SPECTRO METER PRISM AND HALLOW PRISM

FOR DIFFERENT LIQUIDS-PERCENTAGE OF

DERIVATION
OPEN ENDED EXPERIMENT REPORT
Submitted by

K. ANUHYA VTU13076
V.UMA MAHESWARI VTU13510
V. NIKITHA VTU13517
G. PAVITHRA VTU13111
D. RAVITEJA VTU13077
G. SASIVARDHAN VTU15493

VELTECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,

CHENNAI 600 062

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 VELTECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CHENNAI 600062

BONAFIED CERTIFICATE

Certified that this open ended experiment report “SPECTROMETER PRISM

ANDHOLLOW PRISM FOR DIFFERENT LIQUIDS” is the bonafied work of

“K.Anuhya - [VTU13076]; V. Uma Maheswari - [VTU13510]; G. Pavithra-

[VTU13111]; D.Vasanta Lakshmi -[VTU13025]; V. Nikitha - [VTU13517]; D.Raviteja

-[VTU13077]; G. Sasivardhan - [VTU15493]” who carried out the open ended

experiment under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

PHYSICS HOD Dr. T. UTHAYKUMAR

Asst. Professor

Physics Department

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 ABSTRACT
our experiment is spectrometer and hollow prism for

different liquids – percentage of deviation. We used three

different liquids they are salt solution, sugar solution, normal

water A hollow glass prism filled with liquid becomes a "liquid

prism". A simple method for constructing hollow glass prisms is

presented. A method is given for a demonstration that uses the

liquid prism with a laser or laser pointer so the audience can

observe differences in refractive index for various liquids. The

demonstration provides a quick and easy determination of the

sugar content of soft drinks and juices. The prism makes it easy

to determine a numerical value for the refractive index of a

liquid.

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 SPECTROMETER PRISM AND HOLLOW PRISM FOR
DIFFERENT LIQUIDS
AIM: To find the refractive index of hollow prism using Spectro
meter and different liquids
APPARATUS: spectrometer, mercury vapour lamp, hollow
prism, different liquids.
FORMULA: Refractive index of the prism
µ=(sin(A+D)/2)/(sin(A/2))

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EXPLIANATION OF TABLE:

S.NO SYMBOL EXPLIANATION UNIT

1 A Angle of the hollow prism Degree

2 D Angle of minimum deviation Degree

3 µ Refractive index of hollow -

prism

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PROCEDURE:
The initial adjustment of the spectrometer should be
made before starting the experiment.
Preliminary Adjustment:
a) Telescope adjustment: Initially distant object should be
focused in the telescope is brought in axis to the
collimeter fight.
b) Collimeter adjustment: Initially collimeter window
should be open and allow the light to pass through the
window and see whether the slit is thin and clear after
entering into the telescope. Now make white slit to
coincide with vertical telescope cross wire then fix the
telescope.
c)Vernier table adjustment: Release the vernier screw and
rotate the vernier table then set the vernier scale reading
0-0 in on side and 180-0 in another side then fix the
vernier screw.

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d)Determination of angle of prism :(A):
The given prism is mounted vertically at the center of the
prism table with its refracting edge facing the collimator
.Now the parallel rays of light emerging out from the
collimator falls almost equally on the two faces of the
prism ABC as shown in figure the telescope is turned to
catch the reflected image from one face of the prism and
fixed in that position. The tangential reading is adjusted
until the vertical cross wire coincides with the fixed edge
slit image.
The reading on both the vernier are noted
similarly the reading corresponding to the reflected image
of the slit on the other face are also taken the difference
between of the same vernier gives twice the angle of the
prism A is determined.

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8
e)Determination of angle of minimum deviation:
The prism table is rotated so that the beam light from the
collimator is incident on one face of the prism and
emerges from the other faces the telescope is used to
catch the refracted image moves towards the direct beam
the telescope is rotated carefully to have the image in the
field of view. At one stage the image stops momentarily
and turns the block. This is position of the minimum
deviation.

The telescope is rotated and made to

coincide with the violet slit. The telescope fixed in the
position and refracted ray reading of the telescope is
noted. The experiment is repeated for various Colours the
hollow prism is removed and refracted ray reading of the
telescope corresponding to the minimum deviation gives
the angle of minimum deviation “D” the dispersion power
Is calculated by using the given formula.

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 To determine the minimum deviation of hallow
prism using different liquids

Angle of
Mean
Diffracted Ray reading minimum
deviation
S. 𝐷
Colours 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐵
No. Vernier A Vernier B VA=R1- VB=R1- =
R2 R2 2
MSR VSC TR MSR VSC TR
deg div deg deg div deg deg deg deg

Direct
1. ray 360⸰ 0 360⸰0’ 180⸰ 0 180⸰0’
reading

Water
Red 336°.5´ 21 336°51´ 156°.5´ 18 156°48´ 23°9´ 23°12´ 23°10´
2
Yellow 336°.5 04 336°34´ 156°.5´ 03 156°33´ 23°26´ 23°27´ 23°26´
Violet 335°.5´ 08 335°38´ 155°.5´ 06 155°36´ 24°22´ 24°24´ 24°23´
Salt solution
Red 204° 07 204°7´ 24° 08 24°8´ 24°7´ 24°19´ 24°18´
3
Yellow 204° 17 204°17´ 24° 19 24°19´ 24°17´ 24°19´ 24°18´
Violet 204°.5´ 09 204°39´ 24°.5´ 13 24°43´ 24°39´ 24°43´ 24°41´
Sugar solution
Red 204° 07 204°9´ 24° 10 24°10´ 24°9´ 24°10´ 24°9´
4
Yellow 204° 18 204°18´ 24° 19 24°19´ 24°18´ 24°18´ 24°18´
Violet 204°.5´ 11 204°5´ 24°.5´ 20 24°50´ 24°41´ 24°50´ 24°45´

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Calculations:
1. Water
𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝜇𝑅 = 2
𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
60⸰ +23⸰ 10′
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(41⸰ ) 0.6637
2
= 60⸰ = = = 1.3274
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(30⸰ ) 0.5
2

𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
𝜇𝑦 = 𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
60⸰ + 23⸰ 26′
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(41°. 43´)
2
= =
60⸰ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (30⸰ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2

0.665
= = 1.33
0.5

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 𝐴+𝐷 60⸰ +24°23´
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(44°.22´)
2 2
µv = 𝐴 = 60⸰ =
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(30⸰ )
2 2

0.6716
= = 1.343
0.5

ꞷ =
𝜇𝑣 −𝜇𝑟
𝜇𝑦 −1
=
1.343−1.3276
1.33−1
=
0.0156
0.33
= 0.047

2. Salt solution:
𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝜇𝑅 = 2
𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
60⸰ + 24⸰ 7´
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(42⸰ . 3´)
= 2 =
60⸰ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (30⸰ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
0.6697
= = 1.3395
0.5
𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
𝜇𝑦 = 𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2

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 60⸰ + 24⸰ . 18′
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(42°. 09´)
2
= =
60⸰ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (30⸰ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2

0.67180
= = 1.342
0.5
𝐴+𝐷 60⸰ +24°.41´
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(42°.20´)
2 2
µv = 𝐴 = 60⸰ =
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(30⸰ )
2 2

0.6735
= = 1.347
0.5

ꞷ = 𝜇𝜇 −𝜇
𝑣
−1
𝑦
=
1.347−1.3395
𝑟
1.342−1
=
0.0075
0.342
= 0.0219

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3. Sugar solution:
𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
𝜇𝑅 = 2
𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
60⸰ + 24°. 9´
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(42⸰ . 4´)
= 2 =
60⸰ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (30⸰ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
0.670
= = 1.34020
0.5

𝐴+𝐷
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
𝜇𝑦 = 𝐴
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2
60⸰ + 24⸰ 18′
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(42°. 09´)
2
= =
60⸰ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (30⸰ )
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )
2

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 0.6710
= = 1.3421
0.5

𝐴+𝐷 60⸰ +24°45´

𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(42°.22´)
2 2
µv = 𝐴 = 60⸰ =
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(30⸰ )
2 2

0.6739
= = 1.3479
0.5

ꞷ = 𝜇𝜇 −𝜇
𝑣
−1
𝑦
=
1.3479−1.3402
𝑟
1.3421−1
=
0.0077
0.3421
= 0.0154

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Inference:
I have learnt to find refractive index of hollow prism of
different liquids and also I have learnt how to use the
spectrometer

Result:
1. Refractive index of violet for different liquid
water=1.343, salt sol= 1.347, sugar sol =1.3479
2. Refractive index of yellow for different liquids is
water = 1.33, salt sol = 1.342, sugar sol = 1.342
3.Refractive index of red for different liquids is
water = 1.3274, salt sol = 1.3395, sugar sol = 1.34020
4. Dispersive power of the material of the hollow prism of
the different liquids
water = 0.047, salt sol = 0.0219, sugar sol = 0.0154

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