Project types

Implementation activities (Genpact,

Which phase involved (Genpact,

Major Problems in imp (Pune1,

Areas of imp (Pune1,

Clients’ detail

What is the difference between updated project and end to end?

Explain about what is the business process of the client

Client reprehensive and Functional consultant or During the SAP Implementation Project,
what is the Role of Core Team Member & Consultants?

Implementation strategies

Why do you usually choose to implement SAP?

Explain ‘Hardware’ Sizing for a SAP Implementation

What is the Advantage of SAP’s ‘Smart Implementations’?

What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3?

What are the differences between a functional and business consultant?

What is the Difference between Consultant & End users?

Project members

How did you get job in FICO?

Exp dates and roles

Why did you choose SAP

Can BW run without a SAP R/3 implementation?

ASAP

What is ‘ASAP’ (Pune, Pune1,

Explain ‘ASAP Roadmap’ Phases. ............................................................... 33

List the Tools for ‘Project Management and Methodology’ in ‘ASAP.’.... 34

List the Tools for ‘Business Case Development’ in ‘ASAP.’ ..................... 34

When do You Use the ‘ASAP BPML’ Tool?................................................ 35

Explain ‘ASAP BPML.’ .................................................................................... 35

What are ‘BPPs’ in ASAP? ............................................................................ 35

Project preparation

List the Tools for the ‘Project Preparation Phase’ of ‘ASAP.’................... 34

BBP

What is gap analysis?

How you gathered requirement and what are the gaps you find in to-be, how you filled that gap.

AS IS

BPQ

TO BE

Realization

What is IDES?

Why do we call 000 as golden client

What Is landscape

Client creation

What is ‘Configuration’ in SAP? .................................................................... 37

What is the ‘IMG’? ........................................................................................... 37

How many versions of the implementation guides (IMGs) are available in SAP? What are they?
Explain the Various ‘Types’ of IMGs. ........................................................... 37

What are All the Various Ways of ‘Customizing’? ...................................... 38

Why is the ‘IMG’ Route of Customizing Easier than the ‘Tables’ Route?

Transportation

How do You Find Out Who has ‘Transported’ a ‘Transport Request’?... 3

What is the best practice for transporting configuration requests? How can you transport a
configuration request?

After configuration you have to transport the configuration to the QAS or PRD. Can you
transport number ranges of documents, assets masters, customer masters, and vendor masters in
the same transport request?

Explain the ‘Client’ concept of SAP. ............................................................. 30

How can You Find the Field/Data Underlying a ‘Transaction’?................ 31

SAP testing roles and responsibilities

What SPRO stands for?

What is full form IMG and SPRO? How are they different from each other?

Testing Tools

Testing (Unit & Integration)

Test case

Manual testing

Automatic testing

How to create a SAP Test Case

SAP Functional unit testing

What kind of testings that are carried out in testing server?

How to find out the transaction code for a SPRO node?

In SAP solutions, is it possible to have a self-defined transaction code?

How can you find the menu path when you know the transaction code?
How can you extend the SAP Easy Access Menu?

How can you confi gure the FICO module without using the IMG menu?

Final preparation

What Are SAP End User Manual

Cut Over Plans

Explain Cut over Activities/Strategies in SAP FICO as example.

Cut over activities (Pune1,

What are the cutover activities performed infinal preparartion phase ?

This activity involves- Master data upload for objects like customer masters including partner
function assignment, customer material info, pricing, outputs and credit masters.

Data migration

55. Explain Legacy System Migration Workbench?

51. Explain ‘LSMW.’............................................................................................... 32

52. How do You Transport ‘LSMW’ Data from One System to Another? ..... 32

What is the T Code for Uploading the Bulk Vendor master data ?
BDC

IDOC

ALE

EDI

Go live and support

What is known as the ‘Go-Live Check’? ...................................................... 39

Support activities (Genpact,

Which level you solved (Genpact,

Major problem in Support (Pune1,

Area of support (Pune1,

Validations and substations (Genpact,

Enhancements

What are the support tickets given in SAP fico module?

KT

Module

Tools

Team members

Tickets

SLA

SAP Tickets - What Is That?

What is maintaining SAP SLA in production support?

Support project Testing

How many tickets solved

Ticket statuses

How you support the clients. Could you expalin me procedure of loging the tockens and how do you intract to
clients.
Also hom many tockens you get in a day ( on an average).

New req in support

CR process

CR statuses

Teams in support

FI-MM Errors

How to prepare functional specification document in SAP?

The responsibilities of a support consultant are:

FS

What is your team size in support?

Process of getting ticket

SLA, What information it contain

What documents prepared in support

Did you solved High priority tickets

Did you worked on any user exists

Did you develop any Z report

Critical issue

What you did yesterday

Which pending issue you are working now

What is the business process of present client

What is your ticketing tool using now

Where is client located

What is change request

Did you have levels in support

What is your role weekly meeting

If your core user assigned wrong ticket to you what will you do

Did you worked in any change request

What is escalation

What happen if you not solved high priority ticket within 4 hours

We got ticket from core user but there is no solutuion from your end what will you do?
Others

What is WF and its importance?

What is SAP R/3?

Name some drawbacks of SAP:

Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction data Meta Data:

Describe the data types that can be used in SAP solutions.

What is ERP?

Different types of ERP?

Explain the SAP Solution Manager?

Explain the SAP Document Builder ?

What are the Components of ‘NetWeaver’?

What are the Components of the ‘SAP ERP’ Solution?

What are the Solutions Currently Available from SAP?

What is ‘SAP Business One’?

What is an ‘SAP Solution Map’?

Explain what are the job responsibilities of END user & POWER user.

What is the ‘SAP Solution Architect’? .......................................................... 36

Explain open SQL Vs native SQL?

What ‘Industry Solutions’ (IS) are Available from SAP?

What are the Most Recent Releases of the ‘SAP R/3' Solution?

What are the Components of the ‘SAP Business Suite’?

What are the different types of source system?

What is an ‘R/3 Data Dictionary’? ................................................................. 21

What is an ‘SAP Business Object’?.............................................................. 21

What are the Different ‘Types’ of ‘ABAP/4 Programs’?............................. 22

Tables

Explain ‘Client-Dependent’ and ‘Client-Independent’ Tables. .................. 22

What are ‘Internal Tables’? ............................................................................ 23

What is a ‘Logical Database’? ....................................................................... 23

What are the Two Methods for Modifying SAP ‘Standard Tables’? ........ 23

Name the three different kinds of messages in the R/3 system. What is the difference between
them?

Find the list of SAP Transaction codes

How can I insert new data in the table?

How to delete a record in SE16 ?

How to edit entries of table in se11 ?

What are datasets?

What are internal tables check table, value table, and transparent table?

Data browser

What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?

What do you do with errors in batch data conversion (BDC) sessions?

What is ‘BDC’ Programming in SAP? .......................................................... 23

What is the ‘BAPI’?.......................................................................................... 24

What is ‘ALE’?.................................................................................................. 24

Is ‘SAP XI’ Intended to Replace ‘ALE’? ....................................................... 25

What is an ‘RFC’?............................................................................................ 25

What is ‘OLE’? ................................................................................................. 25

Explain ‘C-Maps.’............................................................................................. 35

When Should You Conduct ‘Business Process Re-engineering’ (BPR)?

What are ‘User Parameters’? ........................................................................ 39

User ID creation

Where do you find all of the transaction codes, including custom transaction codes?

Flow chart

What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3?

What is Extractor?

Describe how to setup a printer in SAP or where they would look to research why a user/users
can not print?

What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?

What is SAP APO?

Something about solution manager?

What is the schema you use in Time Management?

What is known as ‘Duet’

What are all the Components of ‘SAP xApps’?

What is ‘SAP xApps’?

What is ‘Basis’?................................................................................................ 20

Explain the SAP R/3 ‘System Architecture.’................................................ 20

What is an ‘Instance’?..................................................................................... 21

In SAP-HR, What is the landscape of your project?

What is a ‘Match Code’ in SAP? ................................................................... 25

What is a ‘Drill-down’ Report? ....................................................................... 25

What is ‘ALV’ Programming in ABAP?......................................................... 26

What is ‘DynPro’? ............................................................................................ 26

What is an ‘ABAP/4 Query’?.......................................................................... 26

What are the Components of ‘SAPscript’? .................................................. 27

Why Do We Need ‘Enhancements’? ............................................................ 27

Differentiate ‘Screen Painter’ from ‘Menu Painter.’ .................................... 28

What is a ‘Modification Assistant’? ............................................................... 29

What is a ‘Spool Request’?............................................................................ 29

What is the ‘CTS’?........................................................................................... 29

What is an ‘Authorization’ in SAP? ............................................................... 30

Can You Transport ‘Variants’ of Multiple Programs in One Step? .......... 32

What is ‘SAPNet’? ........................................................................................... 33

Explain what is user specific parameter.

How to create a new user parameter id , so that i can assign the same in SU01?

What is defect prevention?

What is the schema you use in Time Management?

What is the role of abapers? What is the Work Bench?

What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?

What are the highest organizational units in Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials Management
(MM), Production Planning (PP), Financial Information (FI), and Controlling Area (CO)?

Report writer and painter

Project types
There are 4 types of projects

Implementation (6M – 2Y)

Support (2Y – 20 Y)

Upgrade (4M – 6M)

Roll out (3M – 4M)

1. SAP Implementation Project. : Company wants to implement SAP Module ( Ex

:HCM/MM/SD/FI/CO etc) for the first time. In implementation projects consultant from various
modules do configuration based on company requirements.

SAP (Product vendor), ITC (Client), Wipro (Implementation partner)

2. SAP Support Project: After implementation of SAP modules customer/business need

assistance of consultants in their day to day business operations using SAP software. The end
user raises their concerns, issues, errors etc through a ticket handling tool. A ticket handing tool
is must for a support project, it helps to track the status of tickets. Basically there are no phases
in it. Roles of a consultant accept /acknowledge the tickets, analysis the issue, document it, solve,
provide solutions to client, Get confirmation from the user & close the ticket. Change request
and service request is the main roles in support projects.

3. SAP Roll-Out Project: Company has upgraded/implemented SAP HR & wants to rollout
country specific changes in different countries.

It is the process of developing configuration in the other business unit of same company

Same solution given to another business area/country)

Ex: State, sales process, currency, language

4. SAP Up gradation Project: Customers are moving from the older versions to new versions. It
is called as SAP Migration Projects.

Example : Company migrating from older versions like 4.5,4.6b, 4.6c to ECC 5.0 / ECC 6.0 .
SAP HR EHP3 to SAP HR EHP 5.

Every 4th year SAP stop supporting

These are 2 types technical (7-10 days), functional (new feature)

Implementation Activities/roles

 Involved in CSBP, FSBP and BBP documents preparation.

 Involved in core user & end user training, preparing user manuals.
 Done the unit tests based on customization.
 Involved in the configuration process as per client requirement.

Which phase involved

I involved in realisation phase. I have given support for BBP also like to be documentation
preparation like organisational structure, Financial Accounting global settings etc

Major Problem in imp

Understanding requirement of client and mapping as per in system is one of the big challenge in
SAP technology/platform.
Coordination with others
Trying to make understand the requirement to technical team member
Training to end user etc

Areas of imp (Pune1,

Implemented areas like

COA, PPV, Tolerance groups, Document types and no ranges

Basic settings for vendor and customers

Down payment settings for vendor and customers

APP, Dunning, House Bank

AA-COD, Asset class, Account determination, No ranges, Screen layouts, Assign GL accounts

Client Details
Incorporated in 1939 with a single paper machine and now a multi-product. Division of Orient Paper and Industries
Ltd, which is subsidiary C. K. Birla Group. OPM produces different qualities of paper such as cream wove paper
board and tissue paper. Orient Paper Mill is a paper and paper crafts manufacturer in Amlai (Madhya Pradesh) and
Brajarajnagar (Orissa), India, Orient has worked with Pan African Paper Mills in Kenya, in partnership with the
Government of Kenya and the International Finance Corporation. Ravi Singh Deputy Manager-HR
REGISTERED OFFICE Bhubaneswar Orissa, PRINCIPAL OFFICE Kolkata West Bengal. Orient paper &
Industries has the new name in electronic area as a name of Orient Electric Ltd. The main plant of fan division is in
Faridabad, Haryana with the CFL division. Mr.Ravinder Gambhir is the GM of Faridabad plant.

FUTABA CORPORATION was Japanese company established in 1948 as a manufacturer and seller of receiver
vacuum tubes. Futaba products are used in the air, on the water, underwater and on the ground for all types of RC
models. Factories: Japan-3, Taiwan, Philippines, U.S.A, China
President Representative Director Hiroshi Sakurada
Director Michisato Kono
Director Kazunobu Takahashi
Director Tatsuya Ikeda
Director Hideharu Kawasaki
Director Kozaburo Mogi
Director Tadao Katsuta

Jermain Kumins (Production Data Administrator)

Jamie Shamblin (Cost Accountant)
Shuyuan Chen (Chief Accountant)

What is the difference between updated project and end to end?

Some organizations select to implement SAP module by module, thus gets updated as per their
convenience / schedule. This is called as updated project. Some organizations simply plan all integrated
functional modules and decide to go-live with all functional modules and take their entire operations on
SAP. This is called as End to End SAP implementation project.

Explain about what is the business process of the client

To get a Client Business Process, you need to study their ASIS process in Finance area like Asset
Accounting, G/L, A/R, A/P, Bank etc. There is though standard Questionnaire also in place
which normally you can use with your client. Please see some sample below:

FI Scope determination questionnaire :

Q: 1) How many accounting periods do you define in a fiscal year?

Q: 7) How do you classify your documents?

Q: 9) What is the document numbering logic?

Q: 11) Value added tax: Which are the current tax rates in the countries of your company
codes?

Client reprehensive and Functional consultant

These are employees of the client for each department. Also called principle user/power
user/core user etc. They are expert in their department

SuperPowerKey
The Power user is the Business Process Owner, who know the legacy processes and is expected
to know the mapped business processes in SAP

Core user is part of the SAP Project implementation team.

End user is the one who uses the SAP

Roles:

Give business process information to functional consultant

Support in configuration documentation preparation

Attend training session conducted by consultant. Scheduled by consultant

They will make understand end user

Note: Opposite to above roles for consultant

Why do you usually choose to implement SAP?

 software & hardware independent.

 own programming language(abap)4-generation.
 supports at different level is also.
 sap is able to fit easly into any size of compony.

Explain ‘Hardware’ Sizing for a SAP Implementation.

ASAP provides a tool called Quicksizer, which is used to analyze the hardware requirements.
The Quicksizer has been developed by SAP in close cooperation with all platform partners and is
free. The Quicksizer calculates CPU, disk, and memory resources based on throughput numbers
and the number of users working with the different SAP components. The tool gives customers
(and prospects) an idea of the system size requirements for running the proposed workload, and
is also useful for initial budget planning.

Why did you choose SAP

My friend started career same when I started but he is settled well and there are global
opportunities. It is used by big companies

Can BW run without a SAP R/3 implementation?

Certainly. You can run BW without R/3 implementation. You can use pre-defined business
content in BW using your non-SAP data.
What is ‘ASAP’?
‘ASAP (Accelerated SAP)’ is a methodology used in SAP for faster and cost-effective
implementation of SAP R/3 projects. ASAP helps to (a) reduce the implementation time, (b)
achieve quality implementations, and (c) make effective and efficient use of project resources.
ASAP integrates the following three components:
1. ASAP Roadmap
2. Tools (Questionnaires, templates, etc.)
3. R/3 services and training (Hotline, Early Watch, Remote Upgrade, Archiving, etc.)

Explain ‘ASAP Roadmap’ Phases.

ASAP Roadmap is aimed at providing step-by-step direction and guidance throughout the
project. The roadmap has following phases in the project implementation lifecycle:
1. Project preparation
2. Business blueprint
3. Realization
4. Final preparation
5. Go-live, support, and continuous improvement

Project preparation is the first and initial phase of the ASAP roadmap where you are just
starting the project. You will perform activities such as preparation of the initial scope, high-
level timelines and plans, project charters, identification of project team members, project kick-
off, etc.

Business blueprint is the second phase in the implementation where you will try, identify, and
document business requirements. Ideally, you will discussion with structured business
functionality questionnaires, understand their existing business processes, and identify and
document their requirements in the wake of this new implementation. A ‘sign-off’ at the end of
the phase ensures an agreement to move forward outlining the scope of the project. It is
understood that whatever is explicitly stated in the business blueprint document is the only
scope; no implied scope will be considered for system configuration in the next phase.

Analyze AS IS and TO BE process

Organizational structure define
GAP analysis
Create BBP
FS

Realization is the third phase where the implementing team breaks down the business processes
identified in the second phase and configures the SAP settings.
Initially, you will do a Baseline Configuration, test the system functionality and if necessary
make changes to the baseline configuration, and close the phase with Final Configuration,
signaling that all the business processes have been captured and configured in the system.
Final Preparation is the penultimate phase in the project. This phase also serves to resolve all
crucial open issues. A ‘go-live check’ is also conducted to analyze whether the system has been
properly configured. This phase is marked by the following activities:
􀂃 End-to-testing of the configured system (User Acceptance Test—UAT)
􀂃 Training of the end users (Usually follows the concept ‘Train-the-Trainer’)
􀂃 System management activities (creation of users, user profiles, allocation of roles to profiles,
etc.)
􀂃 Cut-over (data migration activities)

Go-Live and Support is the final and fifth phase of the project where the configured system is
declared ‘live’ for day-to-day business use.

List the Tools for ‘Project Management and Methodology’ in ‘ASAP.’

􀂃 Solution Manager
􀂃 SAP Service Market Place
􀂃 ASAP MS-Project Plan
􀂃 ASAP Roadmap
􀂃 ASAP Question and Answer Database
􀂃 ASAP Business Blueprint
􀂃 ASAP BPP (Business Process and Procedures Document)
􀂃 ASAP BPML (Business Process Master List)
􀂃 ASAP Issue Database
􀂃 ASAP Implementation Assistant/Knowledge Corner

List the Tools for ‘Business Case Development’ in ‘ASAP.’

􀂃 E-Business Case Builder
􀂃 C-Maps

60. When do you Use the ‘ASAP BPML’ Tool?

The ASAP ‘Business Process Master List (BPML)’ is used during the Realization (third phase)
of the ASAP Roadmap.

Explain ‘ASAP BPML.’

‘ASAP BPMLs (Business Process Master Lists)’ are MS-Excel Sheets generated by the ASAP
Q&A Database for facilitating configuration and testing of the system, and development of end
user documentation.

What are ‘BPPs’ in ASAP?

‘ASAP BPP (Business Process and Procedures)’ are templates that typically walk you through
a transaction in SAP and help you document them. The templates are replete with Best Practices
or Standard Procedures for completing a particular transaction, which you can customize for end
user training. You will assign ASAP BPPS to the ASAP BPML.

List the Tools for the ‘Project Preparation Phase’ of ‘ASAP.’

􀂃 ASAP Roadmap
􀂃 Knowledge Corner
􀂃 ASAP MS-Project Plan
􀂃 C-Maps (Collaborative Business Maps)
􀂃 Quicksizer
􀂃 Pre-Configured Solutions (Connect-and-Go, Smart Implementations, etc.)
􀂃 SAP Service Market Place

What is gap analysis?

The SAP R/3 system comes with predefined packages. Sometimes these predefined packages
may not suit a client’s business requirements. In the first phase of implementation, the
implementation team will gather all business requirements. A thorough analysis of the business
requirements will lead to a gap between the business requirements and the SAP standard
package. There are two ways to reduce the gap:

(1) by changing the business process or (2) by developing new programs (customizing) to
accommodate the client’s business process. Before the second phase of implementation, the SAP
implementer will try to reduce these gaps by adopting either of these options or both.
MM & SD MM purpose (Genpact, SD integration (Pune,
GBB (Genpact,
WRX (Genpact,
BSX (Genpact,
MM integration (Pune,
Valuation area and Group
(Pune,
Transaction keys (Pune,
MM process (Pune,
GR entry (Pune,
GL accounts (Pune,
GL Foreign currency (Genpact, New GL (Pune, CIN
Pune1, Splitting (Pune,
Leading and Non
leading (Pune,
Splitting (Pune1,
AP & AR & APP (Pune, AR configuration EBS (Genpact,
Bank AP configuration (Pune1, (Pune1,
Advance payment
(Pune1,
AA & Asset closing types Month end activities
Others (Genpact, (Genpact,
Depreciation run errors Year end activities
(Genpact, (Genpact,
How many years open in Team Size (Pune,
AA (Genpact, Clients (Pune,
Asset accounting Contract or
 configuration (Pune, permanent
GL Ac in AA (Pune,
Depreciation Key (Pune1,
SAP Asset Accounting
Entries?

CO

How does the system calculate taxes?

Based on the calculation schema of that condition and based on access sequence assigned to it.

07. What is IDES?

International Demonstration and Education System. A sample application provided for faster
learning and implementation.

29. Describe how to setup a printer in SAP or where they would look to research why
user/users can not print?
SPAD, SP01, SM50, SU01 …

What Is land scape

Landscape is like a server system or like a layout of the servers. SAP is divided into three
different lanscape DEV, QAS and PROD.

- DEV would have multiple clients for ex: 190- Sandbox, 100- Golden, 180- Unit Test.
- QAS may again have mutiple clients for ex: 300- Integration Test, 700 to 710 Training.
- PROD may have something like a 200 Production.

Now whatever you do in the Sandbox doesn't affect the other servers or clients. Whenever you
think you are satisfied with your configuration and you think you can use it moving forward, you
RE-DO it in the golden client (remember, this is a very neat and clean client and you cannot use
it for rough usage). Thus the configuration is transported to the Unit Test client (180 in this
example).

You don't run any transaction or even use the SAP Easy Access screen on the 100 (golden)
client. This is a configuration only client.
But in the Testing client you can not even access SPRO (Display IMG) screen. It's a transaction
only client where you perform the unit test. The incorrect or unsatisfactory configuration is
corrected in Golden (may again as well be practised in the sandbox prior to Golden)

In summary:
Landscape : is the arrangement for the servers

IDES : is purely for education purpose and is NOT INCLUDED in the landscape.

DEVELOPMENT ---> QUALITY ----> PRODUCTION

DEVELOPMENT : is where the the consultants do the customization as per the company's
requirement.

QUALITY : is where the core team members and other members test the customization.

PRODUCTION : is where the live data of the company is recorded.

A request will flow from Dev->Qual->Prod and not backwards.

1. Sandbox server: In the initial stages of any implementation project, You are given a sandbox
server where you do all the configuration/customization as per the company’s business process.

2. Development Server: - Once the BBP gets signed off, the configuration is done is
development server and saved in workbench requests, to be transported to Production server.

3. Production Server: This is the last/ most refined client where the user will work after project
GO LIVE. Any changes/ new develpoment is done is development client and the request is
transported to production.

These three are landscape of any Company.

Presentaion Server- Where SAP GUI have.

Application Server - Where SAP Installed.
Database Server - Where Database installed.

Why do we call 000 as golden clinet

Golden client contains all the configuration data and master data so some extent. All the
configuration settings are done in golden clients and then moved to other clients. Hence this
client acts as a master record for all transaction settings, hence the name "Golden Client".

67. What is ‘Configuration’ in SAP?

‘Configuration’ is the process of maintaining settings (parameters) in the system to support
specific/customized business requirements. Remember SAP is an ‘all-encompassing’ application
which needs to be ‘configured’ to meet your specific requirements.
68. What is the ‘IMG’?
The ‘IMG (Implementation Guide)’ in SAP provides you with the various configuration steps
in a tree-like structure for easy access with the nodes at the bottom representing the configuration
objects. This is the central repository for customizing, providing a step-by-step guide for
carrying
out various activities. Besides the steps/activities, the IMG also contains explanations concerning
the order in which you need to make the customizations. When you execute an activity from the
IMG, you are indirectly changing the values (parameters) in the underlying table.
The IMG is structured and arranged into four major logical groups:
1. General Settings (Country settings, currencies, calendar maintenance, time zones, field
display characteristics, etc.)
2. Enterprise Structure (Definition, assignment, consistency check, etc.)
3. Cross-Application Components (ALE, Time sheet, CATT, CAD integration, DMDocument
Management, EDI, Engineering Change Management (ECM), etc.)
4. Functional Area Settings (FI, CO, Logistics, PP, PM, QM, etc.)
69. Explain the Various ‘Types’ of IMGs.
The SAP Reference IMG provides all the customizing steps for all functional areas of SAP.
This,
as the name suggests, is the ‘reference IMG’ from which you may create your own IMG to meet
the exact requirements of the (1) enterprise and (2) project.
2009 􀂃 1 􀂃 27 􀂃􀂃􀂃􀂃 􀂃􀂃􀂃􀂃􀂃􀂃􀂃
The Enterprise IMG is usually an exact copy of the ‘SAP Reference IMG,’ but limited to the
countries where the implementation is carried out. From the Enterprise IMG, you may create
your
Project IMG, which will contain the application components/business processes required in the
current project.
It is also possible to create the Project IMG by directly generating it from the SAP Reference
IMG.
In this case, the country selection is done when the Project IMGs are created.
Figure 13: IMG (Reference, Enterprise, and Project)
70. What are All the Various Ways of ‘Customizing’?
You can customize SAP using:
􀂃 IMG: Just follow the IMG tree, step-by-step. No technical knowledge (about tables, views,
etc.) is required.
Example: To configure the ‘Country Code,’ just follow the IMG Menu Path ‘General
settings>Set countries>Define countries.’
􀂃 Tables: You need to know the name and structure of the tables where the parameters
are directly entered. Technical knowledge of customizable objects is required.
Example: To configure the ‘Country Code,’ use transaction code: OY01. Enter the details in
Table V_T005.
71. Why is the ‘IMG’ Route of Customizing Easier than the ‘Tables’
Route?
􀂃 IMG is a logical way to access data from multiple physical tables without knowing from
where the data is flowing. This is because there are many transactions, which affect more
than one table.
􀂃 There is no need to know the names of Tables and fields, though it always helps to know
about the major tables.
􀂃 IMG offers a step-by-step way of progressing from one activity to the other. Also, you can
classify the activities into various views such as ‘mandatory/critical/optional,’ ‘Clientdependent/
Client-independent,’ etc., so that you can proceed per your requirements and
time.
􀂃 Since IMG provides you with the functional view, it becomes easier to ‘configure’ and test
immediately.

Where do you find all of the transaction codes, including custom transaction codes?

In SAP R/3, the TSTC table stores all of the transaction codes. Through transaction code SE16,
you can browse all of the transaction codes. The TSTC table stores the standard SAP transaction
codes, as well as custom transaction codes.

In SAP-HR, What is the landscape of your project?

Landscape in SAP consists the following: 1. IDES = Training Server2. Development Server*
Configuration (200 client)* Sandbox (210 client)* Data Change (220 client)3. Quality Server*
Standby (300 client)* Testing (310 client)4. Production Server* Pre-Production (400 client)*
Real Production (500 client)

31. What is ‘ALE’?

‘ALE (Application Link Enabling)’ is used to support the construction and operation of
distributed applications, through the exchange of data messages ensuring data consistency
across loosely coupled SAP applications, using both ‘synchronous’ and ‘asynchronous’
communications without the need for a central database.
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ALE is comprised of three layers:
􀂃 Application services
􀂃 Distribution services
􀂃 Communication services
ALE helps to:
􀂃 Distribute applications across several SAP systems, such that centralized/decentralized
functions can operate in the same company area.
􀂃 Maintain and distribute master data elements from a central system.
􀂃 Maintain and distribute control data objects from a central system with the synchronized
configuration data (important to decentralize functions yet keep them integrated).
􀂃 Link R/2 and R/3 systems.
􀂃 Link SAP and external systems, via IDocs (Intermediate Documents).

33. What is an ‘RFC’?

A ‘Remote Function Call (RFC)’ is a call to a ‘function module’ running in a system different
from the ‘calling-system.’ The remote function can also be called from within the same system
(as
a ‘remote call’), but usually the ‘calling-system’ and the ‘called-system’ will be in different
systems.
An RFC helps to take care of the following communication:
􀂃 Communications between two independent SAP systems.
􀂃 Client-server communications between an external Client and an SAP system acting as
the server.
􀂃 Client-server communications between an SAP System acting as the Client and an
external server.

34. What is ‘OLE’?

For the Windows front-end, SAP provides interfaces based on Microsoft’s ‘Object Linking and
Embedding’ Technology (OLE Automation) for embedding objects such as Microsoft Excel
files.

46. What is a ‘Transport’?

A ‘Transport’ in SAP is nothing but the transfer of R/3 System components from one system to
another. The components to be transported are specified in the object list of a transport request.
Each ‘transport’ consists of an ‘export process’ and an ‘import process’:
􀂃 The export process reads objects from the source system and stores them in a data file
at the operating system level.
􀂃 The import process reads objects from the data file and writes them to the database of
the target system.
The system maintains a ‘transport log’ of all actions during export and import. The ‘transport
organizer’ helps to manage the transports in SAP.
Figure 8: Transport Organizer

47. How do You Find Out Who has ‘Transported’ a ‘Transport

Request’?
Look at Table TPLOG (go there using the Transaction Code SE16) and input the transport name
in the CMDSTRING field with 􀂃*.􀂃 Example: *PZDK980001*

49. Explain the ‘Client’ concept of SAP.

A ‘Client’ is the top-most organizational structure, which has its own set of master records. A
Client is denoted by a 3-character alphanumeric code in SAP, and is a mandatory element. The
settings made at the Client level, data maintained, etc., are available across all the Company
Codes. A Client should have at least one Company Code defined.
SAP comes delivered with Clients 001 and 002, which contain all the default settings. Usually,
copying from the default Clients creates additional and new Clients.
Typically, in SAP, you will have different ‘types’ of Clients; namely:
1. Development Client
2. Test Client
3. Production Client
In any implementation, you must have at least three types of Clients as mentioned above. There
are some companies where you will have more than three. These include:
􀂃 Development Client
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􀂃 Test Client
􀂃 Quality Assurance Client
􀂃 Training Client
􀂃 Production Client
A ‘Development Client’ is also called a ‘sand box’ Client and is sometimes known as a ‘play’
Client. This is the logical place in the SAP system where you try out new configurations, write
new programs, etc. This is the place, as the name suggests, where you can ‘play’ around before
finalizing a scenario for customization.
Once you are okay with the configuration or a new program, you will then move it manually
(transport) to the ‘Test Client’ where you will carry out all the tests (both modular and
integration).
The end-users are provided with the training using the ‘training’ Client. Sometimes both the
‘test’
and ‘training’ Client are in a single ‘instance.’ The ‘quality assurance’ Client helps with
necessary
quality checks before something is ready to be passed on to the ‘production’ Client.
After satisfactory results, it will be transported (automatically) to the ‘Production Client’ (also
called the ‘Golden Client’). You will not be able to make any modifications, manually, to the
‘production’ Client and the authorization is very limited because this Client is responsible for
dayto-
day business transactions and any issues here will jeopardize all business operations, which is
why this is also called the ‘live’ Client.
Do not confuse this term with the ‘Client’ that denotes a customer in normal business parlance.
50. How can You Find the Field/Data Underlying a ‘Transaction’?
A common way to find the technical data underlying a transaction is to place your cursor in the
field, press the key ‘F1,’ and then click on the button ‘Technical Data’ to see the details. This
works as long as you are looking at the ‘transparent’ Table. If the information is populated from
a
‘structure,’ then this will not help you because the ‘structure’ may be populated from a number
of
sources including some ‘includes,’ and may also contain some calculated fields. If the ‘include’
is
in fact a table, then chances are your data comes from that table. Check to see if there is a
‘logical’ database in the business area you are looking at. Looking at the ‘structure’ of the
‘logical’
database often reveals the tables used to drive that business area. Also check to see if the field
name you are looking for is in any of the tables. Logical databases can also be useful in
determining how tables are linked together.
You may also use other methods (listed below) to zero-in on the field. You can perform any of
these, in isolation or in combination, until you find what you are looking for:
􀂃 Debugging
􀂃 SQL Trace
􀂃 Run-time Analysis
Start the ‘transaction’ in Debug mode. Set a ‘watch-point’ for the structure-field you are
interested
in. When the debugger ‘breaks,’ look at the lines just above the ‘break-point.’ This will show
where the field was populated. This may be a ‘structure,’ in which case you will restart the
process using that ‘structure’ as a ‘watch-point.’
Turn SQL Trace on, and run your transaction. Switch the ‘trace’ off, and examine the log. This
will detail the tables hit, and the order in which they were hit. Not all tables hit will be displayed;
for example, configuration tables tend not to show up, as they are buffered.
The Runtime Analysis will show all tables accessed by the transaction.
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Figure 9: ABAP Runtime Analysis
51. Explain ‘LSMW.’
The ‘LSMW (Legacy System Migration Workbench)’ is a free SAP-based tool that supports
the
one-time or periodic transfers of data from non-SAP systems to SAP. The LSMW can be used in
conjunction with the Data Transfer Workbench. The LSMW assists in organizing your data
migration project and guides you through the process by using a clear sequence of steps. The
most common conversion rules are predefined. Reusable conversion rules assure consistent data
conversion for different data objects.
The LSMW performs the following steps:
􀂃 Reads the legacy data from one or several files (such as spreadsheets or sequential files)
􀂃 Converts the data from source format to target format
􀂃 Imports the data using standard interfaces (Batch Input, Direct Input, BAPI, IDoc, etc.)
Figure 10: Data Transfer Workbench
52. How do You Transport ‘LSMW’ Data from One System to
Another?
There are two ways to do this:
1. Export/Import method. With this method, you have the flexibility of subprojects or
objects that need to be transported. Use the Menu Path ‘LSMW>Extras>Export project.’
2. Transport request. With this method, you will not be able to select the objects, and the
project as a whole is transported. Use the Menu Path ‘LSMW>Extras >Create change
request.’

Explain Legacy System Migration Workbench?

LSMW is widely used by EDI programmers. EDI Programmers connect the SAP system to Non
SAP system. During this Data migration is a necessity. When data migrates from source to
destination the destination code is different from the source code. So what LSMW does is*
Converts the data in to batch files* Then converts the batch files in to source code batch files*
And then migrates data. Standard Interfaces like BAPI or Idoc are used in this process.
 The LSMW comprises the following main steps:

 * Read data (legacy data in spreadsheet tables and/or sequential files).

 * Convert data (from the source into the target format).

 * Import data (to the database used by the R/3 application.

Cut Over Plans

Detailed plans need to be developed for cutting over from the old system(s) to the new. Parallel
runs of what will happen over the conversion period using test data, convert and watch for a
period after wards to ensure nothing unexpected happens.

Explain Cut over Activities/Strategies in SAP FICO as example.

Cut over Activities or Master Data Uploading Strategies depending upon the when we are going
live. As per that, you have to give the information to your core team. If you going live at the
middle you have to upload the all P&L Account items and B/S Items. If you going live at the
financial year start, you have to only upload the B/S Items.

Activities for Golive:

1. G/L Master Upload through BDC or LSMW (TC-FS00 and extended one co code to another
company code Fs01)

2. Vendor Master Upload Thru BDC Or LSMW (Will be Taken Care By MM)

3. Customer Master Upload Thru BDC or LSMW (Will be Taken Care By SD)

4. Asset Master Upload(Thru As90)

5. Cost Element Master Upload

6. Cost Center Master Upload

7. Profit Center Master Upload

8. G/L Balances Thru F-02

10. Vendor Balances thru F-43

11. Customer Balances thru F-22

12. Customer Advances thru f-29

13. Vendor Advances thru F-48

Before uploading Vendor Balances you have to take care of WHT (TDS) Information.

SAP (system applications and products in data processing), is a package which allows more:

1. Flexibility.

2. Customized solutions to suit your business.

3. Highly integrated with other modules.

4. Industry specific modules with a deep insight.

5. Continuous support.

The major advantages of sap erp, is the HIGHLY INTEGRATION WITH OTHER MODULES
OF BUSINESS, which is not there in other SOFT WARES.

What SPRO stands for?

SPRO stands for SAP Project Reference Object

It is used to configure the setting as per your client requirement by using the standard setting
present in the system. This where you can do all the SAP configuration work. It is also known
as the Configuration Menu.

What is full form IMG and SPRO? How are they different from each other?

IMG :- Implementation Guide.

SPRO :- SAP Project Reference Object.

SPRO------>IMG.

Type in the T-Code SPRO under That got to Main Menu which is IMG.

SPRO is basically used to organize the consultant customizing during the SAP Project Phras

How to find out the transaction code for a SPRO node?

While in SPRO (Display IMG), go to the 'Additional information' menu, select 'Additional
Information' again and choose 'Display Key' and 'IMG Activity' within that.

Now you will see an additional column adjacent to SPRO nodes.

The last 4 characters displayed against most executable nodes form the T-code directly for that
activity.

08. What is WF and its importance?

Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes.
This involves coordinating the persons involved. The main advantage is reduction in throughput
times and the costs involved in managing business processes. Transparency and quality are
enhanced by its use.

09. What is SAP R/3?

R/3 stands for realtime three tier architecture. R/3 means three layers are installed in Different
system/server and they are connected with each other.

1) Presentation
2) Application
3) Database

10. What are presentation, application and database servers in SAP R/3?
11. What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
Convert the legacy system data to a flat file and convert flat file into internal table. Transfer the
flat file into sap system called “sap data transfer”.
12. Explain open SQL Vs native SQL?
13. What are datasets?
The sequential files (processed on application server) are called datasets. They are used for file
handling in SAP.

14. What are internal tables check table, value table, and transparent table?

Internal table: It is a standard data type object, which exists only during the runtime of the
program.

Check table: Check table will be at field level checking.

Value table: Value table will be at domain level checking ex: scarr table is check table for carrid.

Transparent table: - Exists with the same structure both in dictionary as well as in database
exactly with the same data and fields.

15. What are the major benefits of reporting with BW over R/3?
19. Define Meta data, Master data and Transaction dataMeta Data:
Data that describes the structure of data or MetaObjects is called Metadata. In other words data
about data is known as Meta Data.

Master Data: Master data is data that remains unchanged over a long period of time.

Transaction data: Data relating to the day-to-day transactions is the Transaction data.

20. Name some drawbacks of SAP:

Interfaces are huge problem,

Expensive, demands highly trained staff,

lengthy implementation time.

AWB stands for Administrator Work Bench.

25. What are the different types of source system?

SAP R/3 Source Systems, SAP BW, Flat Files and External Systems.

26. What is Extractor?

Extractors is a data retrieval mechanisms in the SAP source system. Which can fill the extract
structure of a data source with the data from the SAP source system datasets.

35. What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
38. What is SAP APO?
Answer1:SAP APO stands for Advanced Planner and Optimizer, which is one area of SCM and
application component of MySAP product.

 SAP APO stands for Advanced Planner and Optimizer, which is one area of SCM and
application component of MySAP product. Its is designed to provide solutions for
companies in Demand planning, network design, supply network planning, production
planning and global available to promise, transportation and scheduling

39. What are the support tickets given in SAP fico module?
48. What is the schema you use in Time Management?
Schema: TC00
 01. What is ERP?
ERP is a package with the techniques and concepts for the integrated management of business as
a whole, for effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise.
Initially, ERP was targeted for manufacturing industry mainly for planning and managing core
business like production and financial market. As the growth and merits of ERP package ERP
software is designed for basic process of a company from manufacturing to small shops with a
target of integrating information across the company.
02. Different types of ERP?
SAP, BAAN, JD Edwards, Oracle Financials, Siebel, PeopleSoft. Among all the ERP’s most of
the companies implemented or trying to implement SAP because of number of advantages aver
other ERP packages.

Explain the SAP Solution Manager?

Providing central access to Tools, Methods, and Pre-Configured Content, the SAP Solution
Manager provides support throughout the life cycle of solutions—from Business Blueprint to
Configuration to Support.
The features include:
1. Implementation/Upgrade of SAP Solutions
1. Central access to Project Tools (Project Administration, Business Blueprint,
Configuration, Test Workbench, Group Rollout Templates)
2. Central management of Project Information (Roadmap, System Landscape,
Documentation, etc.)
3. Enables comparing/synchronizing customizing in several SAP components
2. Solution Monitoring
1. Central System Administration
2. System Landscape Analysis with System Level Reporting
3. Real-time System Monitoring
4. Business Process Monitoring
3. Services and Support
1.Access to programs/services for monitoring and optimizing system performance
and availability to minimize risks.

4. Service Desk
1.Solution Support through Work Flow to create and manage Process/Problem
Messages.
1. Change Management
1.Trace and audit system changes and transports through Change Request
Management.

Explain the SAP Document Builder ?

SAP Document Builder’ (CA-GTF-DOB) is a content-driven and cross-application solution for

building and authoring complex documents. As a generic tool, it can be deployed within
 international organizations and large corporations to generate contract and bid invitation
documents, banking-related documents, auto insurance policies, real estate contracts, and
corporate employment policies. You can deploy SAP Document Builder as a standalone
application or integrate it with other SAP or non-SAP components. For example, you can
generate business documents required in a procurement system and store them in an electronic
data storage system.
The SAP Document Builder supports you by:
1. Automating and streamlining the document-creation process.
2. Enforcing best practices.

3. Building documents that reflect company-specific styles and formats from one or
moreregulation sets.
1. Determining inclusion or exclusion of clauses based on legal regulations by means ofrules.

What is known as ‘Duet’?

A component under SAP xApps, ‘Duet’ is a first-of-its-kind software solution from SAP and
Microsoft that enables users to easily and quickly interact with SAP business processes and data
via their familiar Microsoft Office environment. The result of a groundbreaking collaboration
between SAP and Microsoft, it is the first joint product created by these two industry leaders and
is designed to revolutionize how IT workers interact with enterprise applications.
Duet enables:

1. Budget Monitoring: Schedule time-critical alerts and notifications to monitor cost

centers or internal orders, which are delivered directly to Microsoft Outlook.

2. Demand Planning: Create and use planning sheets, as well as analyze and manage
demand planning data from the SAP System using Microsoft Excel.

3. Duet Reporting:

What are all the Components of ‘SAP xApps’?

1. Duet
2. SAP Document Builder
3. SAP Global Trade Services
4. SAP xApp Manufacturing Integration and Intelligence
5. SAP xApp Resource and Portfolio Management
6. SAP xApp Product Definition
7. SAP xApp Cost and Quotation Management
8. SAP xApp Integrated Exploration and Production
 What is ‘SAP xApps’?

The ‘SAP xApps’ family of composite applications enables continuous business innovation
and provides the flexibility necessary to respond quickly and profitably to business changes.
They extend the value of core business investments and maximize the return on strategic assets:

employees, knowledge, products, business relationships, and IT.

SAP and SAP certified partners deliver these composite applications that drive specialized
business processes, provide comprehensive business insights, and focus on the needs of a variety
of industries. All these applications combine Web services and data from multiple systems in an
application design made possible by the SAP Composite Application Framework within the SAP
NetWeaver technology platform. This framework includes the methodology, tools, and run-time
environment to develop composite applications. It provides a consistent object model and a rich
user experience, and gives developers a productive way to create composite applications on top
of a set of heterogeneous applications.

What ‘Industry Solutions’ (IS) are Available from SAP?

There are 22 Industry Solutions available from SAP. They are:

1. SAP for Aerospace and Defense
2. SAP for Automotive
3. SAP for Banking
4. SAP for Consumer Products
5. SAP Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable
6. SAP for Defense and Security
7. SAP for Engineering, Construction and Operations
8. SAP for Financial Service Providers
9. SAP for Healthcare
1. SAP for Higher Education and Research
1. SAP for High Tech
1. SAP for Insurance
1. SAP for Media
1. SAP for Mill Products
1. SAP for Mining
1. SAP for Oil and Gas
1. SAP for Professional Services
1 SAP for Public Sectors
1. SAP for Retail
2. SAP for Telecommunications
2. SAP for Utilities
2. SAP for Wholesale Distribution
 What are the Most Recent Releases of the ‘SAP R/3' Solution?

SAP R/3 Enterprise Release 4.70

SAP R/3 Release 4.6C/4.6B/4.5B/4.0B

What are the Components of the ‘SAP Business Suite’?

1.SAP Customer Relationship Management (CRM 5.0)

2.SAP Supply Chain Management (SCM 5.0)
3.SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
SAP SRM 2007
SAP Catalog Content Management (SRM-MDM 1.0)
4.SAP Product Life Cycle Management
SAP Product Life Cycle Management 4.00
SAP Environment, Health, and Safety 2.7B
SAP PLM Recipe Management 2.1
Audit Management
5.SAP Compliance Management for SOA
Management of Internal controls 1.0
6.SAP Learning Solution 2.00

7.SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM)

What are the Components of ‘NetWeaver’?

By providing an open integration and application platform and permitting the integration of the

Enterprise Services Architecture, SAP NetWeaverhelps unify business processes across

technological boundaries, integrating applications for employees as needed, and
accessing/editing simple information easily in a structured manner.
Components include:
1. Security
2. People Integration
Multi-channel Access
Portal
Collaboration
3. Information Integration
Business Intelligence
4. BI (Business Intelligence) Content
Knowledge Management
Master Data Management
5. Process Integration
Integration Broker
 Business Process Management
6. Application Platform
Java
ABAP
Business Services
Connectivity
DB and OS Abstraction
SAP Knowledge Warehouse
7. Life Cycle Management
Customizing
Software Change Management
System Management

What are the Components of the ‘SAP ERP’ Solution?

1. SAP ERP Central Component (ECC 6.0)

2. SAP SEM (Strategic Enterprise Management) (SEM 6.0)
3. SAP cProject Suite (Project and Portfolio Management 4.0)
4. SAP SRM for ERP (SRM 5.0)
5. SAP Catalog Content Management (CCM 2.0 for ERP 2004)
6. SAP Internet Sales for ERP

What are the Solutions Currently Available from SAP?

.Currently, SAP Solutions include the following:

1. . SAP ERP
2. SAP
3. SAP Business Suite
4. SAP R/3 and R/3 Enterprise
5. SAP for Industries
6. SAP xApps

7. SAP Solution Manager

What is ‘SAP Business One’?

‘SAP Business One’ is the low-cost, easy-to-implement business management solution from
SAP for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). Unlike regular ERP software from SAP, this
solution gives managers on-demand access to critical real-time information through ‘one single
 system’ containing financial, customer relationship management, manufacturing, and
management control capabilities. As a result, the solution enables rapid employee productivity,
while empowering managers to make better business decisions to stay ahead of the competition.
Equipped with a user-friendly interface, SAP Business One serves as your central ERP hub with
standard interfaces to internal and external data sources, handheld computers, CRM applications,
and other leading analysis tools. SAP Business One is based on the Microsoft Windows platform
making it easier to comprehend and use. The application comes with a ‘demo company,’ which
can be used by the implementing company to become familiar with functionalities.
The modules of SAP Business One include:
1. Administration
2. Financials
3. Sales Opportunities
4. Sales—A/R
5. Purchasing—A/P
6. Business Partners
7. Banking
8. Inventory

In 2002, SAP AG purchased an Israel-based developer of business applications called

TopManage Financial Systems; SAP renamed its product Business One. SAP Business One is
targeted for small and medium enterprises (SME). Due to its low implementation cost and SAP
support, most SME find Business One affordable compared to SAP R/3 or mySAP ERP. SAP
Business One consists of the following core modules:
1. Administration Module—This module is similar to the IMG menu in SAP R/3,where
configuration is performed .
2. Financials Module—This module takes care of an entity’s accounting needs; this is similar to
FICO of R/3.
3. Sales Opportunities Module—This is where existing customers and potential accounts are
structured and tracked.
4. Sales Module—Module where orders are entered, shipped, and invoiced; this is similar to the
SD module of R/3.
5. Purchasing Module—Module where purchase orders are issued and goods are received into
inventory; this is similar to the MM module of R/3.
6. Business Partners Module—Module where business partners (customers, vendors, and leads)
are contacted and maintained.
7. Banking Module—Like the SAP R/3 banking module, this module records payments and
receipts.
8. Inventory Module—This module, integrated with the purchase module, helps inventory
evaluation.
9. Production Module—Module that takes care of production processes.
10. MRP Module—Module that determines purchase requirements and checks product or
material availability.
11. Service Module—This sub-module handles contact management for after-sale service.
12. Human Resources Module—Module where employee information is kept; similar to the HR
module in R/3.
13. Reports Module—Helps to build new reports. Here we will find delivered reports.
What is an ‘SAP Solution Map’?

mySAP ERP, besides supporting your most important business processes, also provides tools to
help you understand how these processes work. One such tool is the ‘SAP Solution
Map,’ a multi-level blueprint of processes, which helps you visualize, plan, and implement a
coherent,integrated, and comprehensive IT solution. SAP Solution Maps also show how various
processes are covered, including the processes that SAP and its partners support. With solution
maps, you quickly understand business solutions and the business value they can bring.

64. Explain ‘C-Maps.’

‘C-Maps’ or C-Business Maps (Collaborative Business Maps) represent a comprehensive
portfolio of industry-specific and cross-industry process blueprints that show you how the
mySAP.com e-business platform can help your business. These maps define the activities, roles,
system interfaces, and business documents required for inter-enterprise collaboration. They also
show which SAP Solutions and Services you need to make your organization a truly
collaborative
e-business.
C-Business Maps explain what happens when you deploy e-business solutions to integrate
existing resources and transcend the borders of individual enterprises. They give you a complete
picture of the benefits and advantages of collaborative business processes.
65. What is the Advantage of SAP’s ‘Smart Implementations’?
‘Smart Implementations’ contain pre-configuration, documentation, installation, and
configuration accelerators for specific my SAP components. Smart Implementations provide
tools to assist with technical infrastructure planning, installation of necessary components,
system configuration and integration into an existing SAP system landscape, and infrastructure
management in a production system.
The Smart Implementation for the mySAP Workplace includes the following installation and
configuration features:
􀂃 Easy system infrastructure configuration with the Configuration Assistant
􀂃 Automatic mySAP Workplace component installation
􀂃 Easy integration of multiple component systems
􀂃 Pre-configuration of all software components, including the Web server and Internet
Transaction Server (ITS)
􀂃 Basis customization of the SAP R/3 System (Workplace Server)
􀂃 The System Administration Assistant, an easy-to-use tool providing a comprehensive
administration concept to support the system administrator in important tasks.
66. What is the ‘SAP Solution Architect’?
The ‘SAP Solution Architect’ is the portal that integrates all content, tools, and methodologies
necessary for the solution-oriented evaluation, implementation, quick adaptation, and continuous
improvement of the mySAP.com e-Business platform. It is fully integrated into the Customer
Engagement Life Cycle (CEL), open to partner content, and an integral part of the SAP Service
Infrastructure.
In one portal, the SAP Solution Architect integrates:
􀂃 Best Practices for mySAP.com to evaluate, implement, and extend e-Business solutions.
􀂃 Tried and tested implementation tools such as the Implementation Guide (IMG) and the
Test Workbench.
􀂃 Access to C-Business Maps for in-depth information on collaborative business scenarios.
􀂃 The ASAP method for running mySAP.com projects.
􀂃 An authoring environment with which customers and partners can create their own
preconfigured
implementation solutions.
􀂃 Access to evaluation products such as the E-Business Case Builder and the Solution
Composer.
The benefits of using the SAP Solution Architect include:
􀂃 Consistent access to all contents, tools, and methods for evaluating, implementing,
adapting, and continuously improving your mySAP.com e-business solution.
􀂃 Rapid evaluation and implementation with Best Practices for mySAP.com.
􀂃 Tried and tested evaluation and implementation tools that have been enhanced
specifically for use with mySAP.com.
􀂃 Improved project communication and efficiency through a central portal.
􀂃 A consistent and integrated approach that passes the business-oriented project definition
from one phase to the next.
􀂃 Complete alignment with the ASAP Roadmap.
􀂃 Information about updates, training, and changes via the SAP Service Marketplace.
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72. What is known as the ‘Go-Live Check’?

The ‘Go-Live Check’ is done just before you cut over to ‘live’ (production) operation in a
project.
This is to test whether the system is properly configured to meet the requirements of the
business.
The check includes detecting problems in the (a) SAP R/3 Application, (b) Database, and (c)
Operating System.
First, the Go-live Check involves an analysis of the major system components of the R/3
installation with regard to system consistency and reliability. For this, SAP experts log on to
your
R/3 system via a remote connection, inspect the configuration of individual system components,
and provide valuable recommendations for system optimization. By analyzing the individual
system components before production start up, SAP can considerably improve the availability
and performance of the customer’s live system. In addition, the technical application analysis
provides information on how to speed up the core processes within R/3.
Secondly, the transactions with high resource consumption are searched for and necessary
adjustments are made.
Thirdly, the changes from the two prior sessions are validated. This check is performed in the
productive operation system.
After a system goes live, some fine tuning and eliminating of potential bottlenecks is still
necessary. This is carried out four weeks after ‘going live’ with the R/3 System.
73. When Should You Conduct ‘Business Process Re-engineering’
(BPR)?
Typically ‘Business Process Re-engineering (BPR)’ needs to be completed well before the
SAP implementation starts. This will help to identify any improvements that can be made prior
to
implementation and begin the process of change within the organization. Improvements that will
be system-enabled will form part of the implementation and also help the project team to identify
areas of change.
However, it is also possible (but not recommended if there are large areas requiring total process
re-engineering) to do BPR during the business blueprint phase provided the project team works
within the boundary of the initial scope provided.
74. What are ‘User Parameters’?
SAP provides a way of lessening your day-to-day data entry operations by facilitating default
entries for fields, and bringing out the most suitable Display Variant for document display,
document entry, open/line item processing, etc. The user parameters, also known as ‘Editing
Options,’ are a boon as they save time and result in greater accuracy as data entry errors are
eliminated with the default values.
You can, among many alternatives, set:
1. The system to default the ‘exchange rate’ from the first line item.
2. A preference so that the user does not process any ‘special GL transactions’ or ‘foreign
currency transactions.’
3. That the document needs to be complete before it is ‘parked.’
4. The system to calculate the tax component on the ‘net’ invoice and not on the ‘gross.’
5. Your document currency either as the ‘local currency’ or as the one used in the last document.
6. The system to make a currency conversion if documents are to be fetched from ‘archives.’
7. Documents to be displayed using a ‘reference number.’
8. ‘Payment reference’ to be used as a selection item in open item processing.
9. To activate branch/head office ‘dialogue’ while processing line items.

Describe the data types that can be used in SAP solutions.

There are three types of data in SAP:

(1) Master data–Customer master, Vendor Master, and Assets Master,

(2) Transactional Data–Purchase, Sale, Payment and Receipts

(3) Table Data–Document Type SAP Delivered Data, and so on.

ABAP and Basis
18. What is ‘Basis’?
‘Basis’ is a collection of R/3 programs, which provide the run-time environment for ABAP/4.
Imagine Basis as something that is ‘sitting’ in between the ABAP/4 program code and the
computer’s operating system. Basis reads ABAP/4 program code and interprets the same into
operating system instructions; without Basis you cannot execute any of your ABAP/4 programs.
SAP provides a plethora of tools to administer Basis, which ultimately helps to monitor system
configuration, system performance, and system maintenance. The Basis administrator is usually
called the ‘Basis Consultant.’
19. Explain the SAP R/3 ‘System Architecture.’
SAP R/3 is based on a 3-tier Client-Server model, represented by the:
􀂃 Database Layer
􀂃 Application Layer
􀂃 Presentation Layer
In a 3-tier Client server model, all the above three layers run on three different machines.
The Database Layer consists of an RDBMS (Relational Database Management System), which
accepts the database requests from the Application Layer, and sends the data back to the
Application Layer, which in turn passes it on to the Presentation Layer.
The Application Layer or the server interprets the ABAP/4 programs, receiving the inputs from
them and providing the processed output to them.
The Presentation Server or ‘Presentation Layer’ is what is installed on the typical workstation
of
a user. This is nothing but the SAPGUI, which when started provides the user with the interface
of
SAP R/3 menus. This interface accepts the inputs from the user, passes them on to the
Application Server, processes the inputs and sends back the output. If database processing is
required, the Application Server sends the details to the Database Layer, receives the data, and
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then processes it at the Application Layer level and sends back the output to the Presentation
Layer where the SAPGUI may format the data before displaying it on the screen.
Figure 2: SAP R/3 System Architecture
20. What is an ‘Instance’?
An ‘Instance’ is an administrative unit that groups together components of an SAP R/3 system
or
simply an Application Server, which has its own set of work processes. A Client can contain
many
instances. Loosely defined, an instance refers to a server.
Sometimes the database is also referred to as an ‘instance.’ In this case it is called the ‘Central
Instance.’
21. What do You Mean by the ‘SAP R/3 System Landscape’?
The ‘System Landscape,’ in SAP, refers to a number of systems and their deployment within an
SAP installation. The various systems may be designated as Development, Test, and Production
Clients.

22. What is an ‘R/3 Data Dictionary’?

The ‘Data Dictionary’ is a collection of logical structures of various objects (Tables, Views, or
Structures) used in application development in SAP, which shows how they are mapped to the
underlying RDBMS in Tables/Views.
23. What is an ‘SAP Business Object’?
An ‘SAP Business Object’ is similar to real-world business objects such as Sales Order,
Invoice,
Employee, etc., which consist of various tables/programs that are related to each other in a
business context. All the business objects are maintained in the ‘BOR (Business Object
Repository).’

The various characteristics of an object are called ‘Attributes.’ For example, the business object
Sales Order is characterized by the following attributes:
􀂃 Date of the order
􀂃 Items of the order
􀂃 Prices of various items of the order
􀂃 Name of the customer to whom the order belongs to
The application program or programs used by the system to change or manipulate a business
object are known as Method(s). For example, a program could be used to (a) check the
availability of stock to deliver, (b) trace the shipment route, (c) check the item prices, (d) validate
the order date, etc.
So, attributes and methods collectively represent business objects in SAP.
24. Explain ‘Client-Dependent’ and ‘Client-Independent’ Tables.
There are certain tables, in SAP, which when changed will not affect similar tables in other
Clients.
These are known as ‘Client-Dependent’ tables. All Client-dependent tables have Mandt as their
first field.
On the other hand, if a change made in one Client is reflected in another table across various
Clients, then such a table is called ‘Client-Independent.’ In this case, the first field of the table
will
not be ‘Mandt.’ You need to be extra careful when changing the settings or content of these
tables as this will affect all the Clients.
25. What are the Different ‘Types’ of ‘ABAP/4 Programs’?
There are nine types of ABAP/4 programs in SAP:
􀂃 1 Executable Programs (ABAP Reports)
􀂃 I INCLUDE Program
􀂃 M Module Pool/Dialogue programs
􀂃 S Sub-Routine Pool
􀂃 J Interface Pool
􀂃 K Class Pool
􀂃 T Type Pool
􀂃 F Function Group
􀂃 X XSLT Program
26. What are ‘Internal Tables’?
‘Internal Tables’ are standard data type objects which exist only during the Runtime of an
ABAP/4 program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and
for re-organizing the contents of database tables according to a user’s need. Internal tables fulfil
the need for arrays in ABAP/4.
There are three types of internal tables:
􀂃 Standard Tables with a ‘linear’ index. The key is always ‘non-unique.’
􀂃 Sorted Tables with either a ‘unique’ or ‘non-unique’ key.
􀂃 Hashed Tables (they do not have a linear index) with the key defined always as ‘unique.’
27. What is a ‘Logical Database’?
A ‘Logical Database’ is a special data-retrieval program delivered by SAP, with its own
dynamic
Selection Screens. You need to code only the processing logic (GET, CHECK, etc., statements).
The logical database consists of a ‘read’ program in which the structure of the local database is
reproduced with a selection screen.
Advantages:
􀂃 Check functions to validate that user input is complete and correct.
􀂃 Meaningful data selection.
􀂃 Central authorization checks for database accesses.
􀂃 Excellent read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined
by the application logic.
28. What are the Two Methods for Modifying SAP ‘Standard Tables’?
You can modify SAP ‘Standard Tables’ using:
􀂃 Append Structures
􀂃 Customizing INCLUDES
29. What is ‘BDC’ Programming in SAP?
‘BDC (Batch Data Conversion)’ is an automated procedure for transferring large volumes of
external or legacy data into the SAP system using batch input programming. There are three
ways to do this:
􀂃 Call Transaction Method
􀂃 Session Method
􀂃 Direct Input Method
Irrespective of the method, the techniques use the following steps:
o Identify the screens of the transaction that the program will process.
o Write a program to build the BDC table that will be used to submit the data (i.e.,
text file) to SAP.
o Submit the BDC table to the system in the ‘batch mode’ or as a ‘single
transaction’ by the CALL TRANSACTION command.
The ‘Call Transaction’ method cannot be used when you want to process multiple transactions.
Instead, use the ‘BDC-insert function’ to achieve this.
30. What is the ‘BAPI’?
The ‘BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface)’ is SAP’s standardized application
interface for integrating third party applications with SAP’s business processes and data thereby
providing an entry into the R/3 system. A BAPI may be used to create a ‘business object’ or to
change the attributes of a business object. Note that the assignment of a BAPI to a business
object is always 1-to-1.
A BAPI Explorer helps you to move around the collection of BAPIs in the system, which is
grouped both hierarchically and alphabetically. For each BAPI in the explorer, you are provided
with several tabs for details, documentation, tools, and projects (to create new BAPIs).
A BAPI can:
􀂃 Create a Purchase Order
􀂃 Change a Purchase Requisition
􀂃 Create a Customer
􀂃 Display an Invoice

32. Is ‘SAP XI’ Intended to Replace ‘ALE’?

Most ALE solutions are custom built with very little re-usability and scalability. The introduction
of
SAP XI along with the NetWeaver technology replaces ALE with out-of-box functionality
available
in SAP XI.

35. What is a ‘Match Code’ in SAP?

‘Match Codes’ (now known as Search Help with release 4.6) help to search and retrieve data
when the key of a record is not known. The technique involves (a) creating a ‘Match Code
Object’ (now known as a ‘Search Help Object’) and (b) specifying a ‘Match Code ID.’ The
system helps you to access the match codes (search help) in the following ways:
􀂃 Keeping the cursor in the field, and then pressing ‘F4.’
􀂃 Keeping the cursor in the field, clicking the ‘right’ button on the mouse, and then selecting
‘possible entries.’
􀂃 Keeping the cursor in the field, and then clicking on the ‘magnifying glass.’

36. What is a ‘Drill-down’ Report?

A ‘Drill-Down Report,’ also called an Interactive Report, is a report with more detail. Imagine
that you are looking at a Balance Sheet, presented as a ‘drill-down’ report.
The topmost list, also known as the ‘Basic List,’ contains the top-level information such as
current assets, fixed assets, etc., under the grouping ‘assets’ on one side of the Balance Sheet.
The ‘drill-down’ functionality helps you select a line item from the Basic List (e.g., fixed assets)
and ‘drill-down’ further to a detailed list (‘secondary list’) which displays various components
of
the fixed assets such as land, buildings, machinery, etc. You may ‘drill-down’ even further by
doubleclicking the ‘building’ line, which will bring up the next detailed list and so on.
You will be able to create a ‘drill-down’ report with a maximum ‘drill’ level of 20; that is,
including
the Basic List you will have a total of 21 levels in a single ‘drill-down’ report.
Figure 5: Drill-down report

37. What is ‘ALV’ Programming in ABAP?

SAP provides a set of ‘ABAP List viewer (ALV)’ function modules, which can be used to
enhance the readability and functionality of any report output. This is particularly useful in a
situation where the output of a report contains columns extending 255 characters in length. In
such cases, this set of ALV functions can help the user to choose and arrange columns from a
report output and also save different variants for report display. This is very efficient for
dynamically sorting and arranging the columns and provides a wide array of display options.

38. What is ‘DynPro’?

‘DynPro’ in SAP refers to Dynamic Programming relating to the screens and ‘flow logic,’ which
controls the processing and display of these screens. On a broader scale, a screen is also
referred to as a ‘DynPro.’

39. What is an ‘ABAP/4 Query’?

‘ABAP/4 Query’ (also known as an SAP Query or Query) is a powerful tool used to generate
simple reports without any coding. Typically, an ABAP/4 query is created first by defining a
User
Group and a Functional Group. The functional group can either be created with reference to a
‘logical’ table or a database table. Once the functional group is defined, the user group is
assigned to the functional group. The last step is to create the query on the functional group that
is generated.
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An ABAP/4 Query can be used to create the following three types of reports:
􀂃 Basic Lists: Reports with basic formatting without any calculated fields.
􀂃 Statistics: Reports with statistical functions such as average, percentages, etc.
􀂃 Ranked Lists: Ranked lists are used for analytical purposes.
40. What are the Components of ‘SAPscript’?
‘SAPscript’ is the SAP System’s own text-processing system. SAPscript is tightly integrated
and
used for many text-processing tasks. SAP Standard Styles and Layout Sets are always held in
Client 000.
Layout Sets are used for the Page Layout of SAPscript documents. A ‘layout set’ has the
following elements:
􀂃 Header Data: Data related to development (created by, development class, etc.) and the
layout set information (which elements are used) are both stored in the header data. A start
page must be entered here.
􀂃 Paragraph Formats: Paragraph formats are required in layout sets. However, they are
also used for word processing in layout sets, for example, to format text elements.
􀂃 Character Formats: You can also use character formats to format texts or paragraphs.
Unlike paragraph formats, however, they are used to format text within a paragraph.
􀂃 Windows: Windows are names and window types, which are not physically positioned
until they are allocated to pages and units of measurement are specified.
􀂃 Pages: Pages are defined to provide the system with a start and end point in text
formatting.
􀂃 Page Windows: Page windows are the combination of windows and pages, where the
dimensions of a window and its position on a page are specified.

41. Why Do We Need ‘Enhancements’?

The standard R/3 application may not offer some of the functionality you need for a particular
customer or for a particular situation. The R/3 ‘Enhancement’ functionality allows you to add
your own functionality to SAP’s standard business applications or modify the standard one to
suit
the particular need.
The enhancement may be done through:
􀂃 Customer exits
Customers’ potential requirements, which do not form a part of the standard software, are
incorporated in the standard R/3 as empty modification ‘shells.’ Customers can then fill these
with their own coding. SAP guarantees that all such exists will remain valid across all future
releases. The customer exits include:
o Menu Exits
o Screen Exits
o Function Module Exits
o Keyword Exits
􀂃 ABAP/4 Dictionary Elements
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These are ABAP/4 Dictionary Enhancements (creation of table appends), Text
Enhancements (customer-specific keywords and documentation for data elements), and
Field Exits (creation of additional coding for data elements).
42. Differentiate ‘Screen Painter’ from ‘Menu Painter.’
‘Screen Painter’ is an ABAP Workbench tool used to create or modify the screens for your
transactions. The screen painter allows you to make modifications to screen attributes, the flow
control logic, or the layout.
Figure 6: Screen Painter
‘Menu Painter’ is a tool used to design the interface components. Status, Menu Bars, Menu
Lists,
F-key settings, Functions, and Titles are the components of Menu Painter.
Figure 7: Menu Painter
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Both the screen painter and menu painter are graphical interfaces of ABAP/4 applications.
43. What is a ‘Modification Assistant’?
The ‘Modification Assistant’ is the tool that offers you support when making modifications to
the
standard, by branching to a ‘special modification mode’ whenever you are modifying objects
from
the standard in an ABAP workbench editor. Originals are initially protected in this mode and can
only be changed with the help of the additional ‘pushbuttons’ that are placed at your disposal.
All changes that you make to the system are logged with the help of the Modification Assistant.
This provides you with a detailed overview of modifications that is easy to read and that
dramatically reduces the amount of effort needed to upgrade your system.
The Modification Assistant offers support in the following areas:
􀂃 ABAP Editor
􀂃 Class Builder
􀂃 Screen Painter
􀂃 Menu Painter
􀂃 Text Element maintenance
􀂃 Function Builder
􀂃 ABAP Dictionary
If an object can be edited using the Modification Assistant, a dialogue box appears the first time
that you attempt to edit that object informing you that editing functions are limited in
modification
mode. This dialogue box appears exactly once per user for each of the various kinds of transport
objects.
44. What is a ‘Spool Request’?
‘Spool Requests’ are generated during ‘dialogue’ or ‘background’ processing and placed in the
spool database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is placed in
the Tem Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
45. What is the ‘CTS’?
The ‘Change and Transport System (CTS)’ is a tool that helps to organize development
projects (in the ABAP workbench) and customize data (in customizing), and then move/transport
these changes between the SAP Systems/Clients in your system landscape. An example is
moving the configuration settings from ‘development’ to ‘test’ and finally to the ‘production’
Client.
The changes (such as the creation of a new Company Code, changing a document type, etc.) are
assigned to a ‘transport request’ and transported by the Basis or System Administrator.

48. What is an ‘Authorization’ in SAP?

An ‘Authorization’ is the process of giving someone permission to do or have something. In
multi-user SAP systems, a SAP Basis Administrator defines for the system which users are
allowed access to the system and what privileges of use each user gets (such as access to
transactions, etc.).

53. Can You Transport ‘Variants’ of Multiple Programs in One Step?

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Yes. Use program RSTRANSP using Transaction Code: SE38.
54. What is ‘SAPNet’?
The ‘SAPNet’ R/3 Front-end provides a remote connection to SAP’s service and support group
to
provide assistance in the event of an implementation project system or production system
problem. Additionally, the SAPNet R/3 Front-end provides information on the latest high-
priority
SAP system information, including error alarm messages that help you prevent problems before
they occur. You can also find release, installation, upgrade, and migration information. This
functionality is included in the standard SAP R/3 Basis System. Connection is made using ISDN
or a leased line through the project’s telecommunications service provider.

SAP Tickets - What Is That?

Handling tickets is called Issue Tracking system. The errors or bugs forwarded by the end user to
the support team are priority basis. Each and every severity as got its time limits before that we
have to fix the error. The main job of the supporting consultant is to provide assistance online to
the customer or the organization.

Tickets usually occur during the implementation or after the implementation of the project.

What is maintaining SAP SLA in production support?

SLA is an abbreviation for "Service Level Agreement". It means to have guaranteed reaction or
resolving times for incidents (= trouble tickets).

Gold: Reaction time = 30 minutes, resolving time = 4 hours

Silver: Reaction time = 4 hours, resolving time = 24 hours

SLAs normally are part of a contract between a customer and a service provider.

High priority incident has to be resolved on 10 hours. Medium priority incident has a 3 days time
to resolve etc.

These are defined in project preparation phase and client would have made an agreement with
the company for the level of service. The SLA's are applicable in Production as well as
maintenance support projects.

For example: if your company follows a ticketing process (a ticket is nothing but an environment
contains complete description of the problem which contains Short description, problem,
customer contact details, screen shots of the error etc.,)

SLA's has two important time specifications

1. IPRT --- initial problem response time --- this is nothing but time taken to respond to the
problem.

2. PRT --- Problem response time ----- this is nothing but time taken to solve the issue or
problem.

Both IPRT and PRT will be different for different severitie's.

How to prepare functional specification document in SAP?

The Functional Spec (Specification) which is a comprehensive document is created after the
(SRS) Software Requirements Document. It provides more details on selected items originally
described in the Software Requirements Template. Elsewhere organizations combine these two
documents into a single document.

The Functional Specification document to create a detailed design document that explains in
detail how the software will be designed and developed.

Functional specs are prepared by functional consultants on any functionality.

Functional specs are written when the standard SAP is not able to meet the client's requirement.
Based on the functional spec the ABAPer will write the technical design doc. and then the
functional guy will test the same in the system and document the results in his test script.

We come across 3 situations which calls for functional specs to be written:

1. Enhancements /modifications. If business requires some special procedure.

2. Reports, Client's customized reports.

3. Interface, EDI interface involves ALE/IDOC.

What are the differences between a functional and business consultant?

The difference between Functional consultant and Business consultant are as follows:

1) A functional consultant is able to configure the system unlike business consultant.

2) Functional consultant know more about business process unlike Business consultant.

3) Functional consultant has more configuration knowledge then Business consultant.

The responsibilities of a support consultant are:

- Primarily responsible for Handling tickets and application support to the end users

- When an issue comes diagnose, analyze and solve the issue

- Responsible for any enhancements

- Writing functional specs and interacting with Abapers to develop any user exits

- Training the end users and preparing end user training material

SAP testing roles and responsibilities

Testing : the core team members along with end users will test whether the postings done in SAP
is resulting as per the requirements of the organization. They will test whether the output
documents such as purchase order, invoice document are printed in the required format and
showing the correct data.

Testing methodologies and types: there are 6 types of testings:

1. Unit Testing

2. System Testing

3. System Integration security Testing

4. Performance Testing

5. User Acceptance testing

6. Regression Testing

Unit testing the module which are going to implement. SD, MM, FICO etc. there will be test
script based on that testing will be performed. Unit testing is done in bit and pieces. Like e.g. in
SAP SD standard order cycle; we do have 1-create order, then 2-delivery, then 3-transfer order,
then 4-PGI and then 5-Invoice. So we will be testing 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 separately alone one by one
using test cases and test data. We will not be looking and checking/testing any integration
between order and delivery; delivery and TO; TO and PGI and then invoice.

Integration testing will be cross the modules. MM-SD-FICO for example. Integration testing is
also called SIT (System integration testing) . Whereas System testing you will be testing the full
cycle with it's integration, and you will be testing using test cases which give a full cyclic test
from order to invoice.

Security testing you will be testing different roles and functionalities and will check and sign-off.

Performance testing is referred to as how much time / second will take to perform some actions,
like e.g. PGI. If BPP definition says 5 seconds for PGI then it should be 5 and not 6 second.
Usually it is done using software.

Regression testing is referred to a test which verifies that some new configuration does not
adversely impact existing functionality. This will be done on each phase of testing.

User Acceptance Testing: Refers to Customer testing. The UAT will be performed through the
execution of predefined business scenarios, which combine various business processes. The user
test model is comprised of a sub-set of system integration test cases.

What is the Difference between Consultant & End users?

SAP consultant role is to build the system, changes & modification/updating in currently
installed SAP system for the end users.
The roles and responsibilities of end users is working in easy access menu they will not have
authorizations of using img settings if they get doubt they will send query to the implemented
company and just entering day to day transactions.

Explain what are the job responsibilities of END user & POWER user.

One would need user id and password to access SAP be it a developer, consultant, administrator,
or end user.

End user is the one who performs transactions in SAP after it goes live. Such as posting an
invoice, goods receipt, creating purchase orders, sales orders etc.

Power Users are users with advanced knowledge in certain applications and with special
permissions or roles. They work in the specialist departments in the company and are available to
other users as contact persons.

During the SAP Implementation Project, what is the Role of Core Team Member &
Consultants?

The main responsibility of the core team member to explain company’s processes to the SAP
Consultants. The consultants will be providing the core team members with templates, that will
describe the format of the AS-IS documentation wherein the core team members will write the
different processes of the company into these documents and submit it to the SAP Consultants.

The SAP consultants will then start mapping this into the system and provide the best possible
solution that can be incorporated using the TO-BE documents. The SAP consultants will then
train the core team members for how to use the SAP system.

What Are SAP End User Manual

In the client side, End Users are not permanent. If they get any better job outside they will resign
and go out

Hence we should prepare a document which explains the following things comfortably:

A) All the buttons and Screens we have in SAP and its importance for an end-user.

D) Prepare a book a table and columns which should have the following information:

- S.NO.

- Transaction Codes
- Navigation path

- Use of the Code

- Expected Result

- Achieved Result

- Remarks/Any Comment

Explain what is user specific parameter.

User parameter:

You can fill fields on screens with default values from SAP memory using parameter IDs.

For example, a user only has authorization for company code 0001. By entering the value '0001'
in field COCD in the Parameter register in this users master record (SU01), the system
automatically fills the field Company code with the value ‘001’ on all screens he or she calls. If
this company code is not predetermined using a parameter ID in the user master record, the
system automatically adopts the first value entered by the user at the beginning of the transaction
for the rest of the current terminal session

How to create a new user parameter id , so that i can assign the same in SU01?

You can do in SE80, choose Other Objects, Enter name and Create.

If you want create parameter id 'TEST' means:

STEP 1:

First add value 'TEST' in TPARA Table.

STEP 2 :

Assign value to parameter id

DATA : LV_TEST TYPE CHAR10.

LV_TEST = 'TEST'.

SET PARAMETER ID 'TEST' FIELD LV_TEST.

To create a Parameter Id for a Data Element.

In SE11 --> Data element name --> Further Characteristics -->

Parameter Id --> Type name example ZPARA --> Dbl click in it and create.
Name the three different kinds of messages in the R/3 system. What is the difference
between them?

A message can have five different types.

A (=Abend):

The system displays a message of this message type in a dialog window. After the user confirms
the message using ENTER, the system terminates the entire transaction (for example SE38).

E (=Error) or W (=Warning):

The system displays a message of this message type in the status line. After the user chooses

I (=Information):

The system displays a message of this message type in a dialog window. After the user chooses
ENTER , the system resumes processing at the current program position.

S (=Success):

The system displays a message of this message type on the output screen in the status line of the
currently created list.

Find the list of SAP Transaction codes

Use transaction SE11 - ABAP Dictionary:

Fill in the Database table name and click the Display button.

- TSTC table will contain all the Tcodes and

- TSTCT table will contain all the Tcodes with Texts.

Once you entered the screen, click in Top Menu - Utilities - Table contents - Display

Simply goto transaction SM01, although this tcode is to Lock/Unlock any transaction code, you
can also view all the tcode available in the R/3 system from here.

or

Goto transaction SE93

There are two ways where you can find the list of transaction codes in SE93.

Method 1:
You must be familiar with the starting characters strings for each of the R/3 application modules.

Materials Management transaction codes start with MM.

In the Fields: Transaction code, type in MM* and press the function key F4

Method 2:

On the Top Menu, click Utilities - Find - Execute and the first 500 transaction will be display.

How can I insert new data in the table?

How to delete a record in SE16 ?

To delete the records from particular table its easy.

Goto : se11

- Give the table name

- Execute the table with the selection fields

- Then data (list) screen will be displayed.

- Now select the record which has to be deleted

- Select that and switch 'on' the Debugging mode press enter

- Then press F6 goes to subroutine where there is field called display

- Instead change it to edit and then save the changes then it will take you to the screen where you
can edit that records & also delete that particular records.

How to edit entries of table in se11 ?

To update the data of any table, go to transaction SE16N, type “&SAP_EDIT”. It will activate
SAP editing function.

What is defect prevention?

It is technique used to find and rectify error before they effect development phase

Testing Tools

Test case
Test case is a template that every organization maintained and used to implemented data during
the project execusion according scenarios test cases are created

Manul testing

Automatic testing

How to create a SAP Test Case

Let’s design a test case to change the Name of an employee in SAP system

To create an effective test case, you must

• Determine SAP role required to execute the test case

• Identify the SAP transaction that needs to be executed for the test case

• Test Data required executing the test case. Determine whether the data needs to be
created or whether it used by another tester or whether the data is locked & cannot be modified.

• Any Pre-requisites

• Peer review Test cases

• Create positive as well negative scenarios

• Create detailed Test Steps.

• Test coverage should be robust

• Document defects in timely manner which is as soon as they are discovered.

SAP Functional unit testing

What does the following terms means :

- Technical Unit Testing

- Functional Unit Testing

- Integration Testing

- Volume Testing

- Parallel Testing?

Technical Unit Testing = Test of some technical development such as a user exit, custom
program, or interface. the test usually consists of a test data set that is processed according to the
new program. A successful test only proves the developed code works and that it performed the
process as as designed.

Functional Unit Testing = Test of configuration, system settings or a custom development (it
may follow the technical unit testing) These usually use actual data or data that is masked but
essentially the same as a real data set. A successful test shows that the development or
configuration works as designed and the data is accurate as a result.

Integration Testing = Testing a process, development or configuration within the context of any
other functions that the process, development or functionality will touch or integrate . The test
should examine all data involved across all modules and any data indirectly affected. A
successful test indicates that the processes work as designed and integrate with other functions
without causing any problems in any integrated areas.

Volume Testing = testing a full data set that is either actual or masked to insure that the entire
volume does cause system problems such as network transmission problems, system resources
issues, or any systemic problem, A successful test indicates that the processes will not slow or
crash the system due to a full data set being utilized.

Parallel Testing = Testing the new system or processes with a complete data set while running
the same processes in the legacy system. A successful test will show identical results when both
the legacy system and new system results are compared.

I would also note that when a new implementation is being done you will want to conduct
at least one cut over test from the old system to the new and you should probably do
several.

What kind of testings that are carried out in testing server?

1. Individual Testing ( Individually which we've created)

2. Regressive Testing ( Entire Process)

3. Integration Testing ( Along with other integrated modules)

The 3 types of testing is as follows:-

1. Unit testing (where an individual process relevant to a SD or SAP MM etc. is tested)

2. Integration testing (where a process is tested that cuts across all areas of SAP).

3. Stress testing (where lots of transactions are run to see if the system can handle the data)

What is the schema you use in Time Management?

Schema : TC00

What is the role of abapers? What is the Work Bench?

 Abaper is a application programmer who retrives the data from the database and show it
to the end-user with the help of report..out of three layers of SAP the abaper position is
on Application Layer in which SAP programs are develop and then transported to the
Production server...

 Workbench... The ABAP Workbench contains several tools that allow you to edit
specific repository objects. like ABAP Editor , Menu PAinter etc...

What is meant by access sequence? When it is used?

Condition type has an access sequence assigned to it which determines which tables to access for
data and in what sequence. This has a sequence of table based on the most specific to most
generic. It can be used for any new condition type creation.

How many versions of the implementation guides (IMGs) are available in SAP? What are
they?

There are three versions of the IMG available in SAP. These are:
■ Reference IMG— The reference IMG contains all configuration transactions available for all
functionalities/modules/submodules in the installed versions of SAP R/3. The reference IMG
represents the base set of configuration options from which SAP functionality can be configured.
All other versions of the IMG are subsets of the reference IMG.

■ Enterprise IMG —The enterprise IMG only contains configuration transactions that are
applicable to a specific company’s installation of SAP software. The enterprise IMG serves the
purpose of filtering out configuration options that are not required by a company if certain
modules are not implemented.

■ Project IMG —A project IMG contains a subset of the enterprise IMG configuration
transactions that need to be configured to complete a specifi c project.

What is the best practice for transporting configuration requests? How can you transport a
configuration request?
In standard SAP implementation, there will be three clients: (1) Development, (2) Quality, and
(3) Production. These three clients may be located within one server or on different servers for
each client. Confi guration will be carried out in the Development client and transported to the
Testing client. After satisfactory testing of the SAP R/3 system, confi guration will be
transported from the Development client to the Production client. If different servers are used for
different clients, the request is generated in the Development client, which has to be released first
through transaction code SE10. Then the basis consultant will move the request to QUALITY
through STMS,
which is really the job of the basis consultant. After thorough testing, you can again ask the basis
consultant to transport through STMS to move the request to the Production client.

If clients are located on the same server, transaction code SCC1 is used to transport requests
from one client to another client. For example, if in the Development server itself you have the
golden client (a SAP-specific word used for a good client), i.e., DEV and one more client for
Testing, you do not need to release the request in SE10. You can do this directly through
transaction code SCC1 in the Testing client by giving the request number. Here, you may not
require basis help.

After configuration you have to transport the configuration to the QAS or PRD. Can you
transport number ranges of documents, assets masters, customer masters, and vendor
masters in the same transport request?

No. These have to be transported separately. Number ranges are not automatically included in
transport requests. It is easy to overlay number range objects and get existing ranges out of the
system when you transport number ranges. It is recommended that you do not transport number
ranges, and instead set them up individually in each client. This is part of the cutover activities
for the go-live checklist.

How can you find the menu path when you know the transaction code?

There are two ways to fi nd the application menu when you know the transaction code. Note that
this is valid for the Easy Access Menu, not the IMG menu. The first way is to enter
SEARCH_SAP_MENU in OK and Command box
and press Enter . In the next screen, enter your desired transaction code and click on the check
mark. Now you will see the Search for a Transaction Code or Menu Title screen, which shows
the menu path. To reach your desired location, read the screen from the bottom up.
Another way to find the menu path is to press Ctrl+F on the SAP Easy Access screen, and enter
the transaction code in the pop-up screen; the system will lead you to the menu path.

How can you extend the SAP Easy Access Menu?

User groups may ask you to extend the SAP Easy Access Menu to include menus or submenus
within the SAP standard menu. For example, if a client has a large amount of customer reports
for their day-to-day use, they may want to include these reports in the SAP menu.
Follow these steps to include a report menu in the SAP Easy Access Menu:
1. Create your own area menu using transaction code SE43. While saving, you will need to
assign the proper development class. The system will then create a transport request for your area
menu.
2. Now you will need to include your new area menu in the SAP Easy Access area menu
(transaction code S000). Use transaction code SE43, enter transaction code S000 in the Area
menu field, and click on the Change icon. A pop-up window will appear with three options:
Extend, Change, and Cancel. Choose Extend and click on to create a new enhancement ID or
use an existing enhancement ID.
3. In the Edit Area Menu S000 screen, use the icons to add your area menu and save. The system
will create another transport request.
4. Now log off and log on again; you will fi nd your new menu in the SAP Easy Access Menu.
Similarly, you can extend the IMG menu through transaction code S_IMG_EXTENSION.

What do you do with errors in batch data conversion (BDC) sessions?

You use BDC to post data into SAP solutions with the help of the system. Sometimes, while
posting data through BDC, the system will encounter problems and cannot post data. When the
system encounters a problem, it will
create BDC error sessions. The following are common reasons for BDC error sessions:
■ Posting periods are locked
■ Changes in master data, e.g., in general ledger (G/L) accounts, profit centers are locked for
posting
■ Changes in screen layout of SAP program
These scenarios are only examples; there may be several reasons for errors. To process incorrect
BDC sessions, you need to find out the reasons for these error sessions. The easiest way to do
this is to analyze the BDC log. In transaction code SM35, select the BDC sessions in question
and click on the log.
The Batch input: Log Overview screen will appear; double-click on any of the rows of the Log
Overview tab to see an error screen. After analyzing the error, fix it and process the BDC
sessions.

How can you confi gure the FICO module without using the IMG menu?
As a functional consultant, you will have authorization to use the IMG menu, subject to your
user role. However, from an academic point of view, it is good to know how you can configure
the FICO module without using transaction code SPRO. You can do so by invoking the
following transaction codes, which are area menu transaction codes. You may find these types of
transactions through transaction code SE43.
■ ORFB (Financial Accounting [FI])
■ ORFA (Asset Accounting [AA])

What are the highest organizational units in Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials
Management (MM), Production Planning (PP), Financial Information (FI), and
Controlling Area (CO)?
1. SD—Sales Organizations
2. MM—Plant
3. PP—Plant
4. FI—Company Code
5. CO—Controlling Area

Report writer and painter

Report writer - We can use the Report Writer to define
reports. You use the Report Writer to create
reports from data in the Special Purpose Ledger (FI-SL) application component and other SAP
application components to meet your specific reporting requirements. The Report Writer is
a tool using which you can define reports.

Report Painter - We use the Report Painter to create reports from data in the Special Purpose
Ledger (FI-SL) application component and other R/3 application components to meet your
specific reporting requirements. Advantages - Easy and flexible report definition, Report
definition without using sets, Direct layout control

ABAP Query - used to create reports not already contained in the default. It has been designed
for users with little or no knowledge of the SAP programming language ABAP.SAP Query
offers users a broad range of ways to define reports and create different types of reports such as
basic lists, statistics, and ranked lists.

ABAP Report - A ABAP Report is the one which is used to display the output in the form of list
with out any GUI screen.It is less userinteraction. or Reading and displaying data, for example in
a list. Obsolete name for an execution program that can only implement reporting

What is application linking and enabling (ALE)?

ALE is a communication tool between SAP systems and/or non-SAP system. It
integrates various distributed systems through its intelligent mechanisms. ALE
technology facilitates rapid application prototyping and application interface development,
thus reducing implementation time.

What is IDOC?
An IDOC is an intermediate document, which is used to exchange data between
SAP R/3 and non-SAP systems. IDOCs are created through message types. IDOCs
consist of three components: (1) control record, (2) data segments, and (3) status
records.
1. Control records consist of a sender’s name, a receiver’s name, the IDOC type,
and the message type.
2. The data segment consists of a sequential segment number, a segment type
description, and a fi eld containing the actual data of the segment.
3. The status record shows the information status of the IDOC, i.e., whether it was
processed or is to be processed.

What are internal tables?

Internal tables are tables used only at run time that take data from other tables and
store that data in working memory in ABAP. In ABAP, internal tables fulfi ll the
function of arrays. While running an ABAP program, you are using internal tables
to append, insert, delete, and manipulate data, which you extracted from other
tables. Using internal tables increases system effi ciency. A particularly important use
for internal tables is for storing and formatting data from a database table within a
program. They are also a good way of including very complicated data structures
in an ABAP program.

What is structure and what are its advantages?

A structure is like a table in SAP solutions, but it does hold data. You are creating
structure in the ABAP/4 dictionary like a table and it can be accessed from ABAP/4
programs. During program run time, structure is used to transfer data between various
objects. Any change to the defi nition of the structure in the ABAP/4 dictionary
is automatically implemented in all programs.
While data in tables is stored permanently in the database, structures only
contain data during the run time of a program.

How can you fi nd out what transaction codes a user used within a particular time
span?
You can use transaction code STAT to fi nd out what activities or transaction codes
were used by a user on a particular day.

What is a workfl ow and what is its importance?

The SAP Business Workfl ow is a tool that automates business processes within SAP
solutions. You can use the SAP Business Workfl ow for simple business processes
like approval procedures or more complex processes like month-end and year-end
closing. The main advantages of the SAP Business Workfl ow are:
■ Reduction of time, i.e., no waiting time Increase in transparancy of the business process since you can store

process documentation within the workfl ow

■Increase in quality through the reduction of manual processes

You can configure the SAP Business Workflow through transaction code
SWDD.

What is Open SQL versus native SQL?

Open SQL consists of a set of Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP)
statements that run across the database. In other words, Open SQL is not database
dependent. Thus, Open SQL provides a uniform syntax and semantics for all of the
database systems supported by SAP solutions. Open SQL statements can only work
with database tables that have been created in the ABAP dictionary. ABAP native
SQL allows you to include database-specifi c SQL statements in an ABAP program.
Most ABAP programs containing database-specifi c SQL statements do not run with
different databases. If different databases are involved, use Open SQL. To execute
ABAP native SQL in an ABAP program, use the statement EXEC.

What is the SAP® implementation roadmap and what steps are involved in it?
The SAP implementation roadmap is a standard process provided by SAP AG for smooth SAP implementation and
is called the ASAP Roadmap. The ASAP Roadmap consists of five phases: (1) Project Preparation, (2) Business
Blueprint, (3) Realization, (4) Final Preparation, and (5) Going Live and Support.

Project Preparation—I n this phase of the ASAP Roadmap, decision-makers defi ne

clear project objectives and an effi cient decision-making process. Here, project
organization and roles are defi ned and implementation scope is fi nalized.
■ Business Blueprint—I n this phase, the scope of the R/3 implementation is defi ned
and the Business Blueprint is created. The Business Blueprint is a detailed documentation
of the customer’s requirements.
■ Realization—T he purpose of Phase 3 is to configure the R/3 system. The
configuration is carried out in two steps: baseline configuration and final
confi guration.
■ Final Preparation— The purpose of this phase is to complete the final
preparation of the R/3 system for going live. This includes testing, user training,
system management, and cutover activities to fi nalize your readiness to
go live.
■ Going Live and Support—D uring this phase, the fi rst early watch session should
be held, where SAP experts analyze the system’s technical infrastructure. The
aim is to ensure the system functions as smoothly as possible.

What does system landscape mean?

The system landscape represents the SAP system deployment at your implementation site. There are three-system
landscape exists, consisting of the development server (DEV), quality assurance server (QAS), and production
server (PRD).
The objective is to enhance “confi guration pipeline management.”
The system landscape is the system structure that you have for your implementation project.

What are specs?

Specs represent specifications. In an information technology (IT) environment, you will find two kinds of
specifications: (1) functional specifications and (2) technical specifications. These documents contain the business
requirements, such as inputs, solutions, processing logic, and so on.

Functional specification : The documentation typically describes what is needed by the system user as well as
requested properties of inputs and outputs.
The functional specifi cation is business-oriented.
Technical specifi cation : While the functional specifi cation is business-oriented,
the technical specifi cation is system-oriented and discusses programming.

How many versions of the implementation guides (IMGs) are available in SAP?
What are they?
There are three versions of the IMG available in SAP. These are:
■ Reference IMG— The reference IMG contains all confi guration transactions available for all
functionalities/modules/submodules in the installed versions of SAP R/3. The reference IMG represents the base set
of confi guration options from which SAP functionality can be confi gured. All other versions of the IMG are
subsets of the reference IMG.
■ Enterprise IMG —The enterprise IMG only contains confi guration transactions that are applicable to a specifi c
company’s installation of SAP software. The enterprise IMG serves the purpose of fi ltering out confi guration
options that are not required by a company if certain modules are not implemented.
■ Project IMG —A project IMG contains a subset of the enterprise IMG confi guration transactions that need to be
confi gured to complete a specifi c project.

In SAP solutions, is it possible to have a self-defi ned transaction code?

Yes, self-defined reports, transactions, and functions are possible within SAP solutions. Customized T-codes can be
created by using transaction code SE93.

What is the best practice for transporting confi guration requests? How can you
transport a configuration request?
Configuration will be carried out in the Development client and transported to the Testing client. After satisfactory
testing of the SAP R/3 system, configuration will be transported from the Development client to the Production
client.
The request is generated in the Development client, which has to be released first through transaction code
SE10. Then the basis consultant will move the request to QUALITY through STMS, which is really the job of the
basis consultant. After thorough testing, you can again ask the basis consultant to transport through STMS to move
the request to the Production client.
You do not need to release the request in SE10. You can do this directly through transaction code SCC1 in the
Testing client by giving the request number. Here, you may not require basis help.

After configuration you have to transport the configuration to the QAS or PRD.
Can you transport number ranges of documents, assets masters, customer
masters, and vendor masters in the same transport request?
No. These have to be transported separately. Number ranges are not automatically included in transport requests. It
is recommended that you do not transport number ranges, and instead set them up individually in each client. This is
part of the cutover activities for the go-live checklist.

How can you find the menu path when you know the transaction code?
There are two ways to find the application menu when you know the transaction code. Note that this is valid for the
Easy Access Menu, not the IMG menu.

The first way is to enter SEARCH_SAP_MENU in OK and Command box and press Enter.
Another way to find the menu path is to press Ctrl+F on the SAP Easy Access screen, and enter the transaction code
in the pop-up screen; the system will lead you to the menu path.

How can you extend the SAP Easy Access Menu?

Follow these steps to include a report menu in the SAP Easy Access Menu:
1. Create your own area menu using transaction code SE43. While saving, you will need to assign the proper
development class. The system will then create a transport request for your area menu.
2. Now you will need to include your new area menu in the SAP Easy Access area menu (transaction code S000).
Use transaction code SE43, enter transaction code S000 in the Area menu field, and click on the Change icon. A
pop-up window will appear with three options: Extend, Change, and Cancel. Choose Extend and click on to create a
new enhancement ID or use an existing enhancement ID.
3. In the Edit Area Menu S000 screen, use the icons to add your area menu and save. The system will create another
transport request.
4. Now log off and log on again; you will fi nd your new menu in the SAP Easy Access Menu.
Similarly, you can extend the IMG menu through transaction code S_IMG_EXTENSION.

What do you do with errors in batch data conversion (BDC) sessions?

Sometimes, while posting data through BDC, the system will encounter problems and cannot post data. When the
system encounters a problem, it will create BDC error sessions.
The following are common reasons for BDC error sessions:
■ Posting periods are locked

■ Changes in master data, e.g., in general ledger (G/L) accounts, profit centers are locked for posting

■ Changes in screen layout of SAP program

The easiest way to do this is to analyze the BDC log. In transaction code SM35, select the BDC sessions in question
and click on the log. The Batch input: Log Overview screen will appear; double-click on any of the rows of the Log
Overview tab to see an error screen. After analyzing the error, fix it and process the BDC sessions.

Where do you find all of the transaction codes, including custom transaction
codes?
TSTC table stores all of the transaction codes. Through transaction code SE16, you can browse all of the transaction
codes. The TSTC table stores the standard SAP transaction codes, as well as custom transaction codes.

What is gap analysis?

The SAP R/3 system comes with predefined packages. Sometimes these predefined packages may not suit a client’s
business requirements. In the first phase of implementation, the implementation team will gather all business
requirements.
A thorough analysis of the business requirements will lead to a gap between the business requirements and the SAP
standard package. There are two ways to reduce the gap: (1) by changing the business process or (2) by developing
new programs (customizing). Before the second phase of implementation, the SAP implementer will try to reduce
these gaps by adopting either of these options or both.

What is SAP Business One?

In 2002, SAP AG purchased an Israel-based developer of business applications called Top Manage Financial
Systems; SAP renamed its product Business One. SAP Business One is targeted for small and medium enterprises
(SME). Due to its low implementation cost and SAP support, most SME find Business One affordable compared to
SAP

How can you configure the FICO module without using the IMG menu?
As a functional consultant, you will have authorization to use the IMG menu, subject to your user role. However,
from an academic point of view, it is good to know how you can configure the FICO module without using
transaction code SPRO. You may find these types of transactions through transaction code SE43.
■ ORFB (Financial Accounting [FI])

■ ORFA (Asset Accounting [AA])

What is the International Demonstration and Education System (IDES)?

IDES is a sample application with sample master data and standard configuration provided for faster learning and
implementation. For example, the following FI company codes are in IDES.

Describe the major areas within the SAP environment.

The SAP environment consists of (1) configuration and (2) application.
1. Configuration—Configuration represents maintenance of settings to support business requirements through the
IMG menu.
2. Application—This supports the handling of day-to-day activities through the SAP Easy Access Menu.

Describe the data types that can be used in SAP solutions.

There are three types of data in SAP:
(1) Master data–Customer master, Vendor Master, and Assets Master,
(2) Transactional Data–Purchase, Sale, Payment and Receipts, and
(3) Table Data–Document Type SAP Delivered Data, and so on.
What are the highest organizational units in Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials
Management (MM), Production Planning (PP), Financial Information (FI), and
Controlling Area (CO)?
1. SD—Sales Organizations
2. MM—Plant
3. PP—Plant
4. FI—Company Code
5. CO—Controlling Area

What is the SAP® implementation roadmap and what steps are involved in it?
The SAP implementation roadmap is a standard process provided by SAP AG for smooth SAP implementation and
is called the ASAP Roadmap. The ASAP Roadmap consists of five phases: (1) Project Preparation, (2) Business
Blueprint, (3) Realization, (4) Final Preparation, and (5) Going Live and Support.

Project Preparation— decision-makers define clear project objectives and an efficient decision-making process.
Here, project organization and roles are defined and implementation scope is finalized.

Business Blueprint—I n this phase, the scope of the R/3 implementation is defined and the Business Blueprint is
created. The Business Blueprint is a detailed documentation of the customer’s requirements.

Realization—The configuration is carried out in two steps: baseline configuration and final configuration.

Final Preparation— The purpose of this phase is to complete the final preparation of the R/3 system for going live.
This includes testing, user training, system management, and cutover activities to finalize your readiness to go live.

Going Live and Support—During this phase, the first early watch session should be held, where SAP experts
analyze the system’s technical infrastructure. The aim is to ensure the system functions as smoothly as possible.

What does system landscape mean?

The system landscape represents the SAP system deployment at your implementation site. Ideally, in an SAP
environment, a three-system landscape exists, consisting of the development server (DEV), quality assurance server
(QAS), and production server (PRD). The system landscape is the system structure that you have for your
implementation project. For example, you might have a development system, quality assurance (QA) system, and
production system.

What are specs?

Specs represent specifi cations. In an information technology (IT) environment, you will fi nd two kinds of specifi
cations: (1) functional specifi cations and (2) technical specifi cations.
Functional specification : The documentation typically describes what is needed by the system user as well as
requested properties of inputs and outputs.
The functional specifi cation is business-oriented.

Technical specifi cation : While the functional specifi cation is business-oriented, the technical specifi cation is
system-oriented and discusses programming.

How many versions of the implementation guides (IMGs) are available in SAP?
What are they?
There are three versions of the IMG available in SAP. These are:
■ Reference IMG— The reference IMG contains all confi guration transactions available
for all functionalities/modules/submodules in the installed versions of
SAP R/3. The reference IMG represents the base set of confi guration options
from which SAP functionality can be confi gured. All other versions of the IMG
are subsets of the reference IMG.
■ Enterprise IMG —The enterprise IMG only contains confi guration transactions
that are applicable to a specifi c company’s installation of SAP software. The
enterprise IMG serves the purpose of fi ltering out confi guration options that
are not required by a company if certain modules are not implemented.
■ P roject IMG —A project IMG contains a subset of the enterprise IMG confi guration
transactions that need to be confi gured to complete a specifi c project.

In SAP solutions, is it possible to have a self-defi ned transaction code?

Yes, self-defined reports, transactions, and functions are possible within SAP
solutions. There might be numerous reasons why a company would want
customized transaction codes or reports. To cater to this demand, SAP allows the
creation of user-defi ned transaction codes.
User-defi ned transaction codes allow the user to speed up access to specifi c
reports or programs since the user no longer needs to use transaction code SE38,
enter the program name or report name, and press Execute. Instead, the user can
simply use a predefi ned transaction code that will automatically open the program.
Customized T-codes can be created by using transaction code SE93.

What is the best practice for transporting confi guration requests? How
can you transport a confi guration request?
In standard SAP implementation, there will be three clients: (1) Development,
(2) Quality, and (3) Production. These three clients may be located within one
server or on different servers for each client. Confi guration will be carried out in
the Development client and transported to the Testing client. After satisfactory testing
of the SAP R/3 system, confi guration will be transported from the Development
client to the Production client.
If different servers are used for different clients, the request is generated in
the Development client, which has to be released fi rst through transaction code
SE10. Then the basis consultant will move the request to QUALITY through STMS,
which is really the job of the basis consultant. After thorough testing, you can again
ask the basis consultant to transport through STMS to move the request to the
Production client.

If clients are located on the same server, transaction code SCC1 is used to transport
requests from one client to another client. For example, if in the Development
server itself you have the golden client (a SAP-specifi c word used for a good client),
i.e., DEV and one more client for Testing, you do not need to release the request in
SE10. You can do this directly through transaction code SCC1 in the Testing client
by giving the request number. Here, you may not require basis help.

After configuration you have to transport the configuration to the

QAS or PRD. Can you transport number ranges of documents, assets
masters, customer masters, and vendor masters in the same transport
request?
No. These have to be transported separately. Number ranges are not automatically
included in transport requests. It is easy to overlay number range objects
and get existing ranges out of the system when you transport number ranges. It
is recommended that you do not transport number ranges, and instead set them
up individually in each client. This is part of the cutover activities for the go-live
checklist.

How can you find the menu path when you know the transaction
code?
There are two ways to fi nd the application menu when you know the transaction
code. Note that this is valid for the Easy Access Menu, not the IMG menu.
The fi rst way is to enter SEARCH_SAP_MENU in OK and Command box
and press Enter . In the next screen, enter your desired transaction code and click
on the check mark. Now you will see the Search for a Transaction Code or Menu
Title screen, which shows the menu path. To reach your desired location, read the
screen from the bottom up.
Another way to fi nd the menu path is to press Ctrl+F on the SAP Easy Access
screen, and enter the transaction code in the pop-up screen; the system will lead
you to the menu path.

How can you extend the SAP Easy Access Menu?

User groups may ask you to extend the SAP Easy Access Menu to include menus
or submenus within the SAP standard menu. For example, if a client has a large
amount of customer reports for their day-to-day use, they may want to include
these reports in the SAP menu.
Follow these steps to include a report menu in the SAP Easy Access Menu:
1. Create your own area menu using transaction code SE43. While saving, you
will need to assign the proper development class. The system will then create
a transport request for your area menu.
2. Now you will need to include your new area menu in the SAP Easy Access
area menu (transaction code S000). Use transaction code SE43, enter transaction
code S000 in the Area menu fi eld, and click on the Change icon. A pop-up
window will appear with three options: Extend, Change, and Cancel. Choose
Extend and click on to create a new enhancement ID or use an existing
enhancement ID.
3. In the Edit Area Menu S000 screen, use the icons to add your area menu
and save. The system will create another transport request.
4. Now log off and log on again; you will fi nd your new menu in the SAP Easy
Access Menu.
Similarly, you can extend the IMG menu through transaction code
S_IMG_EXTENSION

What do you do with errors in batch data conversion (BDC) sessions?

You use BDC to post data into SAP solutions with the help of the system.
Sometimes, while posting data through BDC, the system will encounter problems
and cannot post data. When the system encounters a problem, it will
create BDC error sessions. The following are common reasons for BDC error
sessions:
■ Posting periods are locked

■ C hanges in master data, e.g., in general ledger (G/L) accounts, profi t centers
are locked for posting
■ Changes in screen layout of SAP program
These scenarios are only examples; there may be several reasons for errors. To
process incorrect BDC sessions, you need to fi nd out the reasons for these error
sessions. The easiest way to do this is to analyze the BDC log. In transaction code
SM35, select the BDC sessions in question and click on the log. The Batch input:
Log Overview screen will appear; double-click on any of the rows of the Log Overview
tab to see an error screen. After analyzing the error, fi x it and process the BDC
sessions.
Where do you find all of the transaction codes, including custom
transaction codes?
In SAP R/3, the TSTC table stores all of the transaction codes. Through transaction
code SE16, you can browse all of the transaction codes. The TSTC table stores the
standard SAP transaction codes, as well as custom transaction codes.

What is gap analysis?

The SAP R/3 system comes with predefined packages. Sometimes these predefi
ned packages may not suit a client’s business requirements. In the fi rst phase
of implementation, the implementation team will gather all business requirements.
A thorough analysis of the business requirements will lead to a gap between the
business requirements and the SAP standard package. There are two ways to reduce
the gap: (1) by changing the business process or (2) by developing new programs
(customizing) to accommodate the client’s business process. Before the second
phase of implementation, the SAP implementer will try to reduce these gaps by
adopting either of these options or both.

What is SAP Business One?

In 2002, SAP AG purchased an Israel-based developer of business applications called
TopManage Financial Systems; SAP renamed its product Business One. SAP Business
One is targeted for small and medium enterprises (SME). Due to its low implementation
cost and SAP support, most SME fi nd Business One affordable compared to SAP
R/3 or mySAP ERP. SAP Business One consists of the following core modules:
1. Administration Module—This module is similar to the IMG menu in SAP R/3,
where confi guration is performed .
2. Financials Module—This module takes care of an entity’s accounting needs;
this is similar to FICO of R/3.
3. Sales Opportunities Module—This is where existing customers and potential
accounts are structured and tracked.
4. Sales Module—Module where orders are entered, shipped, and invoiced; this
is similar to the SD module of R/3.
5. Purchasing Module—Module where purchase orders are issued and goods are
received into inventory; this is similar to the MM module of R/3.
6. Business Partners Module—Module where business partners (customers,
vendors, and leads) are contacted and maintained.
7. Banking Module—Like the SAP R/3 banking module, this module records
payments and receipts.

8. Inventory Module—This module, integrated with the purchase module, helps

inventory evaluation.
9. Production Module—Module that takes care of production processes.
10. MRP Module—Module that determines purchase requirements and checks
product or material availability.
11. Service Module—This sub-module handles contact management for after-sale
service.
12. Human Resources Module—Module where employee information is kept; similar
to the HR module in R/3.
13. Reports Module—Helps to build new reports. Here we will fi nd delivered
reports.

How can you confi gure the FICO module without using the IMG menu?
As a functional consultant, you will have authorization to use the IMG menu,
subject to your user role. However, from an academic point of view, it is good to
know how you can confi gure the FICO module without using transaction code
SPRO. You can do so by invoking the following transaction codes, which are area
menu transaction codes. You may fi nd these types of transactions through transaction
code SE43.
■ ORFB (Financial Accounting [FI])

■ ORFA (Asset Accounting [AA])

What is the International Demonstration and Education System (IDES)?

IDES is a sample application with sample master data and standard confi guration
provided for faster learning and implementation. For example, the following FI
company codes are in IDES.

Describe the major areas within the SAP environment.

The SAP environment consists of (1) confi guration and (2) application.
1. Confi guration—Confi guration represents maintenance of settings to support
business requirements through the IMG menu.
2. Application—This supports the handling of day-to-day activities through the
SAP Easy Access Menu.

Describe the data types that can be used in SAP solutions.

There are three types of data in SAP: (1) Master data–Customer master, Vendor
Master, and Assets Master, (2) Transactional Data–Purchase, Sale, Payment and
Receipts, and (3) Table Data–Document Type SAP Delivered Data, and so on.

In which phase you transfer data into SAP R/3?

I transferred data with LSMW tool in final preparation phase

What is user acceptance testing in sap ? In which phase of implementation,

it is taken place? Can it be possible in support, roll out, project?
User acceptance is not done by us but by the customer and is done at finalisation stage
before we go in for transferring the data to PRODUCTION SERVER.

What is Business Blue Print Phase? Have you worked on this topic with your
client? Have you conducted workshops on Business Blue Print? In Workshops
what they will do in BBP stage? Explain in detail with reference to your
client?

The business blue print contains 2 parts –

ASIS = This part contains the explanation of the current organizational
structure, master data & processes,
the *requirements* are mentioned below in the ASIS section.

TOBE = This part contains the information as to how the organizational

structure, master data & processes would be mapped in SAP. The solution for
the requirements mentioned will be clearly specified in the TOBE section.

GAPS if any will be mentioned in the TOBE section, GAP is the bridge between
the ASIS & TOBE, like if requirement can be mapped in standard SAP, then GAP
will be "A" and if requirement is to be fulfilled through some development ,
then GAP will be "C".
ASIS part is discussed with the key users & the TOBE part is prepared purely
by the functional consultant. The BBP is signed off by the stakeholders
involved in the project & after this the configuration will start.

1.In BBP related to AP & AR we collect the information regarding how many
vendors they have, in that who all come in one time group and regular
depending on the type of vendor. we allocate screen layout rules and number
ranges.
2. what type of payment method they are using for the incoming and outgoing
payment
3. Notices in how many days they send to the customer
4. How much discount they give for customer and vendor as per the terms
5. how many tax rates and codes are they using, tds, vat, sales tax etc.,

Actually, in the business blueprint stage we will collect all required

information from the client by interacting with the key users from the client
side. Accordingly we will prepare the AS-is and to- be documents.

What is Freezing stage in Business Blue print in asap methodology

Freezing stage in BBP in ASAP methodoly means no more new changes in BBP will
be accepted and system configuration will be done according to the current
BBP.

What is process of business blue print preparation and what was our role in
it
Business Blue print is consist of AS-IS,TO-BE n GAP ANALSIS along with the
solution.

Here all the team members work right from preparing questionaire for AS-IS,
analyzing it n prepare as possible TO-BE solution. This TO-BE is then
discussed with the client.
After discussion no.of changes are identified as per the requirement of
business called as GAP ANALYSIS.

Changes made to the Blue print is called Version. After various Version, the
Blue print is submitted to client. After approval the configuration takes
place. Any further changes take place in post go live support.

what is the difference between business blue print & TO-BE Process ?
BBP is prepared after satisfy of client in the TO-BE process.

What is the difference between working in support project and implementation

project?

what is cutover strategy. what you have done in implementation of your

project.

In simple term cutover strategy is uploading the data (master data &
transactional data)from legacy to sap

In production server we do cutover strategy.

At the time of sap implementation what are the basic details required by CO
guy, SD, MM, and PP guy from a FI guy...?

I have a company ABCD. under that i created three company codes using same
fiscal year (April- March) and same chart of accounts. Three companies are
located in different countries. One of the country located in USA. So i need
to draw financial statements in USA for the period Jan- Dec. So anyone can
explain how to draw financial statements respective period.
Yes we can done by using New G/l Concept for this issue.
In New G/L concept we can done this report through parallel ledger.

Please provide me information why, how often and which accounts are included
in the clearing job. What is the logic of the clearings?
if Cleaing account is of GL, then the Open item management field in company
code segment of GL Master data must be activated, in the case of sub ledger
account for customer and vendors which are always clearing account

How to adjust a customer credit memo to particular invoice for ex: Customer
has 10 invoice he received 3 credit memos for 3 invoices for rejected
material so to adjust explain about process what r the t-codes req

in the credit memo you have invoice reference field in that field give that
invoice no so that both the documents are displayed with same doucment no

What is the SOP Planning?

Normally, we can do the planning in the COPA through the KEPM, other than
than the KEPM companies user the SOP planning.

Foreign currency Valuation

Foreign Currency valuation is used in reporting purpose.
FCV is used in all cases Like GL , VENDOR, CUSTOMER cases to calculate
expected Loss or Profit...

EX: FCV result will come in 2 ways...

1. Unrealized Exchange gain/Loss
2. Realized Exchange Gain/Loss

Its applicable for Foreign Transactions.

EX : When we Purchased goods from vendor 10 Units @ 50$ * 60 Inr = 3000 Inr

When we run the FCV that time the Dollar value Increased ie; 62 Inr

Ie 100 Rs is the Exchange rate diff that 100 Rs will be UNREALIZED EXCHANGE
LOSS....

Entry will be.

DR Unrealized Exchange Loss Acc
CR Balance Sheet adjustment Acc

After Drawing report well reverse the entry.... Because the real transaction
lot yet done...
Reversal entry
DR Balance Sheet adjustment Acc
CR Unrealized Exchange Loss Acc

Realized Exchange Gain/Loss:

ex: We Paid money to vendor against invoice...

Exchange rate is 58 rs
200 Rs is Profit for Company.

Entry will be.

DR Vendor
CR Bank Clearing Acc
CR Realized Exchange Gain

how to do mass copy of GL accounts from one company code to other company
code.
What is validation and substitution?how to you create validation and
substitution?
Where can we see existing Validations and Substituitions ?

An asset was bought in 2000 for company code xxxx for 10000... and was
depreciated for 2 years.. then realized asset was of no use in CC xxxx and
was transferred to CC yyyy. what wd be capitalization value of asset in new
CC

How to get currency while creating Purchasing Order

While creating Vendor Master we have to assign the order currency in
purchasing data segment in Vendor Master itself. While creating the Purchase
Order once you select the Vendor it will take the currency from vendor
master.

company have 2 company codes, now they want to combine as one company code.
as a consultant what advise you will give ?

CUT OVER ACTIVITIES

1.cutover date
2.cutover stratagy
3.cutover plan

Cutover Activities in FI: upload all master data like G/L, AP, AR, Asset

Cutover Activities in CO: Upload cost centers, activity type, price update.

Maximum How many Special GL's can we assign/use to Company Code.

Use of Leading and Non-Leading ledgers in Asset Accounting

By using leading and non leading ledgers in FI-AA , asset
values(APC),depreciation, accumulated depreciation can represents in company
code currency as well as additional currency to meet the legal requirments.
Let us assume, company ABC LTD domiciled in INDIA and it is a subsidiary of
XYZ ltd,registered in USA.

Where do we give the variants in APP

Variant i.e., Print variant is defined in Printout/data medium tab of F110
Screen.

Can we cancel / reverse the payment made through APP.

we can reset using FBRA

Can we add entries to a capitalised Asset.

we can add entries to capitalised asset.there are two types, we can add to
asset.
1.when ever you are using same capitalising date to adding asset then we can
add directly through main asset.
2.if capitalisation date is different than main asset but asset is relating
to existing asset,(i mean parts purchased to main asset )then we will
capitalilise through sub asset cocept the tcode AS11.

"Special GL indicator F is not defined here"

endor which we need to post F-41 to transfer the balance to another duplicate
vendor code, the “F” indicator shown not defined

in asset accounting..i completed all configuration steps..and purchased asset

also..with tc.f-90..problem here depreciation run with(AFAB..it isnot
successful..spool is not showing any depreciated value's..i want sale asset
and go for further posting..please help.
In T-code AFAB you must run the depreciation from starting period of the your
financial year
Ex: your financial year APRIL - MARCH
asset purchased in JULY
you must and should calculate the depreciation from April onwards
In april on wards your depreciation must be in "posted" not planned

What is unplanned & Planned delivery cost? and how it is captured?

Planned Delivery Cost: The delivery cost which is known at the time of
creation of PO. Conditions are maintained for planned delivery cost. At the
time of MIGO goods received the cost is loaded on the Material cost.

Unplanned Delivery cost: It is not known at the time of PO. The same is
booked at the time of MIRO.. under the Details tab.. The cost will get loaded
on the materials in the MIRO proportionately on the basis of value.

rules for creating asset downpayment account

HOW TO ACTIVATE SEGMENT FILED IN ASSET ACCOUNTING ALSO CAN WE GET SEGMENT
WISE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IF YES THEN WHY WE ARE SPECIFYING BUSINESS AREA
WISE FIN. STATEMENTS IN GLOBAL PARAMETERS (OBY6)
1.HOW TO SPECIFY THE BANK OVER DRAFT LIMIT IN SAP TO BANK ACCOUNTS 2.IN
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE FOR APP HOW TO PROCESS THE RECEIPT IN CASE FOR A VENDOR WHO
IS ALSO A CUSTOMER AND FROM WHOM AMOUNT IS RECEIVABLE

WHAR ARE THE RELAVENT DATA BASE TABLES FOR THE FI? HOW CAN YOU PREPARE
CONSALIDATED BALANCE SHEET R/3? WHAT ARE CONTROL THAT WE SETUP WHILE ENTERING
A DOCUMENT ? WHAT IS VALUATION AND VALUATION CLASS WHAT IS DEFERANCE? how
many typs of calculatiion procedures are there in sap system ? and explain
those? how can you record the provision for the baddebts? how can you direct
the output of checks printing of a various banks at time

WHAT ARE THE PREPRODUCTION ACTIVITIES? HOW CAN YOU SETUP THE OPENING
BALANCES?