Official Thesis

JBEST SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL SKILLS-LAGRO,
INC.
4th Floor Lester Bldg., Km. 22 Quirino Highway Brgy. Pasong Putik,
Lagro, Novaliches, Quezon City
THE EFFICIENCY OF OREGANO IN PRODUCING A CANDLE AS
MOSQUITO REPELLENT
MEMBERS:
AJEL, JOY T.
BENITEZ, KING ALFRED B.
CRUZADO, MAVILLE A.
DELA ROSA, KIRT XYMON C.
FRANCO, KRISTINE KYLLE T.
GIRAY, JAY T.
GOÑA, KLARISSE R.
MS. ELLAINE FULAY
PRACTICAL RESEARCH ADVISER
2019-2020
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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Mosquitoes are a group of about 3,500 species of small insects that
are a type of fly. Within that order they constitute the family Culicidae. The
word "mosquito" is Spanish for "little fly". Mosquitoes have a slender
segmented body, a pair of wings, three pairs of long hair-like legs, feathery
antennae, and elongated mouthparts. Many species of mosquitoes inject or
ingest disease-causing organisms with the bite and are thus a vector for the
transmission of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West
Nile virus, dengue fever, filariasis, tularemia, dirofilariasis, Japanese
encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Eastern
equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River
fever, Barmah Forest fever, La Crosse encephalitis, as well as newly
detected Keystone virus and Rift Valley fever, Zika virus and
other arboviruses. Mosquitoes kill more people than any other animal: over
700,000 each year so, researchers developed ways to prevent the upsurge of
its population and one of those many ways is the use of repellent.
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Repellents are substances that help people avoid mosquito bites.
Anyone working or playing in mosquito-infested areas will find repellents very
helpful. Repellents are formulated for use on bare skin, clothing, or other
surfaces which demoralize insects from landing or climbing the surface. Aside
of the use of repellents, we conducted this research to formulate new and
original product. The research includes the use of oregano as the main
ingredient to avoid the mosquito and the disease to ward off the mosquito and
the diseases that is being brought by them. To fully formulate the product and
to make it unique, we wanted to involve the use of beeswax and mold it like a
candle.
Beeswax (ceraalba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the
genus Apis. The wax is formed into scales by eight wax-producing glands in
the abdominal segments of worker bees, which discard it in or at the hive. The
hive workers collect and use it to form cells for honey storage and larval and
pupal protection within the beehive. Beeswax has mild anti-swelling (anti-
inflammatory) effects. There is also some evidence that it might help protect
the stomach
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study aimed to assess the capability of oregano. This study will
answer the following questions.
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of :
 Age
 Gender
2. What is the capability of oregano in producing candle as mosquito
repellent? How can oregano as repellent help people in terms of:
 Affordability
 Appearance
 Ease of use
 Portability
 Scent
3. Is there a significant difference in the capability of oregano to produce
candle as mosquito repellent of the respondent in terms of Affordability,
Appearance, Ease of use, Portability, Scent when Age and Gender is
considered?
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study focused on the capability of oregano in producing candle as
a mosquito repellent. The scope of the study focused on the following
indicators such as: ease of used, affordability, effectiveness, safety, reliability,
portability. This study conducted from JBEST School of Technology and
Practical Skills Lagro., Inc students 2018 – 2019.
We as the researcher s considered working on this study to find out if
there’s an effect of this product to those who will use and to assess the
efficiency of mosquito repellent with regard to the development of this
research. The results of this study are applicable only to the respondents of
this study. The respondents will have awareness on the importance of
oregano.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework of this study is presented in the following
figure of the diagram.
The Input contains the demographic profile of the respondent level of
acceptability of the product in terms of Affordability, Appearance, Ease of use,
Portability, Scent to this; it also consists of determining the significant
difference in the level of acceptability when the demographic profile of the
respondents is considered.
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The Process includes the formulating the experiment, gathering of the
data, organizing of gathered data, and assessment of gathered data.
The Output includes the efficiency of oregano in producing a candle as
mosquito repellent
INPUT PROCESS
1. What is the OUTPUT
demographic profile of the  Formulating the
respondent in terms of experiment  The efficiency of
capability of oregano as  Gathering of the oregano in
repellent: data producing
 Organizing of candle as
 Age
gathered data mosquito
 Gender
 Assessment of repellent
2. How can oregano as
gathered data
repellent help people in
terms of:
 Affordability
 Appearance
 Ease of use
 Portability
 Scent
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of the study should be beneficial to the following:
1. FUTURE RESEARCHERS
- Researches can experiment, conduct and gather some information to
use oregano in new product findings by this study used by other researchers
to complete their data.
2. RESEARCHER
- May benefit a lot of information and knowledge about oregano. They
can also experiment to create their own product with the use of their
knowledge.
3. STUDENT
- This study may benefit student to acquire additional knowledge about
oregano and to know that benefit would they have if they use oregano.
4. TEACHER
- This will help them to educate the students and may be used by them
to encourage their students to create innovative product.
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5. COMMUNITY
-This study will lessen the number of individuals harmed by mosquito
diseases. It will help to demoralize mosquitoes in the community resulting to
fever victims of mosquito diseases. They can also make their own mosquito-
repellents in an easy way, by doing this, they can save money.
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Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of related literature studies that
the researchers gathered from different material regarding oregano. These
were used as significant to this research.
FOREIGN AND LOCAL LITERATURE
Oregano is an herb that has been cultivated for centuries in the
Mediterranean area, although it now can be found on most continents.
Actually, there is not simply one "oregano," but rather several species that
may contribute to the oregano used for culinary purposes. Origanum vulgare
(also referred to as Spanish thyme and wild marjoram), a member of the plant
family Lamiaceae, is generally the spice variety sold as oregano in Europe
and the United States. Medicinal uses for oregano date back to the ancient
Greek and Roman empires where applications of the leaves were used to
treat such maladies as skin sores and relieve aching muscles and as an
antiseptic. Oregano also has been used in traditional medicines for such
ailments as asthma, cramping, diarrhea, and indigestion. In Greece, an
oregano infusion is still used as a folk remedy against colds and upset
stomach and to maintain general health. Based on the current scientific
literature, oregano extracts and individual constituents consistently have
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demonstrated antimicrobial actions in vitro toward food-borne pathogens,
although the capacity to counter human infections is not well studied.
Oregano contains several potent antioxidants that may contribute to the
findings in preliminary studies that oregano exhibits benefits toward the
cardiovascular and nervous systems, relieves symptoms of inflammation, and
modulates blood sugar and lipids. Well-controlled human studies
substantiating these health effects are lacking.
Actually, there is not simply one ‘‘oregano,’’ but rather several species that
may contribute to the oregano used for culinary purposes. Origanum vulgare
(also referred to as Spanish thyme and wild marjoram), a member of the plant
family Lamiaceae, is generally the spice variety sold as oregano in Europe
and the United States. Medicinal uses for oregano date back to the ancient
Greek and Roman empires where applications of the leaves were used to
treat such maladies as skin sores and relieve aching muscles and as an
oregano infusion is still used as a folk remedy against colds and upset
stomach and to maintain general health. Based on the current scientific

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substantiating these health effects are lacking.
Its light green leaves are used either ‘‘dry’’ or ‘‘fresh’’ as a culinary
seasoning, and its use has elicited such sensory responses as ‘‘pungent,’’
‘‘pleasantly bitter,’’ ‘‘herbaceous,’’ and ‘‘aromatic,’’ to name a few. Two
constituents of oregano, carvacrol and thymol, contribute to the sensation of
warmth in the mouth due to their actions on temperature-sensitive structures
called ion channels. Oregano is most well-known for imparting an ‘‘Italian
taste’’ to Mediterranean cuisine and may be used to enhance the flavors of a
variety of foods including baked goods, vegetables, legumes, fish, pizza,
pasta sauce, and chilis. It has been included in aromatic teas and is a
frequent addition to Mexican dishes. Mexican oregano is prepared from Lippia
spp (Verbenaceae). In the Philippines, a related herb suganda (Coleus
amboinicus) also is used as oregano in cooking. Medicinal uses for oregano
date back to the ancient Greek and Roman empires where applications of the
leaves were used to treat skin sores, to relieve aching muscles, and as an

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oregano infusion is still used as a folk remedy against colds and an upset
stomach and to maintain general health. Because there are so many species
of Origanum used around the world as an ‘‘oregano’’ condiment and for
medicinal purposes, it is not surprising that there are variations in their profiles
of bioactive constituents and in the purported beneficial effects. For example,
the carvacrol content of essential oils from Origanum plants may vary over 20-
fold, and similarly thymol content may vary 3-fold to almost 30-fold among
plant oils. The amounts of the terpene alcohol linalool could range from
nondetectable in one plant oil to approximately 30% of the essential oil
composition of another.
Figure. Oregano leaves. Obtained from McCormick Inc.
The volatile compounds carvacrol (isopropyl-o-cresol or 5-isopropyl-2-
methylphenol) and thymol (isopropyl-m-cresol) are considered major terpene
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components of oregano essential oils, along with p-cymene (4-isopropyl
toluene) and +-terpinene, which are precursors in the biosynthesis of thymol
and carvacrol. Thymol is used in perfumes and mouthwashes. Other bioactive
compounds identified in oregano leaf include phenolic acids (caffeic acid, p-
coumaric acid), rosmarinic acid and caffeoyl derivatives, ursolic acid, and
carnosic acid, as well as a mixture of flavonoids. In fact, rosmarinic acid is one
of the most abundant phenolic compounds present in aqueous extracts of
oregano leaf and is known to be the dominant phenolic compound in Labiatae
spices (such as oregano, rosemary, sage, etc). It should be mentioned at the
onset of this overview of oregano and health that the benefit of oregano to
humans ultimately will depend on the bioavailability of its biologically active
constituents following ingestion, that is, how well those components are
absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. This will be
of critical importance in establishing any link between health effects detected
in vitro and those that might be expected to occur in vivo. Investigations
evaluating the bioavailability of oregano in humans are limited. Two reports in
humans have indicated that the intake of oregano extracts containing doses of
300 to 600 mg/d total oregano-derived phenolics resulted in the absorption
and quick elimination of the phenolic acids. Yet, even given a dose of 600
mg/d for 4 weeks, no significant changes in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation
were detected in these subjects. A number of issues were identified by the
authors of this study that may explain variations in natural product

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bioavailability and bioactivity. For example, the bioactivity of metabolites of a
parent antioxidant phytochemical can be markedly different than that of the
parent compound. Also, phytochemicals in a complex mixture may differ
individually in their extent of absorption, their manner of metabolism, and thus
their distribution in various body tissues. The bioavailability of single
compounds identified in oregano, such as rosmarinic acid and thymol, also
has been reported. In a clinical trial involving 12 healthy volunteers, the
systemic availability and pharmacokinetics of thymol following a single 1.08-
mg dose were examined. The metabolite thymol sulfate was detected in
plasma, with a half-life of 10.2 hours16 and a maximum plasma concentration
of approximately 93 ng/mL. In another small clinical trial, 6 healthy men were
given a single oral dose of 200 mg rosmarinic acid in an extract of Perilla
frutescens. They observed that rosmarinic acid was absorbed and detected
in sulfate- and glucuronide-conjugated forms, with 75% of the rosmarinic acid
metabolites being rapidly excreted within 6 hours after intake. Similar results
were obtained in a study in rats orally administered rosmarinic acid at 50
mg/kg body weight.18 The absorption efficiency of rosmarinic acid in rats was
determined to be much less than that of other phenolic acids such as caffeic
acid and p-coumaric acid following a 100-2mol dose per kilogram of body
weightt. This important area of study in humans warrants additional attention.
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Antimicrobial actions
Oregano and some of its constituents are reported in in vitro models to
suppress microbes that cause food spoilage and those that contribute to
human and animal disease. Both the essential oil and other extracts of
oregano can suppress the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria, yeast, and some fungi. Depending on the test system and
microorganism evaluated in these assays, the effective concentrations of
oregano ranged from 0.4 to 4000 2g/mL. Oregano oil added at 4% wt/wt has
been used to fortify flexible polypropylene film as an antimicrobial strategy.30
Oregano oil tested in a range of concentrations from 0.1 to 2.0% wt/wt was
effective in suppressing microbial growth in beef and sausage products.
However, in another study, oregano did not suppress growth of Yersinia
enterocolitica or Listeria monocytogenes in barbequed chicken. Oregano was
reported to inhibit Helicobacter pylori, the bacterium associated with gastritis
in humans, to kill human intestinal parasites in vitro (at ~175 2g/mL
concentration), and at a dose of 10 mg oregano oil/kg body weight to
effectively treat colibacillosis of newborn calves. In a short-term study in
humans infested with enteric parasites, daily intake of 600mg of emulsified
oregano oil resulted in noticeable decreases in occurrence of some of the
parasites. Individual components of oregano, such as carvacrol and thymol,
also have antimicrobial actions. The effective doses of thymol or carvacrol
may range from 20 to 50 2g/mL.20 Of interest is the observation that oregano

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phytochemicals can suppress microorganisms associated with oral disease
and ear infections. Although the antiviral efficacy of spice phytochemicals can
vary, rosmarinic acid was reported to reduce the mortality of mice infected
with an encephalitis virus48 and has been identified as an inhibitor of HIVE
type 1 reverse transcriptase.
Effects on inflammation and immunity
Several investigators have provided evidence that oregano extracts or
constituents thereof can suppress inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Thymol (at
doses of 2.5 – 20 g/mL) inhibited the release of elastase, a marker of
inflammatory disease, from human neutrophils induced by a chemotactic
peptide, an action in part mediated through inactivation of calcium-channel
machinery. Likewise, rosmarinic acid inhibited neutrophil elastase release and
weakly suppressed thrombin activity. On the other hand, neither an essential
oil of oregano nor the phytochemicals thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, or +-
terpinene possessed anti-inflammatory actions in a chorioallantoic membrane
assay, and in fact, thymol, at the dose used (10 2g), was shown to be an
irritant. Rosmarinic acid induced apoptosis of lymphocytes and was able to kill
T and natural killer cells, which are means by which harmful immune
responses can be mitigated.
Oregano essential oil, administered intrarectally (0.1Y1.0 mg/kg body
weight) or in the diet (0.05%Y2.0%) had a significant protective effect in

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rodents against chemically induced colonic damage, inflammatory cell
infiltration, and vascular dilation along with suppressing production of
proinflammatory cytokines IL-1" and IL-6. In several mouse studies of
inflammation rosmarinic acid (50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally or 1.5
mg/d orally) dramatically decreased inflammatory autoimmunoarthritis and
allergic asthma and markedly reduced inflammatory markers and
cyclooxygenase 2 expression. In human patients with seasonal allergic
rhinoconjunctivitis who were treated with 50 or 200 mg/d of rosmarinic acid,
there was a significant decrease in seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
symptoms compared with controls.60 In activated T cells obtained from
patients with rheumatoid arthritis, rosmarinic acid induced apoptosis, which
was suggested by the authors as a potential strategy to inhibit pathogenic T
cellYmediated progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
Antioxidant properties
The antioxidant properties of the volatile oils are not as robust as that
of water-soluble constituents. However, because of variability in composition
and origin of different Origanum spp, the antioxidant capacity reported can
vary substantially. In one study, oregano had the highest total antioxidant
capacity and phenolic content compared with 5 other Labiatae herbs, thyme,
sage, rosemary, mint, and sweet basil. Oregano extracts have demonstrated
radical scavenging action, suppression of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of nitric
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oxide activity, and protection of DNA against H2O2-induced oxidant damage.
The constituents reported to be responsible for the antioxidant strength of
oregano have been variously attributed to carvacrol, +-terpinene, rosmarinic
acid, ursolic acid, protocatechuate-glycosides, and thymol. Oregano also
contains homologs of the nutrient antioxidant tocopherol. In rats, oregano or
constituents (42.5 mg/kg body weight) increased aging brain antioxidant
activity and total antioxidant status. Dietary oregano leaf (1% wt/wt) alleviated
carbon tetrachlorideYinduced oxidative stress in rats. Rosmarinic acid, given
to rats orally at 100 mg/kg body weight, suppressed mesangioproliferative
glomerulonephritis apparently due to its fibrinolytic and antioxidative
properties. However, in healthy nonsmoking males, oregano extract
administered at a dose up to 600 mg/d total phenolics in a fruit drink had no
effect on markers of lipid peroxidation.
Nervous system benefits
Oregano and some constituents (such as carvacrol, thymol, and +-
terpinene) have been reported in preliminary studies to influence nervous
system chemistry and diverse functions, including responses to olfactory
stimulation. Intriguing evidence from animal studies suggests that rosmarinic
acid (2 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) produces antidepressive activity
and may inhibit an emotional abnormality produced by stress.
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Blood glucose and lipid regulation
There is limited evidence that oregano extracts or constituents
have the potential to benefit the management of diabetes and cardiovascular
disease. For example, water extracts of oregano and rosmarinic acid
exhibited considerable !-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Rosmarinic
acidYcontaining oregano extracts also inhibited porcine pancreatic amylase
activity. In 2 animal studies using diabetic rats, a water extract of Origanum
vulgare administered orally at 20 mg/kg body weight demonstrated
antihyperglycemic activity. In rats, the tissue injury resulting from treatment
with the diabetes-inducing drug streptozotocin was substantially lessened by
long-term administration of the essential oil of O onites L. In several assay
systems, extracts of Origanum spp and individual constituents such as +-
terpinene and carvacrol have been shown to inhibit blood platelet aggregation
and adhesion, decrease cholesterol biosynthesis, and reduce serum total
cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In normotensive rats, administration of
carvacrol (100 2g/kg intraperitoneally) decreased systolic and diastolic blood
pressures. In cockerels, dietary supplementation with thymol and carvacrol (1
mmol/kg diet) suppressed serum cholesterol levels, which in part could be
due to increased activity of geranyl pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase.
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Anticancer actions
Oregano constituents have antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, and
antiproliferative properties. For example, in cell culture studies, oregano
extracts protected cells from oxidative stressY, mitogen- and radiation-
induced DNA damage. Likewise, carvacrol and rosmarinic acid have each
been reported to protect DNA from a variety of damaging agents and to
suppress proliferation of cancer cells or cells with active oncogenes.
Carvacrol and thymol, for example, suppressed the in vitro growth of
melanoma cells, demonstrating IC50 values of 120Y150 2mol/L. Furthermore,
an extract of oregano was capable of upregulating the activity of the DNA
repair enzyme MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) as well as
the phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione-S-transferase. It also induced
levels of MGMT protein and activity and thus may have beneficial
chemoprevention activity in inhibiting alkylating agentYinduced DNA lesions.
Mice treated orally with thymol and carvacrol (200 mg/kg body weight)
evidenced significant increases in liver activities of glutathione-S-transferase,
NAD(P)H-quinone reductase, and 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase.
Rosmarinic acid blocked processes associated with cancer invasion and
metastasis. Also, rosmarinic acid administered topically (1.3 mg per mouse)
inhibited epidermal inflammatory responses in a murine 2-stage model of skin
cancer.
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Miscellaneous
Oregano oil, rosmarinic acid, or carvacrol (73 mg/kg body weight) has
been shown to protect liver cells in rodents from lead toxicity and to stimulate
liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. Carvacrol (73mg/kg body
weight) also protected rat liver from defects caused by ischemia and
reperfusion and was not hepatotoxic. Rosmarinic acid (100Y200 2M) can
protect cardiomyocytes in culture from doxorubicin and adriamycin-induced
toxicity and thus was suggested as a potential chemotherapeutic agent to
inhibit cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing drug treatments.
According to “Nutrition Today”, oregano is an herb that has been
cultivated for centuries in the Mediterranean area, although it now can be
found on most continents. Actually, there is not simply one "oregano," but
rather several species that may contribute to the oregano used for culinary
purposes. Origanum vulgare (also referred to as Spanish thyme and wild
marjoram), a member of the plant family Lamiaceae, is generally the spice
variety sold as oregano in Europe and the United States. Medicinal uses for
oregano date back to the ancient Greek and Roman empires where
applications of the leaves were used to treat such maladies as skin sores and
relieve aching muscles and as an antiseptic. Oregano also has been used in
traditional medicines for such ailments as asthma, cramping, diarrhea, and
indigestion. In Greece, an oregano infusion is still used as a folk remedy
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against colds and upset stomach and to maintain general health. Based on
the current scientific literature, oregano extracts and individual constituents
consistently have demonstrated antimicrobial actions in vitro toward food-
borne pathogens, although the capacity to counter human infections is not
well studied. Oregano contains several potent antioxidants that may
contribute to the findings in preliminary studies that oregano exhibits benefits
toward the cardiovascular and nervous systems, relieves symptoms of
inflammation, and modulates blood sugar and lipids. Well-controlled human
studies substantiating these health effects are lacking.
In the other hand, according to A.P Tulloch beeswax was originally the
only natural wax in commercial use. The word wax, derived from Old English
weax, referred only to wax of the (European) honeybee ApisMellifera, but
early in the 19th century it began to be used for other natural substances (such
as ozocerite) which resembled beeswax in some properties. Beeswax has
been a valuable substance for many centuries; one early example is its
presence in the 9th century Viking ship found at Oseberg. It is still an important
commodity; although in the USA there have been a decline in production
(from 2060 metric tons in 1927 to 1532 in 1976) and a large decrease in
imports (2717 metric tons in 1967 to 1412 in 1976)
At the present time, beeswax has many uses in industry, pharmacy,
and in medicine, so an accurate knowledge of its composition is important.
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Also, since beeswax usually costs about 1 to 3 times as much as vegetable
waxes, and about 8 times as much as petroleum wax, it may be adulterated
by the cheaper waxes. It is easier to develop satisfactory analysis when the
composition has been reasonably completely determined.
FOREIGN AND LOCAL STUDIES
1. Oregano plant
Oregano is the common name for a general aroma and flavor primarily
derived from aplethora of plant genera and species used all over the world as
a spice, but usually refers to the genus Origanum, the European oregano, the
name of which is derived from the Greek words oros, mountain and hill, and
ganos, ornament. At least 61 species of 17 genera belonging to six families
are mentioned under the name oregano. The family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is
considered to be the most important group containing the genus Origanum
that provides the source of well-known oregano spices – Turkish and Greek
types. Two genera of the Verbenaceae family (Lanata and Lippia) are used
for production of oregano herbs (Bernath, 1996). Oregano is an annual,
perennial and shrubby herb that is native of the Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian
and Irano-Siberian regions (Bayramoglu et al., 2008) .
The genus Origanum L., belonging to the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae),
contains aromatic and medicinal plants. They are small shrubs or perennial
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herbs with several stems, ascending or erect, subsessile or petiolate leaves
and flowers in verticillasters aggregated in dense or loose spikes which are
arranged in a paniculate or corymb form inflorescence. Most of the Origanum
species are native to the Mediterranean Basin, and they have a very local
distribution around it (Baser, 2002). Origanum syriacum L. is an aromatic,
herbaceous and 6 perennial plant growing wild in the Sinai Desert of Egypt
(Kamela et al., 2001). Origanum syriacum subsp. sinaicum (Boiss.) Greuter &
Burdet (Boulos, 2002).
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Origanum
Species: Origanum syriacum L.
2. Utilization of oregano
Actually, there is not simply one "oregano," but rather several species that
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may contribute to the oregano used for culinary purposes. Origanum vulgare,
a member of the plant family Lamiaceae, is generally the spice variety sold as
oregano in Europe and the United States. Medicinal uses for oregano date
back to the ancient Greek and Roman empires where applications of the
leaves were used to treat such maladies as skin sores and relieve aching
muscles and as an 7 antiseptic. Oregano also has been used in traditional
medicines for such ailments as asthma, cramping, diarrhea, and indigestion.
In Greece, an oregano infusion is still used as a folk remedy against colds and
upset stomach and to maintain general health. Based on the current scientific
substantiating these health effects are lacking (Singletary, 2010). The
worldwide market of oregano has increased with exceptional examples such
as USA where the procapita consumption has augmented over 3800%
between the years 1940 to 1985 (Kintzios,2002). As well as European
countries importation. In this market context, oregano is the most widespread
species (Spade et al., 1996).

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Oregano has several properties that deserve further characterization
and confirmation. It is clear that oregano's chemical constituents can suppress
the growth of a broad range of microorganisms in vitro. The conditions under
which it can act effectively to counteract microbial contamination in food
products need to be better examined. Particularly valuable will be
characterization of the conditions under which its constituents may 8 combat
human infection (Aligiannis et al., 2001). There is limited but suggestive
evidence that oregano bioactive components may suppress inflammation and
improve blood glucose and lipid regulation. Such properties warrant additional
preclinical evaluation to determine the active agents, potential mechanisms,
and consistency among experimental models. In particular, confirmation of the
potential capacity of oregano to decrease hyperglycemia and enhance insulin
sensitivity and the doses necessary to do so warrant further investigation.
Lastly, despite numerous reports that oregano's phytochemicals have
antioxidant actions in vitro, the in vivo evidence in animals is limited and in
humans is unsubstantiated (Nurmi et al., 2006). This lack of effect clinically in
part may be due to poor oral bioavailability that has been observed. Thus, it
will be of value to determine the specific oregano extracts, active constituents,
effective doses, and conditions for which oregano may have measurable
impact on markers of antioxidant status in humans after supplementation
(Nurmi et al., 2006). There are various reports on the traditional medicinal
uses European oregano has as a carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant,

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emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. In addition, it has been used
as a folk remedy against colic, coughs, headaches, nervousness, toothaches
and irregular menstrual cycles. Turkish villagers have traditionally used kekik
water, the aromatic water obtained after removing essential oil from the
distillate of oregano herbs, which has in recent years become a commercial
commodity (Baser, 2002 and Kintzios, 2002) .Nevertheless, many of the
studies confirmed benefits of oregano for human health and its use 9 for the
treatment of a vast list of ailments, including respiratory tract disorders such
as cough or bronchial catarrh (as expectorant and spasmolytic agent), in
gastrointestinal disorders (as choleretic, digestive, eupeptic and spasmolytic
agent), as an oral antiseptic, in urinary tract disorders (as diuretic and
antiseptic) and in dermatological affections (alleviation of itching, healing
crusts, insect stings), viral infections and even cancer (Baricevic and Bartol,
2002).
Also, oregano plant has been used for the treatment of various
diseases due to its antioxidant, anti-microbial and anti-parasitic properties.
Considering these medicinal properties, studies are ongoing to use oregano
for the treatment of severe diseases such as cancer, heart disease and
muscular degeneration. Also, it is used for the treatment of flatulence, bloating
and other indigestion problems. It enhances the secretion of saliva and serves
in improving digestion. It is also effective in overcoming menstrual cramps and
promoting men-striation. Some people use oregano as a natural remedy to

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treat cold and flu symptoms. Herbal tea prepared with oregano helps in
alleviation of headache, urinary problems, lung disorders, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting and jaundice. Oregano boiled in plain water can be used as
mouthwash. Gargling with this water can help to prevent tooth infection and
sore throat. Oregano oil applied directly to the infected tooth helps in
combating toothache. Ground oregano leaves soothe arthritis pain, insect
bites and other skin problems. Its bitter taste and strong aroma help in
controlling head lice. Creosote bush has been used with many medicinal 10
purposes: analgesic, diuretic, emetic, antipyretic antiviral, antimicrobial, gout,
arthritis, sinusitis, anemia and fungus infections in skin (Raissouni, 2005).
Oregano has been used in the traditional medicine for treatment of a variety of
human diseases of bacterial and fungal origin (Lacoste et al., 1996). Thymol
and carvacrol are commonly used in the food industry and in cosmetics as
preservatives and antioxidants (Lacoste et al.,1996 and Manou et al.,1998).
Thymol is also used in mouth rinse for oral hygiene against caries-related
pathogens (Kato et al., 1990). They possess multiple biological properties
such as antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, and
antiplatelet (Baker, 2008). Thymol and carvacrol were reported to exhibit in
vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (Jukic et al., 2006) and to show
antispasmodic activity in the isolated ileum, vas deferens and tracheal
preparations (Astudillo et al., 2004).
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Soliman et al. (2007) mentioned that the essential oil and 70% ethanol
extract of O. Syriacum L. subsp sinaicum exhibited powerful tocolytic effects
in the rat uterus possibly through antagonizing receptor-dependent
mechanism (oxytocin-induced contraction) and independent mechanism (KCl-
induced contraction).
Many studies in vitro revealed new potential therapeutic effects of
Origanum, in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, as an anti-inflammatory
agent in a cellular model of atherosclerosis, a suppressor of food bacterial
growth and enterotoxin synthesis, and as a way of increasing the sensitivity of
some antibiotics 11 against resistant bacteria (Aslim and Yucel, 2008 and De
Souza et al., 2010). Awaad et al. (2011) reported that the acute treatment of
the total ethanol extract of Origanum syriacum L. plant was well tolerated.
Moreover, indicates that the test plants may be useful in the protection against
inflammatory diseases, especially if free radicals are a part of its
pathophysiology. However, the sufficient activity of Origanum syriacum L
extract in hepatic protection against administration of paracetamol in an over
dose as liver injury drug. All results shows the role of Origanum extract in liver
amelioration to be in a healthy status and it is more effective than sylimarin as
hepatoprotective or therapeutic drug but it is superior as therapeutic than
hepatoprotective also it is sufficient to decrease the oxidative stress on liver
as mentioned in magnification of glutathioneantioxidant system and
detoxification in liver with glutathione path way (Abeer et al., 2010).

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3. Active ingredients of oregano
Although abundant chemical compounds have been isolated from
oregano, the most important group, from a commercial and application point
of view, refers to its volatile oils, basically composed of terpenoids. However,
composition may vary significantly among different genotypes. Oregano
species are rich in phenolic monoterpenoids such as carvacrol and secondly
thymol (Fig.1). It is quite easy to distinguish the difference between the
pungent smell of 12 oregano and the sweet smell of marjoram. In the first
group are a number of chemically related compounds such as γ-terpinene,
pcymene, thymol and carvacrol methyl ethers, thymol and carvacrol acetates;
also compounds such as p-cymenene, p-cymen-8-ol, pcymen-7-ol,
thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone are also present. In the second group,
α-thujene, cis-sabinene, and trans-sabinene hydrate acetates, cis and trans-
sabinol and sabina ketone can also be found (Skoula and Harbone, 2002).
Fig. 1. Structure of (a) thymol and (b) carvacrol.
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Bin et al. (2005) carried out comprehensive analysis of polyphenols in
the extracts of Lamiaceae spices. Furthermore, 26 compounds in oregano,
such as phenolic acids (caffeic acid, pcoumaric acid, rosmarinic acid,
kaempferol and caffeoyl derivatives), volatile compounds (carvacrol) and
flavonoids.
A range of phenolic compounds has been identified in oregano
including rosmarinic, caffeic, and p-coumaric acids and caffeoyl derivatives,
the phenolic monterpenes, carvacrol and thymol, and flavonoids, luteolin,
apigenin, myricetin and quercetin (Shan et al., 2005; Yanishlieva et al., 2006
and USDA 2007) (Fig.2). Although most research interest has centered upon
oregano as an essential oil, 13 and its constituent compounds carvacrol and
thymol, which are believed to cause its antioxidant activity, it has been shown
that water extracts, which isolate a range of different compounds, are rich in
phenolic acids and flavonoids also have strong antioxidant activity
(Triantaphyllou et al., 2001).
Carotenoids have attracted the interest of researchers from diverse
fields including chemistry, biochemistry, food science and technology,
medicine, pharmacy and nutrition for more than a century and these
fascinating compounds continue to be intensely investigated. In nature,
carotenoids are mainly responsible for the red, yellow and orange colors.
However, in green plant tissues, the color of carotenoids is masked by the
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more dominant pigment, chlorophyll and becomes evident only during the
degradation of chlorophyll. This phenomenon can be seen during the ripening
of fruits as well as in autumn leaves. In food, in addition to their function as
the natural pigments and pro-vitamin A precursor role of certain carotenoids,
these compounds can be used as food additives for coloring (European
Parliament and Council Directive, 1994). The carotenoids are a group of
yellow-orange-red pigments found in a variety of fruits and vegetables as well
as in algae, fungi and bacteria. Carotenoids cannot be synthesized in the
body and are present solely as a result of ingestion from other sources, either
ingestion of the plant itself or a product from an animal that has consumed
that plant source, e.g. egg yolks are yellow because of the carotenoids they
contain. Often, the colors of the carotenoids.
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Fig. 2. Structure of (a) p-coumaric acid, (b) caffeic acid, (c) Rosmarinic
acid, (d) apigenin, (e) Luteolin and (f) Quercetin.
Present in plants are masked by chlorophyll, to the extent that some of
the highest levels of carotenoids are found in dark green leafy vegetables
such as kale and spinach (Sies and Stahl, 2003). Carotenoids in oregano
according to National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release
(USDA, 2007) contain 4112 mcg βcarotene, 60 mcg β-Cryptoxanthin and
826mcg Lutein and zeaxanthin.
Zein et al. (2011) studied minerals composition of wild and cultivated
O. syriacum, and we identify 15 elements. It seems that the 15 cultivated
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population, before and after flowering, has a higher amount of minerals than
the wild population and the cultivated leaves before flowering have a higher
amount of minerals than cultivated leaves after flowering. Blooming peaks are
the poorest in minerals. Cultivated Origanum may be a dietary source of
minerals and trace elements. For example, 1 g of cultivated leaves before
flowering may contain 1.25mg of Mn; 40mg of Ca; 5mg of Fe; 65mg of K
(recommended daily dose: 5mg for Mn,100-150mg for Ca;10 to 18mg for Fe;
2 to 4g for K). Some others elements are detected as traces (Co<0.03;
Cd<0.01; As<0.01and Hg<0.01).
Zein et al. (2011) studied fatty acids composition from leaves and
bloom peaks from wild and cultivated O. syriacum. 16 fatty acids were
identified. Chromatography analysis of fatty acids methyl esters showed that
myristic acid was the predominant component in both wild and cultivated
leaves after flowering (61.50 and 79.07%, respectively) and in blooming
peaks (84.15 and 76.33%, respectively). There was no trace of myristic acid
before flowering. Myristic acid is particularly effective at causing the liver to
synthesize cholesterol. It is mainly used for soap manufactures, flavorings,
cosmetics, perfumes, also as raw materials in spices and in the
pharmaceutical domain. Myristoleic acid was found at a lesser amount after
flowering, it may have a cytotoxic effect against prostatic cancer (Iguchi et al.,
2001). The human body can produce all but those 2 fatty acids out of the ones
it needs. They must be 16 supplied in diet. Hence, linoleic acid and linolenic
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acid are essential fatty acids for humans. In the body, essential fat y acids are
primarily used to produce hormone-like substances that regulate a wide range
of functions, including blood pressure, blood clotting, blood lipid levels, the
immune response, and the inflammation response to injury infection. The
predominant fatty acid in leaves before flowering was the linolenic acid
(51.73% for wild and 49.34% for cultivated Origanum). Linoleic acid amount
was less than 10%. These results allow the classification of the O. Syriacum
leaves before flowering for both 2 populations as source of essential fatty
acids. It is not the same for leaves after flowering.
4. Antioxidant activity of oregano
Natural antioxidants are able to protect from free radicals and retard
the progress of many chronic diseases and lipid oxidative rancidity in foods
(Gulcin et al., 2003).
Herbs and spices intake, especially in therapeutic dosages, may help
decrease inflammation, removal of free radicals before damage occurs of
cells DNA and RNA, elimination of damaged molecules, and the prevention of
mutations. Many culinary herbs and spices, for example, rosemary, oregano,
cinnamon, basil and cloves, are inherently high in antioxidant activity
measured in vitro (Kim et al., 2011). Considering the possibility of undesirable
influences of oxidized lipids on the human organism, it is of essential.
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According to Dr. Stephen Sinatra the name “oregano” is of Greek origin and
means “delight of the mountain.” And a delight it is… You simply can’t be an
Italian cook (or any cook for that matter) and not appreciate oregano. It’s what
gives sauce that slightly bitter kick and distinctive mouth-watering aroma.
Oregano is sometimes called wild marjoram, as it is closely related to another
popular spice—sweet marjoram. There are more than 35 varieties, all of them
native to Mediterranean or central Asian countries. While its history of use
spans several centuries, oregano only became popular in the states after
World War II, when American soldiers brought it home postwar.
Let’s take a closer look at the health benefits of oregano and what science
has to say. But well before it became known as a culinary spice, oregano was
used medicinally—and even as a natural insect repellent! (It is widely believed
that chemical compounds in oregano repel insects, making it an excellent
addition to your garden or patio area.) As far back as the ancient Greek and
Roman empires, oregano leaves were applied to skin to treat sores and
alleviate muscle pain. And oregano is still a folk remedy in many countries
against upset stomach.
In the other hand, the two most potent compounds in oregano oil are
carvacrol and thymol. Carvacrol in particular has been studied for its
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties. As such, it has
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a long history of treating various parasitic, bacterial, viral, and fungal
infections (including Candida).
Research has shown that carvacrol really does have the ability to kill certain
harmful bacteria. In one trial, oregano oil inhibited the growth of the
Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of pathogenic bacteria.
The researchers said they looked forward to further testing of oregano
essential oils “as alternative antibacterial remedies enhancing healing process
in bacterial infections and as an effective means for the prevention of
antibiotic-resistant strain development.”
Viruses should also be wary of oregano. A 2012 study found that carvacrol
and thymol possessed major antiviral activity against the herpes simplex type
1 virus—and inactivated it by 90% within one hour! The researchers wrote,
“Our results suggest that thymol and carvacrol are potential candidates for
topical therapeutic application to reduce herpes simplex virus transmission.”
Carvacrol was also tested on viruses that commonly contaminate produce
and can lead to foodborne illness, including hepatitis A and norovirus (the
extremely nasty and contagious bug that causes nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea). A 0.5% concentration completely inactivated two norovirus strains,
and a 1% concentration inactivated hepatitis A.
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Carvacrol boasts anti-inflammatory properties, as well, which is especially
important in the prevention of heart disease, cancer, and autoimmune
conditions (to name a few).
In preliminary research with mice, oregano oil reduced the production of
inflammatory chemicals called cytokines, which in turn decreased the risk of
colitis—an inflammatory bowel disease. Carvacrol in oregano oil has also
been shown to destroy cancerous cells in the prostate, colon, and breast.
According to Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Beeswax is
the substance that forms the structure of a honeycomb; the bees secrete wax
to build the honeycombs where to store honey. Thanks to its rich hydrophobic
protective properties, the beeswax is in fact present within cosmetics and
body products. Also, beeswax is used in the food industry: as a film to wrap
cheese for maturing or as a food additive (E901) to give shine to the products.
Exactly as the honey which it contains, beeswax is also characterized by
several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be
particularly effective in healing bruises, inflammation and burns. Recently, the
interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of
beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on
the action of beeswax. The few studies showed an antimicrobic effectiveness
of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica,
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Candida albicans and Aspergillusniger; these inhibitory effects are enhanced
synergistically with other natural products such as honey or olive oil.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. ADULTERATED
- Weakened or lessened in purity by addition of a foreign or
inferior substance of element.
2. AGGREGATION
- the formation of a number of things into a cluster.
3. ALLEVIATE
- To reduce the pain or trouble of (something).
4. ANTISEPTIC
- relating to or denoting substances that prevent the growth of
disease-causing microorganisms.
5. AQUEOUS
- of or containing water, typically as a solvent or medium.
6. BIO AVAILABILITY
- the proportion of a drug or other substance which enters the
circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have
an active effect.
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7. CARVACROL
- Is a phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.
8. CONSTITUENT
- An essential part
9. INFLORESCENCE
- the complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks,
bracts, and flowers.
10. INHIBITORY
- hindering or preventing an action.
11. LABIATAE
- family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint or
deadnettle or sage family.
12. LAMIALES
- are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering
plants.
13. PARLIAMENT
- is a legislative body of government.
14. PERENNIAL
- lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time;
enduring or continually recurring.
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15. PETIOLATE
- is a stalk that attaches a leaf to the plant stem.
16. POTENT
- Achieving or bring about a particular result.
17. PUNGENT
- having a sharply strong taste or smell.
18. ROSMARINIC
- is a polyphenol similar to caffeic acid and is in high levels in
Perilla Oil and Rosemary, from which it draws its name.
19. SALMONELLA
- is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract.
20. STREPTOZOTOCIN
- is a naturally occurring alkylating antineoplastic agent that is
particularly toxic to the insulin-producing beta cells of the
pancreas in mammals
21. SYNERGISTICALLY
- pertaining to, characteristic of, or resembling synergy
22. TERPINENE
- are a group of isomeric hydrocarbons that are classified as
monoterpenes.
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23. THYMOL
- Thymol is a natural monoterpenoid phenol derivative of cymene,
C₁ ₀ H₁ ₄ O, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted
from Thymus vulgaris.
24. UNSUBSTANTIATED
- not supported or proven by evidence.
25. VOLATILE
- easily evaporated at normal temperatures.
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Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
Methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify,
select, process, and analyze information about a topic. In this research paper,
the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study’s
overall validity and reliability. The methodology section answers two main
questions: How was the data collected or generated? How was it analyzed?
RESEARCH DESIGN
As a researcher, we used descriptive research to describe the other
characteristics of the said study. In this research, it is not answerable by the
questions how, when and why does the characteristic occur. It is used or
addresses the “what” question. Eventually, this research gives you information
about “what are the other characteristics of oregano to repel a mosquito.”
Meanwhile, you can also guess the other capability of oregano.
In order to complete this research, we also used Experimental
Research. In this research you are going to make your insight about the
cause and effect of your product. Meanwhile, we also gather and collect an
idea or data to know the possible outcome of this study.
In the other hand, we chose this product to inform the society regarding
what can be the uses or capabilities of oregano by experimenting it. We

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collect and gather some information from internet to make our knowledge
broad. Hence, we found out that we can use oregano not only for spices or in
medicinal form but also in repelling or warding the insect off, specifically
mosquito.
RESEARCH LOCALE
The researchers conducted a survey with this product in JBEST School
for Technology and Practical Skills, Lagro Inc. Way back 2016 when they built
their first branch in Cubao and establish it as a technical school. Year 2017,
the first track was then approved which is Home Economics and Industrial Art.
They conducted some tutorial that had short courses for everyone which
implies that it is only measurable by hours. February 2017, the school’s
branch in Lagro was built. This is also the time when JBEST Cubao became
the main branch. JBEST Lagro had only 56 pioneers at that time, with their
Lagro President Mr. James Vargas. At year 2018-2019, the official count of
pioneers decreased to 49 caused by their financial issues. At the same school
year bracket, new enrollees started to count until 378 students. New courses
were added including Information Communication Technology, Humanities
and Social Sciences, and Accountancy and Business Management. In
addition to year 2019, new incoming Senior high students were added with
the total number of 200 students.
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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY
The respondent of the study is composed of twenty (20) individuals
from grade 11 in JBEST School of Technology and Practical Skills, Lagro
Incorporated school year 2019-2020.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researchers went through the following procedures:
1. The product will be presented to the respondents from JBEST School
of Technology and Practical Skills, Lagro Incorporated.
2. The researcher will give the survey questioners to the respondents.
3. The respondents will rate the product evaluated based on their prior
knowledge.
4. The survey questioners will be scored, tallied, tabulated, and
evaluated.
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INSTRUMENTATION
Name: (optional) Date:
Age: Course:
Instructions: Put a check if our product is outstanding (5), very satisfactory (4),
satisfactory (3), fairly satisfactory (2), did not meet the expectation (1) in the said
indicators.
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
(Out- (Very (Satis- (Fairly (Did not meet the
standing) Satisfactory) factory) Satisfactory) expectation)
Affordability
Appearance
Ease of use
Portability
Scent
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
This research utilized Fish Bowl Method where in there are twenty (20)
respondents selected. The selected respondents will evaluate the given
product based on their prior knowledge about its kind. We selected our
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respondents from JBEST School of Technology and Practical Skills, Lagro
Inc. 4th floor Lester Building km 22 Quirino Highway, Baranggay Pasong Putik
Lagro Novaliches Quezon City and were selected to determine the efficiency
of oregano in producing candle as mosquito repellent.
MATERIALS AND METHOD EMPLOYED
LIST OF INGREDIENTS AND COSTING
List of ingredients Quantity Costing
Beeswax 1 Kilogram ₱ 350.00
Oregano 80 grams ---
Water 500 mL ---
Wick 500 grams Cone size ₱ 100.00
TOTAL: ₱ 450.00
LIST OF MATERIALS
List of materials Quantity
Measuring cup 1
Casserole 1
Molder 1
Stove 1
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PROCEDURE:
1. Boil 500 mL of water.
2. While boiling, put 100 grams of beeswax into the molder and let it melt.
3. If the beeswax is fully melted, you can now add 80 grams of ground
oregano.
4. Stir the mixture and let it cool.
5. Do the curing for one (1) week.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE DATA
The researchers used statistical calculations to sharpen their
judgments concerning the quality of experimental measurements.
1. Percentage
A number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often
denoted using the percent sign, %.
𝑓
Formula: 𝑃 = 𝑛 × 100
P= percentage of distribution
f= number of frequency of respondents
n= total of respondents
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2. Weighted Mean
It is the mean of each value when it is multiplied by some
weight.
𝛴𝑤1 𝑥1
Formula: 𝑥´𝑤 = 𝛴𝑤1
𝑥´𝑤 = weighted mean variable
𝑤1 = allocated weighted value
𝑤2 = observed values
3. Chi- Square
Any statistical hypothesis test where the sampling distribution of
the test statistic is a chi- squared distribution when the null hypothesis is true.
𝛴(𝑜−𝑒)2
Formula: 𝑥 2 = 𝑒
o= frequency observed
e= frequency expected
Σ= the “sum of”
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATIONS, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The findings of the study without so much detailed information is
written on the summary. Generalization and other interferences would be
seen on the conclusion while the recommendation of the researcher to the
beneficiaries of this study can also be seen on this chapter. Generally, this
chapter aims to cover-up the end result of the study.
1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Table 1.1 Distribution of the respondents according to Age
AGE FREQUENCY RATING%
15 1 5%
16 8 40%
17 4 20%
18 7 35%
TOTAL 20 100%
𝑋´ = 16.85
Table 1.1 showed that the distribution of the respondents according to age
have the age bracket of 15,16,17 and 18 The age of 15 have the frequency of
1 and 5% of rating. 16 years old respondents have the frequency of 8 with

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40% ratings. The age of 17 have the frequency of 4 and 20% rating. Lastly,
The age of 18 with the frequency of 7 and 35% ratings with overall weighted
mean of 16.85
Table 1.2 Distribution of the respondents according to Gender
GENDER FREQUENCY RATING%
M 9 45%
F 11 55%
Total 20 100%
μ= 10
Table 1.2 Showed that the distribution of respondents according to gender
that the male respondents have the frequency of 9 and 45% rating while
female respondents have the frequency of 11 and rating of 55% with overall
mean of 10.
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2. THE EFFICIENCY OF OREGANO IN PRODUCING A CANDLE AS
MOSQUITO REPELLENT
Table 2.1 The Efficiency of Oregano in Producing Candle as Mosquito
Repellent in terms of the following indicators
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
Affordability 12 5 3 20
Appearance 9 8 3 20
Ease of use 16 3 1 20
Portability 9 8 2 1 20
Scent 9 7 4 20
TOTAL 55 31 9 5 100
𝑥 2= 16.12
df= 16
Cv= 26.30
Table 2.1 Showed that affordability got 12 votes on the highest score (5), 5
votes in the second highest score (4), 3 votes in the third highest score (3)
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and 0 votes in the second lowest (2) and lowest score (1) with the total of 20.
Appearance got 9 votes on the highest score (5), 8 votes in the second
highest score (4), 0 vote in the third highest score (3) and 3 votes in the
second lowest score (2), and 0 vote in the lowest score (1) with the total of 20.
Ease of use got 16 votes on the highest score (5), 3 votes in the second
highest score (4), 0 votes in the third highest score (3) and 1 vote in the
Portability got 9 votes on the highest score (5), 8 votes in the second highest
score (4), 2 votes in the third highest score (3) and 1 vote in the second
lowest score (2), and 0 vote in the lowest score (1) with the total of 20. Scent
got 9 votes on the highest score (5), 7 votes in the second highest score (4), 4
votes in the third highest score (3) and 0 votes in the second lowest (2) and
lowest score (1) with the total of 20. The 𝑥 2 is 16.2, with the Degree of
Freedom of 16 and a Critical Value of 26.30
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3. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF OREGANO IN
PRODUCING A CANDLE AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT IN TERMS OF AGE
AND GENDER
Table 3.1 Affordability According to Age
Affordability 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
15 1 1
16 6 1 1 8
17 2 1 2 5
18 3 2 1 6
TOTAL 12 4 4 20
𝑥 2= 3.39
df= 12
Cv= 21.03
Table 3.1 The tally table of Affordability in terms of age shows that the highest
score which is 5 got 1 vote in the age of 15, 6 votes in the age of 16, 2 votes
in the age of 17, and 3 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 12 votes. The
second highest score which is 4 have 0 vote in the age of 15, 1 vote for both
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age of 16 and 17 while in the age of 18 there are 2 votes with the total of 4
votes. The third highest score which is 3 got 0 vote in the age of 15, 1 vote for
the age of 16 and 18 and 2 votes in the age of 17 with the total of 4 votes. The
second lowest (2) and lowest (1) score got 0 votes in all ages. The 𝑥 2 is 3.9,
with the Degree of Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03
Table 3.1 Affordability According to Gender
MALE 6 4 1 11
FEMALE 5 2 2 9
TOTAL 11 6 3 20
𝑥 2= 0.26
df= 4
Cv= 9.49
Table 3.1 The tally table of affordability in terms of Gender shows that the
male respondents have 6 votes for the highest score (5), 4 votes to the
second highest score (4), 1 vote for the third highest score (3), and no votes
for the second lowest and lowest scores which sets the total of 11 while
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female respondents have 5 votes in the highest score (5), 2 votes to both
second and third highest score, and no votes for the second lowest and
lowest scores which sets the total of 9 and with overall total of 20. The 𝑥 2 is
0.26, with the Degree of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
Table 3.2 Appearance According to Age
Appearance 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
15 1 1
16 4 3 1 8
17 2 3 5
18 3 2 1 6
TOTAL 10 8 2 20
𝑥 2= 6.38
df= 12
Cv= 21.03
Table 3.2 The tally table of appearance in terms of Age shows that the highest
score (5) got I vote in the age of 15. 4 votes in the age of 16, 2 votes in the
age of 17, and 3 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 10 votes. the second
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highest score (4) have 0 vote in the age of 15. 3 votes in the age of 16 and 17
and 2 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 8 votes. The third highest score
(3) got 0 votes in the age of both 15 and 17 and 1 vote for both ages of 16
and 18 with the total of 2 votes. The second lowest (2) and the lowest (1)
score got 0 votes in all age. The 𝑥 2 is 6.38, with the Degree of Freedom of 12
and a Critical Value of 21.03
Table 3.2 Appearance According to Gender
MALE 4 3 3 10
FEMALE 6 4 10
TOTAL 10 7 3 20
𝑥 2= 0.54
df= 4
Cv= 9.49
Table 3.2 The tally table of appearance in terms of Gender shows that the
male respondents have 4 votes for the highest score (5), 3 votes to the
second highest score (4), no vote for the third highest score (3), 3 votes for
57
INC.
the second lowest, and no vote for lowest score which sets the total of 10
while female respondents have 6 votes in the highest score (5), 4 votes to
both second highest score, and no votes for the third highest, second lowest
and lowest scores which sets the total of 10 and with overall total of 20. The
𝑥 2 is 0.54, with the Degree of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
Table 3.3 Ease of use According to Age
Ease of use 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
15 2 2
16 4 2 1 7
17 4 1 5
18 6 6
TOTAL 16 3 1 20
𝑥 2= 4.82
df= 12
Cv= 21.03
Table 3.3 The tally table of ease of use in terms of age shows that the highest
score (5) got 2 votes in the age of 15, 4 votes in the age of 16 and 17 and 6
58
INC.
votes in the age of 18 with the total of 16 votes the second highest (4) score
got 0 vote in both ages of 15 and 18, 2 votes in the age of 16 and 1 vote in the
age of 17 with the total of 3 votes. The third highest (3) score got 0 votes in all
ages, while the second lowest (2) got 1 vote in the age of 16 and 0 votes
again in the lowest (1) score in all ages. The 𝑥 2 is 4.82, with the Degree of
Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03.
Table 3.3 Ease of use According to Gender
MALE 5 5 1 1 12
FEMALE 6 1 1 8
TOTAL 11 6 2 1 20
𝑥 2= 2.79
df= 4
Cv= 9.49
Table 3.3 The tally table of ease of use in terms of gender shows that the
male respondents have 5 votes to the highest score (5), 5 votes to the second
59
INC.
highest score (4), 1 vote to the third highest score (3) and second lowest
score (2), and no vote for the lowest score which set the total of 12.
The tally table of ease of use in terms of gender shows that the female
respondents have 6 votes to the highest score (5), 1 vote to the second and
third highest score, and no votes for the second lowest score and lowest
score which sets the total of 8. The 𝑥 2 is 2.79, with the Degree of Freedom of
4 and a Critical Value of 9.94.
Table 3.4 Portability According to Age
Portability 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
15 1 1
16 3 4 1 8
17 1 3 1 5
18 4 2 6
TOTAL 9 9 1 1 20
𝑥 2= 7.5
df= 12
Cv= 21.03
60
INC.
Table 3.4 The tally table of portability in terms of age shows that the highest
score (5) got 1 vote each in the ages of 15 and 17, 3 votes of the age 16 and
4 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 9 votes. The second highest (4) got 0
vote in the ages of 15, 4 votes in the age of 16, 3 votes in the age of 17 and 2
votes in the age of 18 with the total of 9 votes. The third highest score (3) got
0 votes each in the age of 15, 16 and 18 while there are 1 vote in the age of
17 the second lowest (2) got 0 votes each in the ages of 15, 17 and 18, 1 vote
in the age of 16. While there are 0 votes in all ages in the lowest score. The 𝑥 2
is 7.5, with the Degree of Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03
Table 3.4 Portability According to Gender
MALE 6 3 1 10
FEMALE 3 6 1 10
TOTAL 9 9 1 1 20
𝑥 2= 4
df= 4
Cv= 9.49
61
INC.
Table 3.4 The tally table of portability in terms of gender shows that the male
respondents have 6 votes to the highest score (5). 3 votes to the second
highest score (4). No votes for the third highest score. I vote to the second
lowest score (2) and no to vote for the lowest score which sets the total of 10.
The totally table of portability in terms of gender shows that the male
respondent have 3 votes to the highest score. 6 votes to the second highest
score. 1 vote to the third highest score and no vote for the second lowest
score and lowest score which set the total of 10. The 𝑥 2 is 4, with the Degree
of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
62
INC.
Table 3.5 Scent According to Age
Scent 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
15 1 1
16 2 5 2 9
17 4 1 5
18 3 2 5
TOTAL 10 6 4 20
𝑥 2= 8.51
df= 12
Cv= 21.03
Table 3.5 The tally table of scent in terms of age shows that the highest score
(5) got 1 vote in the age of 15, 2 votes in the age of 16, 4 votes in the age of
17 and 3 votes in the age of 18 with the total votes of 10. The second highest
score (4) got 0 votes in the ages of 15 and 18, 5 votes in the age of 16 and 1
vote in the age of 17 with the total of 6 votes. There are 0 votes each in the
ages of 15 and 17 and 2 votes each in the ages of 16 and 18 with the total of
4 votes in the third highest (3) score. However, there are 0 votes in the lowest
63
INC.
and second lowest scores in all ages. The 𝑥 2 is 8.51, with the Degree of
Freedom of 12 and a Critcal Value of 21.03
Table 3.5 Scent According to Gender
Scent 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
MALE 7 2 9
FEMALE 9 2 11
TOTAL 16 4 20
𝑥 2= 0.04
df= 4
Cv= 9.49
Table 3.5 The tally table of scent in terms of gender shows that the male
respondents have 7 votes to the highest score (2), 2 votes to second highest
score (4), no vote for the third highest score, second lowest score, and lowest
score which set with the total of 9. The tally table of scent in terms of gender
shows that the female respondents have 9 votes to the highest score, 2 votes
to the second highest score and no vote for the third highest score, second
64
INC.
lowest score, and lowest which set with the total of 9. The 𝑥 2 is 0.04, with the
Degree of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
65
INC.
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary or the research work undertaken,
the conclusion drawn and the recommendations made as an outgrowth of this
study.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Based on the data gathered and presented the researches came up
with the following summary of findings.
1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
1.1 Age showed that the distribution of the respondents according to age
have the age bracket of 15,16,17 and 18 The age of 15 have the frequency of
1 and 5% of rating. 16 years old respondents have the frequency of 8 with
40% ratings. The age of 17 have the frequency of 4 and 20% rating. Lastly,
The age of 18 with the frequency of 7 and 35% ratings with overall weighted
mean of 16.85
1.2 Gender Showed that the distribution of respondents according to gender
that the male respondents have the frequency of 9 and 45% rating while
female respondents have the frequency of 11 and rating of 55% with overall
mean of 10.
66
INC.
2. THE EFFICIENCY OF OREGANO IN PRODUCING A CANDLE AS
MOSQUITO REPELLENT
2.1 Indicators Showed that affordability got 12 votes on the highest score (5),
5 votes in the second highest score (4), 3 votes in the third highest score (3)
and 0 votes in the second lowest (2) and lowest score (1) with the total of 20.
Appearance got 9 votes on the highest score (5), 8 votes in the second
highest score (4), 0 vote in the third highest score (3) and 3 votes in the
Ease of use got 16 votes on the highest score (5), 3 votes in the second
highest score (4), 0 votes in the third highest score (3) and 1 vote in the
Portability got 9 votes on the highest score (5), 8 votes in the second highest
score (4), 2 votes in the third highest score (3) and 1 vote in the second
lowest score (2), and 0 vote in the lowest score (1) with the total of 20. Scent
got 9 votes on the highest score (5), 7 votes in the second highest score (4), 4
votes in the third highest score (3) and 0 votes in the second lowest (2) and
lowest score (1) with the total of 20. The 𝑥 2 is 16.2, with the Degree of
Freedom of 16 and a Critical Value of 26.30
67
INC.
3. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF OREGANO IN
PRODUCING A CANDLE AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT IN TERMS OF AGE
AND GENDER
3.1 Age. The tally table of Affordability in terms of age shows that the
highest score which is 5 got 1 vote in the age of 15, 6 votes in the age of 16, 2
votes in the age of 17, and 3 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 12 votes.
The second highest score which is 4 have 0 vote in the age of 15, 1 vote for
both age of 16 and 17 while in the age of 18 there are 2 votes with the total of
4 votes. The third highest score which is 3 got 0 vote in the age of 15, 1 vote
for the age of 16 and 18 and 2 votes in the age of 17 with the total of 4 votes.
The second lowest (2) and lowest (1) score got 0 votes in all ages. The x 2 is
3.9, with the Degree of Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03
Gender. The tally table of affordability in terms of Gender shows that
the male respondents have 6 votes for the highest score (5), 4 votes to the
second highest score (4), 1 vote for the third highest score (3), and no votes
for the second lowest and lowest scores which sets the total of 11 while
female respondents have 5 votes in the highest score (5), 2 votes to both
second and third highest score, and no votes for the second lowest and
lowest scores which sets the total of 9 and with overall total of 20. The x 2 is
0.26, with the Degree of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
68
INC.
3.2 Age. The tally table of appearance in terms of Age shows that the
highest score (5) got I vote in the age of 15. 4 votes in the age of 16, 2 votes
in the age of 17, and 3 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 10 votes. the
second highest score (4) have 0 vote in the age of 15. 3 votes in the age of 16
and 17 and 2 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 8 votes. The third highest
score (3) got 0 votes in the age of both 15 and 17 and 1 vote for both ages of
16 and 18 with the total of 2 votes. The second lowest (2) and the lowest (1)
score got 0 votes in all age. The x2 is 6.38, with the Degree of Freedom of 12
and a Critical Value of 21.03
Gender. The tally table of appearance in terms of Gender shows that
the male respondents have 4 votes for the highest score (5), 3 votes to the
second highest score (4), no vote for the third highest score (3), 3 votes for
the second lowest, and no vote for lowest score which sets the total of 10
while female respondents have 6 votes in the highest score (5), 4 votes to
both second highest score, and no votes for the third highest, second lowest
and lowest scores which sets the total of 10 and with overall total of 20. The
x2 is 0.54, with the Degree of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
3.3 Age. The tally table of ease of use in terms of age shows that the
highest score (5) got 2 votes in the age of 15, 4 votes in the age of 16 and 17
and 6 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 16 votes the second highest (4)
score got 0 vote in both ages of 15 and 18, 2 votes in the age of 16 and 1 vote
69
INC.
in the age of 17 with the total of 3 votes. The third highest (3) score got 0
votes in all ages, while the second lowest (2) got 1 vote in the age of 16 and 0
votes again in the lowest (1) score in all ages. The x2 is 4.82, with the Degree
of Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03
Gender. The tally table of ease of use in terms of gender shows that
the male respondents have 5 votes to the highest score (5), 5 votes to the
second highest score (4), 1 vote to the third highest score (3) and second
lowest score (2), and no vote for the lowest score which set the total of 12,
while the tally table of ease of use in terms of gender shows that the female
respondents have 6 votes to the highest score (5), 1 vote to the second and
third highest score, and no votes for the second lowest score and lowest
score which sets the total of 8. The x2 is 2.79, with the Degree of Freedom of
4 and a Critical Value of 9.94.
3.4 Age. The tally table of portability in terms of age shows that the highest
score (5) got 1 vote each in the ages of 15 and 17, 3 votes of the age 16 and
4 votes in the age of 18 with the total of 9 votes. The second highest (4) got 0
vote in the ages of 15, 4 votes in the age of 16, 3 votes in the age of 17 and 2
votes in the age of 18 with the total of 9 votes. The third highest score (3) got
0 votes each in the age of 15, 16 and 18 while there are 1 vote in the age of
17 the second lowest (2) got 0 votes each in the ages of 15, 17 and 18, 1 vote
70
INC.
in the age of 16. While there are 0 votes in all ages in the lowest score. The 𝑥 2
is 7.5, with the Degree of Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03
Gender. The tally table of portability in terms of gender shows that the
male respondents have 6 votes to the highest score (5). 3 votes to the second
highest score (4). No votes for the third highest score. I vote to the second
lowest score (2) and no to vote for the lowest score which sets the total of 10.
The totally table of portability in terms of gender shows that the male
respondent have 3 votes to the highest score. 6 votes to the second highest
score. 1 vote to the third highest score and no vote for the second lowest
score and lowest score which set the total of 10. The x2 is 4, with the Degree
of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
3.5 Age. The tally table of scent in terms of age shows that the highest
score (5) got 1 vote in the age of 15, 2 votes in the age of 16, 4 votes in the
age of 17 and 3 votes in the age of 18 with the total votes of 10. The second
highest score (4) got 0 votes in the ages of 15 and 18, 5 votes in the age of 16
and 1 vote in the age of 17 with the total of 6 votes. There are 0 votes each in
the ages of 15 and 17 and 2 votes each in the ages of 16 and 18 with the total
of 4 votes in the third highest (3) score. However, there are 0 votes in the
lowest and second lowest scores in all ages. The x2 is 8.51, with the Degree
of Freedom of 12 and a Critical Value of 21.03
71
INC.
Gender. The tally table of scent in terms of gender shows that the male
respondents have 7 votes to the highest score (2), 2 votes to second highest
score (4), no vote for the third highest score, second lowest score, and lowest
score which set with the total of 9. The tally table of scent in terms of gender
shows that the female respondents have 9 votes to the highest score, 2 votes
to the second highest score and no vote for the third highest score, second
lowest score, and lowest which set with the total of 9. The x2 is 0.04, with the
Degree of Freedom of 4 and a Critical Value of 9.49.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Percentage showed that in the age of 15, the frequency is 1 with 5%
ratings. In the age of 16, the frequency is 8 with 40% ratings. The age of 17
have the frequency of 4 and 20% ratings while in the age of 18, the frequency
is 7 with 35% ratings with a weighted mean of 16.85.
2. The Null Hypothesis of Table 2.1, is There is no significant relationship in
The Capability of Oregano to Produce Candle as Mosquito Repellent of the
respondent in terms of Affordability, Appearance, Ease of use, Portability,
Scent when Age and Gender is considered. Therefore, we as a researcher,
found that not all herbal medicine can be converted into another product.
3. The Null Hypothesis of Table 3.1, is There is no significant difference in
72
INC.
respondent in terms of Affordability when Age is considered. Therefore,
everyone can use the product.
respondent in terms of Affordability when Gender is considered. Therefore,
the product can be use by anyone.
respondent in terms of Appearance when Age is considered. Therefore,
respondent in terms of Appearance when Gender is considered. Therefore,
respondent in terms of Ease of Use when Age is considered. Therefore,
73
INC.
respondent in terms of Ease of Use when Gender is considered. Therefore,
respondent in terms of Portability when Age is considered. Therefore,
respondent in terms of Portability when Gender is considered. Therefore, The
product can be use by anyone.
respondent in terms of Safety when Age is considered. Therefore, everyone
can use the product.
respondent in terms of Safety when Gender is considered. Therefore, the
product can be use by anyone.
74
INC.
RECOMMENDATION
 Affordability - The Affordability of this product does not affect
the Age and Gender of the user.
 Appearance -The Appearance of this product does not affect
 Ease of Use - The Ease of Use of this product does not affect
 Portability - The Portability of this product does not affect the
Age and Gender of the user.
 Scent - The Scent of this product does not affect the Age
and Gender of the user.
 This product belongs to Lamiaceae family and it contains basil, hyssop,
lavender, marjoram, mint and sage that might trigger your allergy.
 Everyone can afford the product.
 Easy to use.
75
INC.
APPENDICES
76
INC.
TALLY SHEETS
AGE TALLY
15 |
16 |||| - |||
17 ||||
18 |||| - ||
TOTAL 20
GENDER TALLY
MALE ||||-||||
FEMALE ||||-||||-|
TOTAL 20
77
INC.
INDICATORS 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
AFFORDABILITY ||||-||||-|| |||| ||| 20
APPEARANCE ||||-|||| ||||-||| ||| 20
EASE OF USE ||||-||||- ||| | 20
||||-|
PORTABILITY ||||-|||| ||||-||| || | 20
SCENT ||||-|||| ||||-|| |||| 20
TOTAL 55 31 9 5 100
78
INC.
STRATIFY: The researcher divides the population into separate groups,
called strata. Then, a probability sample is drawn from each group.
SECTION NO. OF SOLUTION NO. OF

STUDENTS RESPONDENTS
42
BONIFACIO 42 BONIFACIO 200 = 0.21 x 20 4
= 4.2/ 4
46
GOMEZ 46 GOMEZ 200 = 0.23 x 20 5
= 4.6/ 5
25
JACINTO 25 JACINTO 200 = 0.12 x 20 2
= 2.4 / 2
46
TANDANG 46 TANDANG SORA 200 = 5
SORA 0.23 x 20
= 4.6 / 5
41
RIZAL 41 RIZAL = 0.205 x 20 4
200
= 4.1/ 4
TOTAL 200 20
79
INC.
PERCENTAGE ACCORDING TO AGE
AGE SOLUTIONS FREQUENCY RATING%
15 P = 1/20 x 100 1 5%
= 0.05 x 10
= 5%
16 P = 8/20 x 100 8 40%
= 0.4 x 100
= 40%
17 P = 4/20 x 100 4 20%
= 0.2 x 100
= 20%
18 P = 7/20 x 100 7 35%
= 0.35 x 100
= 35%
TOTAL 20 100%
𝑋´ =16.85
80
INC.
PERCENTAGE ACCORDING TO GENDER
GENDER SOLUTIONS FREQUENCY RATING%
Male P = 9/20 x 100 9 45%
= 0.45 x 100
= 45%
Femle P = 11/20 x 100 11 55%
= 0.55 x 100
= 55%
Total 20 100%
μ= 10
81
INC.
INDICATORS WITH SOLUTION
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
o e o e o e o e o e
Affordability 12 11 5 11 3 11 11 11 20
Appearance 9 11 8 11 11 3 11 11 20
Ease of use 16 11 3 11 11 1 11 11 20
Portability 9 11 8 11 2 11 1 11 11 20
Scent 9 11 7 11 4 11 11 11 20
TOTAL 55 55 31 55 9 55 5 55 55 100
𝑥 2= 16.12
df= 16
Cv= 26.30
82
INC.
SOLUTIONS:
e (5) = 55 x20 (Affordability) x2 = (12 – 11)2 (Portability) x2 = (9 – 11) 2

100 11 11
= 1,100 = 0.09 = 0.36

100
(Appearance) x2 = (9 – 11) 2 (Scent) x2 = (9 – 11) 2
= 11 11 11
= 0.36 = 0.36
(Ease of use) x2 = (16 – 11) 2

11
= 2.27
e (4) = 31 x 20 (Affordability) x2= (5 - 6.2)2 (Portability) x2= (8 - 6.2) 2

100 6.2 6.2
= 620 = 0.23 = 0.52

100
(Appearance) x2= (8 - 6.2) 2 (Scent) x2= (7 - 6.2) 2
= 6.2 6.2 6.2
= 0.52 = 0.10
(Ease of use) x2= (1 - 6.2) 2

6.2
= 1.65
83
INC.
e (3) = 9 x 20 (Affordability) x2 = (3 - 1.8)2 (Portability) x2= (2 - 1.8) 2

100 1.8 1.8
= 180 = 0.8 = 0.02
100
(Appearance) x2 = (0 - 1.8) 2 (Scent) x2= (4 – 1.8) 2
= 1.8 1.8 1.8
= 1.8 = 2.68
(Ease of use) x2 = (0 - 1.8) 2
1.8
= 1.8
e (2) = 5 x 20 (Affordability) x2= ( 0 – 1 )2 (Portability) x2= ( 1 – 1 ) 2

100 1 1
=100 =1 =0
100
(Appearance) x2= ( 3 – 1 ) 2 (Scent) x2= ( 0 – 1 ) 2
=1 1 1
=4 =1
(Ease of use) x2= ( 1 – 1 ) 2

1
=0
X2 = 0.09 + -0.38 + 2.27 + 0.36 + 0.36 + 0.32 + 0.52 + 1.56 + 0.52 + 0.10
+ 0.8 + 1.8 + 1.8 + 0.02 + 2.68 + 1 + 4 + 1 = 19.56
df = (5 - 1) (5 – 1)
= (4) (4)
= 16
cv = 26.30
84
INC.
INDIVIDUAL INDICATORS WITH SOLUTION
15 1 1
16 6 1 1 8
17 2 1 2 5
18 3 2 1 6
TOTAL 12 4 4 20
e (5) = 12 x 1 x2 (15) = (1-0.6)2 e(4)= 4x1 x2 (15) = (0-0.2)2

20 0.6 20 0.2
= 12 = (0.4)2 =4 = (-0.2)2
20 0.6 20 0.2
= 0.6 = 0.16 = 0.2 = 0.04
0.6 0.2
= 0.26 = 0.2
2 2
e(3) =4 x1 x2 (15)= (0-0.2 e(5) = 2x8 x2(16) = (6-4.8
20 0.2 20 4.8
2
=4 = (-0.2 = 96 = (1.2 2
20 0.2 20 4.8
= 0.2 = 0.04 = 4.8 = 1.44
0.2 4.8
= 0.2 = 0.3
e(4) = 4x8 x2 (16) = (1-1.6𝑥 2 e(3) = 4x8 x2(16) = (1-1.6 2
20 1.6 20 1.6
= 32 = (-0.6 2 = 32 = (-0.6 2
20 1.6 20 1.6
= 1.6 = 0.36 = 1.6 = 0.36
1.6 1.6
= 0.22 = 0.22
85
INC.
e(5)=12x5 x2(17) = (2-3) 2 e(4) = 4x5 x2(17)=(1-1)2

20 3 20 1
= 60 = (-1 2 = 20 = (0)2
20 3 20 1
=3 =1 =1 =0
3
= 0.33
e(3)=4x5 x2(17)=(2-1)2 e(5)=12x6 x2(18)=(3-3.6)2

20 1 20 3.6
= 20 =(1)2 = 72 =(-0.6)2
20 1 20 3.6
=1 =1 = 3.6 = 0.36
3.6
= 0.1
e(4)=4x6 x2(18)=(2-1.2)2 e(3)=4x6 x2(18)=(1-1.2)2

20 1.2 20 1.2
=24 =(0.8)2 =24 =(-0.2)2
20 1.2 20 1.2
= 1.2 =0.64 = 1.2 = 0.04
1.2 1.2
= 0.53 = 0.03
X2 = 0.26 + 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.22 + 0.22 + 0.33 + 1 + 0.1 + 0.53 + 0.03
= 2.17
df = (4 - 1) (5 - 1)
= (3) (4)
= 12
cv = 21.03
86
INC.
Male 6 4 1 11
Female 5 2 2 9
Total 11 6 3 20
e(5)=11x11 x2(m)= (6-6.05)2 e(4)=6x11 x2(m)=(4-3.3)2

20 6.05 20 3.3
= 121 = (-0.05)2 =66 =(0.7)2
20 6.05 20 3.3
= 6.05 = 0.0025 =3.3 =0.49
6.05 3.3
= 0.0004 =0.14
e(3)=3x11 x2(m)=(1-1.65) e(5)=11x9 x2(f)=(5-4.95)

20 20 20 20
=33 =(-0.65)2 =99 =(0.05)2
20 20 20 20
= 1.65 = 1 =4.95 =0.0001
20
=0.05
e(4)=6x9 x2(f)=(2-2.7)2 e(3)=3x9 x2(f)=(2-1.35)2

20 20 20 1.35
=54 =(-0.7)2 =27 =(0.65)2
20 20 20 1.35
=2.7 =0.49 =1.35 =0.42
20 1.35
=0.024 =0.31
X2 = 0.0004 + 0.14 + 0.05 + 0.0001 + 0.024 + 0.31 = 0.52
df = (2 - 1) (5 – 1)
= (1) (4)
=4
cv = 9.49
87
INC.
15 1 1
16 4 3 1 8
17 2 3 5
18 3 2 1 6
TOTAL 10 8 2 20
e (5) = 10 x 1 x2 (15) = (1-0.5)2 e(4)= 8x1 x2 (15) = (0-0.4)2

20 0.5 20 0.4
= 10 = (0.5)2 =8 = (-0.4)2
20 0.5 20 0.4
= 0.5 = 0.25 = 0.4 = 0.16
0.5 0.4
=0.5 = 0.4
e (3) = 2 x 1 x2(15) = (0-0.1)2 e(5)= 10x8 x2 (16) = (4-4)2

20 0.1 20 4
=2 = (-0.1)2 = 80 = (0)2
20 0.1 20 4
= 0.1 = 0.01 =4 =0
0.1 4
= 0.1 =0
e (4) = 8x 8 x2 (16) = (3-3.2)2 e(3)= 2x8 x2 (16) = (1-0.8)2

20 3.2 20 0.8
= 64 = (0.2)2 = 16 = (0.2)2
20 3.2 20 0.8
= 3.2 = 0.04 = 0.8 = 0.04
3.2 0.8
= 0.01 = 0.05
88
INC.
e (5) = 10 x 5 x2 (17) = (2-2.5)2 e(4)= 8x5 x2 (17) = (13-2)2

20 2.5 20 2
= 50 = (-0.5)2 = 40 = (1)2
20 2.5 20 2
= 2.5 = 0.25 =2 =1
2.5 2
=1 = 0.5
e (3) = 2 x 5 x2 (17) = (0-0.5)2 e(5)= 10x6 x2 (18) = (3-3)2

20 0.5 20 3
= 10 = (-0.5)2 = 60 = (0)2
20 0.5 20 3
= 0.5 = 0.25 =3 =0
0.5 3
= 0.5 =0
e (4) = 8 x 6 x2(18) = (2-2.4)2 e(3)= 2x6 x2 (18) = (1-0.6)2

20 2.4 20 0.6
= 48 = (-0.4)2 = 12 = (0.4)2
20 2.4 20 0.6
= 2.4 = 0.16 = 0.6 = 0.16
2.4 0.6
= 0.06 = 0.26
X2 = 0.05 + 0.04 + 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.05 + 1 + 0.05 + 0.05 + = 1.35
Df = (4 - 1) (5 - 1)
= (3) (4)
= 12
Cv = 21.03
89
INC.
MALE 4 3 3 10
FEMALE 6 4 10
TOTAL 10 7 3 20
e(5)=10x10 x2(m)= (4-5)2 e(4)=7x10 x2(m)=(3-3.5)2

20 5 20 3.5
= 100 = (-1)2 =70 =(0.5)2
20 5 20 3.5
=5 = 1 =3.5 =0.25
5 3.5
= 0.02 =0.07
e(2)=0x10 x2(m)= (3-0)2 e(5)=10x10 x2(f)=(4-5)2

20 0 20 5
=0 = (3)2 =100 =(-1)2
20 0 20 5
=0 = 9 =5 =1
0 5
= Undefined =0.2
e(4)=7x10 x2(f)= (4-3.5)2

20 3.5
= 70 = (0.5)2
20 3.5
= 3.5 = 0.25
3.5
= 0.07
X2 = 0.02 + 0.07 + 0.2 + 0.07 = 0.36
Df = (2 - 1) (5 – 1)
= (1) (4)
=4
CV = 9.49
90
INC.
15 2 2
16 4 2 1 7
17 4 1 5
18 6 6
TOTAL 16 3 1 20
e (5) = 16 x 2 x2 (15) = (2-1.6)2 e(4)= 3x1 x2 (15) = (0-0.3)2

20 1.6 20 0.3
= 32 =(0.4)2 =6 = (0.3)2
20 1.6 20 0.3
= 1.6 = 0.16 = 0.3 = 0.09
1.6 0.3
= 0.1 = 0.3
e (2) = 1 x 2 x2 (15) = (0-0.1)2 e(5)= 16x7 x2 (16) = (4-5.6)2

20 0.1 20 5.6
= 2 = (0.1)2 = 112 = (-1.6)2
20 0.1 20 5.6
= 0.1 = 0.1 = 5.6 = 2.56
0.6 5.6
= 0.1 = 0.45
e (4) = 3 x 7 x2 (16) = (2-1.05)2 e(2)= 1x7 x2 (16) = (1-0.35)2

20 0.5 20 0.35
= 21 = (0.95)2 =7 = (0.65)2
20 0.5 20 0.35
= 1.05 = 0.90 = 0.35 = 0.42
0.5 0.35
= 1.8 = 1.2
91
INC.
e (5) = 16 x5 x2 (17) = (4-4)2 e(4)= 3x5 x2 (17) = (1-0.75)2

20 4 20 0.75
= 80 = (0)2 =15 = (0.25)2
20 4 20 0.75
=4 =0 = 0.75 = 0.06
4 0.75
=0 = 0.08
e (2) = 1 x 5 x2 (17) = (0-0.25)2 e(5)= 16x6 x2 (18) = (6-4.8)2

20 0.25 20 4.8
=5 = (-0.25)2 = 96 = (1.2)2
20 0.25 20 4.8
=0.25 = 0.06 = 4.8 = 1.44
0.25 4.8
= 0.24 = 0.3
e (4) = 3 x 6 x2 (18) = (0-0.9)2 e(2)= 1x6 x2 (18) = (0-0.3)2

20 0.9 20 0.3
= 18 = (-0.9)2 =6 = (-0.3)2
20 0.9 20 0.3
= 0.9 = 0.81 = 0.3 = 0.09
0.9 0.3
= 0.9 = 0.3
X2 = 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.45 + 1.8 + 1.2 + 0.08 + 0.24 + 0.3 + 0.9 + 0.3
= 5.77
Df = (4 - 1) (5 - 1)
= (3) (4)
= 12
Cv = 21.03
92
INC.
MALE 5 5 1 1 12
FEMALE 6 1 1 8
TOTAL 11 6 2 1 20
e(5)=11x12 x2(m)= (5-6.6)2 e(4)=6x12 x2(m)=(5-3.6)2

20 6.6 20 3.6
= 132 = (1.6)2 =72 =(1.4)2
20 6.6 20 3.6
= 6.6 = 2.56 =3.6 =1.96
6.6 3.6
= 0.38 =0.54
e(3)=2x12 x2(m)= (1-1.2)2 e(2)=1x12 x2(m)=(1-0.6)2

20 1.2 20 0.6
= 24 = (-0.2)2 =12 =(0.4)2
20 1.2 20 0.6
= 1.2 = 0.04 =0.6 =0.16
1.2 0.6
= 0.03 =0.26
e(5)=11x8 x2(f)= (6-4.4)2 e(4)=6x8 x2(f)=(1-2.4)2

20 4.4 20 2.4
= 88 = (1.6)2 =78 =(-1.4)2
20 4.4 20 2.4
= 4.4 = 2.56 =2.4 =1.96
4.4 2.4
= 0.58 =0.81
e(3)=2x8 x2(f)= (1-0.8)2 e(2)=1x8 x2(f)=(0-0.4)2

20 0.8 20 0.4
= 16 = (0.2)2 =8 =(-0.4)2
20 0.8 20 0.4
= 0.8 = 0.04 =0.4 =0.16
0.8 0.4
= 0.05 =0.4
93
INC.
X2 = 0.38 + 0.54 + 0.03 + 0.26 + 0.58 + 0.81 + 0.05 + 0.4 = 2.47
Df = (2 - 1) (5 – 1)
= (1) (4)
=4
CV = 9.49
15 1 1
16 3 4 1 8
17 1 3 1 5
18 4 2 6
TOTAL 9 9 1 1 20
e (5) = 9 x 1 x2 (15) = (1-0.45)2 e(4)= 9x1 x2 (15) = (0-4.5)2

20 0.45 20 0.45
=9 = (-0.55)2 =9 = (-0.45)2
20 0.45 20 0.45
= 0.45 = 0.30 = 0.45 = 0.20
0.45 0.45
= 0.66 = 0.44
e (3) = 1 x 1 x2 (15) = (0-0.05)2 e(2)= 1x1 x2 (15) = (0-0.05)2

20 0.05 20 0.05
= 1 = (-0.05)2 = 1 = (-0.05)2
20 0.05 20 0.05
= 0.05 = -0.002 = 0.05 = -0.002
0.05 0.05
= -0.04 = -0.04
94
INC.
e (5) = 9 x 8 x2 (16) = (3-3.6)2 e(4)= 9x8 x2 (16) = (4-3.6)2

20 3.6 20 3.6
= 72 = (0.6)2 = 72 = (0.4)2
20 3.6 20 3.6
= 3.6 = 0.36 = 3.6 = 0.16
3.6 3.6
= 0.1 = 0.04
e (3) = 1 x 8 x2 (16) = (0-0.4)2 e(2)= 1x8 x2 (16) = (1-0.4)2

20 0.4 20 0.4
=8 = (-0.4)2 =8 = (0.6)2
20 0.4 20 0.4
= 0.4 = 0.16 = 0.4 = 0.36
0.4 0.4
= 0.4 =0.09
e (5) = 9 x 5 x2 (17) = (1-2.25)2 e(4)= 9x5 x2 (17) = (3-2.25)2

20 2.25 20 2.25
= 45 = (-1.25)2 = 45 = (0.75)2
20 2.25 20 2.25
= 2.25 = -1.56 = 2.25 = 0.56
2.25 2.25
= -0.69 =0.24
e(3)= 1x5 x2 (17) = (1-0.25)2 e(2)= 1x5 x2 (17) = (3-2.25)2

20 2.25 20 2.25
=5 = (0.75)2 =5 = (0.25)2
20 2.25 20 2.25
= 2.25 = 0.56 = 2.25 = 0.06
2.25 2.25
=0.24 =0.24
e(5)= 9x6 x2 (18) = (4-2.7)2 e(4)= 9x6 x2 (1) = (2-2.7)2

20 2.7 20 2.7
= 54 = (1.3)2 = 54 = (-0.7)2
95
INC.
20 2.7 20 2.7
= 2.7 = 1.69 = 2.7 =-0.49
2.7 2.7
=0.62 =0.18
e(3)= 1x6 x2 (18) = (0-0.3)2 e(2)= 1x6 x2 (18) = (0-0.3)2

20 0.3 20 0.3
=6 = (-0.3)2 =6 = (-0.3)2
20 0.3 20 0.3
= 0.3 = -0.9 = 0.3 = -0.9
0.3 0.3
=-0.3 =-0.3
X2 = 0.66 + 0.44 + -0.04 + -0.04 + 0.1 + 0.04 + 0.4 + 0.09 + -0.69 + 0.24 +
0.24 + 0.24 + 0.62 + 0.18 + -0.3 + -0.3 = 3.26
Df = (4 - 1) (5 - 1)
= (3) (4)
= 12
Cv = 21.03
Male 6 3 1 10
Female 3 6 1 10
Total 9 9 1 1 20
e(5)=9x10 x2(m)= (6-4.5)2 e(4)=9x10 x2(m)=(3-4.5)2

20 4.5 20 4.5
= 90 = (1.5)2 =90 =(-1.5)2
20 4.5 20 4.5
=4.5 = 2.25 =4.5 =-2.25
4.5 4.5
= 0.5 =-0.5
96
INC.
e(3)=1x10 x2(m)= (0-0.5)2 e(2)=1x10 x2(m)=(1-0.5)2

20 0.5 20 0.5
= 10 = (-0.5)2 =10 =(0.5)2
20 0.5 20 0.5
= 0.5 = -0.25 =0.5 =0.25
0.5 0.5
= -0.5 =0.5
e(5)=9x10 x2(f)= (3-4.5)2 e(4)=9x10 x2(f)=(6-4.5)2

20 4.5 20 4.5
= 90 = (-1.5)2 =90 =(1.5)2
20 4.5 20 4.5
= 4.5 = -2.25 =4.5 =2.25
4.5 4.5
= -0.5 =0.5
e(3)=1x10 x2(f)= (1-0.5)2 e(2)=1x10 x2(f)=(0-0.5)2

20 0.5 20 0.5
= 10 = (0.5)2 =10 =(-0.5)2
20 0.5 20 0.5
= 0.5 = 0.25 =0.5 =-0.25
0.5 0.5
= 0.5 =-0.5
X2 = 0.05 + 0.5 + -0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + -0.5 = 0.05
Df = (2 - 1) (5 – 1)
= (1) (4)
=4
CV = 9.49
97
INC.
SCENT 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
15 1 1
16 2 5 2 9
17 4 1 5
18 3 2 5
TOTAL: 10 6 4 20
e (5) = 10 x 1 x2 (15) = (1-0.5)2 e(4)= 6x1 x2 (15) = (0-0.3)2

20 0.5 20 0.3
= 10 = (-0.5)2 =6 = (-0.3)2
20 0.5 20 0.3
= 0.5 = 0.25 = 0.3 = 0.09
0.5 0.3
= 0.5 = 0.3
e (3) = 4 x 1 x2 (15) = (0-0.2)2 e(5)= 10x9 x2 (16) = (2-4.5)2

20 0.2 20 4.5
= 4 = (0.2)2 = 90 = (-2.5)2
20 0.2 20 4.5
= 0.2 = 0.04 = 4.5 = -6.25
0.2 4.5
= 0.2 = -1.38
e (4) = 6 x 9 x2 (16) = (5-2.7)2 e(3)= 4x9 x2 (16) = (2-1.8)2

20 2.7 20 1.8
= 54 = (2.3)2 = 36 = (0.2)2
20 2.7 20 1.8
= 2.7 = 5.29 = 1.8 = 0.04
2.7 1.8
=1.95 = 0.02
98
INC.
e (5) = 10 x 5 x2 (17) = (4-2.5)2 e(4)= 6x5 x2 (17) = (1-1.5)2

20 2.5 20 1.5
= 50 = (1.5)2 = 30 = (-0.5)2
20 2.5 20 1.5
= 2.5 = 2.25 = 1.5 = 0.25
2.5 1.5
= 0.9 = 0.16
e (3) = 4x5 x2 (17) = (0-1)2 e(5)= 10x5 x2 (18) = (3-2.5)2

20 1 20 2.5
= 20 = (-1)2 = 50 = (0.5)2
20 1 20 2.5
= 1 =1 = 2.5 = 0.25
1 2.5
=1 = 0.1
e (4) = 6 x 5 x2 (18) = (0-1.5)2 e(3)= 4x5 x2 (18) = (2-1)2

20 1.5 20 1
= 30 = (-1.5)2 = 20 = (1)2
20 1.5 20 1
= 1.5 = 1.5 =1 =1
1.5 1
= 1.5 =1
X2 = 0.5 + 0.3 + 0.2 + -1.38 + 1.95 + 0.02 + 0.9 + 0.18 + 1 + 0.1 + 1.5 + 1
= 5.37
Df = (4 - 1) (5 - 1)
= (3) (4)
= 12
Cv = 21.03
99
INC.
SCENT 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
Male 7 2 9
Female 9 2 11
Total 16 4 20
e(5)=16x9 x2(m)= (7-7.2)2 e(4)=4x9 x2(m)=(2-1.8)2

20 7.2 20 1.8
= 144 = (-0.2)2 =36 =(0.2)2
20 7.2 20 1.8
= 7.2 = -0.04 =1.8 = 0.04
7.2 1.8
= 0.005 =-0.02
e(5)=16x11 x2(f)= (9-8.8)2 e(4)=4x11 x2(f)=(2-2.2)2

20 8.8 20 2.2
= 176 = (0.2)2 =44 =(-0.2)2
20 8.8 20 2.2
= 8.8 = 0.04 =2.2 =-0.04
8.8 2.2
= 0.004 = 0.004
X2 = 0.005 + -0.02 + 0.0004 + 0.004 = -0.0106
Df = (2 - 1) (5 – 1)
= (1) (4)
=4
CV = 9.49
100
INC.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
101
INC.
REFERENCE
I. INTERNET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_repellent - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeswax - Wikipedia
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995764516301407
#sec1 - Science Direct
http://erepository.cu.edu.eg/index.php/cutheses/article/view/3700/3637-
Chemical and Biological Studies on Oregano
https://www.merriam-webster.com - Merriam Webster
https://heartmdinstitute.com/diet-nutrition/outstanding-oregano-
benefits-
uses/?fbclid=IwAR36Yb8Jvvn3FeEI0e9Zi1aeZJc0GUZjXFWoNZevSG
oZYnrVfY_nBqTEGNY- Stephen T. Sinatra, M.D., F.A.C.C., F.A.C.N.,
C.N.S.,C.B.T.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc95/eae59bb2708fac7035c2d0be903
0215ed428.pdf- Food Science
https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/Abstract/2010/05000/Oreg
ano__Overview_of_the_Literature_on_Health.9.aspx - Nutrition Today
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0005772X.1980.1109777
6?journalCode=tbee20 – Bee World (A.P Tulloch)
102
INC.
CURRICULUM VITAE
103
INC.
JOY TAMAYO AJEL

47 Manga Street, Pangarap Village Caloocan City.
jyajel@yahoo.com
09507148125
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
SECONDARY
Technical Vocational Livelihood – Home Economics
JBEST SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL SKILLS-LAGRO
INC.
4th flr. Lester Bldg. Km. 22 Brgy. Pasong Putik, Lagro Quezon City
(S.Y 2018-PRESENT)
PANGARAP HIGH SCHOOL

Narra Avenue,Pangarap village Caloocan City
(S.Y 2014 – 2018)
PRIMARY
PANGARAP ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Narra Avenue, Pangarap Village Caloocan City
(S.Y. 2006 – 2013)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 18 yrs. old
GENDER : Female
BIRTHDATE : December 3, 2000
BIRTHPLACE : Pabella Hospital
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
WEIGHT : 50 kg.
HEIGHT : 5’1
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of
my knowledge and belief.
Joy T, Ajel
Applicant’s signature
104
INC.
KING ALFRED BRUNO BENITEZ

1692 CBY Barracks II Tala Caloocan City.
kingbenitez25@gmail.com
09070590806
SECONDARY
JBEST SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL SKILLS-
LAGRO INC.
(S.Y 2018-PRESENT)
MANUEL LUIS QUEZON HIGH SCHOOL

Camia street, Malaria Caloocan City
(S.Y 2014 – 2018)
PRIMARY
TALA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Tala Caloocan City
(S.Y. 2009 – 2014)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 19 yrs. old
GENDER : Male
BIRTHPLACE : Caloocan city
WEIGHT : 60 kg.
HEIGHT : 5’6
King Alfred Benitez

105
INC.
MAVILLE ARBAN CRUZADO

425 L.D. Highway Tala Caloocan City
mavcruzado0320@gmail.com
+639770250034
SECONDARY
LAGRO INC.,
4th floor Lester Bldg.Km,22 Brgy, Pasong Putik, Lagro Quezon City
(S.Y. 2018-PRESENT)

Camia St. Malaria, Caloocan City
(S.Y 2014 – 2018)
PRIMARY
MANUEL L. QUEZON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Camia St. Malaria, Caloocan City
(S.Y. 2008 – 2014)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 17 yrs. old

GENDER : Females
BIRTHDATE : March 20, 2002
BIRTHPLACE : Pasig City
WEIGHT : 68 kg.
HEIGHT : 5’5
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
Maville A. Cruzado
Applicant’s Signature
106
INC.
KIRT XYMON C. DELA ROSA

441 Camia St. Malaria Caloocan City
kirtxymon06corbe@gmail.com
09501414531
SECONDARY
JBEST SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL
SKILLS-LAGRO INC.
(S.Y 2018-PRESENT)

Camia st. Malaria Caloocan City
(S.Y 2014 – 2018)
PRIMARY
MANUEL LUIS QUEZON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Malaria Caloocan City
(S.Y. 2006 – 2013)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 17 years old
GENDER : Male
BIRTHDATE : February 6, 2002
BIRTHPLACE : Malaria
WEIGHT : 45 kg
HEIGHT : 5’6
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to

the best of my knowledge and belief.
Kirt Xymon Dela Rosa

107
INC.
KRISTINE KYLLE TORRES FRANCO

1024 Malaya st. Sapanag Alat Rd. Pangarap Vill. Caloocan City.
francokylle@yahoo.com
09072143374
SECONDARY
JBEST SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL
SKILLS-LAGRO INC.
(S.Y 2018-PRESENT)

Camia st. Malaria Caloocan City
(S.Y 2014 – 2018)
PRIMARY
Malaria Caloocan City
(S.Y. 2006 – 2013)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 17 years old
GENDER : Female
BIRTHDATE : October 18, 2001
BIRTHPLACE : North Caloocan Doctors Hospital
WEIGHT : 41 kg
HEIGHT : 5’1
Kristine Kylle T. Franco

108
INC.
JAY TEPACE GIRAY

Lot 14 Blk 34 Dama de Noche Street, Pangarap Village Caloocan City.
jaygiray08@gmail.com
+639058427727
SECONDARY
LAGRO INC.
(S.Y 2018-PRESENT)

Narra Avenue,Pangarap village Caloocan City
(S.Y 2014 – 2018)
PRIMARY
MAGSAYSAY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Brgy Magsaysay,Northern Samar
(S.Y. 2006 – 2013)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 19 yrs. old
GENDER : Male
BIRTHDATE : July 08, 2000
BIRTHPLACE : Lao-ang Northern Samar
WEIGHT : 56 kg.
HEIGHT : 5’5
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the
best of my knowledge and belief.
JAY T. GIRAY
109
INC.
KLARISSE ROSADIÑO GOÑA

698 Governor Eusebio Street, Bankers Village II, Caloocan City.
gonaklarissa@gmail.com
09162513520
SECONDARY
LAGRO INC.
4th flr. Lester Bldg. Km 22 Brgy. Pasong Putik, Lagro Quezon City.
(S. Y. 2018–PRESENT)
Camia Street, Malaria Caloocan City.
(S. Y. 2016–2018)
Narra Avenue, Caloocan City.
(S. Y. 2014–2016)
PRIMARY
PANGARAP ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Narra Avenue, Caloocan City.
(S. Y. 2012–2014)
Camia Street, Malaria Caloocan City.
(S. Y. 2008–2012)
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
AGE : 17 yrs. old
GENDER : Female
BIRTHPLACE : Caloocan City
WEIGHT : 48 kg.
HEIGHT : 5’3
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
KLARISSE R. GOÑA
Applicant’s Signature
110
INC.
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JBEST SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY AND PRACTICAL SKILLS-LAGRO,

THE EFFICIENCY OF OREGANO IN PRODUCING A CANDLE AS

BENITEZ, KING ALFRED B.

DELA ROSA, KIRT XYMON C.

FRANCO, KRISTINE KYLLE T.

MS. ELLAINE FULAY

PRACTICAL RESEARCH ADVISER

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Mosquitoes are a group of about 3,500 species of small insects that

word "mosquito" is Spanish for "little fly". Mosquitoes have a slender

antennae, and elongated mouthparts. Many species of mosquitoes inject or

transmission of diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West

Nile virus, dengue fever, filariasis, tularemia, dirofilariasis, Japanese

encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Eastern

equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River

fever, Barmah Forest fever, La Crosse encephalitis, as well as newly

Repellents are substances that help people avoid mosquito bites.

Anyone working or playing in mosquito-infested areas will find repellents very

of the use of repellents, we conducted this research to formulate new and

Beeswax (ceraalba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

answer the following questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of :

2. What is the capability of oregano in producing candle as mosquito

repellent? How can oregano as repellent help people in terms of:

3. Is there a significant difference in the capability of oregano to produce

candle as mosquito repellent of the respondent in terms of Affordability,

Appearance, Ease of use, Portability, Scent when Age and Gender is

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focused on the capability of oregano in producing candle as

a mosquito repellent. The scope of the study focused on the following

indicators such as: ease of used, affordability, effectiveness, safety, reliability,

portability. This study conducted from JBEST School of Technology and

Practical Skills Lagro., Inc students 2018 – 2019.

We as the researcher s considered working on this study to find out if

efficiency of mosquito repellent with regard to the development of this

this study. The respondents will have awareness on the importance of

The conceptual framework of this study is presented in the following

figure of the diagram.

The Input contains the demographic profile of the respondent level of

acceptability of the product in terms of Affordability, Appearance, Ease of use,

Portability, Scent to this; it also consists of determining the significant

difference in the level of acceptability when the demographic profile of the

The Process includes the formulating the experiment, gathering of the

data, organizing of gathered data, and assessment of gathered data.

The Output includes the efficiency of oregano in producing a candle as

1. What is the OUTPUT

demographic profile of the  Formulating the

respondent in terms of experiment  The efficiency of

capability of oregano as  Gathering of the oregano in

repellent: data producing

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of the study should be beneficial to the following:

- Researches can experiment, conduct and gather some information to

to complete their data.

- May benefit a lot of information and knowledge about oregano. They

- This study may benefit student to acquire additional knowledge about

to encourage their students to create innovative product.

-This study will lessen the number of individuals harmed by mosquito

diseases. It will help to demoralize mosquitoes in the community resulting to

repellents in an easy way, by doing this, they can save money.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature studies that

the researchers gathered from different material regarding oregano. These