Building Automation

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 Objective
• Understand what is a building automation system
• Understand the architecture, components and test
parameters of structure cabling system
• Apply and design data and voice infrastructure in
buildings

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 Building Automation
What is Building Automation System
• A real-time, on line, microprocessor-based system
using computer type hardware under software
control
• Optimize operation energy costs, maintenance and
manpower costs
• Provide environment comfort and safety of
occupants
• Can be integrated with other systems
• Provide building facility personnel thru’ HMI (MMI)
in control center to monitor, operate and
management the plant
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Building Automation

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 Architecture of a BAS
Usually comprises three or more levels:
1. Floor device level
2. Building control network level
3. Management level

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 1. Floor Level Equipment
• The equipment at this level that formed part of BAS
are:
• Sensors
• Actuators
• Signal cable connecting sensors and actuators to the
DDC
• Interface to the proprietary system such as chillers,
lifts and escalators

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 2. Building Control Network Level
The network consists of
• Direct digital controllers (DDC)
• Power cable
• Network interface devices
• Modem
• Network Router/Gateway
• Communication cable-twisted pair

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 3. Management Network Level
• Attached to this network such as:
• PCs, workstation, servers
• Printers
• Auto-paging system (optional)
• Modem

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 Application of BAS
Building Automation provide monitor and control to:
• Air-conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation System
(ACMV)
• Electrical System
• Fire & Life Safety
• Plumbing and Drainage Systems
• Lifts and Escalator Systems
• Security System

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Application of BAS

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 Monitor and Control Points
Sensor and actuators are connected to the DDC
terminations
• Analogue input (AI) – receiving signal from sensors
such as temperature, pressure, runtime, energy
usage, current, voltage and kilowatt.

• Analogue output (AO) – positioning actuators for

regulating devices such as control valves, dampers
and variable speed drives

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 Monitor and Control Points
• Digital input (DI) – flow switches, level switches,
electrical volt-free contacts, sensors door contact,
push button, break glass detectors and motion
detectors

• Digital output (DO) – start/stop to chillers, AHU,

supply and exhaust fans, on/off lightings

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Point Schedule

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 Control Loop
A control system comprises of a sensor that measures
the control variable and conveys values to a controller
which compares the value of the controlled variable
with set point and a difference occurs, generates a
signal to the controlled devices for corrective action.

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Motor Speed Control Loop

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 Direct Digital Controller (DDC)
• The digital controller has a microprocessor,
memories, data conversion electronics, power
supply, communication channels and its terminals.

• Networking capabilities

• Types of wiring:
– Power wires
– Signal Cable
– Communication media

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Direct Digital Controller (DDC)

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 Application of Control
Selection of control equipment is affected by:
• Type
• Function
• Location of control points in the system

DDC in general is located near the AHU

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Control Schematic of a AHU

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 Installation of BAS Components
• Organization engineer or consultants must work
closely with BAS contractor
• Organization representation must attend the
commissioning tests
• Operation in Effectively and efficiently.
– Mounting of field elements
– Calibrating the sensing elements
– Programmable

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 Field Monitoring and Control Points
• Provide appropriate switches, sensors, transducers
and actuators have to be installed.
• All monitoring and control points has to be hard
wired to DDC interfacing panel which is completed
with termination strips with complete identification
and power surge protection form line voltage signal
and electrical interference from other building
services

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 Installation of Sensors
• Field sensors such as pressure flow switch, water
flow switches to be installed in water pipes are hot
tapped type.
• Located in straight horizontal run pipe where
turbulence is minimum.
• Termination box of these sensors should be at the
highest point on the pipe section to avoid water drip.
• Temperature sensor may be located at convenience
section of the pipes, bends and elbows are ideal
location where turbulence generate good mixing of
water system
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 DDC Panel and Interfacing Panel
• DDC interfacing panel has to be installed at every
AHU room, main AC plant room, fan room, HT
substation, LT switch room, generator room, water
tank room, lift motor room and other mechanical
and electrical room. Interfacing panel should be
located not more than 3 m from monitored and
controlled equipment to minimize wiring run.
• Provide sufficient point capacity with power supply
located to next every interfacing panel.
• House in an enclosure with door and lock.
• Sufficient space with good ventilation
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 Wiring and Transmission Line
• All wiring between field points and the interfacing
panel shall be installed in work-man-like manner and
routs approved by consultants. Ensure system
integrity and performance. No maintenance , access
or conflict with other systems.
• Wiring of sensors i.e. room temperature, humidity
sensors and flow sensors must be suitable size
conductor.
• Signal cable shall not be installed with line voltage
conductor in the same conduit
• All conduits shall be secured, free from obstructions.
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 Wiring and Transmission Line
• Exposed conduits shall be treated with approved
color paint to identify BAS services
• Wiring/cable in BAS commend center
interconnecting workstations, servers, PC shall be
run inside raised floor.
• All trucking and conduits that have to be routed in
between floors shall use the available risers. Avoid
floor penetration.

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