 MIDTERM PROJECT

Group 4
1. Võ Thị Mỹ Diễm
2. Nguyễn Thị Nam Phương
3. Nguyễn Thị Thu Hường

TASK 1:

Title of the reading: Architecture ideal learning environment.

Source of the reading:
https://www.edutopia.org/article/architecture-ideal-learning-
environments.

Index:
1. Grammar pattern
 Analyzing long sentences
 Position of adverbial
 Long sentences using dash symbol
 Word building
 Preposition with other meaning : As or like

2. Vocabulary and Collocation

 GRAMMAR PATTERNS

1. “We need to be able to embrace that and prepare students for the types of
work environments and companies they are going to be working for when
they get out of school.”
- Be going to : Plan to do something in the immediate future.<I am
going to make a sandwich- would you like one?>
- Be going to be working:We use future continuous to talk about an
action that will be in progress at or around a time in the future <
Don’t phone me at the office tomorrow. I will be working at home>
< My grammar lab 1/ 122,126>
2. A more open, transparent design emphasizing windows and clear lines of
sight, even between floors, reduces bullying opportunities and improves the
learning environment for vulnerable students, according to architects.

SUBJECT <A more open, transparent design>/ <which emphasizes>

emphasizing windows and clear lines of sight, even between floors,/ VERB
1 <reduces> bullying opportunities /and VERB 2 <improves> the learning
environment for vulnerable students,/ < Which accords> according to
architects.

3. The two sets of entry doors bracketing the academic wing are made of
bulletproof glass and can be locked remotely from the main office,
transforming the shared learning space into a safe haven.

SUBJECT <The two sets of entry doors> /<which bracket > bracketing
the academic wing/ VERB 1<are made> of bulletproof glass and VERB
2<can be locked> remotely from the main office, <which transforms>
transforming the shared learning space into a safe haven.
 Some sentences have the same grammar structure :
 - Internal spaces like hallways, classrooms, and cafeterias—typically
separated from each other by opaque structures like walls and
doorways—have given way to open layouts that emphasize glass
partitions and uninterrupted lines of sight, borrowing from cutting-edge
work environments like Google’s and Apple’s campuses.
- Opening a line of sight into adjacent spaces makes learning communal,
encourages collaboration, and creates a public forum for celebrating and
observing student work, according to leading educational architects.
- While the effect is less dramatic, the design is more cost-effective and the
learning impact is similar, promoting a sense of collaboration and
enabling students to gain inspiration from the work of others.

4. From this central gathering place, students of all ages can see and be seen,
peering into others’ classrooms to view what they’re doing while being
observed at their own work.

ADVERB/<From this central gathering place>,/ SUBJECT<students of all

ages> VERB <can see and be seen>, peering into others’ classrooms to
view what they’re doing while being observed at their own work.

< An active participle after the main clause can express result >

5. ADVERB<Collectively>,/ SUBJECT <the companies> / VERB<bill>/

OBJECT<hundreds of millions of dollars in work annually>/, and/VERB
<have built or renovated>/OBJECT< thousands of schools throughout the
country and around the globe>.
6. ADVERB<At Ecole Kenwood French Immersion School,> /SUBJECT<a pre-
K to sixth grade public magnet school> in Columbus, Ohio, /*which is*
VERB< designed> by Fanning Howey, /SUBJECT<the stairway>/VERB<
has been extended>/OBJECT< to accommodate carpeted student seating and
 features an overhead projector, a large projection screen, a sound reinforcement
system, and wireless access.>
7. SUBJECT <Each academic wing>/ VERB<features>/OBJECT
<classrooms> that connect to a central collaboration space and a teacher design
lab—* Which enables *<enabling>/ OBJECT< educators> to see kids in the
classroom, collaboration space, or corridors from virtually any spot in the
learning environment.
8. SUBJECT <Having a single point of entry to the school>/VERB< is >/
OBJECT<standard protocol> to limit unwanted access, but/SUBJECT <many
schools>/VERB< are starting> to install double-locked entries—with two
locked doors to get through—and often /VERB<require>/OBJECT< sign-in>
and/VERB< use>/OBJECT< video surveillance systems> to screen visitors
before they enter campus.
9. SUBJECT<Internal spaces>/ like hallways, classrooms, and cafeterias—
typically separated from each other by opaque structures like walls and
doorways—VERB<have given>OBJECT< way >to open layouts that
emphasize glass partitions and uninterrupted lines of sight, borrowing from
cutting-edge work environments like Google’s and Apple’s campuses.

10. Today,/SUBJECT< every inch of the school>/ /VERB<is scoured> for its
ability to contribute to learning: /SUBJECT<Corridors>VERB< are being
widened> to become extensions of the classroom, /SUBJECT<stairs>/VERB<
are turning into> seating space, and/SUBJECT< walls >throughout the
building /VERB<are doubling> as writing surfaces or displaying Wi-Fi-
enabled TV screens.

11. For example,/ at Milan High School, a public school in Milan, Michigan,
/SUBJECT<the PBL learning addition>/*Which is*< called> the Milan Center
for Innovative Studies /VERB<has>OBJECT< a designated collaboration
space>, the Innovation Zone, where /SUBJECT<students
>/VERB<conduct>OBJECT< individual research>, VERB<collaborate> on
/OBJECT<group projects>, and VERB<give>OBJECT< presentations>
 12. According to leading education architects,/SUBJECT< some outdoor learning
environments>/VERB< are >simply/OBJECT< spaces> that facilitate
learning—a group of benches, an amphitheater, or a partially covered
workspace with amenities like Wi-Fi and supplies.

13. SUBJECT<A rainwater cistern>/ VERB<enables >OBJECT<students> to

track rainfall totals, while /SUBJECT<xeriscape landscaping>—which
requires little to no water—VERB<helps>OBJECT <students> learn about
local, drought-tolerant plants and gain authentic experience with complex
biological concepts like photosynthesis and osmosis.
14. And at Lady Bird Johnson Middle School in Irving, Texas, the biggest net-zero
public school in the country—it generates more energy than it consumes—
SUBJECT<the building itself>VERB< is>OBJECT< a laboratory for
learning.>

< OXFORD GUIDE TO ENGLISH GRAMMAR 140/5>

THE POSITION OF ADVERBIALS

When an adverbial modifies a verb or a whole clause,

there are 3 main places we can put it * front, mid, end
position

*Oxford guide to English Grammar < 208/2 page 264>*

1. Collectively, the companies bill hundreds of millions of dollars in work
annually, and have built or renovated thousands of schools throughout the country
and around the globe.
 2. Not surprisingly, bullies seek out areas tucked away from adult supervision. In
a recent study from the National Center for Education Statistics, students between
the ages of 12 and 18 reported nearly twice as many bullying incidents in hallways
and stairwells—where they spend a fraction of their time—as in other school areas
like cafeterias or playgrounds.

3. Counterintuitively, large open spaces can provide protection during a lockdown.

LONG SENTENCES USING DASH SYMBOL 

We can use dashes before, between,or after a clause which is
an explanation
*Oxford guide to English Grammar < 56/2c page 70>*

( Here we analyze these sentences with bold letters as the

explanation for the part in red )

1. — Clause —
— Short form of relative clause —

- Wiring the entire school—including the outdoors—is necessary,

architects agree, and projectors, screens, and sound systems are migrating
out of classrooms and into hallways, common spaces, cafeterias, and
even stairwells.
- In a recent study from the National Center for Education Statistics,
students between the ages of 12 and 18 reported nearly twice as many
bullying incidents in hallways and stairwells—where they spend a
fraction of their time—as in other school areas like cafeterias or
playgrounds.

- Each academic wing features classrooms that connect to a central

collaboration space and a teacher design lab—enabling educators to see
kids in the classroom, collaboration space, or corridors from
virtually any spot in the learning environment.

2. — NOUN —
- Key insights into five common design principles—technology
integration, safety and security, transparency, multipurpose space,
and outdoor learning—surfaced during our conversations.

- And In Whitestown, Indiana, Fanning Howey designed a wet retention

basin—a pond that collects stormwater—as an outdoor laboratory for
Zionsville West Middle School, a public school.

- The entire building is wrapped around a common area called the Agora—
Greek for “gathering place”—which is modeled on the public
courtyards at the heart of city life in ancient Greece.

3. — AVERD < manner, place, time..> —

- “Through visual transparency—by looking through a window into

something interesting happening in a makerspace, robotic lab, or a
classroom—you’re creating a public conversation about teaching and
learning,” says Stephen.
 - “There’s a realization and understanding on the clients’ side that the
factory model school that most of us went to—where you’ve got
similarly sized classrooms marching down either side of the
hallway—is not going to support the kind of teaching and learning that
they’re after,” says Steve Turckes, principal and K–12 education global
practice leader for Perkins+Will.
-

4. — WITH —

Having a single point of entry to the school is standard protocol to limit

unwanted access, but many schools are starting to install double-locked
entries—with two locked doors to get through—and often require sign-
in and use video surveillance systems to screen visitors before they enter
campus.
We can also use a colon before a clause which is an
explanation

To get a sense of the best practices in contemporary school design, we

interviewed four of the top K–12 architecture firms in the U.S.: Fanning
Howey, Corgan, Perkins+Will, and Huckabee.

WORD BUILDING
The hyphen shows that two words belong together. It is usual
compound expressions before a noun
*Oxford guide to English Grammar < 56/5/a page 73>*
1. Floor-to-ceiling: place-to-place :<adj>

Ex: - Head-to- toe

- Top-to-bottom
- Air-to-ground
- Day-to-day
- Head-to-head

2. Cutting-edge: gerund- noun :<adj>

Ex: - Cutting-gym
- Cutting-shape
- Cutting-board

3. Cost-effective: noun-adjective:<adj>
Ex: - lightning-fast
- duty-free
- water-proof
- rock-hard
- praise-worthy

4. Sign-in: verb-preposition: <noun>

Ex: - Lock-in
- Log-in
- Check-in
- Check-out
- Sign-out

5. Double-locked : adjective-participle:<adj>

Ex: - Complete-educated
- Adequate-equipped
- Automatic-opened
- Fair-appreciated
- Accidental-discovered

6. Student-run : noun-verb:<adj>
Ex: - People-use
- Children-play
- Animal-eat
- Computer-process
- Machine-assemble

7. Drought-tolerant: noun-adjective:<adj>

Ex: - Fault-responsible
- Disaster-tolerant
- Stress-intolerant
- Lie-unacceptable
- Sorrow-sympathetic

8. Single -use: adjective-verb:<adj>

Ex: - Hard-study
- Wrong-behave
- Offensive-wear
- Efficient-work
- Harsh-commen

We sometimes use a hyphen after a prefix

1. At Ecole Kenwood French Immersion School, a pre-K to sixth grade

public magnet school in Columbus, Ohio, designed by Fanning Howey,
the stairway has been extended to accommodate carpeted student
seating and features an overhead projector, a large projection screen, a
sound reinforcement system, and wireless access.
PRE : before

There is a way of punctuating two main clauses:

comma between clauses linked by and, but or so
*Oxford guide to English Grammar < 56/2/a page 70>*
 1. Collectively, the companies bill hundreds of millions of dollars in work
annually, and have built or renovated thousands of schools throughout the
country and around the globe.

2. Wiring the entire school—including the outdoors—is necessary, architects

agree, and projectors, screens, and sound systems are migrating out of
classrooms and into hallways, common spaces, cafeterias, and even
stairwells.

3. The one-acre pond has shallow-depth areas for wetland plant species, and
the boardwalk has observation decks with wirelpess access for small group
instruction.

Making nouns from verbs:

We can sometimes make nouns from phrasal and
prepositional verbs
* MyGrammarLab < 104/2 page 312>*

“The old layouts present an anonymous kind of situation, and it’s easy for
bullying to take place in those spaces,” says David Stephen, an educator and
architect and the founder of New Vista Designs for Learning, a school
design and curriculum consulting firm in Boston.

Prepositions with other meanings: As or like ?

We use as:

 For a person’s job or role

  To describe what something can be used
We use like when we mean “ Similar to”-it makes a comparision
Typical, single-use rooms like cafeteria and libraries, meanwhile, are
being designed to function as hybrid theaters, makerspaces, and media
centers

VOCABULARY

1. Contemporary /kənˈtemprəri/: belonging to the present time.

EX: contemporary fiction/music/dance.

2. Collectively/kəˈlektɪvli/ : in a way that refers to all members of a group.

EX: Rain, snow and hail, collectively known as ‘precipitation’.

3. Insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/: insight (into something) an understanding of what

something is like.
EX: I hope you have gained some insight into the difficulties we face.

4. Transparency /trænsˈpærənsi/: the quality of something, such as a situation

or an argument, which makes it easy to understand.
EX: The police reforms will ensure greater transparency and accountability.

5. The dawn of: the time when something such as

a new period in history begins.
Ex : People have talked about the weather since the dawn of civilization.
6. Boil down to: to be the main reason for something or the most basic part of
something.
EX: It’s difficult to choose which appliance to buy, but in the end it usually
boils down to cost.

7. Bulky /ˈbʌlki/: large and difficult to move or carry.

EX: Bulky items will be collected separately.

8. Terminal /ˈtɜːmɪnl/: a piece of equipment, usually consisting of a keyboard

and a screen that joins the user to a central computer system.

9. Sign someone up to: to put someone’s name on an official list for

something.
EX: They’ve signed me up to do voluntary work next month.

10. Quantum leap /ˌkwɒntəm ˈliːp/: a sudden, great and important change,
improvement or development.
EX: This discovery marks a quantum leap forward in the fight against
cancer.

11. Ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/: seeming to be everywhere or in several places at

the same time; very common.
EX: The ubiquitous movie star, Tom Hanks.

12. Sound system /ˈsaʊnd sɪstəm/:equipment for playing recorded or live

music and for making it louder

13. Cafeteria /ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/: A restaurant where you choose and pay for your
meal at a counter and carry it to a table. Cafeterias are often found in
factories, colleges, hospitals, etc.
EX: Consumer groups were urging school cafeterias to serve healthier food.

14. Uppermost /ˈʌpəm əʊst/: More important than other things in a particular
situation.
EX: These thoughts were uppermost in my mind.

15. Pervasive /pəˈveɪsɪv/: Existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading

gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing.
EX: A sense of social change is pervasive in her novels.
16. Seek out: To look for and find somebody/something, especially when
this means using a lot of effort.

17. Tuck away: To put something in a place where it is not easy to find or to
see.
Ex: The sugar is tucked away on the top shelf.

18. Fraction /ˈfrækʃn/: A small part or amount of something.

EX: Only a small fraction of a bank's total deposits will be withdrawn at
any one time.

19. Interconnectivity /ɪntɜːkɑnɛkˈtɪvət̮ i/: the state of being connected or the

degree to which two things are connected.
EX: ISDN interconnectivity allows computers to communicate over a
network.

20. Floor-to-ceiling /ˌflɔː.təˈsiː.lɪŋ/: used for describing things such

as windows or pieces of furniture that are the full height of a wall.

21.Corridor /ˈkɒrɪdɔː(r)/: A long narrow passage in a building, with doors that

open into rooms on either side.
EX: His room is along the corridor.

22. Subversive /səbˈvɜːsɪv/: A person who tries to destroy or damage a

government or political system by attacking it secretly or indirectly.
EX: He was a known political subversive.

23. Sphere /sfɪə(r)/: An area of activity, influence or interest; a particular

section of society.
EX: This area was formerly within the sphere of influence of the US.

24. Magnet school /ˈmæɡnət skuːl/: A school in a large city that offers extra
courses in some subjects in order to attract students from other areas of the
city.

25. Retention /rɪˈtenʃn/ :. the action of keeping liquid, heat, etc. inside
something rather than letting it escape
EX: Eating too much salt can cause fluid retention. .
26. Basin /ˈbeɪsn/ : a large round bowl for holding liquids or (in British
English) for preparing foods in; the amount of liquid, etc.
EX: A pudding basin.

27. One-acre: A unit of land area used in the imperial and US

customary systems.

28. Pond /pɒnd/: A small area of still water, especially one that is artificial.
EX: A fish pond.

29. Boardwalk /ˈbɔːdwɔːk/: A path made of wooden boards, especially on a

beach or near water.

30.Deck /dek/: A wooden floor that is built outside the back of a house where
you can sit and relax.

31.Intruder (n) /ɪnˈtruːdə(r)/ a person who enters a building or an area

illegally
EX: Intruder alarms are being fitted in many schools as a way of improving
security.

32.Protocol (n) /ˈprəʊtəkɒl/ /ˈproʊtəkɔːl/ [uncountable] a system of fixed

rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings, usually between
governments

EX: The protocol of diplomatic visits is very strictly.

33.Surveillance (n) /sɜːˈveɪləns/ the act of carefully watching a person

suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committ
EX: The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance.

34.Screen (v) /skriːn/ to test or examine someone or something to discover if

there is anything wrong with him, her, or it
EX: Women over 50 should be screened for breast cancer.

35.Counterintuitively (adv) /ˌkaʊntər ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪvli/ in a way that is the

opposite of what you would expect or what seems to be obvious
 EX: Steering a sailboat is counter-intuitive - you push the tiller the opposite
way to the way you want to go.

36.Lockdown (n) /ˈlɒkdaʊn/ a situation in which people are not allowed to

enter or leave a building or area freely because of an emergency
EX: The school has been placed on lockdown this morning while authorities
investigate a bomb threat.

37.Wing (n) /wɪŋ/ a part of a large building that sticks out from the main
part, often having been added at a later date
EX: The maternity department will be in the new wing of the hospital.

38.Bracket (v) /ˈbrækɪt/ to consider people or things to be similar or

connected in some way
EX: It is unfair to bracket together those who cannot work with those who
will not.

39.Haven (n) /ˈheɪvn/ a place that is safe and peaceful where people or
animals are protected
EX: The camp offers a haven to refugees.

40.Outfit (v) /ˈaʊtfɪt/ to provide somebody/something with equipment or

clothes for a special purpose

EX: The ship was outfitted with a 12-bed hospital.

41.Bulletproof (adj) /ˈbʊlɪtpruːf/ that can stop bullets from passing through
it
EX: Police always wear bulletproof vest when working outside.

42. Adjacent (adj) /əˈdʒeɪsnt/ (of an area, a building, a room, etc.) next to
or near something
EX: The planes landed on adjacent runways.
43.Transparency (n) /trænsˈpærənsi/ the characteristic of being easy to see
through
EX: The old-fashioned type of plastic lacked transparency.

44.Interconnectedness (n) connection to or with similar things

EX: Numerous interconnections among people, plants and animals are
what scientists are always curious about.

45.Opaque (adj) /əʊˈpeɪk/ preventing light from travelling through, and

therefore not transparent or translucent
EX: Nowadays people refer transparent glass than opaque one.

46.Partition (n) /pɑːˈtɪʃn/ a vertical structure like a thin wall that separates
one part of a room or building from another
EX: Partition walls are equipped all in my house.

47.Uninterrupted (adj) /ˌʌnˌɪntəˈrʌptɪd/ not stopped or blocked by

anything; continuous and not interrupted
EX: We had an uninterrupted view of the stage.

48.Communal (adj) /kəˈmjuːnl/ shared by, or for the use of, a number of
people, especially people who live together
EX: As a student he tried communal living for a few years.

49.Courtyard (n) /ˈkɔːtjɑːd/ an open space that is partly or completely

surrounded by buildings and is usually part of a castle, a large house, etc.
EX: A loud noise of feet and voices came pouring into the courtyard

50.Frame (v) /freɪm/ to put or make a frame or border around something

EX: Her blonde hair framed her face.

51.Peer (v) /pɪə(r)/ to look closely or carefully at something, especially

when you cannot see it clearly
EX: We peered into the shadows.
52.Robotic (adj) /rəʊˈbɒtɪk/ connected with robots
EX: Robotic lab is set up in some modern school to assist students’
learning.

53.Pedagogy (n) /ˈpedəɡɒdʒi/ the study of the methods and activities of

teaching
EX: Pedagogy provides teachers with strategy to enhance class
management.

54.Toss out /tɒs/: to get rid of or remove something

Ex: She tossed out my old chair.

55.Blueprint /ˈbluːprɪnt/: A design plan or other technical drawing.

Ex: ‘they are redrawing office blueprints to include large shared spaces’

56.Every inch of sth/somewhere (idiom): all of a thing or place

Ex: Every inch of her bedroom wall is covered with photos of pop stars.

57.Corridor = hallway: a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that

open into rooms on either side
Ex: His room is along the corridor.

58.Single-use (adj): used to describe a product that is designed to be used once

only
Ex: We also reprocess for reuse some of the single-use devices that we
manufacture

59.Hybrid (adj) /ˈhaɪbrɪd/: that is the product of mixing two or more different
things
Ex: It takes place in great modern cities, in regions, the Mediterranean
region or California, of deeply hybrid cultures and economies

60.March (v) /mɑːtʃ/ [with object and adverbial of direction] Force (someone)
to walk somewhere quickly.
Ex: Then she flung a arm around his neck, making him bend, and marched
him down the stairs.
61.Lightweight (adj) /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ made of thinner material and less heavy than
usual
Ex: I have a lightweight jacket

62.Alcove (n) /ˈælkəʊv/ an area in a room that is formed by part of a wall

being built farther back than the rest of the wall
Ex: The room's alcoves ensure that plenty of storage units could be
installed without creating a cramped feeling

63.Beanbag (n) /ˈbiːnbæɡ/ a very large bag made of cloth and filled with small
pieces of plastic, used for sitting on

64.Hub (n) /hʌb/: [usually singular] the central and most important part of a
particular place or activity
Ex: It serves to provide a central hub for documents and information
related to biodiversity

65.Mimic (v) copy the way somebody speaks, moves, behaves, etc., especially
in order to make other people laugh
Ex: She's always mimicking the teachers.

66.Start-ups (adj) a small business that has just been started

Ex: Start-ups are very vulnerable in the business world

67.Cutting-edge (adj) /kʌt.ɪŋˈedʒ/very modern and with all the newest features

68.Hands-on (adj) /hændˈzɒn/: involving or offering active participation rather

than theory.
Ex: Members tried their hands at the techniques to gain hands-on
experience.

69.Amphitheater (n) /ˈæmfɪθɪətə(r)/ a round building without a roof and with

rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space

70.Amenity (n) /əˈmiːnəti/ a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable

or easy to live in

71.Imprint (n) /ˈɪmprɪnt/: A mark or outline made by pressing something on to

a softer substance.
72.Suspend (v) /səˈspend/ suspend something/somebody (from something)
(by/on something) (formal) to hang something from something else
Ex: A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.

73.Cistern(n)/ˈsɪs.tən/ a container inwhich water is stored, especially one conn

ected to a toilet or in the roof of a house

74.Authentic (adj) /ɔːˈθentɪk/ /true and accurate

Ex: Most historians accept that the documents are authentic.

75.Photosythetis (n)/fəʊtəʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/ the process by which green plants

turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy obtained from light
from the sun

76.Osmosis (n) /ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ the gradual passing of a liquid through

a membrane (= a thin layer of material) as a result of there being different
amounts of dissolved substances on either side of the membrane
Ex: Water passes into the roots of a plant by osmosis.

77.Set of sth (n) : a group of similar things that belong together in some way
Ex: a set of six chairs

78.Pretty much: (informal) almost; almost completely

Ex: One dog looks pretty much like another to me.

COLLOCATION

78. In turn: Used to convey that an action, process, or situation is the result of
a previous one.
79.Have a point of <idiom>: Have an idea, to acknowledge an idea or
statement that is correct, valid, or worth further consideration.
80.Transform into: Make a marked change in this form or appearance into a
completely one.
81.Access from: Approach, enter, or obtain from something or resources
82. Seal off : To prevent people from entering an area or a building
83.Give way to: Allow oneself to be overcome by or to succumb to <an
emotion or impulse>
84.Open a line of sight into
85.With the intention of
86.Model on: To form, develop, or found something on the basis of something
else.
87.Be framed in
88.Peer into: To look intently with or as if with difficulty
89.Gain from
90.Keep pace

91.Floor-to-ceiling
92.Cutting-edge
93.Cost-effective
94.Sign-in
95.Double-locked