ABSTRACT

In this modern era the whole globe is facing the trauma of depletion of fossil fuel and
degradation of environment. India is one the major oil importer in this era. India imports
nearly 70% of the oil, so the country has been hit hard by increasing cost and
uncertainty. India is continuously looking for a resource that could quench its need for
petroleum and diesel. Recently the biomass resources are being used as alternative fuels
and effective use of those fuels is gaining prominence as a substitute way to solve the
problem of global warming and the energy crisis. But still the minuscule use of
biodiesel in front of diesel is the main problem that the globe is facing. Under Indian
condition only such plants can be considered for biodiesel, which produce non edible
oil in appreciable quantity and can be grown in large scale on non cropped marginal
lands and waste lands. However, the current utilization of non-edible oilseeds is very
low. Bio-diesel has become more attractive recently because of the fact that it is made
from renewable resources. Although short term tests using neat vegetable oil showed
promising results, longer tests led to injector choking, more engine deposits, ring
sticking and thickening of the engine lubricant. These experiences led to the use of
modified vegetable oil as a fuel. Although there are many ways and procedures to
convert vegetable oil into a diesel like fuel, the transesterification process was found to
be the most viable process.
Among all the alternative fuels existing mahua oil is also one. In this work,
conventional laboratory equipment has been used for the transesterification of mahua
oil. Some important properties of esterified mahua oil have been tested for comparison
with diesel fuel, investigations are carried out on a laboratory based diesel engine to
study its performance. The alternative sources of energy is required because of the
following problem faced by human race in present era especially in developing country
like India: depletion fossil fuel, ever increasing fuel price, environmental hazards and
ever increasing energy demands. In India the non-edible oil like mahua (Madhuca
Indica) are available in abundance, which can be converted to biodiesel. The biodiesel
produced has been tested in conventional diesel engine and various engine parameters
have been obtained and graphs were plotted to show the difference between these
parameters. The quantity of smoke released was observed during testing in
conventional diesel engine.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank my supervisor, Dr.Arbind Kumar, for the patient guidance,
encouragement and advice he has provided throughout the work as his student. I have
been extremely lucky to have a supervisor who cared so much about my work, and who
responded to my questions and queries so promptly.
We would also like to thank Dr.Kaushalendra Sharma for his sincere effort throughout
our project work in the chemistry lab. We would also like to thank the chemistry lab
assistant who took out his precious time in busy schedule.
We are also thankful to the faculty members of Mechanical Engineering Department
who provided warm supports for our project works.
We would sincerely thank the purchase department of the institute for providing
financial support to complete the project in time. A very humble thanks to our batch
mates who provided support from time to time.

SHIVAM SARVESH
(BE/15208/14)
MRITUNJAY KUMAR
(BE/15209/14)
MANIKESH KUMAR
(BE/15207/14)
AMAN ANKIT
(BE/15183/14)

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract i
Acknowledgements ii ii
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures iviv
List of Tables v v
List of Symbols vi
vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Problem of pollution in diesel engine 2
1.2. Biodiesel 3
1.3. Advantages of biodiesel 3
1.4. Disadvantages of biodiesel 4
1.5. Sources of biodiesel 4
1.6. Mahua oil as a source of biodiesel? 4
1.7. Mahua(madhuca indica)oil 5
1.8. Applications 5
2. Literature Review 6
2.1. Experimental Investigation 6
2.2. Objective 9
3. Process involved in manufacturing 11
3.1. Methodology 11
3.2. Transesterification 11
3.3. Steps involved in preparation of biodiesel 13
3.4. By product 16
4. Results and discussion 18
4.1. Comparison of properties 18
4.2. Testing and performance of biodiesel and diesel on diesel engine 19
4.3. Graphs 21
5. Conclusion and Future Works 26
References 28

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1 Measuring the FFA of the oil 14

Figure 3.2 Heating the oil 14
Figure 3.3 Leaving the oil in separating funnel to separate 14
Figure 3.4 Separation after 10 min 15
Figure 3.5 Separation after 12hr 15
Figure 3.6 Washing the sample with water 15
Figure 3.7 Biodiesel 16
Figure 4.1 Conventional diesel engine 19

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Properties of diesel, biodiesel and raw 18

mahua oil
Table 2 Performance of B5 on diesel engine 19
Table 3 Performance of B10 on diesel engine 19
Table 4 Performance of diesel(B00) on diesel engine 20

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 LIST OF SYMBOLS

BSFC Brake specific fuel consumption

FFA Free fatty acids
Nm Newton metre
𝑚̇ Mass flow rate
Kg Kilogram
h Hour
s Second
W Watt
MJ Mega joule
RPM Revoutions per minute
Cm Centimetre
T Torque
T1 Water inlet temperature calorimeter
T2 Water outlet temperature calorimeter
T3 Exhaust temperature
T4 Exhaust inlet temperature calorimeter
T5 Exhaust outlet temperature calorimeter
T6 Water inlet temperature to engine
T7 Water outlet temperature from engine
T8 Room temperature
n Efficiency

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