaker’s knowledge. The tone of voice and body language used when speaking are often as important
as the words themselves.
The listener should give the speaker their full attention and be sure that they clearly understand
the message being conveyed. Again, body language is very important. Good listening skills are
necessary when receiving instruction or being taught new procedures.
Questions should be asked by the listener to clarify the meaning and by the speaker to ensure that
the information has been fully understood. There are three types of questions:
1. Closed questions are used to obtain a particular piece of information. They are usually
answered with a yes or no or with a limited response. For example:
3. Reflective questions, also called mirror questions, are used to show the speaker that you have
been actively listening to them. They are also helpful when encouraging a person to express their
opinions clearly. For example:
Good speaking, listening and questioning skills are essential when communicating via the
telephone or two-way radios to ensure that the correct information has been received.
There are a number of barriers that reduce the effectiveness of verbal communication. These
include:
inappropriate choice of language style
inappropriate body language
disruptions
noise in the proximity and/or a poor signal
relevance of the topic to the listener
Assumptions made by both the speaker and listener.
Non-verbal communication
A significant aspect of face-to-face communication is non-verbal body language. This includes
body posture, arm and hand positions, facial expressions, and eye-contact and hand gestures.
Sometimes a conflicting message may be given because the words spoken do not match a speaker’s
body language.
Good observation skills are needed to ‘read’ what is really being communicated. Being aware of
cues and signals is a crucial skill in understanding people’s attitudes.
Personal presentation, dress and hygiene also contribute to the impression a person makes
when they are communicating.
Recognizing the various barriers to communication further enhances the flow of ideas
between an instructor and the student. The instructor must develop communication skills in
order to convey desired information to the students and must recognize that communication
is a two-way process. In the end, the true test of whether successful communication has
taken place is to determine if the desired results have been achieved.
Lack of common experience. Many people seem to believe that words transport meanings from
speaker to listener in the same way that a truck carries bricks from one location to another. A
communicator's words cannot communicate the desired meaning to another person unless the
listener or reader has had some experience with the objects or concepts to which these words refer.
Confusion between the Symbol and the Symbolized Object. Languages abound with words that
mean different things to different people. Confusion between the symbol and the symbolized object
results when a word is confused with what it is meant to represent. Although it is obvious that words
and the connotations they carry can be different, people sometimes fail to make the distinction.
Words and symbols do not always represent the same thing to every person.
Overuse of Abstractions. Abstractions are words that are general rather than specific. Concrete
words or terms refer to objects that people can relate directly to their experiences. They specify an
idea that can be perceived or a thing that can be visualized. Abstract words, on the other hand, stand
Interference. Barriers to effective communication are usually under the direct control of the
sender/encoder. However, interference is made up of factors that are outside the direct control of
the sender/encoder: physiological, environmental, and psychological interference. To communicate
effectively, the sender should consider the effects of these factors.
Psychological interference is any biological problem that may inhibit symbol reception, such as
hearing loss, injury or physical illness. These, and other physiological factors, can inhibit communication
because the student is not comfortable.
Environmental interference is caused by external physical conditions. One example of this is the
noise level found in many light aircraft. Noise not only impairs the communication process, but also can
result in long- term damage to hearing.
Psychological interference is a product of how the sender and the receiver feel at the time the
communication process is occurring. If either sender or receiver is not committed to the communication
process, communication is impaired. Fear of the situation or mistrust between the sender and receiver
could severely inhibit the flow of information.
Communication Systems
Downward communication. Communication flows from the superiors to its subordinates.
Upward communication. The communication flows from the subordinates to its superiors.
Lateral communication. Communication flows from functional areas at a given level of the
organization or hospital.
Diagonal communication. The communication flows from a subordinate of a certain level to the
superior of another level and vice versa.
Grapevine. It stretches throughout the organization in all directions irrespective of authority.
Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer from the given choices.
Multiple Choice
1. This part of a speech basically refers to words that specify location or a location in time.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Preposition
2. This part of a speech refers to words which express emotions.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Interjection
d. Adverb
3. Used to describe words, but the difference is that it describe adjectives, verbs, or another adverb.
a. Noun
b. Pronoun
c. Interjection
d. Adverb
4. The conjunction is a part of a speech which joins words, phrases, or clauses together.
a. Conjunction
b. Pronoun
c. Interjection
d. Adverb
5. This part of speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun
a. Conjunction
b. Pronoun
c. Adjective
d. Adverb