SUMMARY NOTES

Understanding Typhoon
How landforms and Bodies of Water Affect Typhoons

- Land formations weaken typhoons because of the lack of water to supply the needed
moisture.
- Typhoons gain strength over water bodies because of ample supply of warm water
that feeds more energy into the system .
- They affect typhoons based on how slow the energy is released by the landforms and
bodies of water.
The power of a typhoon come from evaporation of warm sea water.
How Cyclones Develop

- Evaporation of water
- Creation of LPA due to rising of warm, moist air
- Rushing of air from HPA to LPA
- Water vapor begins to condense to form clouds
- More clouds form and wind speed pick up
Cyclones form where

- high pressure air pushes wind away causing a drain effect.

- wind is drawn into a low-pressure area at the Earth’s surface, forming a spiral pattern.
- two air masses meet head on and roll backwards, causing a typhoon and a
hurricane.
Categories of a Tropical Cyclones

Hurricanes are storms that occur over the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, North Atlantic
Ocean, or in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
The eye of a hurricane is associated with low pressure, subsiding air, and fairly calm winds.

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is designated area that falls under the monitoring
jurisdiction of PAGASA.
THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS (PSWS)
PSWS #1 (30-60kph)
 PSWS#2 (>60-100kph)
PSWS#3 (>100-185kph)
PSWS#4 (>185kph)
- Tropical cyclones weaken when it hits the warm landmasses.
True statements about typhoon
- It is the term used in the Philippines
- It contains a maximum wind speed of 200kph
- It is the term used in northeastern Pacific
When the eye wall passes a certain area, the weather is severe and intense.
The conditions would most likely to form a tropical cyclone in a cold ocean water.

COMETS, METEORS and ASTEROIDS

A comet has a tail because the ice and dust that make up a comet evaporate from the
heat of the sun.
Meteorites related to asteroid because meteorites are pieces of asteroids.

The most plausible about asteroid belt is that the belt is where all the asteroids happened to
survive.

The difference between asteroid and meteoroid from each other is that asteroid has no
atmosphere while meteoroid can be a comet.
The true statements about comets and asteroids is comets are balls of ice and dust.

Why aren't small asteroids spherical in shape because the strength of gravity on small
asteroids is less than the strength of the rock.
A meteor shower is produced when the Earth passes through the orbital path of a comet.
Comets are balls of ice and dust.
The characteristic distinguishes a meteorite from a terrestrial rock.
- A meteorite is usually covered with a dark crust from burning in Earth's atmosphere.
- A meteorite usually has a high metal content.

- Meteorites have different isotope ratios of particular elements when compared to terrestrial
rocks.

The reason why a comet is not seen as often as asteroids and meteors is because its orbit
around the sun is very elliptical, such that they move very close to the sun at one end and
stretched to the edge of the solar system at another end gas tail of a comet always points
away from the sun.
One similarity between asteroids, comets and meteoroids is that they all are made of rock.

Causes meteors to burn up in our atmosphere because of the friction from the Earth's
atmosphere.

One reason why we do not see too many craters caused by meteorites hitting our Earth is
because most of them fall into our ocean since 80% of our Earth is made up of water.

The short-period comets do not have randomly oriented orbits because their orbits are altered
by encounters with the planets.

Comets that are now in the Kuiper belt originally form near the radius at which they orbit
today.
Comets become warm when it reaches the surface.
NOT true about comets and asteroids
- Have the same chemical composition
Not true about asteroids?
- Air resistance exists in an asteroid

In one night, Jose observed a streak of light passing through the sky in one direction. What he
saw is meteor.

Perseid is one of the famous annual meteor showers occurring in the month of August. Where
does meteor shower is named after Galaxy.
The difference between an asteroid and a comet in terms of origin.

- A comet moves from a Kuiper belt and Oort cloud while an asteroid from the main
asteroid belt
Meteorite

- It is annual light phenomenon characterized by many meteors appearing in the sky in

the short period of time.

When a fragment of rock from meteoroid survive and make it to the ground, this is now
cold asteroid.