Job No.

Sheet 1 of 6 Rev B
Job Title ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Department of Civil and Mining Engineering Subject Design Example 7 – Shear resistance of plate girder
Division of Steel Structures, University
Campus, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Tel: +46 920 91 000
Fax: +46 920 91 913 Client Made by AO Date June 2002
CALCULATION SHEET ECSC Checked by AT Date Oct 2002
Revised by MEB Date April 2006

DESIGN EXAMPLE 7 – SHEAR RESISTANCE OF PLATE GIRDER

Design a plate girder with respect to shear resistance. The girder is a simply supported
I-section with a span according to the figure below. The top flange is laterally restrained.

FEd = 440 kN

hw

bf

1250 1250

Use material grade 1.4462, hot rolled. Table 3.1

fy = 460 N/mm2 Section 3.2.4
E = 200 000 N/mm2

Try a cross section with

Flanges: 12 × 200 mm2
Web: 4 × 500 mm2
Stiffeners: 12 × 98 mm2
Weld throat thickness: 4 mm

Structural analysis
Maximum shear and bending moment are obtained as
F 440
V Ed = Ed = = 220 kN
2 2
F L 440 × 2,5
M Ed = Ed = = 275 kNm
4 4

Partial safety factors

γM0 = 1,1 Table 2.1
γM1 = 1,1

Classification of the cross-section Section 4.3

235 200
ε = = 0,698 Table 4.2
460 210

149
 Job No. Sheet 2 of 6 Rev B
Job Title ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Department of Civil and Mining Engineering Subject Design Example 7 – Shear resistance of plate girder
Division of Steel Structures, University
Campus, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Tel: +46 920 91 000
Fax: +46 920 91 913 Client Made by AO Date June 2002
CALCULATION SHEET ECSC Checked by AT Date Oct 2002
Revised by MEB Date April 2006

Web, subject to bending Table 4.2

c 500 − 2 × 2 × 4
= = 175 > 74,8 , therefore the web is Class 4.
tε 4 × 0,698
Flange, subject to compression Table 4.2
c 200 − 4 − 2 × 2 × 4
= = 11,0 ≤ 11,0 , therefore the compression flange is Class 3.
tε 2 × 12 × 0,698
Thus, overall classification of cross-section is Class 4.

Shear resistance Section 5.4.3

23
The shear buckling resistance requires checking when hw / t w ≥ ε kτ for vertically
η
stiffened webs.
a/hw = 1250/500 > 1, hence
2 2
h   500 
kτ = 5,34 + 4 w  = 5,34 + 4  = 5,98 Eq. 5.16a
 a   1250 
EN 1993-1-4 recommended value for η = 1,2 Section 5.4.3
500 23
hw/tw = = 125 ≥ 0,698 5,98 = 32,7
4 1,2
Therefore the shear buckling resistance has to be checked. It is obtained as
η f yw hw t w 1,2 × 460 × 500 × 4 Eq. 5.12a
Vb,Rd = Vbw,Rd + Vbf,Rd ≤ = = 579,47 kN
3 γ M1 3 × 1,1
χ w f yw hw t w
Vbw,Rd = Eq. 5.12b
3 γ M1
χw = η = 1,2 for λ w ≤ 0,60 η = 0,5 Eq. 5.13a
0,64 0,05
χw = 0,11 + − for λ w > 0,60 η = 0,5 Eq. 5.13b
λw λ w2
 hw 
λw =   Eq. 5.15
 37,4t ε k 
 w τ 

 500 
λw =   = 1,958 > 0,60 η = 0,5
 37,4 × 4 × 0,698 × 5,98 
 
Hence the contribution from the web is obtained as:
0,64 0,05
χw = 0,11 + − = 0,424
1,958 1,9582

150
 Job No. Sheet 3 of 6 Rev B
Job Title ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Department of Civil and Mining Engineering Subject Design Example 7 – Shear resistance of plate girder
Division of Steel Structures, University
Campus, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Tel: +46 920 91 000
Fax: +46 920 91 913 Client Made by AO Date June 2002
CALCULATION SHEET ECSC Checked by AT Date Oct 2002
Revised by MEB Date April 2006

χ w f yw hw t w 0,424 × 460 × 500 × 4

Vbw,Rd = = = 204,74 kN
3γ M1 3 × 1,1
The contribution from the flanges may be utilised if the flanges are not fully utilised in Section 5.4.3
withstanding the bending moment. The bending resistance of a cross section consisting of
the flanges only is obtained as
460
Mf,Rd = 12 × 200 × × (500 + 12) = 513,86 kNm
1,1
Mf,Rd > MEd = 275 kNm, therefore the flanges can contribute to the shear buckling
resistance.

bf tf2 f yf   M Ed  
2
Vbf,Rd = 1−    Eq. 5.17
cγ M1   M f,Rd  
 
 3,5 bf t f2 f yf  c
c = a 0,17 +  but ≤ 0,65
 t w hw2 f yw  a

 3,5 × 200 × 12 2 × 460 

= 1250 × 0,17 +  = 338 mm < 0.65 × 1250 = 812 mm
 4 × 500 2 × 460 

200 × 12 2 × 460   275  

2
Vbf,Rd = × 1 −    = 25,43 kN
338 × 1,1   513,86  
Vb,Rd = Vbw,Rd + Vbf,Rd = 230,17 kN ≤ 579,47 kN

Transverse stiffeners Section 5.4.5

The transverse stiffeners have to be checked for crushing and flexural buckling using
α = 0,49, λ0 = 0,2. An effective cross section consisting of the stiffeners and parts of
the web is then used. The part of the web included is 11ε t w wide, therefore the cross
section of the transverse stiffener is Class 3.

a / hw = 1250 / 500 = 2,5 ≥ 2 , hence the second moment of area of the intermediate Eq. 5.37
stiffener has to fulfil
I st ≥ 0,75 hw t w3 = 0,75 × 500 × 43 = 24000 mm4 Eq. 5.37

(11× 0,698 × 4) × 43 12 × 200 3

Ist = 2× + = 8,00 × 10 6 mm4, hence fulfilled.
12 12
The crushing resistance is obtained as
Nc,Rd = As fy/γM0 Eq. 4.25
As = (12 × 200 + 11× 0,698 × 4 × 2) = 2461,42 mm2

151
 Job No. Sheet 4 of 6 Rev B
Job Title ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Department of Civil and Mining Engineering Subject Design Example 7 – Shear resistance of plate girder
Division of Steel Structures, University
Campus, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Tel: +46 920 91 000
Fax: +46 920 91 913 Client Made by AO Date June 2002
CALCULATION SHEET ECSC Checked by AT Date Oct 2002
Revised by MEB Date April 2006

Nc,Rd = 2461,42 × 460 / 1,1 = 1029,32 kN

The flexural buckling resistance is obtained as
Nb,Rd = χ As fy / γM1 Eq. 5.2a
1
χ = ≤ 1
[
ϕ + ϕ − λ2
2
] 0,5 Eq. 5.3

ϕ = 0,5 (1 + α (λ − λ ) + λ )0
2 Eq. 5.4

Lcr 1 f yw
λ = Eq. 5.5a
i π E
Lcr = 0,75hw = 0,75 × 500 = 375 mm Section 5.4.5
375 1 460 × 1
λ = = 0,100
8 × 106 π 200000
2461,42

ϕ (
= 0,5 × 1 + 0,49 × (0,100 − 0,2 ) + 0,100 2 ) = 0,481
1
χ = = 1,05 > 1 ⇒ χ = 1,0
[
0,481 + 0,481 2 − 0,100 2 ] 0,5

Since Nb,Rd = Nc,Rd > NEd, the transverse stiffeners are sufficient.

Interaction shear and bending

If the utilization of shear resistance, expressed as the factor η 3 , exceeds 0,5, the Section 5.4.3
combined effect of bending and shear has to be checked.
VEd
η3 = ≤ 1,0 Eq. 5.23
Vbw,Rd
220
η3 = = 1,075 > 0,5 , therefore interaction has to be considered.
204,74
The condition is
 M f, Rd 
η 1 + 1 −
 
M pl, Rd  3 ( )
 2η − 1 2 ≤ 1,0 for η ≥
1
M f,Rd
M pl,Rd
Eq. 5.21

Where:
M Ed Eq. 5.22
η1 =
M pl, Rd

152
 Job No. Sheet 5 of 6 Rev B
Job Title ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Department of Civil and Mining Engineering Subject Design Example 7 – Shear resistance of plate girder
Division of Steel Structures, University
Campus, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Tel: +46 920 91 000
Fax: +46 920 91 913 Client Made by AO Date June 2002
CALCULATION SHEET ECSC Checked by AT Date Oct 2002
Revised by MEB Date April 2006

Calculation of effective cross-section properties.

The flanges are Class 3 and hence fully effective.
The depth of the web has to be reduced with the reduction factor ρ, welded web.
0,772 0,125
ρ = − ≤1 Eq. 4.1a
λp λ p2
b/t
λp = where b = d = 500 − 2 × 4 × 2 = 488,68 mm Eq. 4.2
28,4ε kσ
Assuming linearly varying, symmetric stress distribution within the web,
σ2
ψ = = −1
σ1
⇒ kσ = 23,9 Table 4.3
488,68 / 4
λp = = 1,26
28,4 × 0,698 × 23,9
0,772 0,125
ρ = − = 0,534 ≤ 1
1,26 1,26 2
beff = ρ bc = ρb / (1-ψ) = 0,534 × 488,68 /(1 − (−1)) = 130,48 Table 4.3

be1 = 0,4beff = 0,4 × 130,48 = 52,19 mm Table 4.3

be2 = 0,6beff = 0,6 × 130,48 = 78,29 mm

Calculate effective section modulus under bending.

ei is taken as positive from the centroid of the upper flange and downwards.
Aeff = ∑A = b t ×2 + b t
i
i f f e1 w + be2t w + (hw / 2 )t w = 6321,92 mm2

eeff =
1
Aeff ∑Ae i
i i =
1
Aeff
[ bf tf (0) + bf tf (hw + tf )] + [be1tw (0,5(be1 + tf ))
+ be2t w (0.5(hw + tf ) − be2 / 2) + (hw / 2 )t w (0,75hw + 0,5tf ) ] = 266,44 mm

bf tf 3 t w be13 t w be23 t w (hw / 2)3

Ieff = ∑ ∑
i
Ii +
i
Ai (eeff − ei ) 2 = 2 ×
12
+
12
+
12
+
12

+ bf tf (eeff − 0)2 + bf tf [eeff − (hw + tf )] 2 + be1t w [eeff − 0,5(be1 + tf )] 2

[
+ be2t w [eeff − 0,5(hw + tf + be 2 )] 2 + (hw / 2)t w eeff − (0,75hw + 0,5tf )2 ] 4

= 3,459 × 108 mm4

153
 Job No. Sheet 6 of 6 Rev B
Job Title ECSC Stainless Steel Valorisation Project
Department of Civil and Mining Engineering Subject Design Example 7 – Shear resistance of plate girder
Division of Steel Structures, University
Campus, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
Tel: +46 920 91 000
Fax: +46 920 91 913 Client Made by AO Date June 2002
CALCULATION SHEET ECSC Checked by AT Date Oct 2002
Revised by MEB Date April 2006

M Ed
η1 =
M pl, Rd
Mf,Rd = 513,86 kNm (Sheet 3)
Mpl,Rd is the plastic resistance of the cross-section.
2
t w hw f y 4 × 500 2 × 460
Mpl,Rd = M f ,Rd + = 513,86 + = 618,40 kNm
4 γ M0 4 × 1,1 × 10 6

Evaluate conditions
MEd = 275 kNm, hence:
275
η1 = = 0,44 ≤ 1,0 OK Eq. 5.22
618,40
η 1 fulfils its condition. Now it remains to check the interaction.
 M f,Rd 
η 1 + 1 −
 M pl,Rd 
( )
 2η 3 − 1 2 = 0,44 + 1 − 513,86 ((2 × 1,075) − 1)2 = 0,664 < 1,0
  618,40 

It therefore follows that under the conditions given, the resistance of the plate girder is
sufficient with respect to shear, bending as well as interaction between shear and bending.

154