FPSO WELDING 技术规格书 PDF

No.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PSQ-001

CLIENT OR USER SHEET
UN-ES / ATP-JUB-CHT 1 of 95
JOB OR PROJECT CC:
BALEIA AZUL FIELD DEVELOPMENT 3674.05.001
AREA OR UNIT
PETROBRAS 58 (P-58) WITHOUT SCALE
TITLE
CENPES WELDING
MICROSOFT WORD / V. 2003 / I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PSQ-001_E.DOC
INDEX OF REVISIONS
REV DESCRIPTION AND/OR REVISED SHEETS
0 PRELIMINARY
A GENERAL REVISION. CHANGE OF MATERIALS SEQUENCE. REQUIREMENTS
FOR OVERLAY AND DETAILS PERTAINING TO THE MATERIALS HAD BEEN
ADDED
B ADDED ITEMS 4 AND 5.2.2. AND ANNEXES A UP TO G
C ORIGINAL
D GENERAL REVISION
E REVISED ACCORDING TO CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS REPORT
REV. 0 REV. A REV. B REV. C REV. D REV. E REV. F REV. G REV. H

DATE 15/SEP/08 01/OCT/08 20/OCT/08 19/MAY/09 10/JUL/09 27/AUG/09
DESIGN SEQUI/ATFCM SEQUI SEQUI SEQUI SEQUI SEQUI
EXECUTION NEY/ SATURNO SEQUI SERRA SERRA SERRA REH.KRV
CHECK W.ZAITUNE W.ZAITUNE W.ZAITUNE W.ZAITUNE W.ZAITUNE LMARTINS
APPROVAL F.SCHAEFER F.SCHAEFER F.SCHAEFER F.SCHAEFER F.SCHAEFER PADUA.CHZ
THE DATA, OR PART THEREOF. ARE PETROBRAS PROPERTY AND THUS MUST NOT BE USED IN ANY WAY WITHOUT PERMISSION
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PSQ-001 E
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PARTICIPANTS OF THE REVISIONS “0”, “A” , “B” AND “C”:
• MARCY SATURNO DE MENEZES

ENGENHARIA/SL/SEQUI/CI
• NEY ROBSON NUNES WEISS CHAVES

ENGENHARIA/SL/SEQUI/ATFCM – TECNOSOLO
• WILSON DO AMARAL ZAITUNE

ENGENHARIA/SL/SEQUI/CI – TECNOSOLO
• FLÁVIO AUGUSTO DOS SANTOS SERRA

CENPES/EB-E&P/FP
THE DATA, OR PART THEREOF. ARE PETROBRAS PROPERTY AND THUS MUST NOT BE USED IN ANY WAY WITHOUT PERMISSION.
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INDEX
1 GENERAL 8
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 8
3 REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10
4 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 10
5 ELABORATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS FOR WELDING 12

5.1 INTRODUCTION 12
5.2 DOCUMENTATION FOR PLANNING OF WELDING 12
5.3 DOCUMENTATION FOR WELDING EXECUTION AND CONTROL 12
5.4 WELDING RECORDS 13
6 WELDING – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 13
6.1 GENERAL 13
6.2 FOR HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTS 13
6.3 FOR CARBON STEEL EQUIPMENT/PIPES IN AMINE UNITS 13
6.4 WELDING PROCESSES 13
6.5 FABRICATION FACILITIES 14
6.6 PARENT (BASE) MATERIALS 14
6.7 WELDING CONSUMABLES 15
6.8 WELDING CONSUMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING 15
6.9 SHIELDING AND PURGING GASES 16
6.10 CUTTING AND EDGE PREPARATION 16
6.11 TACK WELDS 16
6.12 WELDING SEQUENCE 16
6.13 ATTACHMENT WELDS 17
6.14 WELD CLEANING 17
6.15 CLEANING, PICKLING AND PASSIVATION 18
6.16 PREHEATING AND INTERPASS REQUIREMENTS 19
6.17 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT 19
6.18 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS 20
6.19 WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION 21
6.20 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 22
6.21 REPAIR OF INJURIOUS DEFECTS 22
6.22 PRODUCTION TESTING 22
7 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – CARBON STEEL AND CARBON-MANGANESE STEEL 23
7.1 Base Metal 23
7.2 Consumables 23
7.3 Welding Technique 23
7.4 Preheating and Interpass Temperature 23
7.5 Postheating 24
7.6 Inspection 24
7.7 Weld Repairs 24
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8 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM AND CARBON-

MOLYBDENUM STEELS 25
8.1 Base Metal 25
8.2 Consumables 25
8.5 Postheating 27
8.6 Inspection 27
8.7 Weld Repairs 28
9 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL 28
9.1 Base Metal 28
9.2 Consumables 28
9.5 Postheating 27
9.6 Inspection 27
9.7 Weld Repairs 31
10 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL 31
10.1 Base Metal 31
10.2 Consumables 31
10.5 Postheating 34
10.6 Inspection 34
10.7 Additional requirements for welding procedure qualification 36
10.8 Welder Qualification (additional requirements for Duplex Welds) 36
11 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – MARTENSITIC AND FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS 37
11.1 Base Metal 37
11.2 Consumables 37
11.5 Postheating 38
11.6 Inspection 38
11.7 Weld Repairs 39
12 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – LOW-ALLOY NICKEL STEEL 39
12.1 Base Metal 39
12.2 Consumables 39
12.5 Postheating 40
12.6 Inspection 40
13 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS 40
13.1 Base Metal 40
13.2 Consumables 40
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13.5 Postheating 42
13.6 Inspection 42
14 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS 43
14.1 Base Metal 43
14.2 Consumables 43
14.5 Postheating 44
14.6 Inspection 44
15 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – WELD OVERLAY, CLAD PLATE WELDING
(RESTORATION) AND CLAD REPAIR 44
15.1 Base Metal 44
15.2 Consumables 44
15.5 Postheating 46
15.6 Inspection 46
16 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – INCONEL 625 WELD OVERLAYS 47
16.1 Base Metal 47
16.2 Consumables 47
16.5 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT) 48
16.6 Inspection 48
17 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – DISSIMILAR WELDED JOINT 49
17.1 Base Metal 49
17.2 Consumables 49
17.5 Postheating 53
17.6 Inspection 53
18 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – TITANIUM 53
18.1 Base Metal 53
18.2 Consumables 54
18.3 Welding Processes 54
18.5 Inspection 56
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Annex A (Mandatory) – INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE PRODUCTION

TESTING PLAN (PTP) 57
Annex B (Mandatory) – INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE PRODUCTION
TESTING RECORDS (PTR) 58
Annex C (Informative-Nonmandatory) - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE
WELDING PROCEDURE AND TESTING SCHEDULE (WPTS) 61
Annex D (Informative-Nonmandatory) - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE
LIST OF QUALIFIED WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS (LCW) 63
Annex E (Informative-Nonmandatory) - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE
WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR PERFORMANCE CONTROL REPORT (WPCR) 64
Annex F (Informative-Nonmandatory) - INSTRUCTIONS FOR ELABORATION OF THE
WELDING REPORTS (WRR) 65
Annex G (Informative-Nonmandatory) - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT REPORTS (PWHTR) 66
Annex H (Mandatory) – PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION 68
Annex I (Informative-Nonmandatory) - PROCEDURE AND PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
AND CERTIFICATION ABROAD – GUIDELINES 72
Annex J (Mandatory) – HARDNESS TESTING REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS 75
Annex L (Mandatory) – ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DUPLEX WELD PROCEDURE
QUALIFICATION 79
Annex N (Mandatory) – ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WELD PROCEDURE
QUALIFICATION OF DISSIMILAR JOINTS BETWEEN DUPLEX AND CARBON STEEL 84
Annex O (Mandatory) – ADDITIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS 85
Annex R (Mandatory) – PASSIVITY TEST FOR NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS 93
Annex S (Mandatory) PROHIBITED AND DETRIMENTAL MATERIALS FOR NICKEL AND
NICKEL ALLOYS 94
TABLES
Table 1- Materials which require separated storage and fabrications areas. 14
Table 2- PREHEATING TEMPERATURES (°C) 24
Table 3- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR CARBON-MOLYBDENUM AND CHROMIUM-
MOLYBDENUM STEELS 26
Table 4 - ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS 29
Table 5- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR MARTENSITIC AND FERRITIC STAINLESS
STEELS 37
Table 6- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR LOW-ALLOY NICKEL STEEL 39
Table 7- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS 40
Table 8- RODS FOR COPPER AND COPPER-NICKEL ALLOYS
43Erro! Fonte de referência não encontrada.
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Table 9- CONSUMABLES, PRE AND POSTHEATING FOR DISSIMILAR WELDED JOINTS

50
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1 GENERAL
1.1. SCOPE
This specification, in addition to other specifications and codes referred to in Section 2, defines the
requirements for the welding for all offshore topside, marine and production parts, while complying
with all PETROBRAS mandatory codes, regulations and good engineering practice for FPSO and
FSO Process and Utility Plant Facilities.
Fabrication shall include all ancillary associated activities as described herein.
1.2. DEVIATIONS
Refer to Project specific General Conditions and Data Specification.
Deviations, modifications and revisions to this specification shall only be made after first gaining
approval in writing from the PETROBRAS.
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following standards and documents include provisions, which, herein referenced in this text,
constitute provisions of this standard. Latest issue of the references shall be used unless otherwise
agreed. Other recognized standards may be used, if approved by PETROBRAS, provided it can be
shown by CONTRACTOR that they meet or exceed the requirements of the standards referenced
below.
2.1. CLASSIFICATION RULES, CODES & STANDARDS
Refer to Project General Conditions and Data Specification for nominated Classification Society.
Relevant Class rules shall apply.
2.2. CODES AND STANDARDS
2.2.1. ASME – AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
2.2.1.1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:

Section II, Part C – Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals
Section VIII – Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Div 1
Section IX – Welding and Brazing Qualification
2.2.1.2. ASME B31.3 - Process Piping
2.2.2. ASTM – AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
2.2.2.1. ASTM A 370 - Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
2.2.2.2. ASTM A 380 - Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment,
and Systems.
2.2.2.3. ASTM E 3 - Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
2.2.2.4. ASTM E 10 - Test Method for Brinell hardness of Metallic Materials
2.2.2.5. ASTM E 562 - Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point Count
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2.2.2.6. ASTM E 407 - Microetching Metals and Alloys

2.2.2.7. ASTM E 92 - Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Materials
2.2.2.8. ASTM E 562 - Practices for Determining Volume Fraction by Systematic Manual Point
Count
2.2.2.9. ASTM E 883 - Guide for Reflected-Light Photomicrography
2.2.2.10. ASTM G 48 - Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related
Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride Solution
2.2.2.11. SAE/ASTM-DS-562 - Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.
2.2.3. API - American Petroleum Institute
2.2.3.1. API RP 582 - Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries.
2.2.3.2. API RP 945 – Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine Units.
2.2.4. AWS - American Welding Society
2.2.4.1. ASME/AWS Filler Metals Specifications:

A5.01 – Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines;
A5.1 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;
A5.4 - Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;
A5.5 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding;
A5.7 - Specification for Copper and Copper Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes R;
A5.9 - Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods;
A5.11 - Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc
Welding;
A5.14 - Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods;
A5.16 - Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods;
A5.17 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding;
A5.18 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding;
A5.20 - Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;
A5.23 - Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc
Welding;
A5.26 - Specification for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Electrogas Welding;
A5.28 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc
Welding;
A5.29 - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding;
A5.30 - Specification for Consumable Inserts;
2.2.4.2. AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code – Steel
2.2.4.3. AWS D10.10 - Recommended Practices for Local Heating of Welds in Piping and Tubing
2.2.4.4. AWS D10.18 – Guide for welding Ferritic/Austenitic Duplex stainless steel piping and
tubing
2.2.4.5. AWS A3.0 – Standard Welding Terms and Definitions
2.2.5. BSI – BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION
2.2.5.1. BS 5500 - Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels
2.2.6. ISO – INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
2.2.6.1. ISO 5173 - Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials - Bend tests.
2.2.6.2. ISO 5817 - Welding - Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam
welding excluded) - Quality levels for imperfections.
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2.2.6.3. ISO 6847 - Welding Consumables - Deposition of a Weld Metal Pad for Chemical
Analysis.
2.2.6.4. ISO 6947 - Welds - Working positions -- Definitions of angles of slope and rotation.
2.2.6.5. ISO 14175: Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied
processes
2.2.6.6. ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175 – Parts 1, 2 and 3 - Petroleum and natural gas industries -
Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production
2.2.6.7. ISO 15614 - Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials –
Welding procedure test - Part 5: Arc welding of titanium, zirconium and their alloys.
2.2.6.8. ISO 15614: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials –
Welding procedure test - Part 7: Overlay welding
2.2.6.9. ISO 17637 - Non-destructive testing of welds - Visual testing of fusion-welded joints
2.2.7. NORSOK
2.2.7.1. NORSOK M-601 – Welding and Inspection of piping
2.2.8. PETROBRAS
2.2.8.1. I-ET-3010.78-1000-974-PSQ-001 – Non-destructive Testing (NDT)

2.2.8.2. I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PPC-001 – Requirements for Welding Inspection E
3. REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1. Whenever used the term “Shall” in this technical document, it is intended that what is stated is
an absolute requirement. Non-compliance to shall requirements shall be formally accepted by
PETROBRAS.
3.2. Whenever used the term “Should” in this technical document, it is intended that what is stated
is a recommendation. Alternative solutions having the same functionality and quality are
acceptable provided that alternative solution had been submited to PETROBRAS and
received its approval.
3.3. Whenever used the term “May” in this technical document, it is intended that what is stated is
an indication of a course of action permissible within the limits of this technical specification.
4. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
4.1. DEFINITIONS
Terms used in this Technical Specification shall be interpreted in accordance with AWS A3.0
(Standard Welding Terms and Definitions), except for those not defined on that standard or where
these terms require further definition to clarify their usage in this Technical Specification, like:
Purchaser: The party that issues the purchase order. This may be the user or owner of the
equipment/pipe, or the PETROBRAS’s designated agent (e.g., engineering contractors).
Contractor: the party that purchases the welding consumables and performs all welding tasks and
to whom the welding project has been contracted.
Applicable code or standard: The code or standard specified by the PETROBRAS to which the
equipment/pipe shall conform.
Jig: “mold”or pattern made for repetitive layouts requiring same measurements.
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Weld maps: The document which identifies the welding procedure specification (WPS) to be used
for specific weld joint.
Welding procedure qualification records (PQR ): The PQR is a record of the welding data and
variables used to weld a test coupon and the test results used to qualify the welding procedure. The
purpose of the PQR is to establish the properties of the weldment.
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS ): The WPS provides direction to the welder while
making production welds to applicable code requirements.
Clad: Coating of corrosion resistance alloy (CRA) metallurgically bonded to carbon steel base
metal, to improve its corrosion resistance.
Clad coatings process: Any process that can assure a metallurgical bond between CRA to carbon
steel base metal. The list of cladding process is shown below.
Roll bonding: a clad coating process that bonds two metallic plates, heated to suitable
temperature, by a pressure developed in a rolling mill.
Explosive bonding: a clad coatings process that bonds two metallic plates by a high
pressure developed by a chemical explosive.
Weld overlay bonding: a clad coatings process that deposit a CRA on the surface a carbon
steel by a welding process.
Duplex stainless steel: General designation for austenitic-ferritic stainless steels. It encompasses
both the ferritic/austenitic stainless steel alloys with 22 % Cr (also known as duplex stainless steels)
and the ferritic/austenitic stainless steel alloys with 25 % Cr (also known as superduplex stainless
steels).
4.2. ABBREVIATIONS
CS Carbon Steels
CMn Carbon-Manganese (Steels)
CE Carbon Equivalent
CRA Corrosion resistance alloy
CVN Charpy V-notch
FCAW Flux Cored Arc Welding
GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
GMAW Gas Metal Arc welding
HAZ Heat Affected Zone
mm Millimeters
MT Magnetic Particle Testing
NDT Non-Destructive Testing
PLEM Pipe Line End Manifold
P & ID Piping and Instrument Diagram
PRE Pitting Resistance Equivalent
PT Liquid Penetrant Testing
PWHT Postweld Heat Treatment
RT Radiographic Testing
SAW Submerged Arc Welding
UNS Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys according to SAE/ASTM-DS-562
UT Ultrasonic Testing
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(pWPS) Preliminary Welding Procedure Specification
5 ELABORATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS FOR WELDING
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.1.1 This item establishes the required conditions for the elaboration of technical documents to
be used in planning, execution, control, recording, and certification of welding operations.
5.1.2 The technical requirements of this item shall be used together with the standards for the
design standard, fabrication and assembly of the equipment, piping and any other metallic
materials; prevailing the design standard in conflicting cases.
5.1.3 All documents shall be approved by a welding inspector certified in accordance Annex H –
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION, respected the attribution of each
certification level.
5.1.4 Each document specified in this item 5 shall be elaborated when required in this Technical
Specification or in the design, fabrication and assembly standards of equipment, piping and any
other metallic materials or in other contract documents.
5.2 DOCUMENTATION FOR PLANNING OF WELDING
5.2.1 GENERAL:
5.2.1.1 The documentation shall consist, as a minimum, of: Welding Plans (Welding Maps),
Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), Welder and Welding Operator Qualification
Plans, Production Testing Plans (PTP), and respective records such as Production
testing records (PTR), Welding procedure qualification records (PQR) and Welder and
Welding Operator Qualification Records.
5.2.2 DOCUMENTATION FOR PRODUCTION TESTING
5.2.2.1 The production testing plan shall be elaborated as described in ANNEX A.

5.2.2.2 The production testing records shall be elaborated in accordance with ANNEX B of this
Technical Specification.
5.3 DOCUMENTATION FOR WELDING EXECUTION AND CONTROL

The documents referred to in items 5.3.1 up to 5.3.3 shall be elaborated and approved to be used in
the welding execution and control and shall be available to welders, operators, supervisors and
welding inspectors.
Note: ANNEXES C up to G are Informative -Nonmandatory- and had been issued to provide
guidelines to apply this Technical Specification
5.3.1 The Welding Procedure and Testing Schedule (WPTS) may be elaborated in accordance
with ANNEX C of this Technical Specification.
5.3.2 The list of the qualified welders and welding operators may be elaborated in accordance
with ANNEX D of this Technical Specification.
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5.3.3 The performance control of the welders and welding operators may be elaborated in
accordance with ANNEX E of this Technical Specification.
5.4 WELDING RECORDS
5.4.1 The documents referred to items 5.4.2 up 5.4.3 shall be elaborated for use as welding
execution records.
5.4.2 The welding report may be elaborated in accordance with ANNEX F of this Technical
Specification.
5.4.3 The heat treatment report may be elaborated in accordance with ANNEX G of this
Technical Specification.
6 WELDING – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1. GENERAL
All welding shall be carried out according to the requirements of applicable design standard, and as
stated in the general requirements of this specification. Specific additional requirements for the
welding of each material are also detailed in this specification.
6.2. FOR HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTS
6.2.1. The requirements of ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175 shall be applied when an equipment,
component or piping system is designed for sour service.
• ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175 Part 1: General Principles for Selection of Cracking-Resistant
Materials
• ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175 Part 2: Cracking-Resistant Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels and the
Use of Cast Irons
• ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175 Part 3: Cracking-Resistant CRA’s (Corrosion Resistant Alloys)
and Other Alloys
6.2.2. All carbon steel welds of non-claded equipment, component or piping systems, designed for
sour service, shall receive PWHT (POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT). The treatment
procedure shall be as ASME code, except that the normal holding temperature shall be
620ºC, but not exceeding the maximum temperature of 640ºC.
6.3. FOR CARBON STEEL EQUIPMENT/PIPES IN AMINE UNITS
The requirements of API RP 945 shall be applied when a non-claded carbon steel equipment,
component or piping system is designed for an Amine unit.
6.4. WELDING PROCESSES
Only welding processes approved by the applicable code shall be accepted, with the exceptions and
restrictions cited below:
a) Welding processes used shall conform to the requirements of item 5 (Welding processes) of
API RP 582,
b) The GTAW process shall be used for all pipework of nominal diameter less than or equal to
50 mm, unless otherwise approved by PETROBRAS,
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c) For butt welds, using a manual process, a GTAW root pass shall be used on all piping,
d) The welding procedure for socket welds shall be with the GTAW process, with at least 2
layers, with a smooth concave profile.
e) When welding stainless steels, nickel based alloys or titanium based alloys using GTAW,
the equipment shall be fitted with a high frequency starting unit and a crater-eliminating
slope out control.
f) FCAW should not be used when there are impact or corrosion requirements.
6.5. FABRICATION FACILITIES
6.5.1. The CONTRACTOR shall provide adequate shelter, to the satisfaction of PETROBRAS, to
protect the welding environment from inclement weather and draughts.
6.5.2. Shop fabrication of materials listed in Table 1 should require separated storage and
fabrications areas to avoid contamination.
Table 1- Materials which require separated storage and fabrications areas.

MATERIAL NOTES
Austenitic, ferritic and martensitic -
stainless steels
Duplex and superduplex stainless steels Segregate from austenitic, ferritic and
martensitic stainless steels
Cooper nickel alloys -
Nickel alloys -
6.5.3. The CONTRACTOR shall have the calibrated equipments for measuring the following
variables available at all times:
a) Welding current (amperage).
b) Arc voltage.
c) Interpass temperatures (digital).
d) Oxygen content of backing gas.
e) Wire feed speed.
f) Travel speed.
g) Shielding and backing gas flow rate.
6.5.3.1. The list of those equipments, but not restricted to, includes:
Oxygen meter,
Pyrometer,
Chronometer,
Multimeter.
6.6. PARENT (BASE) MATERIALS
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6.6.1. The identification and certification of all materials shall be in accordance with the
Equipment data sheet’s Materials specification or Piping Standard´s materials specification.
The documents shall be made available to PETROBRAS.
6.6.2. The CONTRACTOR shall provide full traceability for each item to the material certificates
during all fabrication. The method of traceability and record keeping shall be subject to
PETROBRAS’s audits at any time.
6.7. WELDING CONSUMABLES
6.7.1. Only welding consumables approved by the nominated Classification Society shall be used.
6.7.2. Welding consumables shall be specified in each WPS by AWS specification and
classification. Welding consumables that do not conform to an AWS specification shall be
submitted to the prior approval of PETROBRAS.
6.7.3. The CONTRACTOR shall develop detailed procedures to control the receipt, identification,
storage, stock rotation, baking, handling, issue and segregation of welding consumables.
Such procedures shall be submitted to and approved by the PETROBRAS prior to
fabrication. These procedures may be subjected to audit by the PETROBRAS at any time.
6.7.4. Welding consumables shall be clearly identified by classification or tradename, as

applicable, and the identity maintained until consumed.
6.7.5. Procedures using any consumable with a “G” classification shall be restricted to the brand
and type of electrode used for the PQR. The nominal chemical composition of the specified
brand and type of consumable should be identified on the WPS.
6.7.6. All welding consumables shall be delivered in accordance with Manufacturer's data sheets,
which shall state the minimum and maximum levels of any intentionally added elements.
6.7.6.1. For solid wire and metal powders, the chemical analysis shall represent the product itself.
The analysis shall include all elements specified in the relevant classification standard
and the relevant data sheet.
6.7.6.2. For coated electrodes and cored wires, the analysis shall represent the weld metal,
deposited according to ISO 6847. The analysis shall include all elements specified in the
relevant classification standard and the relevant data sheet.
6.7.6.3. Consumables shall only be used on the condition that they had been tested, in accordance
with AWS/ASME Section II Specifications (Conditions AW- As-Welded or PWHT-
Postweld Heat Treated, as applicable for welding procedure qualification and production
welds)
6.8. WELDING CONSUMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING
Welding consumables used shall conform to the requirements of item 6.6 (Consumable storage and
handling) of API RP 582 with the additional requirements below:
a) Low-hydrogen welding consumables shall be re-dried, even for vaccum packages, prior
their use.
b) Welding consumables shall be stored in warm holding ovens immediately after they have
been removed from the manufacturer’s packaging or after re-drying.
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c) Low-hydrogen electrodes shall be stored separately from other types of electrodes with
higher hydrogen content, as this can be another source for hydrogen pick up.
d) Filler wire, strip and fluxes shall be stored under clean and dry conditions (baked when
specified) in accordance with manufacturer's instructions, and shall be handled with clean
gloves.
e) Any electrodes or fluxes that have become wet shall be discarded.
f) Any flux that was contaminated shall be discarded.
g) The use of portable oven for keeping low-hydrogen electrodes dried shall be mandatory and
they should keep the temperature between 80°C and 150°C.
6.9. SHIELDING AND PURGING GASES
Shielding and purging gases used shall conform to the requirements of item 7 (Shielding and
purging gases) of API RP 582.
6.10. CUTTING AND EDGE PREPARATION
6.10.1. Where the method of end preparation is other than by machining or grinding, the cut surface
shall be finally prepared by grinding or machining to clean bright metal.
6.10.2. The cut edges shall be visually examined to ensure smooth and uniform, free from tears,
cracks, gouges and other discontinuities, which might affect the weld quality. Weld repairs
should not be permitted on weld preparations.
6.10.3. Prior to welding, or the application of preheat for welding, the weld bevels and surrounding
area shall be clean and free of moisture, oxides, primers, or any other foreign matter, which
could contaminate the weld.
6.11. TACK WELDS
6.11.1. Tack welds shall be carried out by qualified welders, using approved welding procedures.
6.11.2. For pressure vessels, pipes, furnaces and tubes all defective tack welds shall be completely
removed by grinding.
6.11.2.1. For structures all defective tack welds should be completely removed by grinding.
6.11.3. Where tack welds are removed, the CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the root preparation is
correctly maintained for the subsequent root pass.
6.12. WELDING SEQUENCE
6.12.1. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the electrical welding current return connections are
adjacent and securely attached to the joint being welded, current return paths are through the
item being welded and that no extraneous arcing can occur during welding.
6.12.2. To avoid arc strikes, welder’s earth leads should be bolted to a clamp, which is attached to
the pipe being welded. The leads shall not be attached directly to the equipment, component
or piping to be welded.
6.12.3. Welding shall be carried out in a sequence which will minimize distortion. Successive
welding passes shall not start or stop at the same point.
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6.12.4. Root runs shall be made without interruption other than for changing electrodes or filler
wires or to allow the welders to re-position themselves.
6.12.5. When impact test is required, weaving shall be restricted to a maximum weld deposit width
of 3 times the filler metal diameter, not to exceed 10 mm, or less if specified in the welding
procedure.
6.12.6. When welding is interrupted for some reason, welds shall not be allowed to cool to below
the defined preheat temperature until the thickness of the weld deposited exceeds one third
of the final weld thickness. Any interruptions during the welding cycle shall be avoided
whenever possible. When such interruption is unavoidable, either the preheat temperature
(if any) shall be maintained during the interruption, or the joint shall be wrapped in dry
thermal insulating blankets to ensure slow cooling. Before recommencing welding, the
required preheat, if any, shall be re-applied.
6.12.7. The use of backing strips or rings shall not be permitted.
6.12.8. Arc strikes outside the weld bevel shall be avoided. Arc strikes outside the finished weld
joint shall be removed by careful grinding. The ground area shall be examined for any
defects using MT or PT. Any defects shall be removed by grinding and the area re-
examined. Any grinding shall be blended in smoothly to the surrounding area and shall not
infringe on the minimum pressure design thickness, including corrosion allowance
6.13. ATTACHMENT WELDS
6.13.1. Attachment welds shall be made by qualified welders, using approved welding procedures.
6.13.2. Temporary attachments welded to the base metal shall be compatible with the base metal
and welded in accordance with a qualified weld procedure. Temporary attachments shall be
removed by grinding and the base metal restored to its original condition before final heat
treatment (if required), and hydrostatic test or final acceptance.
6.13.3. The areas where temporary attachments were removed shall be subjected to MT or PT,
whichever is appropriate.
6.14. WELD CLEANING
6.14.1. After each welding pass, the weld shall be cleaned of all flux and slag by power wire brush,
grinding or hand tools. Only stainless steel wire brushes shall be used for stainless steel or
non-ferrous materials. Used stainless steel wire brushes shall be identified for use
exclusively for the same type materials.
6.14.2. Each welding pass shall be visually inspected to ensure freedom from slag, cracks, and
porosity before the start of the next pass. Any defects shall be removed or repaired prior to
the start of the next pass.
6.14.3. On completion of the weld, the adjacent surfaces shall be cleaned of all spatter, slag and
flux.
6.14.4. Weld peening is not permitted.
6.14.5. For double welded joints, the backside of the joints shall be cleaned/gouged to sound metal.
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6.14.6. All slag shall be removed from the backside of each austenitic stainless steel or nickel based
alloys weld.
6.15. CLEANING, PICKLING AND PASSIVATION
6.15.1. For all materials:
a) All parts shall be cleaned, from both sides, after fabrication and heat treatment, to remove all
loose scales, weld spatters, and other debris.
6.15.2. For stainless steel / duplex stainless steel parts:

a) Oxidation, tarnish, heat tint or other surface contamination shall be removed by mechanical
and / or chemical cleaning. Mechanical methods include machining, grinding, using silicon
carbide or stainless steel grinding wheels, power brushing (not previously used on carbon
steel), polishing and abrasive blasting.
b) All stainless / duplex steel welds and adjacent area shall be externally and internally pickled
and repassivated after their completion in accordance with ASTM A380.This treatment aims
to restore the surface passivity layer and by so, the materials corrosion resistance properties.
c) A proper rinsing process shall follow the pickling process in order to remove all acidic
traces.
6.15.3. For Nickel alloys parts:
a Oxidation, tarnish, heat tint or other surface contamination shall be removed by

mechanical and / or chemical cleaning. Cleaning methods include:
a.1 PICKLING: During post-fabrication free iron should be removed by an acid pickle
treatment. When pickling is not practical, brushing shall be used.
a.2 BRUSHING: Metallic contaminants and materials which are not oil or grease-based can
be removed by mechanical means such as brushing. Brushing tools shall have stainless
steel or nylon brushes, or abrasive disks or wheels that have never been used on iron or
steel.
a.3 SHOTBLASTING: Shotblasting is carried out with dry abrasive materials at a

temperature higher than 15°C and humidity level below 85%. With any blasting, care
must be taken to assure that the abrasive is free from iron or other foreign material that
could contaminate the surface.
a.4 DUST REMOVAL: On completion of mechanical cleaning operations (abrasive

blasting, brushing, grinding, etc ) dust shall be removed by vacuum, wiping, or air blow.
The air used for blowing shall be dry, oil-free with a maximum humidity of 50% and a
dew point of 10° C max.
a.5 DEGREASING: Oil or grease based (hydrocarbon-based) contaminants shall be

removed by solvent cleaning.
Note: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) or any sulfur bearing lubricant shall not be use on any
part of the component during manufacture, test and operation.
a.6 WASHING: After non destructive tests (NDT), the residues should be removed by using
demineralized water.
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6.16. PREHEATING AND INTERPASS REQUIREMENTS

6.16.1. Preheating, where required, applies to all welding, tack welding, and thermal cutting of
ferritic steels except for thermal cutting of P1 materials. Minimum preheat requirements
shall follow the applicable code such as ASME Section VIII, Appendix R; ASME B31.3,
Table 330.1.1; and AWS D1.1, Annex XI. Any recommendations or requirements for
preheat listed in the applicable code shall be considered mandatory.
6.16.2. The preheat temperature shall be applied throughout the entire thickness of the weld and at
least 3 in. (76 mm) on each side of the weld. The preheat and interpass temperature shall be
checked by use of thermocouples, temperature indicating crayons, pyrometers or other
suitable methods.
6.16.3. The maximum interpass temperature shall be specified in the WPS and PQR for austenitic
stainless steels, duplex stainless steels, and non-ferrous alloys and, when impact testing is
required, for carbon and low-alloy steels.
6.17. POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
6.17.1. Postweld heat treatment used for a PQR shall be in accordance with a procedure based on
the requirements of: the applicable code, the equipment Data Sheet, the Piping Specification
or the Petrobras Technical Specifications. For critical conditions, as previously stated by
PETROBRAS, or as agreed between PETROBRAS and CONTRACTOR, the heat treatment
procedure shall be reviewed and approved by PETROBRAS prior to PWHT.
6.17.2. All WPSs specifying PWHT shall indicate the following:

a. Maximum heating rate.
b. Holding temperature range.
c. Holding time.
d. Maximum cooling rate.
6.17.2.1. As an alternative, the WPS may reference a separate project-specific PWHT procedure.
6.17.3. Where required, heat treatment shall precede any hydro testing specified.
6.17.4. For special heat treating methods such as induction and internally fired, the process and heat
treating package shall have prior approval by PETROBRAS prior to the project.
6.17.4.1. The use of manually operated gas torches or gas rings shall not be permitted.
6.17.5. Hardness testing shall be performed to verify that the hardness requirements can be met
following a specified PWHT.
6.17.5.1. When hardness testing is performed due to service conditions (NACE RP 0175 or API
RP 945), testing requirements and methods given in NACE RP 0175 or API RP 945 shall
be used for hardness testing (when not specified in those standards, hardness testing
requirements shall be according to Annex J).
6.17.5.2. When hardness testing is performed for reasons other than service related conditions,
hardness testing requirements shall be according to Annex J.
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6.17.6. Except for weld overlays, welding procedure qualification tests for austenitic stainless steel
to ferritic steel welds shall employ the maximum PWHT temperature limit specified in the
welding procedure whenever the stainless steel is heated above 705ºC.
6.17.7. Exemption from code required PWHT for ferritic materials based on the use of austenitic or
nickel-based filler materials shall not be used.
6.17.8. Code exemption from PWHT for P4 and P5 materials is not permitted for applications in
sour or hydrogen service or where the nominal chromium content of the material exceeds
1.25%.
6.17.9. The zone to be heated during PWHT shall cover the temporary weld areas referring to
auxiliary assembly devices, even when they have been removed.
6.17.10. For site or field welds, particularly "in situ" welds, local postweld heat treatment may be
conducted according to a written procedure approved by PETROBRAS. For piping, local
PWHT shall be performed as stated in AWS D10.10.
6.17.11. For pressure vessels, local PWHT shall not be used, and shall be performed only if
previously approved by PETROBRAS. In this case CONTRACTOR shall demonstrate by
calculation or by consolidated methods, for example, as stated in BS 5500 item 4.4.4.2,
that the temperature gradient conditions are not harmful.
6.17.12. During PWHT a minimum of four (4) thermocouples shall be used to ensure that a uniform
temperature is achieved, and no harmful gradients occur during the heat treatment cycle.
The thermocouples shall be used to continuously generate a thermal history chart, which
shall be included in the heat treatment records. The chart shall be identified against each
specific weld, and approved by the PETROBRAS and/or Classification Society.
6.17.12.1. Thermocouples may be attached to the work by any means in order to achieve accurate
metal temperatures.
6.17.12.2. The PWHT temperature shall be measured on the base metal, on all joint members, on
the opposite side of the heating source, at a distance not less than 75 mm from the
region to be welded.
6.17.13. Welding shall not be used on any material that has been postweld heat treated.
6.18. WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS
6.18.1. Welding Procedures shall be qualified and approved in accordance with applicable code
with the additional requirements of this technical specification, the Classification Society
Rules and design specification requirements.
6.18.2. If the base metal is exempt from toughness testing, the weld metal shall have toughness
equal to or greater than 20 ft. lb. (27 J) at either 0ºC, the absolute minimum air temperature
(dry bulb) data from “METOCEAN DATA” or the minimum design metal temperature
(MDMT), whichever is lower.
6.18.2.1. The weld metal toughness may be certified by the filler metal manufacturer according to
ASME Section II (Part C) or, if required by PETROBRAS, shall be established by the
PQR.
6.18.2.2. Toughness test during the PQR is required for:

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a) Piping pressure rating 300 psi with inflammable or toxic gas,

b) Equipment with inflammable or toxic gas with a design pressure of 2 MPa or higher,
c) Piping pressure rating 900 psi or higher with non inflammable or toxic gas,
d) Equipment with non inflammable or toxic gas with a design pressure of 6 MPa or higher,
e) When the equipment or piping base metal has toughness requirements,
f) When required by design specification requirements.
6.18.2.3. Welding procedures for weld overlay clad process shall be according with applicable
code, with the additional requirements of: this technical specification, Classification
Society Rules and requirements of Annexes O and P.
6.18.3. Documentation for previously qualified welding procedures may be submitted to the
PETROBRAS to support Welding Procedure Specifications. Where it is considered that
such documentation adequately proves the suitability of the welding procedures, and meets
the requirements of this technical specification, re-qualification may not be required, at the
discretion of PETROBRAS.
6.18.4. The approval of welding procedure qualifications shall be based on satisfactory mechanical
and corrosion testing and NDT.
6.18.5. All mechanical and corrosion testing and NDT shall be conducted after any PWHT that may
be required.
6.18.6. Qualification Certificates shall include the actual results of the tests required by this
Specification. Only the term 'satisfactory' for tensile, Charpy, hardness and corrosion tests
is not acceptable.
6.18.7. Fillet welds in non sour service applications may be qualified by butt welds for the same
materials and thicknesses.
6.18.8. Welding procedure qualification tests for corrosion resistant materials and weld metal
overlays shall be carried out in accordance with ASME Section IX and this Specification
(for example: additional hardness tests, bend tests, corrosion tests and chemical analysis
may be required).
6.19. WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION
6.19.1. GENERAL
Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with Annex H – PERSONNEL
QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION and in accordance with the requirements specified
herein.
6.19.2. CONTRACTOR'S OBLIGATION
The qualification of welders or welding operators on production welds is not permitted. A separate
test weld sample shall be required in each case of qualification or re-qualification.
Records showing the date and results of all qualification tests conducted by each welder or welding
operator and the identification mark assigned to them shall at all times be available for scrutiny by
the PETROBRAS and Classification Society.
Full traceability of the welder identification for each weld shall be maintained in the weld
documentation.
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6.19.3. QUALIFICATION VALIDITY
Welder and welding operator qualifications are valid indefinitely providing can show evidence that
the welder or operator has been continuously involved in work of a similar nature since successful
qualification as stated in Annex H – PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND
CERTIFICATION.
6.19.4. IDENTIFICATION OF WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS
6.19.4.1. All welders and welding operators qualified for production welding shall be assigned a
unique identification number or symbol which shall be die stamped or marked in crayon,
as stated in the applicable code or PETROBRAS technical specifications, adjacent to
each weld carried out by them.
6.19.4.2. Identification cards which show the scope of their qualification shall be carried by the
welders and welding operators at all times.
6.20. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
All non-destructive testing shall be performed according to I-ET-3010.78-1000-974-PSQ-001.
6.21. REPAIR OF INJURIOUS DEFECTS

6.21.1. Prior to conducting any repairs involving welding, the CONTRACTOR shall submit a
written repair welding procedure to PETROBRAS and Classification Society for approval.
This shall include details of the type and extent of defects, methods of removal and
preparation of the weld area. PETROBRAS shall require that a repair welding procedure is
qualified, in accordance with the requirements of the design code and this Specification.
Note: As a guidance to repair welding procedure, see Annex K.
6.21.2. All critical repair work (the repair that exceeds that permitted by the design code or by the
material specification) shall be reported to the PETROBRAS and this repair work shall only
proceed with the authorization of PETROBRAS.
6.21.3. Acceptance of all critical repair work shall be subject to the approval of PETROBRAS.
6.21.4. The CONTRACTOR shall keep record of the weld repair rates per project on a periodic
basis, not greater than one month. Records shall be submitted to PETROBRAS for review.
Weld repair rates above 2% shall be considered as abnormal and corrective actions shall be
immediately taken by CONTRACTOR.
6.22. PRODUCTION TESTING
6.22.1. Production testing shall be performed when required by the design code or when commonly
agreed between the CONTRACTOR and PETROBRAS.
6.22.2. For pressure vessels the requirements of ASME VIII Division 1, UG-84(i) for Vessel
(Production) Impact Test Plates shall be applied except that it is not permitted to reduce the
quantity of production plates as specified in UG-84(i)(3)(b)
6.22.3. For piping the requirements of ASME B31.3, Table 323.3.1 – Impact Requirements for
Metals, shall be used in Fabrication and Assembly.
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6.22.4. Each project requires specific production testing according to above items.
7. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – CARBON STEEL AND CARBON-MANGANESE STEEL
7.1. Base Metal
Carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel having a minimum tensile strength of 630 MPa
(64.2 kgf/mm2) or below and complying with the material specification indicated by the design
standard.
7.2. Consumables
7.2.1. Consumables shall comply with the conditions indicated below:

a) the tensile strength of the deposited metal shall be at least equal to the minimum tensile strength
specified for the base metal;
b) consumables shall be specified in accordance with standards AWS, according to the welding
process, namely:
- covered electrode: standards AWS A5.1 and AWS A5.5;
- MIG/MAG: specification AWS A5.18;
- electrogas: specification AWS A5.26;
- submerged arc: specification AWS A5.17 and AWS A5.23;
- tubular wire: specification AWS A5.20;
- GTAW: specification AWS A5.18;
c) electrodes of classification AWS EXX12, EXX13, EXX13-X, EXX14, EXX24, EXX27, and
EXX27X shall not be used for welding offshore metallic structures and pressure parts, except for
fillet welds of storage tanks (thickness ≤ 12.5 mm);
d) electrodes of classification AWS EXX10, EXX10-X, EXX11 and EXX11-X shall not be used
for welding metallic structures and pressure parts over 15 mm thick and castings of any
thickness, except for oil and gas pipelines;
7.2.2. For GTAW welding, when gas for protecting the root of the weld is used, it shall be argon or
helium.
7.3. Welding Technique
7.3.1. For carbon electrode cutting, preheating of parts will not be necessary.
7.3.2. When impact testing is required, the oscillation of the electrode shall be such that the pass
width does not exceed 3 times the diameter of the core of the covered electrode.
7.3.3. For GTAW welding, it is not necessary to use gas for protecting the root of the weld from
inside the part.
7.4. Preheating and Interpass Temperature
7.4.1.1. For basic coating electrode, GTAW and submerged arc welding, the parts shall be
preheated to a temperature equal to or higher than those indicated in Table 2.
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Table 2- PREHEATING TEMPERATURES (°C)
Carbon Calculated Thickness of Welded Joint (e) 1)

Equivalent
(CE) 2) e ≤ 20 mm 20 < e ≤ 30 mm e > 30 mm
CE ≤ 0.41 - - (75)
0.41 < CE ≤ 0.43 - (50) 100 (100)
0.43 < CE ≤ 0.45 - (50) - (100) 100 (125)
0.45 < CE ≤ 0.47 - (100) 100 (125) 125 (150)
0.47 < CE ≤ 0.50 100 (125) 125 (150) 150 (175)
Notes:
1) The thickness (e) shall be calculated according to FIGURE 1.
2) The carbon equivalent (CE) shall be calculated based on the values obtained from the fabrication
certificates, and when that is not possible, with the specification of the material, according to the
following formula (IIW – International Institute of Welding formula):
% Mn % Cr + % Mn + % V % Cu + % Ni
CE = % C + + +
6 5 15
3) The values within parentheses are applied to offshore metallic structures.

4) The values of Table 2 may be modified provided they are considered in the qualification of the
welding procedure. Example: when the application is for repairs, cast materials, welding energy
used and type of service.
7.4.1.2. When impact testing is required, the interpass temperature shall not exceed 250 °C.
7.5. Postheating
It shall not be required, except for repair work for vessels, to prevent cold cracking.
7.6. Inspection
There are no specific requirements for carbon steels and carbon-manganese steels. The
requirements of I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PPC-001 – Requirements for Welding Inspection shall be
followed.
E
7.7. Weld Repairs
7.7.1. Whenever there are controlled toughness requirements, no more than 2 repairs shall be
permitted at the same region of the welded joint.
7.7.2. In other cases, no more than 3 repairs should be permitted at the same region of the welded
joints.
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Figure 1 – Detail for determination of thickness
8. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM AND CARBON-

MOLYBDENUM STEELS
8.1. Base Metal
Chromium-molybdenum steel with a chromium content between 0.4 % and 10 % and carbon-
molybdenum steel with a content of up to 0.65 % of molybdenum complying with the material
specification indicated by the equipment design standard.
8.2. Consumables
8.2.1. For consumables the conditions indicated below shall be followed:
a) electrodes and rods shall be in accordance with Table 3;

b) when heterogeneous welding is not permitted by the design or fabrication and assembly standard
of the equipment, consumables shall be specified as described below, considering covered
electrode and GTAW welding processes:
- cyclic operation temperature: specification AWS A5.11, ENiCrFe-2 maximum temperature:
820 °C (preferred) or ENiCrFe-3 maximum temperature: 480 °C and specification AWS A5.14,
ERNiCr-3;
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- non-cyclic operating temperature below 315 °C: specification AWS A5.4,

E309-15/16 (preferred) or E312-15/16 and specification AWS A5.9, ER309 (preferred) and
ER312.
Table 3- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR CARBON-MOLYBDENUM AND CHROMIUM-

MOLYBDENUM STEELS
Covered Electrode Bare Electrode and Rod

Material
Classification - AWS AWS Classification
AWS AWS
Preferred Alternative Preferred Alternative
Spec. Spec.
0.5 % Mo A5.5 E7018-A1 E701X-A1 1) A5.28 ER80S-D2 -
0.5 % Cr - 0.5 % Mo A5.5 E8018-B1 E8016-B1 A5.28 ER80S-B2 ER80S-B2L
1 % Cr - 0.5 % Mo E8016-B2
A5.5 E8018-B2 A5.28 ER80S-B2 ER80S-B2L
1.25 % Cr - 0.5 % Mo E701X-B2L
E901X- ER90S-B3 ER90S-B3L
2.25 % Cr - 1.0 % Mo A5.5 E801X-B3L A5.28
B3 ER80S-B3 ER80S-B3L
E801X-
5.0 % Cr - 0.5 % Mo 2) A5.5 E801X-B6L A5.28 ER80S-B6 -
B6
E801X-
7.0 % Cr - 0.5 % Mo 2) A5.5 E801X-B7L A5.28 ER80S-B8 -
B7
E801X-
B8 ER80S-B8
9.0 % Cr - 1.0 % Mo 2) A5.5 E801X-B8L A5.28 -
E901X- ER90S-B9
B9
Notes:
1) When E7010-A1 and E7011-A1 are used, those electrodes shall not be adopted for welding and
pressure parts in welds larger than 10 mm.
2) The consumables indicated (AWS A5.5) correspond to the former consumables of specification
AWS A5.4.
8.2.2. For GTAW welding the gas used for protecting the root of the weld shall be argon or
helium.
8.3.1. When stainless steel and nickel alloy consumables are used, the following requirements shall
be met:
a) The products used in the liquid penetrant testing shall be free from contaminants;
b) the oscillation of the electrode shall be such that the pass width does not exceed 3 times the
diameter of the covered electrode core;
c) additional precautions shall be taken when cleaning and preparing the joint to be welded, so as to
avoid the presence of contaminants.
8.3.2. When nickel alloy consumables are used, all slag shall be fully removed during and after
welding.
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8.4.1. The parts shall be preheated in accordance with the conditions indicated below:
a) carbon-molybdenum steel, joint thickness equal to or smaller than 12 mm: without preheating;
b) carbon-molybdenum steel, joint thickness greater than 12 mm: 150 °C;
c) chromium-molybdenum steels with a chromium content less than 2 %, any joint thickness:
200 °C;
d) chromium-molybdenum steels with a chromium content equal to or higher than 2 %, any joint
thickness: 250 °C;
e) heterogeneous welds, any chromium content and joint thickness: 150 °C, except for carbon-
molybdenum steel with a joint thickness equal to or smaller than 12 mm, in which case
preheating is not required.
8.4.2. For GTAW welding, the temperatures indicated above, paragraphs c) and d) may be reduced
by 50 °C.
8.4.3. Interpass temperatures shall not exceed the following conditions:
a) carbon-molybdenum steel: 250 °C;

b) chromium-molybdenum steels with a chromium content less than 2 %: 300 °C;
c) chromium-molybdenum steels with a chromium content equal to or higher than 2 %: 350 °C;
d) heterogeneous weld, carbon-molybdenum steel and chromium-molybdenum steel with any
chromium content: 200 °C.
8.5. Postheating
8.5.1. Postheating shall be required under the following conditions, based on the material and
thickness of the joint, in accordance with Figure 1:
a) carbon-molybdenum steel: 200 °C, only for joint thicknesses greater than 25 mm;
b) chromium-molybdenum steels: 300 °C, only in the following cases:
- chromium content equal to or less than 2 % and joint thickness greater than 20 mm;
- chromium content between 2 % and 7 % and joint thickness greater than 12 mm;
- chromium content equal to or larger than 7 % and joint thickness greater than 6 mm.
Note: When postheating is required based on the criteria described above, the maximum period
shall be 1 min/mm of the joint thickness, but equal to or longer than 15 minutes.
8.5.2. Postheating shall not be required for heterogeneous welds.
8.5.3. When postheating is not required, the welded joint shall be protected from quick cooling.
8.6. Inspection E
8.6.1. The I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PPC-001 – Requirements for Welding Inspection shall be

followed with the additional requirement stated below:
8.6.2. For heterogeneous welding, with austenitic filler metal, a liquid penetrant testing shall be
performed to the extent indicated in the standard of the equipment. The test shall be done on
both the internal and external sides of the equipment when there is access. The visual test
shall be performed on 100 % on the root pass.
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8.7. Weld Repairs
No more than 2 repairs shall be permitted at the same region of the welded joint.
9. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL
9.1. Base Metal
Austenitic stainless steels of designation AISI/SAE and ASTM of P Number 8, which comply with
the material specification of the design standard of the equipment.
9.2. Consumables
9.2.1. Consumables shall comply with the conditions indicated in Table 4.
9.2.2. For GTAW welding, the gas used for protecting the weld root may be argon, helium or
nitrogen.
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Table 4 - ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

Material
Covered Electrode AW Bare Electrode and Rod
Type AWS
S
Spec. AWS Classification AWS Classification
1) spec.
Preferred Alternative Preferred Alternative 1)
304, CF-8,
A5.4 E308-15/16/17 E308L-15/16/17 A5.9 ER308 ER308L
CF-20
304L, E316L ER308L ER347
A5.4 E308L-15/16/17 A5.9
CF-3 E347 ER308LSi ER316L
309,
A5.4 E309-15/16/17 E309 MoL A5.9 ER309 ER309 MoL
CH-20
E309Cb- E309-15/16
309S A5.4 A5.9 ER309L ER309
15/16/17 E309L
310,
A5.4 E310-15/16/17 E310Cb A5.9 ER310 -
CK-20
E310Cb-
310S A5.4 E310-15/16 A5.9 ER310 -
15/16/17
X40NiCrNb 35-
25
HK-40 A5.4 E310-H 2) - A5.9 ER310H
(DIN 8556)
HK-40
E316L
316, ER316L
A5.4 E316-15/16/17 3) 15/16/17 A5.9 ER316 3)
CF-8M ER16-8-2
E16-8-2
E16-8-2 ER16-8-2
316H A5.4 E316H A5.9 ER316H
E316 ER316
316L,
A5.4 E316L-15/16/17 - A5.9 ER316L -
CF-3M
317,
A5.4 E317-15/16/17 - A5.9 ER317 -
CG-8M
ER321 ER347
(GTAW) (GTAW)
321, 321H A5.4 E347-15/16/17 - A5.9
ER347 ER321
(GMAW) (GMAW)
347,
CF-8C, A5.4 E347-15/16/17 - A5.9 ER347 ER321
347H
304H A5.4 E308H-15/16/17 - A5.9 ER308H -
X40NiCrNb
35-25
HP-40 A5.4 - - A5.9 -
(DIN 8556)
HP-40
Notes:
1) To be previously approved by PETROBRAS.
2) Electrode may be used in non-pressurized equipment.
3) For operating temperatures over 400 °C and any thickness, use may be made of consumables
whose chemical composition of the deposited metal is the same as that of the electrode in
specification AWS A5.4, E16-8-2-15/16/17.
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9.3.1. Tools for slag removal, cleaning, and cutting shall only be used for those materials and shall
fulfill the following conditions:
a) slag removal and cleaning tools shall be made of stainless steel or covered with that material;
b) cutting disks shall be made of aluminum oxide with a nylon or fiber glass core;
c) additional precautions shall be taken for cleaning and preparation of the joint to be welded so as
to avoid the presence of contaminants.
9.3.2. The surface of parts shall be protected against adherence of spatters and other welding
projections.
9.3.3. The part of the auxiliary assembly device in contact with or welded to the equipment shall
be made of material of the same P number as the base metal (according to the classification
of standard ASME Section IX) or, alternatively, covered with the consumable specified for
welding of the base metal in deposits of at least two layers.
9.3.4. Cutting with carbon electrode is not permitted.
9.3.5. The oscillation of the electrode shall be such that the pass width does not exceed
3 times the covered electrode’s core diameter.
9.3.6. The heat input shall be limited to a maximum of 2,2 kJ/mm.
9.4.1. Pre-heating is not permitted.
9.4.2. The interpass temperature shall be kept as low as possible, without exceeding 150 °C.
9.5. Postheating
It is not required.
9.6. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)
For material grades TP309HCb, TP310HCb, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP348, and
TP348H shall be given a stabilization heat treatment at a temperature lower than that used for the
initial solution annealing heat treatment. The temperature of stabilization heat treatment shall be as
agreed upon between the CONTRACTOR and PETROBRAS. The stabilizing heat treatment shall
be performed after the welding.
9.7. Inspection
E

followed with the additional requirements stated below:
9.7.2. The liquid penetrant testing to the extent specified in the standard of the equipment shall be
performed on the outside and inside of the weld when there is access. The visual test shall be
performed 100 % on the root pass.
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9.7.3. The weld zones in stainless steels shall be visually examined on the inside (whenever
possible) and outside and fulfill the following criteria or alternatively evaluated as
acceptable in accordance with pictures shown in NORSOK M-601 – Welding and
Inspection of piping-Annex B: Acceptable oxidations of welds in stainless steels:
• the oxidation levels showing light brown to brown colour are acceptable;
• oxidation levels showing a narrow band of dark brown colour and intermittent spots of blue
colour are acceptable;
• darker or more extensive oxidation colours are not acceptable, and shall be chemically or
mechanically removed.
9.8. Weld Repairs
10. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
10.1. Base Metal

Acceptable specifications include:
Stainless steel type 22% Cr duplex

Alloys with 22% Cr shall be according to UNS S31803 and UNS S32205.
Stainless steel type 25% Cr duplex

Alloys with 25% Cr and PRE > 40 shall be according to UNS S32550, UNS S32750, UNS S32760
and UNS S39274.
10.2. Consumables
10.2.1. Duplex stainless steel welding consumables shall be selected to achieve a minimum Pitting
Resistance Equivalent (PRE) number of 33 for UNS S31803 / UNS S32205, and 40 for UNS
S32550, UNS S32750, UNS S32760 and UNS S39274.
PRE = % Cr + 3,3 x % Mo + 16x % N- (Pitting resistance equivalent)

PREw = %Cr + 3,3x(%Mo +0,5x %W) +16x %N (includes the role of tungsten alloying)
10.2.1.1. A matching consumable with enhanced Ni content compared to the base material shall be
used.
10.2.1.2. The S content shall not exceed 0,015 %.

10.2.2. The selection of the filler metal shall be the responsibility of CONTRACTOR, who shall
demonstrate that it can meet the mechanical and metallurgical requirements of this
Specification. In order to achieve this, over alloying of consumables is required. All
welding consumables shall be provided with material certifications.
10.2.3. The alloy elements shall be in the solid rod and not in the flux for covered electrodes, except
for SAW.
10.2.4. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that each batch of welding consumables is tested prior to
use in production. Production welding parameters shall be used to weld up test pieces. The
tests shall be carried out by the consumable manufacturer and shall demonstrate that the
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procedure qualification Charpy V-Notch acceptance criteria (Annex L) and ferrite content of
between 40% and 60% can be achieved as per ASTM E 562 - Determining Volume Fraction
by Systematic Manual Point Count, and that the analysis is as specified. The test results shall
be attached to the relevant welding consumable test certificate.
10.3.1. Cleaning and Preparation for Welding
10.3.1.1. Where accessible, the internal side of the welds shall be mechanically cleaned and visually
per weld.
10.3.1.2. The weld preparation shall be made using plasma cutting, grinding or machining. Cutting
with carbon electrode is not permitted.
10.3.1.3. Tools for slag removal, cleaning, and cutting shall only be used for those materials and
shall fulfill the following conditions:
• slag removal and cleaning tools shall be made of stainless steel or covered with that
material;
• cutting disks shall be made of aluminum oxide with a nylon or fiber glass core;
• additional precautions shall be taken for cleaning and preparation of the joint to be welded
so as to avoid the presence of contaminants.
10.3.1.4. The surface of parts shall be protected against adherence of spatters and other welding
projections.
10.3.1.5. The weld preparation shall encompass a 50 mm wide band on both sides of the weld seam.
This area shall be cleaned by stainless steel wire brushes and solvent degreasing shall be
used to remove oxides, dirt, grease, paint or other contaminants, which may be deleterious
to the weld. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that grinding wheels, files, wire brushes
and similar tools are dedicated to stainless steel use only
10.3.1.6. If tack welds or bridge pieces are used, the CONTRACTOR shall submit full details of the
procedure to be used, including details of materials of the bridges, to the PETROBRAS
review.
10.3.1.7. The part of the auxiliary assembly device in contact with or welded to the equipment shall
of standard ASME Section IX) or, alternatively, covered with the consumable specified for
welding of the base metal in deposits of at least two layers.
10.3.1.8. All crater cracks at starts and stops shall be removed before welding the next pass.
10.3.2. Welding Processes
10.3.2.1. The root run of welds in pipework shall be made by the GTAW process. GTAW, SAW,
pulsed GMAW or SMAW may be acceptable for fill and cap runs following the root run.
The use of other welding processes shall be subject to PETROBRAS approval.
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10.3.2.2. The polarity for GTAW shall be DC electrode negative. Electrodes shall be of the 2%
Thoriated Tungsten type.
10.3.2.3. The polarity for SMAW shall be as per the manufacturer’s recommendations. Equipment
which has been used for welding materials other than stainless steel shall not be used.
Components such as gas lenses and ceramic nozzles shall be replaced either with new
items, or items used only for stainless steel materials.
10.3.2.4. All welds shall be made with a filler metal. Autogenous welds are not permitted.
10.3.3. Gases for Shielding and Purging
10.3.3.1. Gas or gas mixtures used for shielding or purging shall be inert gases of high purity,
oxygen and CO2-free, according ISO 14175 (group I).
10.3.3.2. Gas mixtures containing hydrogen shall not be used.
10.3.3.3. Gas mixtures containing nitrogen should be used to weld duplex steels to protect against
nitrogen loss during welding. For root weld using GTAW gas mixture containing nitrogen
shall be used.
10.3.3.4. The pipe bore shall be purged prior to and during welding (including tacking): purging
shall be maintained until completion of welding unless the CONTRACTOR can
demonstrate that removal of the purge before completion will not affect the bore condition.
10.3.3.5. Addition of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the shielding or purging gas shall be avoided
because they reduce the corrosion resistance of the welds.
10.3.3.5.1. In any case the oxygen content of the purging or shielding gas shall exceed 0.25% prior
and during welding (including tacking). The oxygen level during the weld procedure
qualification and production shall be monitored with an oxygen meter.
10.3.3.5.2. In any case the CO2 content of the purging or shielding gas shall not exceed 1% prior
and during welding (including tacking).
10.3.4. Joint Geometry
The weld root gap is of critical importance in achieving optimum root weld metal austenite to ferrite
ratio for corrosion resistance. Weld root gaps below 2 mm are not permitted, unless can
demonstrate that his procedure will not adversely affect the micro structural balance of the root
bead. The CONTRACTOR shall also ensure that the qualified root gap is achieved consistently
during production welding. Composite grooves are recommended for heavy wall thicknesses.
10.3.5. Heat Input

10.3.5.1. The heat input shall not exceed the range approved by the CONTRACTOR on the
qualified welding procedure. Tests outside the range 0.5 to 1.5 KJ/mm for the DUPLEX
type 25%Cr and, for the duplex type 22%Cr, 0,5 – 2,5 KJ/mm, are not acceptable unless
otherwise approved by the PETROBRAS.
10.3.5.2. A special need for closed heat input control of the root and second pass is required due to
corrosion resistance considerations. For optimun corrosion resistance of root pass, it shall
be use a maximum heat input of 1,43 kJ/mm (37 kJ/in) for the root pass and a value 75% of
this for the second pass.
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10.3.6. Welding Monitoring
For the shop and field welds the following parameters shall be monitored to ensure the required
range of the WPS used:
• Oxygen level of the back purge

• Heat input
• Welding consumable batch
• Interpass temperature
10.4.1.1. Pre-heating is not permitted except when the temperature is below 5ºC.
10.4.1.2. The interpass temperature shall be kept as low as possible, not exceeding 150 °C for the
Duplex type 25%Cr and for the Duplex type 22%Cr not exceeding 250ºC.
10.4.1.2.1. For wall thickness equal to or higher than 25 mm, the maximum interpass temperature
shall be reduced to 150ºC for the Duplex type 22%Cr and 65ºC for the Duplex type
25%Cr .This situation arises from the fact of the interpass temperature is measured
on the surface of the weld or on the base metal close to the weld, and the actual
temperature will be higher deeper inside the weld metal which can cause
embrittlement and low impact values in the root region.
10.4.1.2.2. Other maximum interpass temperatures requires prior approval of PETROBRAS.
10.4.1.3. Monitoring of the interpass temperature shall be carried out on a spot basis using calibrated
digital readout thermometers.
10.4.1.3.1. Temperature-indicating crayons shall be used with prior PETROBRAS approval. If the
crayons are used, certificates from the crayon manufacturer shall be available for
review by the purchaser’s representative, which certify a maximum halogen content
of 200 ppm and maximum sulfur content of 200 ppm.
10.5. Postheating
Postheating is not permitted.
10.6. Inspection
E

10.6.1.1. Final Product Ferrite Meter Testing
10.6.1.1.1. The ferrite content of all accessible completed production welds shall be checked using a
ferritescope. A minimum of three tests shall be made on each 1.5 m (5 ft) of weld.
The average value of the ferritescope readings on each weld shall be 40% – 60%. For
calibrating the ferritescope, the volume percent ferrite shall be determined using a
ferritescope at similar locations as those tested using the point counting technique
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(see Annex M– MEASUREMENT OF FERRITE CONTENT FOR DUPLEX

STAINLESS STEELS (MODIFIED ASTM E 562)).
10.6.1.1.2. When the ferrite meter examination indicates the possible presence of sigma this shall
then be definitively confirmed by in situ metallography.
10.6.1.2. Final Product Hardness Testing (Hardness surveys)
10.6.1.2.1. Where ISO 15156 requirements are not applicable, hardness surveys shall be according
to Annex J. The average result shall meet 255 HBN maximum, and the individual
readings shall meet 270 HB maximum.
10.6.1.2.2. Where ISO 15156 requirements are applicable, a sample of production welds - weld
metal and weld heat-affected zones - shall be Vickers (HV5 or HV10) hardness
tested to demonstrate conformance with limits required by ISO 15156 / NACE MR
0175. The welds to be examined shall be selected to ensure that the work product of
each welder or welding operator doing the production welding is included.
10.6.1.2.3. The test location and frequency:

A. Where ISO 15156 requirements are not applicable: according to Annex J
B. Where ISO 15156 requirements are applicable:

• For Piping - a sample of ten percent of production welds;
• For Equipment - the sampling of welds shall be performed in the following regions
a) longitudinal welds: 1 measurement in each 6 m weld and at least 1 measurement for each
individual ring. In case of having 2 or more longitudinal welds in 1 ring, but with less than 6 m
weld (sum of weld lengths), then only 1 weld shall be examined.
b) circumferencial welds: 1 measurement in each 6 m weld and at least 1 measurement for each
circumferencial weld;
c) intersection of longitudinal with circumferencial welds: 1 measurement in each intersection;
d) nozzles welds: 1 measurement in each nozzle to shell weld;
e) welds in sites of stress concentration, as:
- points of geometric alteration (example: head x shell);
- welds of internal supports: measurement in the upper point of internal support, as being, the
tensioned side of the support.
10.6.1.2.4. Penalty Criteria (Progressive Sampling for Examination):
If hardness measurement values are not exceeded, all items represented by this sample shall be
accepted. When required hardness measurement values are exceeded:
a. two additional samples of the same kind (same material, and same welder or welding operator)
shall be given the same type of examination, for each exceeded value;
b. if the items examined as required by (a) above are acceptable, the defective item shall be
repaired or replaced and reexamined by hardness measurement as specified, and all items
represented by these two additional samples shall be accepted, but
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c. if any of the items examined as required by (a) above reveals a hardness greater than
acceptable, two further samples of the same kind shall be examined for each defective item
found by that sampling
d. if all the items examined as required by (c) above are acceptable, the defective item(s) shall be
repaired or replaced and reexamined by hardness measurement as specified, and all items
represented by the additional sampling shall be accepted, but
e. if any of the items examined as required by (c) above reveals a defect, all items represented by
the progressive sampling shall be either:
i. repaired or replaced and reexamined as required, or
ii. fully examined and repaired or replaced as necessary, and reexamined as necessary to meet the
requirements of this specification
10.7. Weld Repairs
10.8. Additional requirements for welding procedure qualification

10.8.1. For DUPLEX stainless steels: According to Annex L.
10.9. Welder Qualification (additional requirements for Duplex Welds)
10.9.1. Welders shall be qualified according to ASME Section IX as per qualified welding
procedure (At the minimum root gap). The parent material to be used for the welder
qualification shall be identical to the one used in production.
10.9.2. The qualification shall include as a minimum radiography, guided bend tests and a
microstructural evaluation.
10.9.3. In addition to the essential and supplementary essential variables listed in the ASME
Section IX, the welder validity shall be limited to thickness range of 0,9T to 2T where T
(thickness of test coupon) = < 15mm. Where the test coupon thickness is >15mm, the
qualified thickness is > 0,9T.
10.9.4. All welding and welder qualification together with NDT procedures and qualifications
shall be submitted to the PETROBRAS for approval prior to production starting.
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11. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – MARTENSITIC AND FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS
11.1. Base Metal
Martensitic and ferritic stainless steels of designations AISI/SAE and ASTM of P Number No. 6
and 7 complying with the material specifications of the design standard of the equipment.
11.2. Consumables
a) covered and bare electrodes and rods shall be in accordance with Table 5;
b) when heterogeneous welding is not permitted by the design or fabrication and assembly standard
of the equipment, it shall be specified as described below, considering covered electrode and
GTAW welding processes:
- cyclic operation temperature: specification AWS A5.11, ENiCrFe-2 (maximum temperature
= 820 °C) or ENiCrFe-3 (maximum temperature = 480 °C) and specification AWS A5.14,
ERNiCr-3;
- non-cyclic operating temperature: specification AWS A5.4, E309-15/16, and specification AWS
A5.9, ER309.
Table 5- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR MARTENSITIC AND FERRITIC STAINLESS

STEELS
Material
Type AWS AWS AWS
AWS Classification
Spec. Spec. Classification
E410-15/16
ER410 (see Note)
405, 410S A5.4 (see Note) A5.9
ER309
E309
410, CA-15 A5.4 E410-15/16 A5.9 ER410
430 A5.4 E430-15/16 A5.9 ER430
Note: Use consumables with a carbon content up to 0.05 %.
11.2.2. For GTAW welding, the gas used for protecting the weld root shall be argon or helium.
11.3.1. Slag removal, cleaning, and cutting tools shall be used only for those materials and shall
comply with the following conditions:
a) slag removal and cleaning tools shall be made of stainless steel or coated with that material;
b) cutting disks shall be made of aluminum oxide with nylon or fiberglass cores;
11.3.2. The surface of parts shall be protected against adherence of spatters and other welding
projections.
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in standard ASME Section IX) or, alternatively, covered with the consumable specified for
welding of the base metal in deposits of at least 2 layers.
11.3.4. In the case of heterogeneous welds with nickel alloys the cleaning requirements specified for
nickel alloys are applicable.
11.4.1. Parts shall be preheated according to the conditions indicated below:
a) designations 405, 410S, and 430, homogeneous weld: 100 °C;

b) designations 405, 410S, and 430, heterogeneous weld: without preheating;
c) designations 410, CA-15, and CA-15M, homogeneous weld: 200 °C;
d) designations 410, CA-15, and CA-15M, heterogeneous weld: 150 °C.
11.4.2. The interpass temperature shall not exceed the following conditions:
a) designations 405, 410S, and 430: 150 °C;

b) designations 410, CA-15, and CA-15M, homogeneous weld: 300 °C;
c) designations 410, CA-15, and CA-15M, heterogeneous weld: 200 °C.
11.5. Postheating
Postheating shall comply with the following conditions:
a) designations 405, 410S, and 430: postheating shall not be required;

b) designations 410, CA-15, and CA-15M, homogeneous weld: 300 °C, during a period of
1 min/mm of weld size, but equal to or longer than 1 hour;
c) designation 410, CA-15, and CA-15M, heterogeneous weld: postheating shall not be required.
11.6. Inspection
E

11.6.2. For heterogeneous welding with austenitic filler metal a liquid penetrant testing shall be
performed to the extent indicated in the equipment standard on the inside and outside of the
equipment when there is access and the visual test shall be performed 100 % on the root
pass.
11.6.3. The weld zones in stainless steels shall be visually examined on the inside (whenever
possible) and outside and fulfill the following criteria or alternatively evaluated as
acceptable in accordance with pictures shown in NORSOK M-601 – Welding and
Inspection of piping-Annex B: Acceptable oxidations of welds in stainless steels
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11.7. Weld Repairs
12. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – LOW-ALLOY NICKEL STEEL
12.1. Base Metal
Nickel steels with a nickel content up to 4 % complying with the material specification indicated by
the design standard of the equipment.
12.2. Consumables
a) electrodes and rods shall conform to Table 6 (on the condition that they had been tested, in
accordance with AWS/ASME Section II Specifications; AW- As-Welded or PWHT-Postweld
Heat Treated, as applicable for welding procedure qualification and production welds);
b) when heterogeneous welding is not forbidden by the design or fabrication and assembly standard
of the equipment, it shall be specified as described below, considering covered electrode and
GTAW welding processes:
- specification AWS A5.11, ENiCrFe-2 (maximum temperature = 820 °C), ENiCrFe-3
(maximum temperature = 480 °C) and specification AWS A5.14, ERNiCr-3;
- specification AWS A5.4, E309-15/16 and specification AWS A5.9, ER309.
Table 6- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR LOW-ALLOY NICKEL STEEL

Bare electrode and
Covered Electrode
Rod
AWS AWS
Material AWS Classification AWS Classification
Spec. Spec.
Alternative
Preferred Preferred
(see Note)
2.25 % Ni A5.5 E801X-C1 E701X-C1L A5.28 ER80S-Ni2
3.5 % Ni A5.5 E801X-C2 E701X-C2L A5.28 ER80S-Ni3
Note: It shall be previously approved by PETROBRAS.
12.2.2. For GTAW welding, the gas used for protection of the root of the weld shall be argon or
helium.
12.3.1. The oscillation of the electrode shall be such that the pass width does not exceed 3 times the
covered electrode’s core diameter.
12.3.2. When stainless steel and nickel alloy consumables are used, the following requirements shall
be met:
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a) the products used in the liquid penetrant testing shall be free from contaminants;
b) the oscillation of the electrode shall be such that the pass width does not exceed 3 times the
covered electrode’s core diameter;
c) additional care shall be taken for cleaning and preparation of the joint to be welded so as to avoid
the presence of contaminants.
12.3.3. When nickel alloy consumables are used, slag shall be completely removed during and after
welding.
12.4.1. Preheating of parts is not required.
12.4.2. The interpass temperature shall not exceed 150 °C.
12.5. Postheating
It shall not be required.
12.6. Inspection
E

12.7. Weld Repairs
13. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS
13.1. Base Metal
Commercially pure nickel and nickel alloys of designations Nickel 200 (N02200), Nickel 201
(N02201), Monel 400 (N0400), Inconel 600 (N06600), Inconel 625 (N06625), Incoloy 800
(N08800), Incoloy 800H (N08810), Incoloy 825 (N08825), and “Hastelloy B” (N10001), which
comply with the material specification indicated by the design standard of the equipment.
Note: The designations within parentheses correspond to the Unified Numbering System for
Metals and Alloys - SAE/ASTM.
13.2. Consumables
13.2.1. Consumables shall follow the conditions indicated in Table 7.
Table 7- ELECTRODES AND RODS FOR NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS

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13.2.1.1.1.1.
Material AWS AWS AWS Classification
WS Classification
Spec. Spec.
Preferred Alternative2) Preferred Alternative2)
Nickel
200 A5.1
A5.11 ENi-1 - ERNi-1 -
Nickel 4
201
A5.1
Monel 400 A5.11 ENiCu-7 - ERNiCu-7 -
4
Inconel A5.1 ERNiCrFe-
A5.11 EniCrFe-1 EniCrFe-35) ERNiCr-3
600 4 5
Inconel A5.1 ERNiCrMo ERNiCrMo-
A5.11 ENiCrMo-34) EniCrMo-4
625 4 -4 34)
Incoloy ENiCrFe-26) A5.1 ERNiCrFe- ERNiCrMo-
A5.11 ENiCrMo-34)
800 ENiCrFe-16) 4 6 34)
Incoloy 1) A5.1
- - ERNiMo-7 -
825 4
“Hastelloy A5.1
A5.11 ENiMo-1 - ERNiMo-1 -
B” 4
Incoloy EniCrCoMo- A5.1 ERNiCrFe- ERNiCrCoM
A5.11 ENiCrFe-26)
800H 1 3) 4 6 o-13)
Notes:
1) The covered electrode recommended is Inconel 135.
2) To be previously approved by PETROBRAS.
3) Limited to1.150 °C.
4) Limited to 540 °C.
13.2.2. For GTAW welding, the gas used for protection of the weld root shall be argon or helium.
13.3.1. Slag removal, cleaning, and cutting tools shall be used only for those materials and shall
comply with the following conditions:
b) cutting disks shall have a nylon or fiberglass core;
13.3.2. The surface of the parts shall be protected against adherence of spatters and other welding
projections.
in standard ASME Section IX) or covered with the consumable specified for welding of the
base metal in deposits of at least 2 layers.
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13.3.4. All slag shall be fully removed during and after welding. Surface irregularities of the weld
shall be ground off for every deposited layer.
13.3.5. Ni-Cu parts shall be cleaned with solvent, covering an area of 200 mm centered at the weld,
from the outside and inside and shall not be contaminated with substances containing sulfur,
lead or zinc.
13.3.6. Use of temperature stick for temperature control is not permitted.
13.3.7. The products used in the liquid penetrant testing shall be free from contaminants.
13.3.8. Welded parts and joints shall not be contaminated by residues of any kind resulting from
assembly and welding works.
13.3.9. The oscillation of the electrode shall be such that the pass width does not exceed 3 times the
covered electrode’s core diameter.
13.3.10. For nickel alloys, the heat input shall be limited to a maximum of 1,8 kJ/mm.
13.4.1. It shall not be required.
13.4.2. The interpass temperature shall not exceed 150 °C.
13.5. Postheating
13.6. Inspection
E

performed on the outside and inside of the weld when there is access. The visual test and
liquid penetrant testings shall be performed 100 % on the root pass.
13.6.3. The weld zones in nickel alloys shall be visually examined on the inside (whenever
possible) and outside and fulfill the following criteria:
13.7. Weld Repairs
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14. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
14.1. Base Metal
Commercially pure copper per standard ASTM B 111 alloy C10200 and copper alloys with the
designation Cu-Ni standard ASTM B 111 alloys C70600 and C70620 (90/10 Cu-Ni), complying
with the material specification indicated by the design standard of the equipment.
14.2. Consumables
14.2.1. Consumables shall follow the conditions indicated in Table 8.
14.2.2. For welding of 90/10 Cu-Ni, the weld metal shall be similar to the parent metal and shall
contain between 0.2 and 0.5% titanium for deoxidation purposes.
Table 8- RODS FOR COPPER AND COPPER-NICKEL ALLOYS

Alloy Material AWS Specification AWS Classification
C10200 A5.7 ERCu
C70600 / C70620 A5.7 ERCuNi
14.3.1. For welding of 90/10 Cu-Ni, the welding equipment shall have an arc initiation facility
together with a power “slope-in” and “slope-out” control to avoid crater cracking.
14.3.2. Slag removal, cleaning and cutting tools shall only be used for those materials and comply
with the following conditions:
a) slag removal and cleaning tools shall be made of stainless steel or covered with that material
only for welding of Cu-Ni;
b) cutting disks shall have a nylon or fiberglass core;
14.3.3. The surface of the parts shall be protected against adherence of spatters and other welding
projections.
14.3.4. All slag shall be fully removed during and after welding. Surface irregularities of the weld
shall be ground off for every deposited layer.
14.3.5. Cu-Ni parts to be welded covering an area of 200 mm, centered at the weld, from the inside
and outside, shall be cleaned with solvent and shall not be contaminated with substances
containing sulfur, lead, tin, zinc, and their respective compounds.
14.3.6. For Cu-Ni parts, the use of temperature stick for temperature control is not permitted.
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14.3.7. For Cu-Ni parts, the products used in the liquid penetrant testing shall be free from
contaminants.
14.3.8. Cu-Ni parts and welded joints shall not be contaminated by residues of any kind resulting
from assembly and welding works.
14.3.9. The use of bridge tacks is the preferred method of tacking.
14.5. Postheating
14.6. Inspection
E

14.7. Weld Repairs
15. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – WELD OVERLAY, CLAD PLATE WELDING

(RESTORATION) AND CLAD REPAIR
15.1. Base Metal
Plate or Clad Plate composed of a plate or base plate of carbon steel, carbon-manganese steel,
carbon-molybdenum steel or chromium-molybdenum steel and plate of austenitic, ferritic or
martensitic stainless steels or Monel, contained in this Specification and complying with the
material specification indicated by the design standard of the equipment.
15.2. Consumables
15.2.1. The consumable for welding the plate or base plate shall comply with the conditions
indicated in this Specification for the material under consideration.
15.2.2. The consumable for welding the overlay, clad plate welding and clad repair shall comply
with the following conditions:
a) Monel 400 coating plate: covered electrode of specification AWS A5.11, ENiCu-7;
b) Other materials: According to API RP582, Appendix B, item B.1.9.
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Note: For austenitic materials, in cases of sharp and frequent operating temperature fluctuations,
which may cause thermal fatigue after a short period of operation, covered electrodes of
specification AWS A 5.11, ENiCrFe-2 shall be used.
15.2.3. Low hydrogen covered electrodes and fluxes shall be dried and kept dry in accordance with
the requirements applicable to base plate and covering plate materials indicated in this
specification.
15.2.4. For the submerged arc welding process (SAW), alloy additions made from the flux shall
require prior approval by PETROBRAS.
15.3.1. Weld overlays shall be deposited with a minimum of two layers. Single-layer overlays shall
require the approval of PETROBRAS.
15.3.2. Slag removal, cleaning, and cutting tools shall comply with the following conditions:
b) cutting disks shall be made of aluminum oxide with a nylon core for stainless steel covering
plates;
c) cutting disks shall have a nylon or fiber glass core for Monel coating plates.
15.3.3. The surface of the covering plate shall be protected against adherence of spatters and other
welding projections.
15.3.4. The part of the auxiliary assembly device in contact with or welded to the covering plate
shall be made of material of the same P number as the plate (according to the classification
in standard ASME Section IX) or covered with the consumable specified for welding of the
covering plate in deposits of at least 2 layers.
15.3.5. Cutting with carbon electrodes is not allowed when welding the covering plate.
15.3.6. The covering plate shall be welded in at least 2 layers.
15.3.7. When the covering plate is Monel, the provisions for Nickel and Nickel Alloys of this
specification shall be applied.
15.3.8. When the covering plate is made of austenitic material, the provisions of this specification
for Austenitic Stainless Steels shall apply.
15.4.1. Preheating and the interpass temperature for welding of the plate and base plate shall
comply with the provisions in this Specification for the material under consideration.
15.4.2. Preheating for welding the covering plate shall comply with the following conditions:
a) carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel plate and base plate with a thickness equal to or greater
than 30 mm, only for the first covering layer: 100 °C;
b) carbon steel or carbon-manganese steel plate and base plate with a thickness smaller than
30 mm, for any layer: without preheating;
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c) plate and base plate of the other materials: indication required for this Standard for the
heterogeneous weld of the base plate material under consideration.
15.4.3. The interpass temperature for welding the covering plate shall not exceed:
a) for carbon steel and carbon manganese steel plates and base plates:
• first layer: 150 °C;
• other layers: 100 °C;
b) plate and base plate of other materials:

• first layer: indication required for this Standard for heterogeneous weld of the base plate
material under consideration;
• other layers: 100 °C.
15.5. Postheating
15.5.1. Postheating for the weld of the base plate shall comply with the provisions in this Standard
for the material under consideration.
15.5.2. Postheating for the weld of the covering plate is not required.
15.6. Inspection
E
15.6.2. Production weld overlay shall have the chemical composition checked using either:
A physical sample (e.g., drillings, chips) removed for quantitative analysis.
A portable spectrograph or portable X-ray fluorescence machine approved by
PETROBRAS.
15.6.2.1. All elements specified for the production overlay chemical composition shall be analyzed
and reported, except for carbon when using the X-ray fluorescence method. When carbon
is specified, a physical sample is required for quantitative analysis. Alternatively, an
optical emission spectrometer may be used to check all required elements, including
carbon.
15.6.3. Ferrite checks, when required by applicable code or by this technical specification, shall be
routinely done in production weld overlay claded region, before any PWHT.
15.6.4. The extend of chemical composition and ferrit checks shall be one analysis every each three
(3) square meters of claded area by claded equipment and at least one analysis per claded
equipment. By common agreement between PETROBRAS and CONTRACTOR other
sampling extent can be selected.
15.6.5. Hardness measurements, when required by the applicable code or by PETROBRAS´s

technical specifications, shall be routinely done in production weld overlay claded region.
15.6.5.1. At least one hardness measurement every each one (1) square meter of claded area by
claded equipment and at least one hardness measurement per claded equipment. By
common agreement between PETROBRAS and CONTRACTOR other sampling extent
can be selected.
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15.7. Weld Repairs
15.8.1. For weld overlay (not including Inconel 625 weld overlay): According to Annex O.
16. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – INCONEL 625 WELD OVERLAYS
16.1. Base Metal
16.1.1. This specification is intended as a stand alone instruction to suppliers of flanges, hubs,
valves, etc. and also to weld overlay claded equipments where Inconel 625 weld overlay is
specified as corrosion resistant overlay onto a less noble base material, generally carbon or
carbon-manganese steel.
16.2. Consumables
16.2.1. All welding consumables shall be acquired in accordance with AWS A5.01 schedule J,
which means that all classification tests called for in the AWS filler metal specification shall
be performed for each lot shipped.
16.3.1.1. All auxiliary equipment including grinders, wire brushes, gas lenses, ceramic nozzles etc.
that have been used on other than Inconel 625 shall be replaced by new items.
16.3.1.2. The weld preparation shall encompass a 50 mm wide band on both sides of the weld area.
This area shall be cleaned by grinding stainless steel wire brushing and solvent
degreasing to remove oxides, dirt, grease, paint or other contaminants.
16.3.2. Heat Input
Heat inputs used during production welding shall not exceed those qualified in the procedure.
16.4.1. Pre-heating is not permitted.
16.4.2. The interpass temperature shall be kept as low as possible, not exceeding 150 °C
16.4.3. Monitoring of the interpass temperature shall be carried out on a spot basis using calibrated
digital readout thermometers.
16.4.4. Production Welding
Cladding shall be carried out according to the approved cladding procedure and records shall be
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maintained for all procedures and actual parameters for each pass used. Thickness of cladding and
number of weld cladding passes shall be in accordance with the approved cladding procedure.
16.5. Post weld heat treatment (PWHT)
PWHT shall be avoided. When strictly necessary, it shall be limited to a maximum of 640ºC.
16.6. Inspection
E

16.6.2. Production weld overlay shall have the chemical composition checked using either:
A physical sample (e.g., drillings, chips) removed for quantitative analysis.
A portable spectrograph or portable X-ray fluorescence machine approved by
PETROBRAS.
16.6.2.1. All elements specified for the production overlay chemical composition shall be analyzed
and reported, except for carbon when using the X-ray fluorescence method. When carbon
is specified, a physical sample is required for quantitative analysis. Alternatively, an
optical emission spectrometer may be used to check all required elements, including
carbon.
16.6.3. The extend of chemical composition shall be one analysis every each three (3) square meters
of claded area by claded equipment and at least one analysis per claded equipment. By
common agreement between PETROBRAS and CONTRACTOR other sampling extent can
be selected.
16.6.4. Hardness measurements shall be routinely done in production weld overlay claded region.
16.6.4.1. At least one hardness measurement every each one (1) square meter of claded area by
claded equipment and at least one hardness measurement per claded equipment. By
common agreement between PETROBRAS and CONTRACTOR other sampling extent
can be selected.
16.6.5. Liquid Penetrant Testing
Liquid Penetrant Testing shall be performed on all surfaces which have been welded in clad plates,
after welding, and also after final machining and polishing.
Acceptance Criteria: As stated in the design code. In addition, no surface defects are permitted in
seal contact areas.
16.6.6. Hardness Testing
After final polishing, Brinell hardness tests shall be performed on the clad surface immediately
adjacent to but not on a sealing or bearing surface.
Acceptance Criteria: Minimum hardness shall be 200 HB.
16.7. Weld Repairs
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The CONTRACTOR shall qualify specific repair welding procedures for both deep penetration and
shallow repairs. The qualification shall be as stated herein for Welding Procedure Qualification.
These procedures shall simulate the situations of excavation/defect removal/groove inspection. The
repaired area shall be re-inspected. The extent of inspection for the remaining area of the welded
joint shall be subject to approval by the PETROBRAS.
16.8.1. For Inconel 625 weld overlay (only): According to Annex P.
17. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – DISSIMILAR WELDED JOINT
17.1. Base Metal
Base metals of the types contained in this Standard and that comply with the material specifications
indicated by the design standard of the equipment.
17.2. Consumables
17.2.1. Consumables shall fulfill the conditions indicated in TABLE 11.
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Carbon
and Carbon Chromium
Steel Steel
Material Carbon Molybdenum Molybdenum
2.5 Ni 3.5 Ni
Manganese Steel Steel
Steel
Carbon and Carbon
- C C C C
Manganese Steels
Carbon Molybdenum
C - A - -
Steel
Chromium
C A B - -
Molybdenum Steel
2.5 Ni Steel C - - - H
3.5 Ni Steel C - - H -
Austenitic Stainless
O F F G G
Steel
HK-40 - P F - -
405, 410S, and 430
E E E - -
stainless steels
410 stainless steel E E E - -
Nickel 200/201 L L - - -
Monel N N - - -
Inconel and Incoloy
D D1 D1 - -
800/825
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(cont.)
Austenitic Duplex Duplex Stainless steels
Stainless
Material Stainless type type 405, 410S, and
steel 410
Steel 22%Cr 25%Cr 430
Carbon and Carbon
0 Q Q E E
Manganese Steels
Carbon Molybdenum
P - - E E
Steel
Chromium
F - - E E
Molybdenum Steel
2.5 Ni Steel G - - - -
3.5 Ni Steel G - - -
H R R E E
Steel
HK-40 I - - - -
405, 410S, and 430
E - - H J
stainless steels
410 stainless steel E - - J -
Nickel 200/201 M - - M M
Monel D - - D2 D2
Inconel and Incoloy
D - - D2 D2
800/825
NOTES:
By Duplex type 22%Cr means UNS S31803,
By Duplex type 25%Cr means UNS S 32750 or 32760.
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(cont.)
Material HK.40 Nickel 200/201 Monel Inconel and Incoloy 800/825
Carbon and Carbon
- L N D
Manganese Steels
Carbon Molybdenum
- L N D1
Steel
Chromium
F - - D1
Molybdenum Steel
2.5 Ni Steel - - - -
3.5 Ni Steel - - - -
I M D D
Steel
HK-40 - - - D
405, 410S, and 430
- M D2 D2
stainless steels
410 stainless steel - M D2 D2
200/201 Nickel - - H M
Monel - H - D
Inconel and Incoloy
D M D -
800/825
Where:
A - Consumable as indicated for carbon molybdenum steel. Preheating, interpass temperature, and
postheating as indicated for chromium molybdenum steel;
B - Consumable as indicated for chromium-molybdenum steel with the lowest chromium content.
Preheating, interpass temperature and postheating for chromium molybdenum steel with the highest
chromium content;
C - Consumable as indicated for carbon steel (basic electrode). Preheating, interpass temperature
and postheating as indicated for alloy steel;
D - As indicated for nickel alloys, the consumable being specification AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-2,
ENiCrFe-3 and AWS A5.14, ERNiCr-3;
D1 - As indicated for heterogeneous weld of chromium-molybdenum steel. Consumable of
specification AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3 and AWS A5.14, ERNiCr-3;
D2 - As indicated for heterogeneous weld of martensitic and semiferritic stainless steel.
Consumable of specifications AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3 and AWS A5.14, ERNiCr-3;
E - As indicated for heterogeneous weld of martensitic and ferritic stainless steels;
F - As indicated for heterogeneous weld of chromium-molybdenum steel;
G - As indicated for heterogeneous weld of nickel steel;
H - As indicated for any of the 2 base metals;
I - As indicated for stainless steel of higher carbon content;
J - As indicated for 410 stainless steel;
L - As indicated for Nickel 201;
M - As indicated for Nickel 200 or 201, allowing as well consumables of specifications: AWS
A5.11, ENiCrFe-2, ENiCrFe-3 and AWS A5.14, ERNiCr-3;
N - As indicated for Monel;
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O - Consumable as indicated for heterogeneous weld of chromium molybdenum steel. Preheating,

interpass temperature and postheating as indicated for stainless steel;
P - As indicated for heterogeneous weld of carbon molybdenum steel;
Q- For joining any Duplex Stainless Steel to carbon steel use as filler metal E309LMo. Preheating,
interpass temperature and postheating as indicated for DUPLEX stainless steel;
R- For joining any Duplex Stainless Steel to AISI 316 stainless steel two options are possible: (a)
using as filler metal E309LMo or using E2209 as filler metal. The last option shall be used when
the aim is a weld joint as strong as the duplex base metal. Preheating, interpass temperature and
postheating as indicated for DUPLEX stainless steel;
The requirements of this Standard applicable to each of the base metals comprising the dissimilar
joint shall be followed, with due observance of the physical and chemical properties of the material.
Preheating and the interpass temperature shall comply with the conditions indicated in TABLE 11.
17.5. Postheating
Postheating shall comply with the conditions indicated in TABLE 11.
17.6. Inspection
The requirements of this Technical Specification applicable to each of the base metals comprising
the dissimilar joint shall be followed, with due observance of the physical and chemical properties
of the material.
17.7. Weld Repairs
17.8.1. For Dissimilar metal weld between DUPLEX and carbon steels: According to Annex N.
18. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – TITANIUM

18.1. Base Metal
This item is intended to be used as a guide for Titanium piping fabrication, inspection, and testing.
Titanium reacts readily with air, moisture, grease, dirt, refractories, and most other metals to form
brittle compounds. Titanium has an extreme affinity for even small amounts of hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen at welding temperatures. Hot titanium will readily absorb oxygen and nitrogen from
the atmosphere. Accordingly Titanium must be shielded from the normal atmosphere prior to,
during, and after the welding process by blanketing the complete weld zone including the room
weld and underside, with an inert atmosphere. Reaction of titanium with gases and fluxes makes
common welding processes such as gas welding, shielded metal arc, flux cored arc, and submerged
arc welding unsuitable.
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18.2. Consumables
Thoriated tungsten (or PETROBRAS approved equal) electrodes shall be used for the tungsten arc
process. The electrode size is to be based on the smallest diameter which can carry out the required
current for the relevant welded joint.
Caution: Thoriated tungsten electrodes contain thorium, a low radioactive material. During the
grinding of the electrodes, radioactive dust is created, affecting the potential hazard of internal
radiation exposure by inhalation or ingestion unless care is taken to control the dust.
Filler material for welding titanium grade 2 shall be according to ASME Section II, Part C, SFA
5.16 and classification ERTi - 1 or ERTi – 2, or equivalent.
To achieve sound welds with titanium, primary emphasis is placed on surface cleanliness and the
correct use of inert gas shielding. A separate area, specifically set aside for the welding of titanium,
aids in making quality welds. This area should be kept dry, clean and should be isolated from dirt-
producing operations such as grinding, torch cutting and painting. In addition, the welding area
should be free of other ferrous materials, air drafts and humidity should be controlled.
The bores of the pipes shall be matched by selection. The edges of the parts to be joined shall be
prepared to the shape and dimensions previously qualified and shall be uniform and smooth and
cleaned to bright metal. All burn marks produced by grinding or mechanical filing should be
removed by filing. Likewise, burrs and sharp edges should be removed with a sharp file.
The use of sandpaper or steel wool is not permitted since it leaves particles behind, a source of
contamination.
All scale, slag, oxide or any other foreign material shall be removed from the weld metal contact
area and the adjacent surfaces to be cleaned of all foreign matter such as oil, grease paint, etc., for a
distance of not less than 100 mm from the edges of the weld preparation.
If the material is in a scale free condition, it will be necessary only to clean the surfaces by wire
brushing the joint areas with a stainless steel brush or with a non-chlorinated solvent such as
alcohol, acetone, or toluene using clean lint-free cloths or cellulose sponges. The solvent shall leave
no residue. Chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene and methanol should be avoided. Once
the surfaces are cleaned, they should be kept entirely free of fingerprints by the use of clean linen
gloves.
The need for severe cleaning techniques (e.g. acid pickling) is an indication of sub-standard
material and must not be used without prior approval of the PETROBRAS. If there is major
evidence of scale, slag, or oxide, which is evidently of original titanium production origin, the
material is to be rejected.
The cleaned and prepared joint areas shall be welded with the minimum of delay and within the
same working period or shift. If an appreciable delay is inevitable, then the cleaned area shall be
suitably covered to prevent contamination.
18.3. Welding Processes
The techniques and equipment used in welding titanium are similar to those required for other high-
performance materials, such as stainless steels or nickel-base alloys. Titanium, however, demands
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greater attention to cleanliness and to the use of auxiliary inert gas shielding than these materials.
All welds shall be made by gas tungsten-arc welding process (GTAW / GTAW). No other welding
process shall be permitted. Care should be exercised to prevent contact of the tungsten electrode
with the molten puddle, thereby preventing tungsten pickup.
A conventional power supply, connected DC straight polarity, is recommended for GTAW welding
of titanium. Pre and post weld gas purging shall be incorporated, preferably controlled by timing
devices. Alternatively the gas flow shall be left on continuously.
18.3.1. Gases for Shielding and Purging
Shielding and back shielding gas for welding of titanium and its alloys shall be argon, helium or a
mixture of the two, and shall be maintained until the weld and base material is below 400 °C.
A minimum gas preflow of 6x (six times) the volume of air being purged shall be used with the
subsequent maintenance of a slight measured positive pressure.
If the shielding gas is supplied from cylinders, the cylinder shall be charged when the pressure
drops to about 25 bars.
The welding shall be performed at a temperature of 15°C minimum.

If it is necessary to warm the materials for any reason before welding, this must be done using hot
air. No flames or torches shall be used for preheating purposes.
18.4.1. Production Welding
The technique, consumables, joint geometry, etc. shall be in accordance with the procedure
previously qualified. The manner of depositing the weld metal shall be such as to ensure complete
fusion and full penetration where applicable with no undercutting on the sidewalls of the welding
groove and that individual beads of deposited weld metal are not excessively convex. When
welding has stopped for any reason, care should be taken in restarting to ensure that the required
penetration and fusion are obtained and that the weld is not contaminated.
It is essential that the root of the weld and adjacent heat affected zones are free of any
contamination and that they remain clean during the entire welding operation.
A minimum gas preflow of 6x (six times) the volume of air being purged shall be used with the
subsequent maintenance of a slight measured positive pressure. The inert gas shielding shall not be
removed until the weld area has cooled to below 300°C. Each weld pass, root area, and underbead
of the finished weld shall be visually examined.
If the shielding gas is supplied from cylinders, the cylinder shall be charged when the pressure
drops to about 25 bars.
Prior to cleaning, each weld bead shall be visually examined for evidence of unsatisfactory
shielding. Further visual testing shall also be carried out after thorough cleaning. Any cracks,
porosity or other unacceptable defects, which appear on the surface of any bead shall be removed
before depositing the following bead. In particular, any cracked tack welds must be completely
removed; no attempt shall be made to incorporate them into the finished welds. Any section of
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titanium pipe work that receives a ferrous arc strike must be cutout and replaced.
18.5. Inspection
E
18.5.2. All butt welds shall be examined by PT, and RT or UT as approved by the PETROBRAS.
18.5.3. Socket welds shall be subjected to 100% PT.
18.5.4. Hardness Testing
The PETROBRAS reserves the option to require production hardness tests.
18.6. Weld Repairs
Repair welding shall not be permitted. Weld containing unacceptable defects shall be completely
cut out.
18.7.1. For TITANIUM and TITANIUM alloys: According to Annex Q.
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ANNEX A
(MANDATORY)
A INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE PRODUCTION TESTING

PLAN (PTP)
The production testing plan shall be elaborated as described below and approved before the
welding. It shall contain at least:
A.1 List of the production tests to be executed, in a table form, enrolling:
- welding procedures;
- length of the weld foreseen for each welding procedure;
- phase of fabrication, construction or assembly of the equipment in which each piece shall be
welded;
A.2 List of test pieces to be welded, elaborated with:
- identification code of the test piece;
- welding procedure specification code;
- welding processes;
- specification of base metal, diameter (if applicable), and thickness of each member of joint;
- type of joint;
- type of groove;
- welding position;
A.3 Non-destructive testing plan, elaborated in a table form, listing the test pieces and the non-
destructive testing applicable before and after welding and the heat treatment (when required);
A.4 Mechanical and macrographic testing plan, containing:
- drawings of test pieces, indicating rolling direction and the location of the test specimens with
their respective identifications;
- table listing test specimens, mechanical tests to be performed, and standards applicable to the
execution of the tests, the preparation of test specimens, and acceptance criteria;
A.5 Corrosion testing plan, when required, containing:
- drawings of test pieces, indicating rolling direction and the location of the test specimens with
their respective identifications;
- table listing test specimens, corrosion tests to be performed, and standards applicable to the
execution of the tests, the preparation of test specimens, and acceptance criteria;
A.6 Heat input control, when applicable (e.g.: for high strength steel/ high hardness, toughness
control, grain size control).
A.7 Name of independent third party who will perform or witness production tests, if applicable.
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ANNEX B
(MANDATORY)
B INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE PRODUCTION TESTING

RECORDS (PTR)
B.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
B.1.1 Whenever applicable, the following documents shall be annexed to the PTR:
a) welding reports;
b) heat treatment reports, elaborated in accordance with ANNEX G of this Technical Specification;
c) reports of non-destructive testing results, elaborated in accordance with applicable standards;
d) mechanical and macrographic testing plan, elaborated in accordance with this Technical
Specification;
e) reports on mechanical and metallographic test results, elaborated in accordance with items B.2.2
through B.2.7 hereto;
f) corrosion testing plan, elaborated in accordance with this Technical Specification;
g) reports on corrosion test results, elaborated in accordance with items B.2.2 through B.2.7 hereto;
B.2 SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
B.2.1 The PTR shall contain, at least, the following information:
a) identification of the welding procedure;
b) identification of the production test;
c) list of annexed documents and the their identifications;
d) identification of applicable qualification standards and of equipment fabrication or assembly
standards;
e) welding report, report of the production test coupon including: sketch of sequence of passes,
amperage, voltage, speed, diameter of the electrode and heat input, when applicable.
B.2.2 The reports on tension test results shall contain at least the following information:
a) entity responsible for the test;
b) identification of testing standard;
c) identification (serial number) of test machine;
d) identification, date of issue and name of the entity that issued the calibration certificate for the
test machine;
e) identification of the standard for preparation of test specimens;
f) identification of test piece and specimens;
g) type and dimension of test specimens;
h) identification of standard for evaluation of results;
i) location of fracture;
j) specified and measured yield strength;
k) elongation (when applicable);
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l) final report.
B.2.3 The reports on the bend test results shall contain at least the following information:
c) type of test;
d) diameter of plunger and distance between the support rollers on the test device;
e) identification of the standard for preparation of test specimens;
f) identification of the test piece and specimens;
g) type and dimensions of test specimens;
i) bending angle;
j) identification and dimensions of detected discontinuities;
k) final report.
B.2.4 The reports on the impact test results shall contain at least the following information:
c) identification (serial number) of the test machine and thermometer used;
d) identification of the profile projector used;
e) identification, date of issue, and name of the entity that issued the calibration
report for the test machine and thermometer used;
f) test temperature;
g) identification of the standard for preparation of test specimens;
h) identification of the test piece and specimens;
i) type and dimensions of test specimens;
j) orientation of test specimen in relation to rolling direction, when applicable;
k) location of notch;
l) identification of standard for evaluation of results;
m) absorbed energy and/or lateral expansion and/or percentage of fragile fracture
(individual and average), whichever is applicable, with specified and obtained
values;
n) final report.
B.2.5 The reports on macrographic test results shall contain at least the following information:
b) identification of standard for preparation of test specimens;
c) identification of the test piece and specimens;
d) macrophotograph of test specimens, indicating magnification used;
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e) etchant used;
f) identification of standard for evaluation of results;
g) sizing of the reinforcement of the fillet weld legs and the effective and real throats;
h) magnification used for visual inspection;
i) identification and dimensions of detected discontinuities;
j) final report.
B.2.6 The reports on corrosion test results shall contain at least the following information:
b) identification of standard for preparation of test specimens;
c) identification of the test piece and specimens;
d) identification of standard for evaluation of results;
e) final report.
B.2.7 The reports on hardness test results shall contain at least the following information:
b) identification of testing standard and type of hardness;
c) identification (serial number) of test machine and standard sample used to calibrate the machine;
d) identification, date of issue, and name of entity that issued the calibration report for the test
machine and for the standard sample used;
e) identification of test piece and specimens;
f) sketch of test specimen with indication of different weld zones and location of spots of hardness
profile;
g) specified and measured hardness values;
i) final report.
B.2.8 The reports on the nick-break test results shall contain at least the following information:
c) identification of standard for preparation of test specimens;
d) identification of the test piece and specimens;
e) dimensions of the test specimens;
f) identification of standard for evaluation of results;
g) identification and dimensions of detected discontinuities;
h) final report.
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ANNEX C
(INFORMATIVE-NONMANDATORY)
C - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE WELDING PROCEDURE

AND TESTING SCHEDULE (WPTS)
C.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
C.1.1 Welding parameters in the WPTS shall be based on the values specified in the qualified
welding procedure and on the tolerances permitted in applicable qualification standards.
C.1.2 The WPTS shall be detailed for each joint to be welded. However, when the quantity of
weldments is so high that individualization is impracticable or unsuitable, identical joints
may be grouped. In any case, the individual joint shall be traceable to its applicable welding
procedure.
C.2 SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
The WPTS shall contain at least, described in items C.2.1 to C.2.3.
C.2.1 Number of drawing and identification of the equipment, piping and structure to be welded,
indicating location of joints to be welded.
C.2.2 Individual identification of joint or group of joints to be welded, as described in item C.1.2.
C.2.3 Specific information on welding execution and inspection for joint or group of joints, that is:
a) identification of welding procedure (WPS/PQR);
b) joint design and symbols for welding in accordance with standard AWS A2.4;
c) specification of base metal, diameter (if applicable), and thickness of each member of joint;
d) sketch of sequence for fillet weld when leak test is required;
e) welding parameters, cited for each weld pass, that is:
- welding process;
- classification, trademark, and diameter of welding electrodes, wires, or rods;
- type and intensity of current;
- speed (if applicable) voltage and polarity;
- classification and trademark of fluxes (if applicable);
- type and flow rate of purge and shielding gases (if applicable);
- deposition technique (if applicable) stringer or weave bead and indication of minimum or
maximum value for width of pass;
- position and progression of welding (if applicable);
f) initial and interpass cleaning method;
g) gouging technique (if applicable);
h) pre-heating temperature and technique of application;
i) interpass temperature;
j) post-heating time and temperature and technique of application (if applicable);
k) indication of whether or not postweld heat treatment is required and
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l) identification of execution procedure (if applicable);

m) instruction regarding waiting period before non-destructive tests;
n) type and extension of non-destructive and other applicable tests, as well as the definition of hold
points (before or after the root pass, at each layer, before or after postweld heat treatment);
o) reference standard, including the fabrication standard and the standard to acceptance criteria with
the applicable item;
p) process data as: kind of fluid, pressure class and temperature (if applicable).
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ANNEX D
D - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE LIST OF QUALIFIED

WELDERS AND WELDING OPERATORS (LCW)
D.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
D.1.1 LCW shall be issued for each applicable qualification standard.
D.1.2 Each certification of a certain welder or welding operator shall be transcribed separately on
the LCW.
D.2 SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
The LCW shall contain at least:
a) identification of the qualification standard;
b) name and identification code (stamp) of the certified welder or welding operator;
c) number of the welder or welding operator certificate;
d) all applicable welding essential variables with qualified ranges;
e) WPS used for welder qualification.
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ANNEX E
E - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE WELDER AND WELDING

OPERATOR PERFORMANCE CONTROL REPORT (WPCR)
E.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
E.1.1 A WPCR shall be issued at time intervals that comply with the criteria in equipment design
or fabrication and assembly standards or in contract documents.
E.1.2 Two separate control sheets shall be drawn up, one for radiographs and another for ultra-
sound.
G-2 SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
The WPCR shall contain at least:
a) welder or welding operator identification code;
b) total number or radiographs taken or total length inspected during a certain period, as
applicable;
c) total number of failed radiographs or sum of flawed lengths during a certain period, as
applicable;
d) percentage of flaws, calculated by dividing the figure cited in paragraph c) supra by the
figure cited in paragraph b) and then multiplying by 100 (one hundred);
e) accumulated amounts for paragraphs b), c), and d) supra, through the date of issue of the
WPCR;
f) accumulated amount for paragraph d) in the previous WPCR.
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ANNEX F
F - INSTRUCTIONS FOR ELABORATION OF THE WELDING REPORTS (WRR)

F.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
The WRR is applicable to the welding of test pieces, as required in Chapter B.1.1 paragraph a) of
ANNEX B of the present Standard, and in the fabrication, assembly, and maintenance of
equipment, piping and any other metallic materials, when required under items 5.1.4 and 5.4 of the
present Standard.
F.2 SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
The WRR shall contain at least the following information:
a) identification of equipment, piping and any other metallic materials;
b) identification of joint;
c) weld repair number, if applicable;
d) identification of welding procedure;
e) specification of base metal, batch, diameter (if applicable), and thickness of each member of
the joint;
f) identification of the welding execution and inspection instruction, if applicable;
g) identification (serial number) of ammeter, voltmeter, and termometer;
h) identification, date of issue, and name of the entity issuing the calibration certificate for the
ammeter, voltmeter, and termometer;
i) name and stamp of welders and/or welding operators executing welding;
j) all information specified in the corresponding welding procedure, with the values effectively
used during welding itself, cited according to joint build-up sequence.
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ANNEX G
G - INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE POSTWELD HEAT

TREATMENT REPORTS (PWHTR)
G.1 GENERAL CONDITIONS
The PWHTR is applicable to the recording of postweld heat treatments of test pieces, as required in
Chapter B.1.1 paragraph b) of ANNEX B of this Technical Specification, and in the fabrication,
assembly, and maintenance of equipment, piping and any other metallic materials, when required
under items 5.1.4 and 5.4 of this Technical Specification.
G.2 SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
The RRTT shall contain at least the following information:
a) type of postweld heat treatment executed;
b) identification of applicable heat treatment procedure;
c) identification of applicable execution standard;
d) execution parameters, that is:
- initial and final control temperatures;
- minimum and maximum heating rates;
- minimum and maximum treatment temperatures;
- minimum and maximum treatment times;
- minimum and maximum cooling rates;
- maximum temperature difference between thermocouples;
e) identification of equipment or test piece;
f) identification (serial number) of temperature recorder used;
g) identification, date of issue, and name of the entity issuing calibration report for the temperature
recorder and thermocouples used;
h) indication of execution method, that is:
- furnace heat treatment;
- local heat treatment;
i) indication of means of heating used;
j) sketch of furnace (if applicable), indicating location of equipment inside, of jet burners, and of
electrical equipment inside, of jet burners, and of electrical resistances as well as the overlap
regions whenever the equipment is not fully inside the furnace;
k) sketch of the welding joint, indicating location and distribution of electrical resistances and width
of the soak band, whenever local heat treatment is performed;
l) type, quantity, and identification (number and color on graph) of thermocouples used;
m) method for attaching thermocouples to part;
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n) sketch of equipment or test piece, indicating identification, location, and relative distance
between thermocouples;
o) record of test piece temperature versus time (time x temperature graph), with identification of
thermocouples used;
p) final technical statement, concluding whether the heat treatment was executed in accordance with
the applicable procedure and standards.
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ANNEX H
(MANDATORY)
H – PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION

H.1. SCOPE
H.1.1. This ANNEX establishes required conditions for WELDING INSPECTION
Qualification and Certification, used at fabrication and assembly of equipment, piping
and structures, according to the contractual scope.
H.1.2. For services in Brazil, ABNT standards apply. For services abroad the ISO, EN or other
international standards applies. See ANNEX I and item H.3 for more information.
Note: ANNEX I (Informative) – “Procedure and Personnel Qualification and Certification

Abroad – Guidelines” was issued to provide guidelines to apply this Technical Specification for
fabrication and assembly abroad, regarding procedure and personnel qualification and
certification requirements.
H.1.3. It is implicit in this technical specification that all contractors or suppliers have an ISO
9001 certification.
H.2. DOCUMENTS AND STANDARDS
H.2.1. Non-destructive testing shall be performed in accordance with the following documents
and standards:
H.2.2. When not specified, use the latest standard edition at the time of receiving this
technical specification.
H.2.2.1. Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT):
Notes:
a) ABNT is the official Brazilian representative of International Organization of Standards
(ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
b) ABN NBR ISO means that this standard is a translation from English to Portuguese of an
ISO standard, without any amendments, suppressions or alterations.
ABNT NBR ISO 9001: 2000 – “Sistemas de gestão da qualidade – Requisitos” (Quality
management systems – Requirements)
ABNT NBR ISO 9712:2004 – “Ensaios não destrutivos – Qualificação e certificação de

pessoal” (Non-destructive testing – Personnel qualification and certification)
ABNT NBR 14842:2003 – “Critérios para a qualificação e certificação de inspetores de

soldagem” (Criteria for welding inspector qualification and certification)
ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17024:2004 – “Avaliação de conformidade – Requisitos gerais para

organismos que realizam certificação de pessoas” (Conformity assessment – General
requirements for bodies operating certification of persons)
H.2.2.2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):
ASME B31.1 – Power piping
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ASME B31.3 – Process piping
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sec. VIII Div.1 – Rules for construction of
pressure vessels
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sec. VIII Div.2 – Rules for construction of
pressure vessels-Alternative rules
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section IX – Welding and brazing qualifications
H.2.2.3. European Standards (EN)
Note: European Standards (EN) are documents that have been ratified by one of the 3 European
Standards Organizations, CEN, CENELEC or ETSI.
EN 473 – Qualification and certification of non-destructive testing personnel – general

principles;
EN 45013 – General criteria for certification bodies operating certification of personnel;

H.2.2.4. International Organization of Standards (ISO).
ISO 9001 - Quality management systems —Requirements.
ISO 9712 – Non-destructive testing - Qualification and certification of personnel;
ISO/IEC 17024 – Conformity assessment – General requirements for bodies operating

certification of persons
H.3. REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
H.3.1. In addition to requirement 6.2.2 (Competence, consciousness and training) of NBR ISO
9001:2000 or ISO 9001:2000:
H.3.1.1. The CONTRACTOR shall meet the personnel qualification and certification
requirements presented below:
a) Welding inspectors – in order to perform welding inspection in Brazil, qualification and
certification shall be by the Brazilian System of Welding Inspector Qualification and
Certification (FBTS), according to standard NBR 14842. For services rendered abroad,
qualification and certification shall be according to that established above or by
independent international entities that meet requirements in standards EN 45013 or
ISO/IEC 17024, and for level 2 inspectors, in the main applicable standard as well,
whereas in this case PETROBRAS’ previous approval is required.
H.3.1.2. Regarding qualification of welders and welding operators, the CONTRACTOR shall
meet the following directives:
a) Welders and welding operators shall be qualified by a level 2 welding inspector,
according to the equipment’s project standard. If the qualification standard of these
professionals is not foreseen in the specifications, standard ASME Section IX shall be
used for this purpose. Tackers are not allowed to be used, even when qualified according
to technical standards;
b) Welders or welding operators who are have been performing welding activities without
interruption for over three months, and were qualified for other jobs at PETROBRAS, can
be used, so long as they present qualification records, accompanied by their respective
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individual certificates (original documents), properly approved by a qualified welding

inspector and endorsed by PETROBRAS Inspection of previous jobs;
c) Welders or welding operators who have not performed welding for three or more months,
or who have not had their welds tested by radiography or ultrasonic, must undergo
retraining and re-qualification.
H.3.1.3. The CONTRACTOR shall present to PETROBRAS Inspection, before beginning of
activities, the list of operators and inspectors qualified to perform and inspect the
services.
H.3.1.4. Welders and welding operators who present a biweekly repair rate above the following
established values, shall be retrained and re-qualified:
- 2.5% (two point five percent) or 75 (seventy-five) mm in 3 (three) meters of tested welds,
when the rate is calculated by defect length; or
- 10% (ten percent) or 2 (two) radiographies for every 20 (twenty) radiographies examined
sequentially, when the rate is calculated by number of radiographies.
H.4. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION
H.4.1. In addition to item 7.5.1 (Production control and service supply) of NBR ISO 9001:2000
or ISO 9001:2000:
H.4.1.1. Welding procedures shall be qualified and certified before the beginning of activities,
according to the following specifications:
a) By a level 2 welding inspector, qualified and certified in the main standard applicable.
Qualification and certification shall be by the Brazilian System of Welding Personnel
Qualification and Certification – FBTS, according to standard ABNT NBR 14842, or;
b) Welding services rendered abroad by qualified and certified welding inspectors, shall be also
in the main applicable standard by independent international entities that meet requirements in
standards EN 45013 or ISO/IEC 17024, whereas in this case PETROBRAS’ previous
approval is required.
NOTES:
a) When welding consumables certified by FBTS are used, the trademark of the consumable
being an essential variable in the qualified procedures;
b) For boilers and their piping, level 2 inspectors shall be qualified and certified in standards
ASME B31.1 and ASME VIII Div.1 or ASME B31.1 and ASME VIII Div.2.
H.5. REQUIREMENTS FOR INSPECTION PROCESS MONITORING
H.5.1. The CONTRACTOR, in order to monitor inspection processes, shall use its own
professionals, obeying the conditions below. Monitoring activities shall be planned and
shall be in the Quality Plan specific for the contract, or in the work instructions, methods
and procedures referenced in it.
H.5.1.1. For Welding Inspection
a) level 2 inspector, to work in the general supervision of welding inspection services;
b) level 1 inspector, to work under the previous professional’s coordination, assisting him at
supervising welding inspection activities.
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NOTES:
a) professionals mentioned in items (a) and (c) can work in more than one place where
services are being rendered;
b) professionals mentioned in items (b) and (d) shall reside where the services are being
rendered.
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ANNEX I
I. PROCEDURE AND PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
ABROAD – GUIDELINES
(Informative- Nonmandatory)
I.1. OBJECTIVE
This annex intends to issue guidelines to apply the Technical Specification (Contractual
Requirement), for fabrication and assembly abroad, regarding procedure and personnel
qualification and certification requirements.
I.2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

I.2.1. See annex H of this Technical Specification
I.2.2. ABNT (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards)
See annex H of this Technical Specification

I.2.3. International Standards
See annex H of this Technical Specification and also:
API 1104:2005 + ADD2007– Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
ASNT SNT-TC-1A – Recommended Practice no. SNT-TC-1A – Personnel Qualification and

Certification in Nondestructive Testing
AWS QC-1:2007 – Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors, edition 2007,
American Welding Society.
AWS B5.1:2003 – Specification for the Qualification of Welding Inspectors, edition 2003,
American Welding Society.
BGAS/ER1-2003- BRITISH GAS Approval Scheme (BGAS) – Examination Requirements
CSWIP-WI-6-92:2000+ AD2002 – Requirements for the Certification of Visual Welding

Inspectors, Welding Inspectors and Senior Welding Inspectors (fusion welding).
CSA W178.2-01:2001 (2006) – Certification of Welding Inspectors, Canadian Standards

Association.
EN 473:2000 – Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel – General

Principles;
IRAM-IAS-U500-169:2005 – Soldadura, Calificación y Certificación de inspectores
IAB-002-2000/EWF-409/SV-02:2004 - Minimum Requirements for the Education, Training,

Examination, and Qualification of Personnel - International Welding Engineer (IWE)
I.3. GUIDELINES
I.3.1. GUIDELINES FOR PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION
I.3.1.1. For compliance with Technical Specification, item H.3.1.1 (b) - Welding Inspection
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TABLE I.1- Existing situations for Welding Inspection:
EN
AWS IRAM –
Accredited 45013/ ABNT
QC1/ CSWIP CSA IAS
Country Certificati ISO NBR Note
AWS WI-62 W178.2 U500-
on Entity 17024 14842
B5.1 169
(Note 1)
Brazil FBTS Comply Comply No No No No
Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not
Canada CWB Yes Note 2
comply comply comply comply comply
USA and
Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not
other AWS Comply Note 2
comply comply comply comply comply
countries
England
CSWIP Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not
and other Comply Note 2
(TWI) comply comply comply comply comply
countries
IRAM Do not Do not Do not Do not Do not
Argentina Comply Note 3
(IAS) comply comply comply comply comply
Note 1 – EN 45013/ ISO 17024 standards just specify the general requirements for bodies
operating certification of persons (quality management requirements and administrative
requirements). They do not state the technical requirements for qualification and certification.
These are detailed in other technical standards such as ISO 9712 and EN 473. So, the compliance
with EN 45013/ ISO 17024 is not sufficient for the acceptance of a qualification/certification
system.
Note 2 – We indicate below, an approximate correlation among qualifications of the diverse

systems. The exact activities that each inspector can perform are only those detailed in the
respective qualification standards.
Note 3 – In Argentina, IRAM has an agreement with the IAS-Instituto Argentino de Siderurgia
to the operation of this IAS according to the IRAM-IAS-U500-169 standard. The system do not
comply with ISO 17024 standard yet . Observe that IRAM-IAS-U500-169 standard admits Level
I welding inspector qualification by means of a self-certification system, through Level III
welding inspectors certified by the Accredited Certification Entity, which is not acceptable.
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Table I.2 Acceptable situations for Welding Inspection, and Correlation Table:
Certification Levels -Equivalent Levels Correlation

Table
(Note 5)
Country/ Inspetor de Inspetor de
Standard Inspetor Visual
Entity Soldagem Nível Soldagem Nível
de Solda (Visual
1 (Welding 2 (Welding
Welding
Inspector Level Inspector Level
Inspector)
1) 2)
IS-N1 IS-N2
Brazil /FBTS EV-N2-S
Inspetor de Inspetor de
(ABENDE for NBR 14842 Inspetor Visual de
Soldagem Nível Soldagem Nível
EV-N2-S) Solda
1 2
WI-L2 WI-L3
WI-L1
CSA W178.2- Welding Welding
Canada/CWB Welding Inspector
01 Inspector Level Inspector Level
Level 1
2 3
CAWI or AWI CWI or WI SCWI or SWI
AWS QC1 Certified Certified Senior Certified
USA /AWS
AWS B5.1 Associate Welding Welding Welding
Inspector Inspector Inspector
England/ CSWIP-WI-6- Visual Welding Welding Senior Welding
CSWIP (TWI) 92 Inspector Inspector Inspector
Inspector de Inspector de
Argentina/ IRAM-IAS
(Note 3) Soldadura Nivel Soldadura Nivel
IRAM (IAS) U500-169
II III
Other
(Note 4) (Note 4) (Note 4) (Note 4)
countries
Note 4 – CSWIP (TWI), England, has qualification examination centers or applies exams in
other countries. The issued certificates are widely recognized in USA, Europe, and other regions
and are acceptable taking in consideration the equivalent level correlation.
Note 5 – Although the qualification performed by some certification boards, except FBTS and
ABENDE, both in Brazil, is not strictly in accordance with the EN 45013/ ISO 17024 standard,
we consider the qualification as acceptable within the approximate correlation below. The exact
activities that each inspector can perform are only those detailed in the respective qualification
standards.
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ANNEX J
(MANDATORY)
J – HARDNESS TESTING REQUIREMENTS AND METHODS

J.1 During welding procedure qualification.
J.1.1 The welding procedure qualification shall be hardness tested in accordance with ASTM E
92 using a 10 kgf load. The procedure qualification test shall meet the requirements (e.g.,
PWHT) imposed on production joints. The hardness survey shall be performed on a
transverse weld cross section that has been polished and etched to identify the weld metal,
fusion line and HAZ.
J.1.2 Hardness traverses shall be performed 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) from the internal and external
surfaces as indicated in Figure J.1 (typical weld). The HAZ readings shall include locations
as close as possible (approximately 0.2 mm) to the weld fusion line. Prior hardness traverses
may be accepted as equivalent to Figure J.1 with approval of PETROBRAS.
Note - The minimum distance between indentations shall be in accordance with ASTM E92 standard. If
necessary, intermediate readings may be slightly dislocated from the horizontal line.
Figure J.1- Location of Vickers hardness indentations.
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J.1.3 Acceptance criteria: applicable code hardness limits or PETROBRAS Technical

specifications limits.
J.1.4 The hardness test results shall be recorded in the PQR.
J.2 During welding production.
J.2.1 Pressure-retaining welds shall be hardness tested in accordance with requirements given
below:
J.2.1.1 Weld deposits shall be hardness tested, where required, on the side contacted by the
process fluid whenever possible. If access to the process side is impractical, such as on
piping or small diameter vessels, hardness testing shall be done on the opposite side.
J.2.1.1.1 Readings in the HAZ shall be conducted if specified by the applicable code (e.g., B31.3)
or by this technical specification.
J.2.1.2 Testing shall be performed after any required PWHT.
J.2.1.3 The test location and frequency shall be in accordance with item J.2.2 unless otherwise
specified by the applicable code/standard or as required by PETROBRAS Technical
Specifications.
J.2.1.4 When hardness testing is required, it shall be performed according to ASTM E 92 standard.
J.2.1.4.1 Portable instruments may be used also. To use portable instrument, it shall be previously
demonstrated the instrument suitability to testing performance. This shall be done
performing hardness measurements with the portable instrument in a welded joint of
material of same applicable specification (ASTM, ASME) of that of the equipment to be
tested, indentations according to Figure J.1, and comparing the obtained values with the
hardness measurements values performed in adjacent positions with a bench instrument
in accordance with ASTM E92 standard, Vickers hardness method, HV 5 or HV 10. If
these last hardness measurement values are similar to those obtained in adjacent
positions with the portable instrument, this last one is considered as adequated for
hardness measurements.
Note: Comparisons between measurements carried on hardness calibration blocks shall
not be permitted to establish the portable instrument suitability for hardness
measurement.
J.2.1.4.2 The similarity corroboration, between bench and portable instruments, shall be
previously presented to PETROBRAS, for approval. The portable instrument shall be
previously approved by PETROBRAS.
J.2.1.5 Unless otherwise agreed between the CONTRACTOR and PETROBRAS, the maximum
allowable hardness for welds shall be:
a. P-1, P-3, and P-4 materials: 225 HB/ HV5/HV10
b. P-5A, P-5B Group 1 and P-5C materials: 241 HB/ HV5/HV10.
Note: Limitation of P-5B Group 2 to be as agreed between PETROBRAS and CONTRACTOR.

J.2.1.6 Weld deposits found to exceed the maximum hardness criterion in J.2.1.5 are unacceptable
and shall be reported to PETROBRAS. Unless accepted by the PETROBRAS, harder
welds shall be either removed and rewelded or heat treated to reduce the hardness to an
acceptable value. The specific approach to be used to correct the high-hardness condition
shall be subject to the PETROBRAS’s approval before any corrective action is taken.
Regardless of the method of corrective action taken, the weld deposits shall be retested to
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ensure that the corrective action has resulted in acceptable hardness values. Also,
additional welds should be hardness tested for each high hardness weld that is found, at a
rate determined by PETROBRAS.
J.2.1.7 When not otherwise specified inspect furthermore 4( four) weld joints of same material for
each detected weld joint with unacceptable hardness values.
J.2.1.8 Hardness test results and locations shall be recorded.
J.2.2 The test location and frequency:
J.2.2.1 For vessel or tank butt welds where hardness testing is required, a minimum of one
location per weld seam shall be hardness tested. Unless otherwise specified by
PETROBRAS´s Technical Specification I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PPC-001 –
Requirements for Welding Inspection or by design requirements, one hardness test shall
be made for each 3 m (10 ft) of weld seam. In addition, one hardness test shall be made on
each nozzle flange-to-neck and nozzle neck-to-shell/head weld. Each unique welding
procedure used shall be hardness tested.
J.2.2.2 When hardness testing of welds is required, fillet weld deposit hardness testing should be
done when access is feasible. The number of hardness tests and locations required shall be
approved by PETROBRAS with item J.2.2.1 as a guide.
E J.2.2.3 For piping, hardness tests of production welds and of hot bent and hot formed piping are
intended to verify satisfactory heat treatment. The hardness limit applies to the weld and to
the heat affected zone (HAZ) tested as close as practicable to the edge of the weld:
(a) At least 10% of welds, hot bends, and hot formed components in each furnace heat
treated batch and 100% of those locally heat treated shall be tested, unless otherwise
specified by by PETROBRAS´s Technical Specification I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PPC-001
– Requirements for Welding Inspection or by design requirements.
(b) When dissimilar metals are joined by welding, the hardness limits specified for the base
and welding materials shall be met for each material.
J.2.2.4 Repair welds in cast, forged, or plate components shall be hardness tested, when required,
in accordance with the following requirements:
a) Hardness testing shall be performed on each component that has been weld repaired.
b) At least one hardness test shall be performed for each unique welding process/filler
metal heat number combination used on the component.
c) Hardness testing shall be performed on actual weld repairs when the weld repair area is
accessible, large enough to accommodate an indentation, and in a location where an
indentation can be tolerated.
d) When actual weld repairs cannot be hardness tested, weld test patches shall be created
on an accessible area of the component to allow hardness testing.
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ANNEX K
(RECOMMENDATION-NONMANDATORY)
K RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WELDING REPAIR

K.1 Minor surface repairs
K.1.1 Minor surface imperfections or damage on welded joints may be removed by grinding
provided that the remaining wall thickness at any point is not less than minimum specified
wall thickness.
K.1.2 The ground area shall be carefully dressed to ensure a smooth transition with the
surrounding surface, with no notches.
K.1.3 The ground areas shall be MT or PT inspected to ensure that the defects have been removed.
K.2 Welding repairs
K.2.1 Welding repairs shall be according item 7 of NORSOK M-601.

K.2.2 Where a different welding repair procedure is to be used, the welding procedure shall be
qualified.
K.2.3 The CONTRACTOR shall make every effort to minimize the residual stresses resulting
from the repair.
K.2.4 All repair work shall be carried out by qualified welders.
K.2.5 Repair welding shall be avoided after any PWHT that may be required, or after hydrostatic
test. If any weld repair is required after PWHT or hydrostatic test, the postweld heat
treatment and hydrostatic test shall be repeated.
K.2.6 The CONTRACTOR shall keep record of the weld repair rates per project on a weekly
basis. Records shall be submitted to PETROBRAS for review.
K.2.7 Weld repair rates shall be calculated based on length welded and repaired.
K.3 NDT of repair welds
K.3.1 All weld repaired areas shall be ground to a smooth contour with the parent material or
existing weld. Care shall be taken to ensure that over-grinding does not occur and that the
minimum wall thickness is maintained.
K.3.2 The weld-repaired area shall be subject to 100% examination, after the PWHT if any, using
the same techniques and acceptance criteria used for original examination.
K.3.2.1 If during final examination further defects are detected then the total welded joint area
shall be examined. If a second repair is necessary the PETROBRAS's prior approval is
required before the repair.
K.3.3 The PETROBRAS and/or Classification Society shall witness all stages of the weld repair
and NDT.
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ANNEX L
(MANDATORY)
L – ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DUPLEX WELD PROCEDURE

QUALIFICATION
L.1 Welding Procedure Qualification
L.1.1 Welding and Preparation of Test Coupons
Welding procedures for duplex stainless steels shall be qualified for all welded joints in accordance
with ASME Section IX and the additional requirements of this Annex.
The CONTRACTOR shall draw up the WPS, joint type, size, material and position that are to be
used to weld the qualification test pieces. PETROBRAS shall be given the opportunity to review
and comment on the WPS prior starting welding.
The welding of coupons shall be undertaken on identified traceable materials using suitable
identified and traceable welding consumables. Approved welding consumables only shall be used.
The WPS shall be available to the welders at the time and place of welding.
Procedure documentation, including the final WPS (which may be modified from the original
submission according to the parameters actually used during qualification) shall be submitted to the
PETROBRAS for final approval.
The welding of coupons shall be witnessed by authorized inspector.
The following welding parameters shall be recorded as a minimum (for all weld metal deposited):
• Process
• Welding current (I)
• Arc voltage (V)
• Travel speed (TS)
• Heat input (arc energy) (HI)
• Interpass temperature
• Percentage of oxygen in backing gas. (At the start of welding)
• Welding consumable batch number
Heat input shall be calculated by equation:
60 × V × I
HI =
1000 × TS where TS is in mm/min.
Run out length and arc time will be recorded.
Reading shall be taken for each individual arc time even though any pass may contain 2 or more arc
times. Suitably calibrated equipment, approved by PETROBRAS, shall be used to monitor the
welding.
The following qualification data shall be recorded:

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• Date
• Test piece identification
• WPS number
• Material identification
• Welding consumable identity
• Monitoring equipment
• Actual joint configuration
• Welding parameters
• Bead sequence / placement
• Welders name and any identification
• Witness and any other relevant data
• Chemical analysis of the weld metal of the elements: Cr, Ni, C, Mo, Mn, Si, N, W, Cu plus
any other deliberately added element.
The test piece shall be positively identified, stamped by the authorized inspector and the test piece
orientation (clock position, side ½ etc) marked on it.
Heat treatment requirements shall be in accordance with those stated on the WPS.
L.1.2 NDT of Test Coupons
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) shall be undertaken in the as deposited condition unless clearly
stated on the WPS. In this case the WPS will explicit the extent and method of weld cleaning.
The following NDT shall be performed for each welding procedure test:
For Butt welds:

- Visual Testing
- Liquid Penetrant Testing
- Radiographic Testing
For Fillet Welds:
- Visual Testing
- Liquid Penetrant Testing
L.1.3 Mechanical Testing and Micrographic Examination
L.1.3.1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Testing
Impact testing of welds shall be according to Table L.1. Full size specimens shall be applied where
possible.
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Table L.1- Impact test requirements a

Material Notch location b Tests temperature Acceptance criteria c, d
Duplex types 22%Cr and WM and HAZ -46ºC or at MDT, 27 J or lateral
25%Cr whichever is expansion (minimum)
lower. 0,38 mm
NOTES:
a. No impact test is required for wall thickness lower than 6 mm.
b. One set shall be taken from the weld center line and one from the fusion line.
c. No single value shall be below 70% of the average requirement.
d. Reduction factors of energy requirements for sub-size specimens shall be 5/6 for 7,5 mm
specimen and 2/3 for 5 mm specimen.
L.1.3.2 Hardness Determination
Where NACE requirements are applicable, maximum hardness levels for parent material, weld
metal and weld heat-affected zones are established to secure reliable resistance to stress corrosion
cracking (SCC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC), in H2S-bearing (sour) media. The hardness
location and limits shall be as required by ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175.
L.1.3.3 Micrographic Examination
The ferrite content shall be determined according to Annex M and shall be within 35-55%. The
microstructure, as examined at 400X to 500X magnification on a suitable etched specimen, shall be
free from intermetallic phases and precipitates.
L.1.3.4 Corrosion test
It is required a corrosion test according to ASTM G 48 Method A, modified as specified herein. The
specimen shall be tested in the as-welded condition, without removal of the reinforcement and the
root penetration. The test temperature shall be at 40ºC and the exposure time of 24 hours. The test
specimen shall have a dimension of full wall thickness x 25mm along the weld x 50 mm across the
weld. The whole specimen shall be pickled before being weighted and tested. The specimen shall be
pickled (20%HNO3 +5%HF, 60 ºC, 5 minutes), receive a 24 hours air passivation after pickling and
any grinding, and subsequently immersed in the solution, exposing the external and internal
surfaces, as well a cross section surface that include the weld zone in full wall thickness.
The acceptance criteria are:

• No pitting at 20 X magnification.
• The weight loss shall be less than 4,0g/m²
L.1.4 Additional Essencial variables
L.1.4.1 Joint Fit-up
Any change in joint fit-up outside that tolerated in the approved welding procedure specification.
Joint bevel angle shall not be reduced by more than 5 degrees or increased by more than 10 degrees.
Single bevels and double bevel (K-weld) preparations qualify single V and double V (X-weld)
respectively but not vice versa. Otherwise all preparations shapes required separate qualification.
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L.1.4.2 Position
A change from vertical up and vertical down require separate qualification or converse.
L.1.4.3 Technique
When impact testing is required: A change from multi pass to single pass.
L.1.4.4 Shielding Gas
Any change in flow rate beyond -20/+10%.
L.1.4.5 Backing Gas Composition
Any change in the gas composition.
L.1.4.6 Heat input
Any change of heat input higher than ± 10%, but into the range of maximum and minimum heat
input specified by this technical specification.
L.1.4.7 Filler metal type
Any change in manufacturer beyond those approved by PETROBRAS.
L.1.4.8 Filler metal Size
Any change in manufacturer beyond those approved by PETROBRAS.
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ANNEX M
(MANDATORY)
M – MEASUREMENT OF FERRITE CONTENT FOR DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS

(MODIFIED ASTM E 562)
M.1 INTRODUCTION:
For ferrite assessment during procedure qualification tests, metallurgical sections shall be polished
and etched to clearly reveal the two-phase austenite/ferrite microstructure. The area being point
counted, either parent material, weld metal or HAZ, should be examined and photographed under a
microscope at a sufficient magnification to fill the field of view and to be able to clearly
discriminate between the constituent phases. (For parent plate and weld metal, a magnification of
approximately X400 is required, and for HAZ, about X700 to X1000should be used.)
M.2 METHODOLOGY:
M.2.1 The photographs shall be overlaid with a grid of at least 100 points and the percentage
ferrite shall be calculated from the number of points that fall on the ferrite phase and the
total number of points used. Automated counting methods using quantitative metallography
equipment can also be used.
M.2.2 The ferrite content shall be measured on one of the metallurgical sections using the point
counting technique at the following locations:
a. In the parent metal, one measurement on each side of the weld at mid thickness (total
of 2).
b. In the HAZ on each side of the weld, in the region of the root pass (total of 2).
c. In the weld metal, three measurements near to the vertical center line of the weld,
one in the cap, one in the root, and one at mid thickness (total of 3).
M.3 NOTES:
M.3.1 Representative microstructures of the weld (cap and root passes), fusion line, heat affected
zone and parent material must be reported and shown as original photomicrographs and
shall be attached to the relevant welding procedure qualification record.
M.3.2 Experience within the refining industry indicates that this is a difficult test (especially on
HAZ) and results are often not accurate. Experienced laboratories addressed by
PETROBRAS shall be used.
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ANNEX N
(MANDATORY)
N – ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WELD PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION OF

DISSIMILAR JOINTS BETWEEN DUPLEX AND CARBON STEEL
N.1 Welding Procedure Qualification
N.1.1 Addition to requirements the applicable code, impact test shall be made using a butt weld
joint design to give a full thickness path for crack opening into the HAZ of carbon steel base
metal.
N.1.1.1 Weld joints should be according figure M.1.
Figure M.1 – Butt weld joints specimens
N.1.1.2 One set of three Charpy-V test samples shall be tested in accordance with ASTM A 370
- Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. The specimens
shall be cut in order that the V notch goes straight through the HAZ of carbon steel base
metal (see sketch below).
Same thickness of cladded

plate or 20 mm,
whichever is greater
Figure M.2 – Location for removal of Charpy specimens from butt weld joints.
N.1.1.3 Acceptance criteria: The avarege value shall be 27J at -18ºC or at MDMT, whichever is
lower. No single value shall be below 70% of the average requirement.
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ANNEX O
(MANDATORY)
O – ADDITIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR WELD PROCEDURE

QUALIFICATION AND PRODUCTION OF WELD OVERLAY
O.1 The welding procedure qualification shall follow items 5 to 7 of ISO 15614-Part 7:
Overlay welding, with the modifications stated bellow.
O.2 Item 6.2 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
O.2.1 “Welding and testing of the test pieces shall be witnessed by PETROBRAS or by an
examining body addressed by PETROBRAS.”
O.3 Item 7.1 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified Table 1 and added new
phrase.
Table 1 — Examination and testing of the test pieces
Test Piece Type of test Extent of test Footnote
Overlay welding Visual testing 100% -
Ultrasonic testing 100% a
Surface crack detection 100% b
Side bend test 2 specimens -
Macroscopic examination 1 specimen -
Microscopic examination 1 specimen -
Chemical analysis 1 specimen -
Delta ferrite content/Ferrite number-FN 1 specimen c
Hardness Testing 1 survey -

a) If required, in accordance with the applicable code.
b) Penetrant test or magnetic particle test. For non-magnetic materials, penetrant test.
c) The ferrite content of the final layer of 316/316L or 317/317L weld overlay shall be in
the range of 3-11 FN.
“The completed overlay shall have the chemical composition given in Table 2.”
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Table 2 — Typical Chemical Composition Requirement for Austenitic Stainless Steel Overlay
Overlay type %Cr (minimum) %Ni (minimum) %Mo (range) %C (maximum)
316 16 10 2-3 0,08
316L 16 10 2-3 0,03
317 18 11 3-4 0,08
317L 18 11 3-4 0,03
O.4 Item 7.2 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
O.4.1 “Depending on overlay geometry, materials and the production specification, NDT
shall be carried out in accordance with:
a) ISO 17637: visual examination,
b) I-ET-3010.78-1000-974-PSQ-001 – Non-destructive Testing (NDT): penetrant

testing and magnetic particle testing.”
O.5 Item 7.4.2 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
O.5.1 “The test specimen shall be prepared and etched in accordance with ASTM E 3 - Methods
of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens and ASTM E 407 - Microetching Metals and
Alloys on one side in order to reveal clearly the fusion line, the heat-affected zone (HAZ)
and the building-up of the layers.”
O.6.1 “The Vickers hardness testing with a load of Vickers number HV 10 or HV 5 shall be
carried out in accordance with ASTM E 92 - Test Method for Vickers Hardness of
Materials. Hardness indentations shall be made as shown in Figure 5. The results of the
hardness testing shall be in accordance with 7.5.2.3.”
O.7.1 “Side bend test specimens and testing shall be in accordance with applicable code, when
not specified in the applicable code, ISO 5173 shall be used.”
O.8 Item 7.5.2.3 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
O.8.1 “The hardness values shall not exceed the values specified in applicable code or in this
Technical Specification”.
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ANNEX P
(MANDATORY)
P – ADDITIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR WELD PROCEDURE

QUALIFICATION AND PRODUCTION OF INCONEL 625 WELD OVERLAY
P.1 The welding procedure qualification shall follow items 5 to 7 of ISO 15614-Part 7:
Overlay welding, with the modifications stated bellow.
P.2 Item 6.2 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
P.2.1 “Welding and testing of the test pieces shall be witnessed by PETROBRAS or by an
P.3 Item 7.1 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified Table 1 and added new
phrases.
Chemical analysis shall be made with reference to final machined configurations of the work piece
and, also, 2 mm below a line corresponding to final machined surface.

Overlay welding Visual testing 100% -
Ultrasonic testing 100% a
Surface crack detection 100% b
Side bend test 2 specimens -
Macroscopic examination 1 specimen -
Microscopic examination 1 specimen c
Chemical analysis 1 specimen -
Hardness Testing 1 survey d

a) If required, in accordance with the applicable code.
b) Penetrant test.
c) Hardness survey shall be made.
d) The ferrite content of the final layer of 316/316L or 317/317L weld overlay shall be in
the range of 3-11 FN.
“The completed overlay shall have the chemical composition given in Table 2.”
A further hardness survey shall be performed through the full section at a minimum of three test
locations each: in the base material, in the heat-affected zone and in each layer of overlay up to a
maximum of two layers. In the region 2 the sample shall be analyzed at maximum intervals of 1
mm from the fusion line into the base material. A minimum of 3 indentations shall be placed in
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the heat affected zone. Hardness testing shall be carried out by Vickers 10-Kg method in
accordance with ASTM E92 and each hardness values shall be recorded separately (the
averaging of the values is not permitted). See figure below for required hardness test locations.
Dimensions in millimeters (inches)
Key
1 overlay
2 HAZ
3 base metal
Acceptance Criteria:
- 200 up to 310 HV10;
- 250 HV10 maximum hardness on region 2 and 3.
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Table 2 — Typical Chemical Composition Requirement for INCONEL 625 Overlay

Element Minimum Maximum Element Minimum Maximum
(%) (%) (%) (%)
Cr 20 23 Mo 8 10
Nb 3.2 4.2 Si 0.5
Al 0.40 Co 1
Fe 10 C 0.1
Ti 0.4 S 0.015
Mn 1.2 Ni balance
P.4 Item 7.2 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
P.4.1 “Depending on overlay geometry, materials and the production specification, NDT
shall be carried out in accordance with:
c) ISO 17637: visual examination,
d) I-ET-3010.78-1000-974-PSQ-001 – Non-destructive Testing (NDT): penetrant

testing and magnetic particle testing.”
P.5 Item 7.4.2 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
P.5.1 “The test specimen shall be prepared and etched in accordance with ASTM E 3 - Methods
of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens and ASTM E 407 - Microetching Metals and
Alloys on one side in order to reveal clearly the fusion line, the heat-affected zone (HAZ)
and the building-up of the layers.”
P.6.1 “The Vickers hardness testing with a load of Vickers number HV 10 or HV 5 shall be
carried out in accordance with ASTM E 92 - Test Method for Vickers Hardness of
Materials. Hardness indentations shall be made as shown in Figure 5. The results of the
hardness testing shall be in accordance with 7.5.2.3.”
P.7.1 “Side bend test specimens and testing shall be in accordance with applicable code, when
not specified in the applicable code, ISO 5173 shall be used.”
P.8 Item 7.5.2.3 of ISO 15614-Part 7: Overlay welding: Modified parts underlined.
P.8.1 “The hardness values shall not exceed the values specified in applicable code. When
not specified the hardness values shall be in the range of 200 to 310HV10”.
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ANNEX Q
(MANDATORY)
Q – ADDITIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS FOR WELD PROCEDURE

QUALIFICATION AND PRODUCTION OF TITANIUM (AND THEIR ALLOYS)
WELDS
Q.1 Welding and Preparation of Test Coupons
Q.1.1 The weld procedure qualification tests shall be carried out under comparable field
conditions, which will necessitate the use of a suitable chamber to ensure the maintenance of
acceptable argon gas shielding. A minimum gas preflow of 6x (six times) the volume of air
being purged shall be used with the subsequent maintenance of a slight measured positive
pressure.
Q.1.2 The inert gas shielding shall not be removed until the weld area has cooled to below 300°C.
Q.2 The welding procedure qualification shall follow items 5 to 7 of ISO 15614-Part 5: Arc
welding of titanium, zirconium and their alloys welding, with the modifications stated bellow.
Q.2.1 Item 5 of ISO 15614-Part 5: Modified parts underlined.
Q.2.1.1 “The welder or welding operator who undertakes the welding procedure test
satisfactorily in accordance with this standard is qualified for the appropriate range of
qualification according to acceptable code providing that the relevant testing
requirements are met.”
Q.2.2 Item 6.1 of ISO 15614-Part 5: Modified parts underlined.
Q.2.2.1 “The welded joint to which the welding procedure will relate in production shall be
represented by making a standardized test piece or pieces, as specified in 6.2. Where the
production/joint geometry requirements do not represent the standardized test pieces as
shown in this standard, PETROBRAS shall be consulted.”
Q.2.3.1 ” Preparation and welding of test pieces shall be carried out in accordance with the
pWPS, and under the general conditions of welding in production which they shall
represent. Welding positions and limitations for the angle of slope and rotation of the
test piece shall be in accordance with ISO 6947. If tack welds are to be fused into the
final joint they shall be included in the test piece.”
Q.2.3.2 “Welding and testing of the test pieces shall be witnessed by PETROBRAS or by an
Q.2.4 Item 7.1 of ISO 15614-Part 5: Modified Table 1.
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Butt joint with full Visual testing 100% -

penetration – Figure 1
and Figure 2
Radiographic testing 100% -
Penetrant Testing 100% -
Transverse tensile test 2 specimens -
Transverse bend test 4 specimen a
Macroscopic/ microscopic examination 1 specimen b
Corrosion test 1 specimen c

T- joint with full Visual testing 100% d
penetration - Figure 3
Branch connection
with full penetration -
Figure 4
Radiographic testing 100% d
Penetrant Testing 100% d
Macroscopic/ microscopic examination 2 specimens b and d
Fillet welds - Figure 3 Visual testing 100% d

and Figure 4
Penetrant Testing 100% d
Macroscopic/ microscopic examination 1 specimen b and d

a) For bend tests, see 7.4.3.
b) For microscopic examination, see 7.4.4.
c) Removed from area 4 as shown in figure 5 and area 3 as shown in figure 6.
d) Tests as detailed do not provide information on the mechanical properties of the joint.
Where these properties are relevant to the application an additional qualification shall
also be held e.g. a butt weld qualification.
Q.2.5.1 ” Depending upon joint geometry, materials and the requirements for work, the NDT
shall be carried out as required in Table 1 in accordance with:
a) ISO 17637: visual examination,
b) I-ET-3010.78-1000-974-PSQ-001 – Non-destructive Testing (NDT): penetrant

testing and radiographic testing.”
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Q.2.6 Item 7.4.2 of ISO 15614-Part 5: Modified parts underlined.
Q.2.6.1 “Specimens and testing for transverse tensile testing for butt joint shall be in accordance
with applicable code, when not specified in the applicable code ASTM A 370 shall be
used.”
Q.2.7.1 “Specimens and testing for bend testing for butt joints shall be in accordance with
applicable code, when not specified in the applicable code ISO 5173 shall be used.”
Q.2.7.2 “The diameter of the former or the inner roller shall be 6 t except for pure titanium or
titanium with controlled content of oxygen when 4 t shall be used. The bending angle
shall be 180° for parent metal with elongation A ≥ 20%. For parent metal with
elongation A < 20% the following formula shall apply:”
Q.2.8.1 “The test specimen shall be prepared and examined in accordance with ASTM E 3 -
Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens and ASTM E 407 - Microetching
Metals and Alloys on one side to clearly reveal the fusion line, the HAZ and the build up
of the runs.”
Q.2.9.1 “A welding procedure is qualified if the imperfections in the test piece are within the
specified limits of quality level B in ISO 5817 except for imperfection types as follows :
excess weld metal, excess convexity, excess throat thickness and excessive penetration,
for which quality level C shall apply”.
Q.2.10.1 Accepted colours on the weld metal surface: Bright silver welds are an indication that
the weld shielding is satisfactory and that proper weld interpass temperatures have been
observed. Light straw-colored weld is acceptable but the discoloration should be
removed by wire brushing with a clean stainless steel brush. Darker brown, purple and
blue colours and grey or flaky white are not acceptable.
Q.3 Hardness Determination
Where ISO15156 requirements are applicable, maximum hardness levels for parent material, weld
metal and weld heat-affected zones are established to secure reliable resistance to stress corrosion
cracking (SCC) and sulfide stress cracking (SSC), in H2S-bearing (sour) media. The hardness
location shall be as required by ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175.
Acceptance Criteria:
• The hardness limits shall be as required by ISO 15156 / NACE MR 0175.
• The maximum individual hardness reading on the weld metal shall not exceed more than 30
points on the HV10 Vickers scale than the hardness of parent metal of matching
composition.
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ANNEX R
(MANDATORY)
R – PASSIVITY TEST FOR NICKEL AND NICKEL ALLOYS
R.1 Scope
R.1.1 This test is intended to reveal the presence of free iron or ferrous oxides on nickel alloy
surfaces. Free iron contamination may exist as superficial films or as inclusions.
R.1.2 Two methodologies are accepted to analyze the presence of iron or ferrous oxides on nickel
alloys surfaces:
R.1.2.1 TEST PROCEDURE WITH DEMINERALIZED WATER
The surfaces to be tested are sprayed every hour for 12 hours with cold demineralized water
without intermediate drying: this time may be reduced to 6 hours if the sprayed drops are
sufficiently small to adhere without running down.
A visual examination (using lens with magnification 5 in case of doubt) is performed after the
surface is exposed to air for at least 24 hours after water exposure.
R.1.2.2 TEST PROCEDURE USING FERROXYL
According ASTM A 380.
R.1.3 ACCEPTABILITY CRITERIA
The examined surface shall have neither free iron nor iron oxide surface contamination nor iron
inclusions or embedded particles.
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ANNEX S
(MANDATORY)
S PROHIBITED AND DETRIMENTAL MATERIALS FOR NICKEL AND NICKEL

ALLOYS
S.1 PROHIBITED MATERIALS
S.1.1 Lead, Mercury and other low melting point materials, their alloys and/or their compounds
shall not be added to the consumable products as essential chemical constituents.
S.1.2 Sulfur, Lead, low melting point metals, their alloys and their compounds shall be prohibited
for use in fabrication, testing, shipping and assembly.
S.2 DETRIMENTAL MATERIALS
A detrimental material is one that can have a deleterious effect on performance if it contacts the
hardware. Detrimental materials are classified into seven (07) groups. Each group has allowable
maximum concentration limits of detrimental materials in contact with nickel base alloys at each
phase of fabrication. Possible sources of detrimental materials are indicated in Table S.1.
S.2.1 CONTROLLED PRODUCTS
Controlled products which contain detrimental materials in excess of the concentration limits as
shown in Table S.1, may be used if at least, one of the following conditions is satisfied:
- No transfer of detrimental material to the parts of the equipment occurs;

- Detrimental materials will be removed later with another accepted product prior next
fabrication steps, where control of detrimental material is required;
- PETROBRAS has specifically authorized the use of the products.
S.2.2 ACCEPTABLE PRODUCTS
Acceptable products are products listed which satisfy the detrimental material concentrations
limits of Table S.1.
No. REV.
AREA PAGES
WELDING
Table S.1 - Acceptable Products
Maximum
Detrimental Stage of
Concentration Possible Sources
Material Fabrication
(ppm)
Chemicals
Mercury 0,5 Instrumentation All
Mercury Lighting
Temperature
crayons, hammers,
Lead 0,5 cutting oils, paint, All
plating, wire
brushes
Cadmium,
Magnesium,
Hammers, fixtures,
Tin, Zinc,
lubricants, cutting
Antimony, 10
oils, paint, plating,
Arsenic,
wire brushes Final cleaned
Bismuth,
surfaces or any
Silver
prior to or during
Soft pads or
thermal treatment
hammers, probes,
Aluminum and tips, copper chill
250
Copper blocks and
electrodes for
welding
Furnace
atmosphere,
marking materials,
Sulfur 100
lubricants and
cutting oils, UT
couplants, fluxes
Human
perspiration,
Final cleaned
lubricants, cutting
Chlorides and surfaces, prior to
200 oils, fluxes,
Halogens or during thermal
penetrant
treatment or
materials, lagging,
machining
UT couplants
Furnace
atmosphere,
marking materials,
Phosphorous 250 temperature
indicating crayons,
lubricants, UT
couplant

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-3010.78-1200-955-PSQ-001

REV DESCRIPTION AND/OR REVISED SHEETS

REV. 0 REV. A REV. B REV. C REV. D REV. E REV. F REV. G REV. H

PARTICIPANTS OF THE REVISIONS “0”, “A” , “B” AND “C”:

• MARCY SATURNO DE MENEZES

• NEY ROBSON NUNES WEISS CHAVES

• WILSON DO AMARAL ZAITUNE

• FLÁVIO AUGUSTO DOS SANTOS SERRA

3 REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 10

4 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 10

5 ELABORATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS FOR WELDING 12

8 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS – CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM AND CARBON-

Annex A (Mandatory) – INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE ELABORATION OF THE PRODUCTION

Table 9- CONSUMABLES, PRE AND POSTHEATING FOR DISSIMILAR WELDED JOINTS

Fabrication shall include all ancillary associated activities as described herein.

Refer to Project specific General Conditions and Data Specification.

2.1. CLASSIFICATION RULES, CODES & STANDARDS

2.2. CODES AND STANDARDS

2.2.1. ASME – AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

2.2.1.1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:

2.2.1.2. ASME B31.3 - Process Piping

2.2.2. ASTM – AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS

2.2.2.6. ASTM E 407 - Microetching Metals and Alloys

2.2.3. API - American Petroleum Institute

2.2.4. AWS - American Welding Society

2.2.4.1. ASME/AWS Filler Metals Specifications:

2.2.5. BSI – BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION

2.2.5.1. BS 5500 - Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels

2.2.6. ISO – INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION

2.2.7.1. NORSOK M-601 – Welding and Inspection of piping

2.2.8.1. I-ET-3010.78-1000-974-PSQ-001 – Non-destructive Testing (NDT)

3. REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

(pWPS) Preliminary Welding Procedure Specification

5 ELABORATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS FOR WELDING

5.2 DOCUMENTATION FOR PLANNING OF WELDING

5.2.2 DOCUMENTATION FOR PRODUCTION TESTING

5.2.2.1 The production testing plan shall be elaborated as described in ANNEX A.

5.3 DOCUMENTATION FOR WELDING EXECUTION AND CONTROL

5.4 WELDING RECORDS

6 WELDING – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.2. FOR HYDROGEN SULPHIDE CONTAINING ENVIRONMENTS

6.4. WELDING PROCESSES

6.5. FABRICATION FACILITIES

Table 1- Materials which require separated storage and fabrications areas.

6.7. WELDING CONSUMABLES

6.7.4. Welding consumables shall be clearly identified by classification or tradename, as

6.8. WELDING CONSUMABLE STORAGE AND HANDLING

6.9. SHIELDING AND PURGING GASES

6.10. CUTTING AND EDGE PREPARATION

6.11. TACK WELDS

6.12. WELDING SEQUENCE

6.12.7. The use of backing strips or rings shall not be permitted.

6.14. WELD CLEANING

6.14.4. Weld peening is not permitted.

6.15.2. For stainless steel / duplex stainless steel parts:

6.15.3. For Nickel alloys parts:

a Oxidation, tarnish, heat tint or other surface contamination shall be removed by

a.3 SHOTBLASTING: Shotblasting is carried out with dry abrasive materials at a

a.4 DUST REMOVAL: On completion of mechanical cleaning operations (abrasive

a.5 DEGREASING: Oil or grease based (hydrocarbon-based) contaminants shall be

6.16. PREHEATING AND INTERPASS REQUIREMENTS

6.17. POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT