Course: Specialist Diploma in M & Co-ordination

Topic: Understanding BSAC (Building Structures

Tutorials - 1

1. How the loads are transferred from the floor slab to ground in a RC framed building
with a pile foundation?

Floor slab

Ground
(Hard soil)

2.
Any 2 functions of a retaining system for a deep excavation

1. …………………………………………………………….

2. ................................................................................................

3. List the 5 types of retaining systems in the order of rigidity and state any one major
advantage & any one major disadvantage.

Types of retaining system Advantage Disadvantage

1. …

2. …

3. …

4. ….

5. ….

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4. Which of the retaining systems are made of reinforced concrete?

5. List the following soils in the order of increasing bearing capacity and indicate the
bearing capacity of the soil.

Gravel, mudstone, sandstone, marine clay, loose fine sand

Type of soil Bearing capacity (kN/m2)

1. …

2. …

3. …

4. ….

5. ….

6. List suitable foundation types for the following applications

Applications Most suitable types of foundations

Low-rise building with load-bearing walls

Low-rise building with columns are closely

spaced

Medium-rise building. Soil within 3 m from

ground level contains very soft soil and
moisture content is high.

Low-rise building with a combination of

columns and bearing walls.

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 7. Which pile types are most suitable for retrofitting works?

8. List any 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of Driven Piles compared to Bored Piles?

Driven Piles
Advantages Disadvantages

9. List any 3 applications of the following pile foundations.

Jack-in piling Micropiles

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 10. Answer the following for Bakau piles:

Applications Advantages Disadvantages

11 List the types of reinforcement bars in a pile cap construction.

12 What is meant by Grade 35 concrete? Fill-in-the gaps.

Grade 35 concrete has a characteristic cube _______________ of _________ after

_____ days of __________.

13 State the purpose of adding the following admixture in concrete.

Admixtures Purpose

Superplasticizers

Accelerators

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14 Fill-in the blanks

In a water/cement ratio, if amount of water increases, the strength of concrete will

________________.

15 What is curing? List method of curing for the following concrete components.

What is curing?

Components Suitable method of curing

Slabs

Beams

Columns

16. In a reinforced concrete beam, there are in total 15 number of stirrups (links) spaced
at 75 mm c/c. The stirrups are made of 10mm diameter mild steel bars. Assume bar
mark number. Write the reinforcement reference for the above.

Reinforcement reference

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17. What is concrete cover? List the 3 purpose of providing concrete cover?

Concrete cover is

Purposes:
1. ………………………………………………………………

2. ………………………………………………………………

3. ………………………………………………………………

18. Write in the order of concrete cover required( Lower to higher) for the concrete
components.

External columns, pile foundations, internal beams, columns in a marine

environment.

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 Tutorials – Part 2

19. State at least 2 purpose of form release agents? List the type of oils that are not
suitable as form release agents and state why?

Any 2 purpose of form release agents

1. …………………………………………………………….

2. ................................................................................................

Oil is not suitable and why?

…………………………………………………………….

................................................................................................

20. Arrange in the order from lower to higher duration after which a formwork can be
dismantled for the following concrete components. Write the duration for each item.

Props to beams, sides of columns, sides of cantilever beams, soffit of cantilever slabs,
soffit of beams

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21. List the 4 advantages and 3 disadvantages of steel structures.

Advantages Disadvantages
1. …
1. …

2. …
2. …

3. …
3. …

4. ….

Page 80
Page 79

22. Explain the applications of the following structural steel components.

Plate girder Splices

Base plate Gusset plate

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23.

Methods of fire protection for steel structures Suitable for the components

24. What is precast concrete construction?

25. State the advantages of precast concrete construction compared to the conventional cast-
in-situ concrete construction.

Advantages

1. …

2. ……

3. …

4. ….

5. ….

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26. What are the applications of prestressed concrete?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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