Machine Design PDF

Machine
Design
Solutions for Volume – I _ Classroom Practice Questions
03. Ans: (a)

Chapter- 1 Sol: G = 0.8  103 MPa
Static Loads T1 G1

J1 l1
01. Ans: (d)
4905.33  10 3  0.5  10 3
Sol: t = 0.2 mm, d = 25 mm, 1 

 80 4  0.8  10 5
E = 100 GPa 32
M E b = 7.62103 radian
 
I R y 180
= 7.62103  = 0.436 degrees
 0 .2  
100  10 3   
 2 
b   800 MPa
 25  04. Ans: (b)
 
 2  Sol:
b
02. Ans: (b) 120 kN d 120 kN
Sol: T1 T2
0.5 m 1m
P = 120 kN, t = 13 mm
120 103
T  75 MPa
(b  d) t
T = T1 + T2 120  10 3
 75
 = 1 = 2 (b  22)  13
T1l1 T2 l 2  b = 145 mm

GJ 1 GJ 2
7358  1 05. Ans: (b)
T1   4905.33 Nm
1.5 Sol: Force applied on the bar = 95  100  t N
7358  0.5 Maximum stress induced
T2   2452.66 Nm
1.5 Force
=
Maximum shear stress Minimum area
16 T1 16  4905.33  10 3 95  100  t
  = 48.8 MPa   100 MPa
d 3   80 3 (100  5)  t
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:2: ME – ESE_ Vol – I _ Solutions
06. Ans: (c)

Sol: By taking moment of force about the axis of
Chapter- 2
fulcrum Theories of Failure
2.25  1.25 = P 15
P = 1.875 kN 01. Ans: (c)
Sol:  = 60 MPa,  = 40MPa,
07. Ans: (c) Syt = 330 MPa
Sol: The reaction force acting on the pin According to maximum principal theory
R  2.25 2  1.875 2  2.928 kN S yt
1 =
F.S
R = Pressure  (Projected area of the pin)
2
= 6.5  (d1  l1) = 6.5  (d1  2 d1) 60  0  60  0 
1     
2
( l1  2d 1 ) 2  2 
 30  50  80 MPa
2.928 103 = 6.5  2  d 12
330
d1 = 15 mm  80   F.S  4.125
F.S
08. Ans: (a)

02. Ans: (c)
Sol: d = 30 mm, t = 3 mm
40 0 
Outer diameter = 30 + 2  t Sol: Given    
 0  30
= 30 + 2 3 = 36mm
Speed ratio = 4:1 1 = 40, 2 = –30 , yt = 350 MPa
Max shear stress theory
60  10  10 3
T  190.985 Nm 1   2 Ssy S yt
2000  max   
2 
4 2 FOS 2  FS
T  40  30 350
  
J r 2 2  FS
Maximum shear stress 350
 FS  =5
16  190.985  10 3 70
= = 40.27MPa
 36 4  30 4 
 
 36  03. Ans: (d)
Sol: d = 50 mm, L = 250 mm,
P = 235 kN, Sut = 480 MPa

:3: Machine Design
According to maximum shear stress theory

Ssy
 max 
235 kN F.S
S yt
 max 
250 mm
2  F.S
200
50   F.S = 2
According maximum shear stress theory 2  F.S
1   2 S yt
 max  
2 2  F.S 05. Ans: (d)
x =  & y = 0 and xy = 0 Sol: Given thin cylindrical shell
235  10 3 di = 4.6 m, p = 0.210 MPa
  119.68 MPa
 t = 16 mm, Syt = 260 MPa
 50 2
4 Fs = ?
 S ut pd 0.21  4.6  10 3
 max   h  
2 2  F.S 2t 2  16
480 119.68 pd 0.21  4.6  10 3
 l    15.09 MPa
2  F.S 2 4t 4  16
 F.S = 4 h = 1= 30.18 MPa
t = 2 = 15.08 MPa
04. Ans: (b)
3 = 0
Sol: Ft = 48 kN Syt = 200 MPa
 1   2
FS = 18 kN FS = ?  2
Since bolts are made of ductile material, so 
 1
 max  Max. of 
we can use maximum shear stress theory
 2
48  10 3  2
  80 MPa  2
600 
18  10 3 30.18  15.08
  30 MPa  7.55
600 2
30.18  0

2
 80 
2
i.e., 15.09
 max      2     30 2 2
2  2 15.08
 7..54
= 50 MPa 2
max = 15.09
According max shear stress theory 08. Ans: (a)

Ssy Sol: FT = 20 kN, Fs = 15 kN
15.09 =
F.S Syt = 360 MPa, Fs = 3, d=?
Sy FT 20  103
15.09 =   N / mm 2
2  FS A A
260 FS 15  103
FS =  8.62   N / mm 2
2  15.09 A A
2
 
06. Ans: (c) 1 &  2       2
2 2
Sol: t = 200 MPa = 1
S yt
c = 100 MPa = 2   12   22   1 2
FS
Syt = 500 MPa
According to distortion energy theory
Tresca theory
2

   
1   2 S yt  1       2    max   R
 max   2 2 2 2
2 2  FS
200  (100) 500  
2
 R     2
2 2  FS 2
FS = 1.666 = 1.67
 eq   12   22   1 2
2 2
07. Ans: (b)        
   R    R    R  R
Ssy 2  2  2  2 
Sol:  max 
FS 2
 
S yt  eq     3R 2
 max  2
2  FS
2 2
   
 
2
 eq     3     2
But  max   b    2 2 2
 2 
S yt
2  eq   2  3 2 
 55  Fs
=    (31.5) 2 = 41.81
 2 2 2
 20  103   15 103  360
S yt 284     3   
FS   = 3.39  A   A  3
2   max 2  41.81
103 360
 202  3  152 
A 3
:5: Machine Design
 A = 273.22 mm2 = (/4) d2 Torque, T = 5  103  0.5

 d = 18.65mm Syt = 425 MPa
Bending moment
09. Ans: (b) M = 5  103  2.5 = 12500 Nm
Sol: Maximum shear stress
F T A T F 16T 16  2.5  10 3
= 
d 3   (0.1) 3
 = 12732395 N/m2 = 12.73 MPa
 A 
Maximum bending stress
 32 M 32  12500
b  
d 3   (0.1) 3
FS = 2, Syt = 310 MPa, = 127323954 N/m2
F = 40 kN , = 127.32 MPa
d = 20 mm, T=?
Major principal stress

According to Distortion Energy Theory 2
b
 
S yt 1    b   2
  2  3 2 2  2 
FS
2
F 40 127.32  127.32 
  = 127.32 MPa      (12.73)
2
 2  2  2 
d  20 2
4 4
 128.58 MPa
310
2
 127.32 2
 3 2
 Minor principal stress
2
  = 51.03 MPa 127.32  127.32 
2      (12.73)
2
16T 2  2 

d 3 = –1.26 MPa
16T According to Tresca’s theory of failure
 51.03 
  203 Ssy S yt 1   2
 
 T = 80157.73 Nmm = 80.157 Nm FS 2  FS 2
425 128.58  1.26
10. Ans: (b)  
FS 2
Sol: P = 5 kN , d = 10 cm = 0.1 m FS = 3.27
11. Ans: (a) 13. Ans: (b)

Sol: Syt = 200 N/mm2 Sol: T = 10 kN-m , M = 10 kN-m
FS = 2.5 Equivalent torque,
d Te = 10 2  10 2 = 14.14 kN-m
=2
b
16Te 16  14.14
S yt 200 max = =
= b = = 80 MPa d 3
d 3
FS 2.5
According to Maximum shear stress theory
b2b 
3 3
bd
I= = = 0.66b4 max =
S sy
12 12 FS
Maximum Bending moment,
16  14.14 Ssy
M = 5 1500 + 5  500 =
d 3 1.5
= 10000 103N-mm 16  14.14  1.5 108.02
Ssy = =
d 3 d3
M 10 7 d
80 = y = 4
 For M = 5 kN-m and T = 6 kN-m
I 0.66b 2
10 7 2b Te = 5 2  6 2 = 7.81 kN-m
80 = 4

0.66b 2
maxFS = constant
 b = 57.42 mm
16  7.81  FS
=
d 3
12. Ans: (b)
16  14.14  1.5
Sol: x = 100 MPa , y = 40 MPa,  = 40 MPa =
d 3
2
100  40  100  40   FS = 2.7
=     40
2
2  2 
1 = 70 + 30 2  40 2 = 120 MPa
2 = 70  30 2  40 2 = 20 MPa
According Distortion Energy Theory
S yt
12   22  1 2 
FS
360
120 2  20 2  120  20 =  FS = 3.23
FS

:7: Machine Design
Se = 0.5 Sut

Chapter- 3 = 0.5440 = 220MPa
Fluctuating Loads Se = 0.670.850.90.897 Ke  Se
Kf = Actual stress concentration modifying factor
01. Ans: (c)
Kf = 1 + q(Kt 1)
Sol: Given:
= 1 + 0.8(1.37) = 2.096
b = 50 mm , d = 10 mm
Ke = Stress concentration modifying factor
t = 10 mm ,  = 62.5 MPa
1 1
Area, A = (b  d) t = = = 0.48
Kf 2.096
= (50 – 10)10 = 400 mm2
 Se = 48.63MPa
F
max = For completely reverse load
A
m = 0
F = max  A
16 10 3
= 62.5  400 = 25000 N a 
50  10t
F = 25 kN
400
 a = N/mm2
t
02. Ans: (b)
Sol: Given: a m 1   
   Here m  0 
Se S ut F.S  S ut 
Su = 440 MPa q = 0.8
Ka = 0.67 Kb = 0.85 Se 48.63 400
a =  
Kc = 0.9 Kd = 0.897 F.S 1 .5 t
Kt = 2.37 F.S = 1.5  t = 12.3 mm
t = 12 mm
Goodman’s equation
a m 1 03. Ans: (b)
 
S e S ut F.S Sol: F = 50 kN, Sut = 300 MN/m2
S 'e = 200 MN/m2 , Kt = 1.55, q = 0.9
Se = Endurance strength of standard M=?
specimen under ideal conditions. Kf = 1 + q(Kt – 1)
Se = Modified endurance strength = 1 + 0.9(1.55 – 1) = 1.495
1 ' 200
Se = Se =  133.779
Se = Ka Kb Kc Kd Se Kf 1.495

Similarly
M 37.5mm 25mm M  2 max = 175 MPa,
50 kN 50 kN  2 min = 25 MPa
3.75mm
175  25
F 2m = = 100 MPa
Mean stress, m = 2
A
150
F 50  10 3 2a = = 75 MPa
= =  101.85 MPa 2
 2  2
d (25) According to Soderberg’s equation
4 4
a m 1
32 M 32 M  
Stress amplitude,  a   S e S ut F.S
d 3
(25) 3
According to Goodman’s equation Here,
a m 1 Se = Ka Kb …. S'e
 
S e S ut FS
1
32M 101.85 =  250 =135 N/mm2
 1 1.85
(25) 3
300
According DET
133.779
 S yt 
 M = 135.5 N-m meq     12   22  1 2
 F.S 
04. Ans: (b)  meq = 12m   22 m  1m  2 m

Sol: Given: = 86.6MPa
1 = 50 MPa to +150 MPa
aeq =  12a   22a   1a 2 a
2 = 25 MPa to 175 MPa
= 90.14 MPa
Sut = 500 MPa, Se = 250 MPa
Kt = 1.85
Substituting these values in Soderberg’s
1 max = 150 MPa, 1min = 50MPa
equation
1 max  1 min 90.14 86.6 1
1mean =  
2 135 500 F.S
150  50  F.S = 1.2
= =50 MPa
2
150  50
1a = = 100MPa
2

:9: Machine Design
Common Data for Questions 05 & 06 10 5 3 1

  
181 10  180.4  10  180.15  10  L
5 5 5
05. Ans: (c) & 06. Ans: (a)

L = 42352.94 Cycles
Sol: Se = 280 MPa
1
Sf = 0.9 Sut for 103 Cycles For 18 cycles   60
2
Su = 600 MPa
42352.94 cycles  ? L
N = 103 cycles Sf = ?
 L = 19.6 hrs
Basquin’s equation,
A = Sf LB
08. Ans: (a)
A = 280(106)B ……… (1)
Sol: d = 50 mm
A = (0.9600)103B
Tmax = 2 kN-m
A = 540  103B ……… (2)
Tmin = –0.8 kN-m
By solving (1) and (2),
Ssy = 225 MPa,
A = 1041.42
FS = ? (Soderberg)
B = 0.095
Sse = 150 MPa
 1041.42 = SfL0.095
2  (0.8)
1041.42 = Sf (200103)0.095 Ta   1.4 kN  m
2
Sf = 326 MPa 2  0.8
0.095 Tm   0.6 kN  m
 1041.42 = 420  L 2
 L = 1.4 104 cycles 16 Tm 16  0.6  10 6
m    24.446 MPa
d 3 (50) 3
07. Ans: (d) 16 Ta 16(1.4) 10 6
a    57.04 MPa
Sol: Sf1 = 500 MPa N1 = 10 cycles d 3  (50) 3
5
L1 = 1  10 cycles a m 1
Sf2 = 600 MPa, N2 = 5 cycles  
S e S yt FS
L2 = 0.4 105 cycles
a m 1
Sf3 = 700 MPa, N3 = 3 cycles  
Sse Ssy FS
L3 = 0.15  105 cycles
24.446 57.04 1
1  2  3 1  
   225 150 FS
L1 L 2 L L
 FS = 2.04
N1 10
1 = =
N1  N 2  N 3 18

: 10 : ME – ESE_ Vol – I _ Solutions
09. Ans: (c) eq =  2  3 2

Sol: L1= 10 hours
 meq   2m  3 2m  3  36.5 2
N1 = 9.8 hours
N2 = 8.2 hours  63.21 MPa
L2 = ?  aeq   a2  3 a2  130 2  3(20.5) 2
= 134.76 MPa
According to Miner’s Equation,
According to Goodman’s equation,
N1 N 2
 1  aeq  meq 1
L1 L 2  
Se S ut Fs
9.8 8.2
  1 134.76 63.21 1
10 L 2  
224.4 1400 FS
L2 = 410 hours  FS  1.54
Common Data for Questions 10 & 11
10. Ans: (c) & 11. Ans: (d)

Sol: max = + 130 MPa
min = –130 MPa
1 1
Kd  
K f 1  0.95(1.85  1)
Se = Ka Kb Kc Kd S 'e
1
 0.76  0.85  0.897  (0.5  1400)
1  0.95(1.85  1)
= 224.411 MPa
 For a completely reversed,
m = 0 ;
a = 130 MPa
57  16
m =  36.5 MPa
2
57  16
a   20.5 MPa
2

: 11 : Machine Design
Common Data Question (03, 04, 05)

Chapter- 4 Given, d = 30 mm
Riveted Joints
t = 40 MPa = 40 N/mm2
P = 90 mm
01. Ans: (b)
s = 30 MPa = 30 N/mm2
d
Sol: Given  0.5 t = 12.5 mm
p
c = 55 MPa = 55 N/mm2
F p F
Tearing 03. Ans: (b)
Area
pd
Sol: Tearing Efficiency =
p
pd
Tearing efficiency = 90  30 60
p = =
90 90
 d
p1   2
p =  100
=  3
p
Tearing = 66.67%
d
= 1  = 1  0.5
p
04. Ans: (b)
= 0.5 ×100 = 50 %
Sol: Strength of Riveted plate = P = p×t×t
P = 90 ×12.5 × 40
02. Ans: (d)
= 45000 N
Sol: Resultant Force  F12  F22
Shearing Resistance,
 4 2  32  2
PS = d  t
= 5 kN 4

F
F1  F2   F  2F2  2  3  6 kN Ps = 302  30
2 4
F 5000 = 21206N
Stress   = 10 MPa
2 500 PS 21206
Shear efficiency = 
F L P 45000
C
r  r22
1
2 = 0.47 = 47%
As r1 and r2 not given, so it is not possible to

calculate eccentricity (L).
05. Ans: (c) 07. Ans: (d)

Sol: Crushing Strength Sol: Given:
PC = d ×t ×c t = 7 mm,
= 30 × 12.5 × 55 n=3
= 20625 N t = 80 MPa = 80 N/mm2
Tearing Strength s = 60 MPa = 60 N/mm2
Pt = (p – d)t × t c = 120 MPa = 120 N/mm2
= (90  30)12.5 × 40 = 30,000 N Let p = pitch of rivets,
Shear Strength d = 18 mm
PS = 21206 N , P = 45000 N Tearing resistance is
Strength of riveted joint Pt = (p – d)t × t
Least value among PC , Pt & PS = (p – 18)7 × 80
=
P = 560(p – 18) N ……. (1)
20625 
  0.458 = 45.8% Ps  d 2   s  
45000 4

182  60  3 = 45804 N …….. (2)
06. Ans: (c) 4
Sol: Given t = 7 mm From equations (1) and (2)
s = 60 MPa = 60 N/mm2 560(p18) = 45804
c = 120 MPa = 120 N/mm2 p = 99.79
n = 3 (Triple riveted joint) p  100 mm

PS = n × × d2 × s
4 08. Ans (a)
 2 S yt
=3× d  60  141.4d 2 N …...(1) Sol: = 90 N/mm2
4 FS
PC = n× d ×t × c = 3 ×d ×7 ×120 Ssy
= 75 N/mm2
= 2520d N …….. (2) FS
From equations (1) & (2) S yc
2 = 150 N/mm2
141.4 d = 2520d FS
2520 Shear strength = crushing strength
d=  17.8  18mm
141.4
 2 Ssy S yc
d  = d t
4 FS FS

150 FB  0.05 P  FC
d = 6 4
75  
d = 15.27 mm P×e=
FA 2
lA

l A  l 2B  l c2  l 2D 
FA = FB = 0.15 P
09. Ans: (b)
Resultant load on rivet A
Sol: Given:
RA = Ps + FA = 0.25P + 0.15P = 0.4P
s = 100 MPa = 100 N/mm2
Resultant load on rivet B,
d = 20 mm, n=4
RB = PS + FB = 0 .25P + 0.05P
Direct shear load on each rivet
= 0.3P
P P
PS    0.25P Resultant load on rivet C,
n 4
RC = PS – FC = 0.25P – 0.05P = 0.2P
PA = PB = PC = PD = PS
Resultant load on rivet D,
All dimensions are in mm
FD RD = PS – FD = 0.25P – 0.15P = 0.1P
PSD RA is the maximum shear load
D
 2
200 D
0.40P = d ×s
FC 4
PSC
200 C C 
F 0.4P = 202 100  31420
4
B FB
200 PSB 31420
A
B P=  78.55 kN  78 kN
0.4
FA
PSA
A 10. Ans: (b)
From figure,
Sol: Tensile load (Ft)
lA = lD = 200 + 100 = 300 mm
= (p – d)t  t
lB = lC =100 mm
= (60–20)  15  120 = 72000N
[ Secondary shear loads are proportional
= 72 kN
to their radial distances from the C.G ]
 2 
P×e=
FB 2
lB

l A  l 2B  l c2  l 2D  Shear Load (Fs) =
4
 d     20 2  90
4
= 28274.33 N = 28.274 kN
F
 
= B 2 l 2A  2l 2B ( lA = lD & lB = lc)
lB Crushing load (Fc) = d  t  c
F

P × 100 = B 2300  2100
100
2 2
 = 20  15  160
= 48000 N = 48 Kn
Load carrying capacity (F)

= Minimum of (Ft, Fs & Fc)
= 28.274 kN Chapter- 5
Threaded Fasteners
Linked Answer Questions 11 & 12:
01. Ans: (b)
11. Ans: (a) Sol: Given d = 24 mm
Sol: No. of Rivets = 2 Fi = 2840 d = 2840×24
4 Fi
Primary shear load P1 = = 2 kN t 
2  2
dc
Per1 4
Secondary shear load P2 =
r  r22
1
2
Here, dc = 0.84d  dc = 0.84 × 24
4 103  1.8  0.2 0.2 2840  24

= t 

0.2 2  0.2 2 (0.84  24) 2
4
= 20000 N = 20 kN
 t  213.529 MPa
12. Ans: (b)

Sol: 02. Ans: (c)
P1
P1 Sol: Given
d = 36 mm
CG P2
P dc = 0.84 d = 0.8436
r1 r2 Q
F.S = 1.5
Syt = 280 MPa
P2
s yt 280
t = 
Resultant load on Rivet P = P2 P1 F .s 1.5
= 18 kN 
P= d c2 t
4

Resultant shear stress on Rivet P = 0.84  362  280
4 1.5
18  10 3
= = 159 MPa = 134066 N

 12 2
P = 134 kN
4

03. Ans: (d) Syt = 300 MPa

Sol: Given pitch = 4 mm n =8
 2
Torque (T) = 1.4 kN-mm
Fb = Load (P) =
4
 
D P
Work done = force distance

Forcedistance = Torque Angle of rotation 2502 1.2
F4 = T = 4 = 7363.1 N
n
1.4  2
F= = 2.199 kN = 2.2 kN Fb S yt
4 t = 
A b F.S
04. Ans: (d) 7.36  10 3 300

 
Sol: Given Ab 5
F = 5.3 kN ,  Ab = 122.66 mm2
C = 0.25 ,
P = 9.6 kN 07. Ans: (d)
Fb = CP +Fi Sol: Given,
= (0.25) (9.6) + (5.3) D = 500 mm
Fb = 7.7 kN n=8
P = 20 bar = 2 MPa
05. Ans: (c) Km = 3Kb
Sol: Km = 4Kb Kb 1
c   0.25
Kb K b K m 4
C= =0.2
Kb  Km To avoid leakage
To open the joint Load (P) = Pr A
(1–C)P = Fi 
2 5002
P 1 1 = 4 = 49 kN
 = = 1.25 8
Fi 1  C 1  0.2
For leak proof joint Fm  0
Fi = (1 C) P
06. Ans: (b)
Sol: Given Fi = (1 0.25) 49
D = 250 mm = 36.75 kN  37 kN
Pressure = 12 bar = 1.2 MPa
F.S = 5

Linked Answer Q 08 & 09 S yt

CP   A b  Fi
FS
08. Ans: (d) 650
Sol: Syt = 650 MPa CP  115  59800
1
A = 115 mm2 CP = 14950
6
Km = 1.710 N/mm , 14950
5 2 P  59800 N = 59.8 kN  60 kN
Ecu = 1.0510 N/mm 0.25
Esteel = 2105 N/mm2
Fi = 0.8SytA = 0.8 650 115 = 59800 N Linked Answer Q 10 & 11
For bolt,
10. Ans: (b)
P Pb A E
Kb = b  = b b
 b Pb .l b lb 11. Ans: (a)
AbEb Sol: Given
115  2  10 5 d = 20 mm, Syt = 630 MPa
= = 5.75 105 N/mm
20  20 Se = 350 MPa, F.S = 2.5
Where, lb = t1 + t2 = 20 + 20 = 40 mm Core area of bolt = 2.45 cm2 = 245 mm2
Kb m = 180MPa
Stiffness factor C = = 0.25
Kb  Km
Soderberg’s criterion
a  m 1
 
09. Ans: (a) Se S yt F.s
Sol: Safe external load that can be applied safely
 a 180 1
on the joint  
350 630 2.5
(1C)P  Fi = 0 a 1 180
 
(1– 0.25)P = 59800 N 350 2.5 630
P = 79733 N = 79.733 kN a = 40MPa
For strength For calculating maximum & minimum
Fb S yt values of varying loads.
t = 
A FS max =  mean   a  180  40  220 MPa
S yt  A b
 Fb  Pmax = maxArea = 220245 = 54 kN
FS
min =  mean   a  180  40  140 MPa
S yt  A b
CP  Fi  Pmin = minArea = 140245 = 34 kN
FS

12. Ans: (b) PA = CL2 (tensile load)

Sol: F.S = 3 , Syt = 400 N/mm2 , P = 5 kN PL
= L2
Direct shear load 
2 L  L22
2
1 
10  550
PS1 =  325 = 8 kN
250
5kN

2 75 2  325 2 
PS2 P
75 Pdirect =  2.5 kN = PA = PB
PS3 4
75 Bolt ‘A’ is subjected to maximum load
PS1
Rankine Theory
 Total Tensile load on bolt = PA+ PA
5 = 8+ 2.5 = 10.5kN
Ps = =1.67 kN
3
F S yt
Secondary shear Load, PS1 t  
 2 FS
5  250 dc
=  75  8.3kN 4
75  0 2  752
2
10.5 400

Resultant Load (R) = P P
2 2  2 6
S S1 dc
4
= 1.67 2  8.32 dc = 14.16
= 8.498 kN dc
d  17.7  18mm
 S 0 .8
R  d 2  sy [Syt = 2  Ssy]
4 F.s
 2 S yt 14. Ans: (c)
8.498103 =
4
 
d 
2  F.s Sol: Given
d = 12.74mm  13mm n=4, P = 5 kN

Syt = 380 N/mm2
13. Ans: (a) F.S = 5 , dc = 0.8 d
Sol: n = 4 PtA = KL2 = (Tensile)
P = 10 kN PL
=  L2
Syt = 400 N/mm2

2 L  L22
2
1 
FS = 6 5  250
 375
dc = 0.8d 
2 75 2  375 2 
= 1.6 kN
Using Rankine theory

P 5
Pshear =  = 1.25 kN
4 4
Direct shear load,
Chapter- 6
Welded Joints
P
PSA = PSB = = 1.25 kN
4
Bolts at ‘A’ is under maximum bending 01. Ans (b)
Sol: Given: s = 10 mm ,
Rankine Theory  = 80 MPa
PSA 1.25  10 3 P = 0.707 s  l  
 
A A = 0.70710  10  80 = 5.6kN
 2
A= dc
4 02. Ans (b)
Pt A 1.6 10 3
Sol: Given, P = 400 kN ,
t  
A A  = 80 MPa
2
t   Ssy
1    t    2xy P = 2 0.707  s   
2  2 FS
2 400 1000 = 2 .70710 80 l
1.6  10 3 1  1.6 10 3 
  1.25 10 3 
2
1    400000
2A A  2  2l =
0.707  10  80
2292.22 Total length = 2l  703 mm
 N / mm 2
A
03. Ans: (a)

According to Rankine Theory
Sol: Given:
S yt
1  P = 340 kN = 340000 N
FS
Ssy
2292.22 380 = 80 MPa,
  FS
A 5
s =15 mm
 2
 A = 30.16 mm =  d c2 Ssy
4 P = 0.707s l 
FS
 dc = 6.196 mm
340  10 3  0.707  15  l  80
6.196
d= = 7.745 mm l = 400 mm length of weld adjusted on both
0.8
sides i.e., 200 mm on each side.

04. Ans: (b) pd

 l = h = = 1
Sol: S = 10 mm, P = 4 kN/cm 4t
Ssy According to Rankine Theory
Ptransverse = 0.707  S l 
FS S yt
1 =
4 kN  1 cm FS
180 pd
180 kN = = 45 cm = 450 mm = 85
4 4t
 l + 100 + l = 450 p  15  10 3
 = 85
 l = 175 mm 4  10
 p = 0.226 MPa
05. Ans (a)
Sol: Given: d = 60 mm , s = 10 mm, 07. Ans: (b)
  70MPa Sol: Weld
T T T S
= r = r =
J 2r t
3
2r 2 t D0
D2 D1
T
=
2r  0.707s
2
T
= 2
d D1 = 205 mm, D2 = 200 mm
2   0.707  s
4 D0 = 210 mm,
2.83T Ssy
= = 110 MPa
sd 2
FS
s = Size of the weld 210  205
s= = 2.5 mm
70   10  (60) 2 2
T
2.83 t = 0.707 s = 0.707 2.5 = 1.7675 mm
= 2797460 N-mm  T = 2.797 kN-m Force = Pressure  Area
 2
=P D 2 ………. (1)
06. Ans (a) 4
Sol: t = 10 mm Ssy
F = D1t  ……….. (2)
d = 15103 mm FS
S yt
= 85 MPa
FS

r1 = distance between two centroids.

Equate (1) & (2) D1 t rmax = distance from centroid to maximum
 2 Ssy distance on weld
P D 2  D1 t
4 FS  b2 b2  2b 3 t
D1t  J = b t     2 =
205  4  1.7675 12 4  3
P=  110
(200) 2 2 2
b b b
P = 3.9857 MPa rmax =     =
2 2 2
08. Ans: (a)  

 
T 1.5Pb b 1.59P
Sol: 1 2 =  rmax =  3   
P J  2b t  2 bt
2 e  
 3 
45
Resultant Shear stress
A
r1 b/2 = 12   22  21  2 cos 
b rmax
2 2
=  P   1.59P 
  
 P  1.59P 
  2   cos 45
b  bt  2   bt   2bt  bt 
b
 = Angle between 1 and 2
2
Primary shear stress = P  1   1.592  2  1 1.59  cos 45
P bt  2  2
1 =
b t2 1.975P
=
Secondary shear stress bt
T 09. Ans: (a)
2 =  rmax
J
Sol: Given:  =140 MPa , s = 6 mm
 b
d = 50 mm , r = 25 mm
T = P  e = P b   = 1.5 Pb
 2
We know that
l  2
T
J = A  r12   2 
 12  2 r 2 t
A=bt Ssy
 T = 2r2  t 
l=b FS
b t  b = 2  252  (0.707 6) 140
r1 =    = ( b >> t)
2 2 2  T = 2332161 N-mm
= 2332.161 Nm
Linked questions (Q.10 &Q.11)

Chapter- 7
Sliding Contact Bearings
10. Ans: (a)
11. Ans: (a) 01. Ans: (b)

Sol: Given: Sol: Given:
  75 N / mm 2 , s = 10 mm Load W = 3 kN
P = 200 kN , a = 145 mm d = 40 mm
P = 200  10 3 N p = 1.3 MPa = 1.3 N/mm2
b = 55mm W
Pressure (p) =
P =   0.707 s  l ld
W
200  10 3  75  0.707  10   l=
pd
200 10 3
l= 3000
75  0.707(10) =
1.3  40
l = 377.18 mm l = 57.69 mm
l b  57.69
la =  = 1.44 1.45
ab d 40
377.18  55
=  103.72 mm
(145  55)
02. Ans: (a)
For calculating force carried by top weld Sol: 2.2 kN
P =   0.707  s   a l 300mm l
= 75  0.707  10  103.7 d
A B
= 54986.9 N
= 54.9 kN RA 500mm RB
P = 55 kN 
 1.5
d
d = 25 mm l = 500 mm
W = 2.2 kN a = 300 mm
P= ?
MB = 0

RA  500 = 2.2  300 05. Ans: (a)

RA = 1.32 kN Sol: d = 150 mm = 0.15 m
RB = 2.2 kN –1.32 = 0.88 kN L = 225 mm = 0.225 mm
Bearing pressure, Load (W) = 9kN = 9000 N
RA 1.32  103 C = 0.075 mm,
P   1.408 MPa
d 25  1.5  25 Diametral clearance
(Cd) = 2  0.075 = 0.15 mm
03. Ans: (a) = 0.15  103 m
Sol: Given: N = 1000 rpm
d = 75 mm , N1 = 300 rpm
Heat dissipated by bearing =90 kJ/min
p1 = 1.4 MPa = 1.4 N/mm2
90
 = 0.06 Pa-sec , N2 = 400 rpm H= kW = 1.5 kW
60
p2 = ?
Heat generated at the bearing = 1500 W
1 N 1  2 N 2
 dN   0.15  1000
p1 p2 V= =
60 60
Since, same oil is used  is same i.e. 1 = 2 V = 7.85 m/sec,
N1 N 2 f = coefficient of friction
 
p1 p2 Load (W) = 9000N
300 400 Heat generated = f .V.W

1.4 p2 1500 = f (7.85) (9000)
400  1.4 1500
p2 = f= = 0.021
300 7.85  9000
p2 = 1.87 MPa d 150
  1000
c d 2  0.075
04. Ans: (b) Load
Pressure (p) =
Sol: Given: Eccentricity ratio,  = 0.8 ld
h0 9000
=1 p= = 0.267MPa
C 0.15  0.225
h0 According to Mckee equation
 1  0 .8
C  N  d 
f = 0.326    + 0.002
h0  p  C d 
 0 .2
C

0.0212 = 0.326   1000 6 1000  0.002

2
 N s  d 
Sommerfeld Number =   

 0.267  10   p  C d 
 = 0.0157 Pa  sec W W
Here pressure (p) = 
A ld
06. Ans: (a) 4500
= = 30  104 N/m2
Sol: Given: 0.15  0.1
d = 50 mm , l = 75 mm, f = 0.0015 P = 0.3 MPa
p = 2 MPa , N = 500 rpm Sommerfeld no “S”
2o o
C = 11.6 W/m C , Tr = 28 C  600 
0.0185    2
Heat lost in friction = f× W×V  60   100 
=  
 dN  0.3 10 6  0.1 
= (f) (p × l × d)  
 60  = 0.617
  0.05  500 h0
= 0.0015×2×50×75× Eccentricity ratio,  = 1 
60  Cd 
 
= 14.72 Nm/sec  2 
14.72 = CA ( Ts Tr) h0
0.4 = 1 
14.72 =11.6×0.05×0.075×8(Ts 28)  0.1 
 
Ts = 70.2C  2 
h0 = 0.03 mm
Linked Answer Question 07 & 08
09. Ans: (a)
07. Ans: (a)
Sol: Given
W = 150 kN , N = 1800 rpm
08. Ans: (c)
d = 300 mm = 0.3 m
Sol: Given:
p = 1.6 N/mm2 = 1.6 106 Pa
d = 100 mm = 0.1 m
Cd = 0.25,  = 20 103 Pa-sec
l = 150 mm = 0.15 mm
K = 0.002
W = 4.5 kN = 4500 N
N = 600 rpm   N  d  
f = 0.326    K 
 = 18.5×103 kg/ms = 0.0185 kg/m s   p  C d  
Cd = 0.1   3
 300  
= 0.326 20  10  1800    0.002
 = 0.4   1.6  10
6
 0.25  
= 0.01
Heat generation = 0.01  150 dN

= 0.01  150    0.3  1800 Chapter- 8
= 2748.7 kJ/min Rolling Contact Bearings
10. Ans: (a) 01. Ans: (d)

Sol: Given: d1 = 75 mm, d2 = 12 mm Sol: 6205 bearing
p = 0.6 MPa = 0.6 N/mm2 C = 10.8 kN
 2 6305 series bearing have higher load
Area =
4

d 1  d 22  carrying capacity than 6205 bearing. Hence
 among the given option 16.2 kN is greater
A=
4

75 2  12 2 
than 10.8kN.
2
A = 4304.77 mm
Axial load = p ×A 02. Ans: (b)
= 0.6 × 4304.77 N Sol: Given: 6210 bearing
= 2582.862 N C = 22.5 kN
P = 2.58 kN L = 27 million rev
6 – series – Ball bearing
3
11. Ans: (a) C
L10 =  
Sol: d = 60 mm = 0.06 m P
N = 600 rpm , P = 120 kPa K = 3 for Ball bearing
 = 0.05 3
 22.5 
27 =  
For foot step bearing  P 
2
Tf   F  r 11.39  10 3
3 P3 =
27
2 
  0.05  120  10 3   0.06 2  0.03 P = 7.5 kN
3 4
Tf = 0.339N-m 03. Ans: (b)
2NTf Sol: Given: C = 48.545 kN
P
60
L = 6000 hrs
2  600  0.339 N = 500 rpm
  21.29 W
60
K
C
L10 =  
P
For Ball bearing, K = 3 c

K
3
L10 =  
 48.545  P
L10 =  
 P  K = 3 for ball bearing
3
L 50  48.545  40 hrs 52 weeks
L10 =   LH =   5 years
5  P  week yr
60 NL H 60  500  6000 = 10,400 hrs
L50 = 6
=
10 10 6 60  N  L H
= 180 million rev L=
10 6
3
L 180  48.545  60  1000  10,400
L10 = 50    =
5 5  P  10 6
3
 48.545  L = 624 million revolutions
36 =  
 P  C
3
L10 =  
P = 14.7 kN P
3
 C 
Linked Answer Question (04 & 05) 624 =  
 5.25 
04. Ans: (a) C
 8.545
05. Ans: (c) 5.25
Sol: Fr = 2.5 kN C = 44.86 kN
Fa = 1.5 kN
Cs = 1.5 Linked Answer Question (06 & 07)
N = 1000 rpm 06. Ans: (c)

X = 0.56
Y = 1.4, V = race rotation factor = 1 07. Ans: (a)
Equivalent load (P) = (XVFr + YFa)Cs Sol: Given C = 16.6 kN
V for most bearings = 1 % of element time = 
P = [(0.56  1  2.5) + (1.4  1.5)]1.5 30
N1 = 1n1 =  900 = 270
P = [11.4 + 2.1]1.5 100
P = (3.5)(1.5) 40
N2 = 2n2 =  1440 = 576
P = 5.25 kN 100

30 11. Ans: (a)

N3 = 3n3 =  720 = 216
100 Sol: Given:
W 500
N = 270 + 576 + 216 = 1062 200
Fr
T1 = 3 kN
1K
 N P 3  N 2 P23  N 2 P33  T2 = 1.5 kN
P =  1 1 
N1  N 2  N 3  Fa = 2kN RA
 
LH = 5000 hrs
K = 3 for Ball bearing
X = 0.56
 270  5   576  7   216  3 
3 3 3 13 RB
Y = 1.5 T1
= 
 270  576  216  T2
1
 33750  197568  5832  3 W = weight of pulley = 1 kN
=  
 1062
Resultant Radial load of shaft = 3  1.52  12
13
 237150  R = 4.61 kN = RA + RB
= 
 1062 
Take MB = 0
P = 6.067 kN RA  500 = R  300
K
C 4.61  300
L=   RA =
P 500
3 RA = 2.766 kN,
 16.6 
L=   RB = 1.8436 kN
 6.067 
Equivalent load
L = 20.5 million rev
P = [XVFr + FaY]
= (0.56  1  2.76) + (1.5  2)
P = 4.546 kN
Linked Answer Question (08 to 11) Dynamic load rating
K
C
L10 =   , [K = 3 For Ball bearing ]
08. Ans: (b) P
60  400  5000
L10 = =120 million rev
09. Ans: (a) 10 6
3
 C 
120 =  
10. Ans: (b)  4.55 
C = 22.44kN
W r1  r2 
T=  n for uniform wear
Chapter- 9 2
Clutch Design  2Cr1  r2 r1  r2 
= 2
2
01. Ans: (b)
[ W = 2C(r1  r2), C = p1r1 = p2r2]
Sol: Given,
100 = (0.3)2(0.085)(r2)( r12  r22 )
W = 1000 N, n=2
r1 = 150 mm = 0.15 mm 100103 = (0.3)2(0.085)(r2)[(1.25r2)2 r22 ]
r2 = 100 mm = 0.1 mm r1 = 130 mm, d1 = 260 mm
 = 0.5
r2 = 104 mm, d2 = 208 mm
r r
Mean Radius (R) = 1 2 W = 2C(r1 r2)
2
150  100 = 2(pmax)(r2)(r1r2)

2 = 2(0.085)(104)(130  104)
R = 125 mm W = 1.44 kN
Torque Transmitted,
T = nWR 04. Ans: (b)
(For both sides effective n = 2) Sol: Tmax = 140 N-m
= 2  0.5  1000  125 d1 = 220 mm, d2 = 150 mm
= 125000 Nmm Pmax = 0.25 MPa
T = 125 Nm  = 0.3
r r 
T = W  1 2 
Linked Answer Questions (2 & 3)  2 
02. Ans: (a) r r 

= (2)C(r1r2)  1 2 
 2 
03. Ans: (a)
 r 2  r22 
Sol: P = 10 kW =  2 Pmax r2  1 
 2
T = 100 N-m  
n=2 i) T1 = 114 N-m Slip takes place
pmax = 0.085 MPa ii) T2 = 148 N-m suitable
d1 = 1.25d2 iii) T3 = 173 Nm
r1 = 1.25r2
 = 0.3
05. Ans: (c)

Sol: Given,  = 0.5 b
r1 = 150 mm = 0.15 m
Wn
r2 = 100 mm = 0.1 m 
T = 0.4 kNm = 400 Nm

n1 + n2 = 5, Wa
n = No. of pairs of contact surface Force required for engagement
n = n1+ n2 1 = 5  1 = 4 Wae = Wa + Wncos
r1  r2 0.15  0.1 = 1323.60 + [0.26366.19 cos12]
R= = = 0.125m
2 2 Wae = 2.56 kN
T = nW R
400 = 4(0.5) (W) 0.125 07. Ans: (b)
W = 1600 N Sol: Wn = p  2rmb
 Four springs exert axial load, 6366.19 = 70 103 2    0.15  b
1600  b = 0.0964 m = 96.4 mm
Load per spring = = 400 N
4
Common Data for Q. 8 & 9
Linked Answer Question (06 & 07)
08. Ans: (c)
06. Ans: (b)
Sol: N = 1000 rpm, 09. Ans: (a)
2 = 240   = 120 Sol: N1 = 200 rpm,
 = 0.2, rm = 150 mm, P = 20 kW 2N 2    200
1 = = = 20.95 rad/s
60 60
p = 70 kN/m2
2 = 0
60P r r
T= = Wnrm = Wn  1 2  1   2 20.95
2N  2  =  = 4.18 rad/s2
t 5
6020  1000
T= = 191 N-m Torque T = I
21000 
= 20  4.18 = 83.6 N-m
191 103 N-mm = 0.2  Wn  150
 = 0.3
Wn = 6366.19 N [ Wa = Wn sin  ]
For uniform pressure,
Wa = 1323.60 N

2  r3  r3  Force required for engagement

T  W  12 22   n
3  r1  r2  Wen = Wn(sin+ cos)
= 6599(sin10+0.2 cos10)
2 3 1003  603 
83.610 =  0.3  W  2
2 Wen = 2445 N
100  60 
2
3
W = 1706.12 N
11. Ans: (d)
60P
10. Ans: (a) Sol: T   318.3 N  m
2N
Sol: Given
2N
D = 300 mm 2  = 78.5 rad/s
60
318.3 = n mr 22  12  R
b = 100 mm
 = 0.2
1 = 0.752, n=4
 = 100
 9
p = 0.07 MPa = 0.07 N/mm2 318.3 = 40.25m 0.1251    78.5 2 0.15
 16 
N = 500 rpm
m = 6.3kg
b
12. Ans: 157mm & 135.22mm
r1 r2 Sol: Centrifugal force between each shoe and
 r1 drum
r2 
F = mr 22  12 
F = 2123.08 N
F
Area  = 21230.87 mm2
We know that 0.1
W = 2C(r1  r2) 
widtharc length = w  150 =21230.87
3
= 2pr (r1  r2) ( C = p  r)
w = 135.22 mm
= 2prbsin (r1  r2 = b sin)

= 20.07150 (100 sin10) Length = 150 =157 mm
3
W = 1146 N
Length = 157 mm
W 1146 Width = 135.22 mm
Wn = =
sin  sin 10
Wn = 6599 N

Equivalent coefficient of friction

4 sin 
1 
Chapter- 10 2  sin 2
Brakes
4  0.3  sin 45 0
=
  sin 90 0
2
Linked Answer Questions (01 & 02)
0.848
= = 0.329 = 0.33
2.57
01. Ans: (b)
Sol: MPivot = 0 Common Data Question 04 & 05
300 500 = RN 200
RN = 750 N 04. Ans: (c)
Ft = RN =180 N Sol:
T = Ft r  150
 300  A B
= 180   3
  10 = 27 N-m 220 N
 2  All dimensions
T1 T2 in ‘mm’
02. Ans: (a) 50 100 100

2  100
Sol: 1= = 10.47 rad/sec
60 T = 450 N-m =?
2 = 0 P = 220 N a = 50 mm
Capacity to bring the system to rest from b = 100 mm
100 rpm = work done = Heat generation = Mpivot = 0
T (220  200) (T2 100) + (T1 50) = 0
   2  T2 100 50T1 = 220  200 ……. (1)
= T 1 t
 2  T = (T1 T2)r
= 275.235 5 = 706.725 J  0.150 
T = (T1 T2)  
 2 
03. Ans: (b) T1  T2 = 6000 …… (2)
Sol: µ = 0.3 From (1) and (2) T1 = 12880 N
2 = 90 = /2 rad T2 = 6880 N
 = 45 T1
= e
T2
12880 Taking moments about “O”

= e
6880
220 × 200 + T2 × 50 = T1 × 100 …..(2)
  = 0.199 = 0.2
By solving 1 & 2
T2 = 146.17 N, T1 = 513 N
05. Ans: (a)
Sol: Torque = (T1 T2)  r
 150
= (513 146.17)  75 103
A B
220 N = 27.5N-m
All dimensions
T2 T1 in ‘mm’
Linked Answer Questions 06 & 07
50 100 100
06. Ans: (b)
We know that Sol: d = 250 mm
T   = 7200 kg/m3
ln  1  = µ 
 T2  t = 20 mm
Here, µ = 0.4, as given  = 0.40 sec
T  N = 500 rpm
ln  1  = 0.4 × 
 T2 
T  Energy absorbed by brake
ln  1  = 0.546
 T2 
I 22  12 
1
E=
(or) 2
2
 T1  2  d 
  = eµ I = mK = At  
 T2  2 2
2
 T1    0.250 
I = 7200  0.25 (0.02) 
2
  = e(0.4 × ) 
 T2  4  2 2 
 T1  = 0.055 kgm2
  = 3.51……. (1)
N2 = 0  Stop
 T2 
2
1  2  500 
Here when the drum rotates in anti  E = 0.05  = 75 J
clockwise direction. T1 will be attached to B 2  60 
and T2 will be attached to A. i.e. tight side
and slack side tensions will be changed.
07. Ans: (d)

Sol: Energy absorbed, E = T  
Chapter- 11
   2  Spur Gear Tooth
75  T   1  t
 2 
 2  500  01. Ans: (b)
  Sol: Given: Tp = 25 , m=4, C=?
75  T   60  0   0 .4
 2  Np = 1200 rpm , NG = 200 rpm
 
mTp  TG 
 
 T = 7.16 Nm C=
2
TP N G 1200
Linked Answer Question (08 & 09)   TG =  25 = 150
TG N P 200
425  150
08. Ans: (c) C= = 350 mm
2
Sol: T = 800 N-m, r = 0.5 m
T = (T1 T2)  r 02. Ans (b)
800 Sol: Given , T1 = 19 , T2 = 37, C = 140 mm
 T1  T2 =
0.5 mT1  T2 
C=
T1 T2 = 1600 N 2
m19  37 
But, T2 = 300 N 140 =
2
T1 = 1900 N 140  2
m= = 5 mm
56
T1 1900
= e  = e0.45 
T2 300 03. Ans: (c)
 = 235 Sol: m = 8 mm
Face width (w) = 90 mm
09. Ans: (c) Ft = 7.56 kN
T1 1900 Tensile stress = 35 MPa = S
Sol: Pmax = 
r.W 0.5  0.03 Form factor (y) = ?
Pmax = 126.67 kPa Let CV = 1
Ft = SwmyCv
7.56103 = 35 106908y
 y = 0.3

04. Ans: (a) 20  103

 = 80106(14m)m 0.0941
Sol: P = 9 kW , N = 1440 rpm  d p  300 
 
d = 100 mm , Ft = ?  60  1000 
P = Ft  V ( dp = mTp)
P 9  10 3 20  10 6  60
Ft =  = 1.19 kN  = 80 140.094m2106
V   0.1  1440   18  m  300
60
 m = 5.98  6
05. Ans (b)

Linked Answer Questions 07 & 08
Sol: P = 10 kW = 10103W
V = 600 m/min 07. Ans: (b)
d = 100 mm  r = 50 mm
P 08. Ans: (a)
Ft =
V Sol: P = 11 kW , NP = 1440 rpm
10  10  60
3
1
= = 103 N  = 14 , m = 6 mm
600 2
Ft = 1 kN TP = 25 , y = 0.1, Cv = 0.21
1  10  50
3
TG N P
Torque = Ft  r =  =3:1
1000 Tp N G
T = 50 Nm Tmax = 1.5 Tmean
S = 210 MPa
06. Ans: (b) Ft = ? , w = ?
Sol: Given P = 20 kW
P  dN 
NP = 300 rpm Ft = Cs  V   (d = mT)
V  60 
b = 80 MPa
11  103
Ft =  1.5
y = 0.094, Cv = 1 6  25  1440
w = 14 m 60  1000
Tp = 18, m=? Ft = 1.46 kN
P
Ft = = SwmyCv 
V Ft = S w m y Cv
1.46 103 = 210  w  6  0.1  0.21
 w = 18 mm

Linked Answer Questions 09 to 11 11. Ans: (d)

Sol: 200 N  1 mm width
09. Ans: (b)
47.85 kN  ?
Sol: P = 500 kW, NP = 1800 rpm,
1 47.85  10 3
C = 660 mm,  = 22 , m = 8 mm w= = 240 mm
2 200
TG 12. Ans: (c)

= 10:1
TP Sol: Steel = 120 MPa  for pinion
N SCI = 100 MPa  for gear
Fn = 200
mm Form factors
m TG  TP  For gear, for pinion (yCI)g = 0.13
C
2 Form factors
8TP  10TP  (ysteel)p = 0.093
660 =
2 Ssteel  ysteel = 120  0.093 = 11.16
TP = 15
SCI  yCI = 100 0.13 = 13
TG = 150
 Ssteel ysteel < SCI  yCI
dp = mTp = 8(15) = 120 mm
(Strength)pinion < (Strength)gear
Ft = ?
So Pinion is weaker than gear
Fr on bearing = ?
w=? 13. Ans: (b)
P 500(kW ) TG
Ft = 
V d p N p Sol: Given: G.R = =2
TP
60
w = 10 cm = 100 mm
500  10 3
= dp = 40 cm = 400 mm
 120   1800  1
 m   
 1000   60  sec Stress factor for fatigue = 1.5 N/mm2 = K
Ft = 44.2 kN 2TG 22TP  4
Q=  =
TG  TP 2TP  TP 3
10. Ans: (c)
Fw = KdpwQ
Sol: Fr = Ft . Tan  4
= 44.2 Tan (22.5) = 18.3 kN Fw = (1.5)(400)(100) = 80 103
3
Ft 44.2 = 80 kN
Fn   = 47.85 kN
cos  cos 22.5

16T
  (where k = d/D)
D (1  k 4 )
3
Chapter- 12
Shafts
05. Ans: (a)
16T
Sol: For a solid shaft, max   
01. Ans: (c) D3
Sol: Axle is designed against bending. Design of For a hollow shaft,
brittle material against bending is based on 16T 
max  
Rankine’s theory. D (1  k ) (1  k 4 )
3 4
here, k = di/do = 0.5

02. Ans: (a)  max  1.067 
T 
Sol: We know that, 
J r
06. Ans: (d)
d 4
Sol: Equivalent Bending Moment: The bending
here, J = for solid circular shaft
32 moment is to produce the maximum
and r = d/2 bending stress equal to greater principle
16T stress ‘σ1’.
  max 
d 3
Me = 
1
2
M  T2  M2 
 40  
03. Ans: (a) 1
Sol: Equivalent Torque: It is the twisting 30 2  40 2
2
moment, which is acting along to produce = 45 kN-m
the maximum shear stress due to combined
bending and Torsion. 07. Ans: (d)
Sol: Equivalent twisting moment,
Te = M2  T2
Te  k b M b 2  k t M t 2
04. Ans: (a)
 1.5  0.52  2 12 = 2.136 N-m
T 
Sol: We know that, 
J r
08. Ans: (c)
here, J =

 D4  d 4  for hollow circular Sol: According to ASME code for shaft design
32
under static load, the design stress must be
shaft and r = D/2
least of 0.3 Syt and 0.18 Sut.
09. Ans: (d) PA 1

 
Sol: In general, axles are not rotating member PB 8
but it supports the transverse loads like
bearing reactions which causes bending 12. Ans: Statement (I) is false, (II) is true.
moment and does not transmit any useful Sol:
torque. Thus, axles are designed for bending  Surface cold rolling is the most common
moment. mechanical method for introducing
 Shafts are subjected to torque as well as compressive residual surface stresses. Thus,
bending. Thus, they are designed for Statement (I) is incorrect.
bending as well as torsion.  After rolling, surface roughness of the shaft
is decreased. Thus, the effective contact
10. Ans: (c) area increases which results into more
Sol: A transmission shaft subjected to bending resistant capability. On the other hand for
should be designed to resist torsional aas machined shaft, roughness is more. Thus,
well as bending moment both. Thus, components are sensitive to stress
equivalent torsional moment and equivalent concentration and hence fatigue strength is
bending moment is used for designing the affected. Thus, statement (II) is correct.
shaft which are based on Guest's and
Rankine's theory, respectively. 13. Ans: (a)
Sol: The total bending force on the shaft
11. Ans: (c) carrying the sprocket is equal to the tension
Sol: Given data: in the tight side of tension.
dA = 2dB
2NT 14. Ans: (a)
Power, ‘P’ =
60 Sol: When a transmission shaft transmits load
 3 through spur gear, along with the torsion,
Torque, ‘T’ = d 
16 shaft is also subjected to radial and
3
 Pd tangential load which are transmitted
3
PA  d A  through spur gear.
  
PB  d B 
PA d3
  A3 ( d B  2d A )
PB 8d A

15. Ans: (c) where, y = distance from neutral axis and

Sol: The resultant force acting on a tooth of r = radial distance from centre of shaft.
helical gear is resolved into three  As the shaft rotates, the radial distance of
components. any point from centre of the shaft does not
 Tangential component change, so the torsional stress would remain
 Radial component constant.
 Axial (or) thrust component  As the shaft rotates, the distance of any
point from the neutral axis does change with
16. Ans: (a) the rotation of the shaft; so the bending
stress will also change.
17. Ans: (d)  Hence the shaft experiences varying
Sol: Shaft is generally made of ductile materials. bending stress and constant torsional stress.
For ductile materials maximum shear stress
(Tresca) and distortion energy (von-Mises)
theories can be used. Out of these two
theories von-Mises theory is best suitable
for ductile materials. Rankine’s theory or
principal stress theory is suitable for brittle
materials only.
18. Ans: (b)

Sol: The term ‘transmission shaft’ usually refers
to a rotating machine element. Thus, shaft
in power transmission is inherently
subjected to torsional moment.
19. Ans: (b)

Sol:
M
 Bending stress  b  .y and Torsional
I
T
shear stress  xy  .r
J

we know that, Ce = 2 Cs = 0.06
Chapter- 13 E
 0.06
Flywheels E
1
 E  0.06   I2
Common Data for Solution of Q. 01 & 02 2
2
1  2  300 
 0.06   600   
01. Ans: (b) 2  60 
02. Ans: (a) = 17765.29 J = 17.765 kJ
Sol: Given data,
D = 0.5 m, t = 80 mm, Common Data for Solution of Q. 04 & 05
3 3
 = 710 kg/m 04. Ans: (b)
N = 600 rpm 05. Ans: (a)
mR 2 Sol: Given data,
I
2 T = 2000 + 950 sin 2 – 570 cos2 N.m
2
here, m = R t  Cs = 0.02
= (0.25)2  0.08  7000 N = 180 rpm
 
= 109.96 kg 1 1
Tmean   Td   2000  950 sin 2  570 cos 2 d
109.96  0.25 0 0
2
I = 3.43 kg.m2
2

1 2 1 cos 2 sin 2 
K.E  I  2000  950  570
2  2 2  0
2
1  2N  1  950   950 
  I    2000   0  0   0 
2  60  
  2 2
  
2
1  2    600  = 2000 N.m
  3.43   
2  60 
= 6782.6 J 2NT 2  180  2000
P  = 37.7 kW
60 60
= 6.78 kJ
when, T = Tmean
03. Ans: (a)  2000 + 950 sin 2 – 570 cos2 = 2000
Sol: Given data, 570
 tan    0.6
I = 600 kg.m , 2 950
N = 300 rpm, Cs = 0.03  2 = 31   = 15.5

650 sin90 – 300 cos90 = 200  

T C
  = 3.25 rad/s2
E
A D F
B
E Common Data for Solution of Q. 07 & 08
07. Ans: (b)
08. Ans: (d)
B 45 90 D 135 180 Sol: Given data,

 = 7100 kg/m3 , N = 150 rpm,
D
U = 2500 N.m, Cs = 0.2 ,
E   T  T d
B
mean
R = 0.5 m , k = 0.9
B = 15.5 , I2
U0  Cs
D = 90 + 15.5 = 105.5 k
2
105.5 o  2  150 
I 
E   2000  950 sin 2  570 cos 2  2000 d 2500   60 
 0 .2
15.5 o
0 .9
105.5 o
 cos 2 sin 2   I = 45.6 kg.m2
  950  570
 2 2 15.5 o
Also,
= 1107.8 N.m I
 m  2Rbt  
R2
Also, E = I 2 Cs 45.6
  2  0.5  b 2  7100
 2  180 
2 0.52
 1107.8  I     0.02
 60   b = t = 0.09 m = 90 mm
2
 I = 155.9 kg.m
09. Ans: (b)
06. Ans: (c) Sol: Given data,
Sol: Given data, m = 150 kg, N = 600 rpm,
T = Tmean + 650 sin2 – 300 cos2 N.m  = 10 MPa,  = 7260 kg/m2
I = 200 kg.m2,  =  R2 2
 = 45  2  600 
2
 10  10  7260  R  
6 2

T = T – Tmean  60 
= 650 sin2 – 300 cos2  R = 0.59 m
T = I   D = 2R = 1.18 m

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Machine

03. Ans: (a)

06. Ans: (c)

08. Ans: (a)

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According to maximum shear stress theory

According max shear stress theory 08. Ans: (a)

 A = 273.22 mm2 = (/4) d2 Torque, T = 5  103  0.5

Major principal stress

11. Ans: (a) 13. Ans: (b)

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Se = 0.5 Sut

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04. Ans: (b)  meq = 12m   22 m  1m  2 m

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Common Data for Questions 05 & 06 10 5 3 1

05. Ans: (c) & 06. Ans: (a)

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09. Ans: (c) eq =  2  3 2

Common Data for Questions 10 & 11

10. Ans: (c) & 11. Ans: (d)

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Common Data Question (03, 04, 05)

As r1 and r2 not given, so it is not possible to

05. Ans: (c) 07. Ans: (d)

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Load carrying capacity (F)

4 103  1.8  0.2 0.2 2840  24

12. Ans: (b)

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03. Ans: (d) Syt = 300 MPa

04. Ans: (d) 7.36  10 3 300

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Linked Answer Q 08 & 09 S yt

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12. Ans: (b) PA = CL2 (tensile load)

d = 12.74mm  13mm n=4, P = 5 kN

13. Ans: (a) F.S = 5 , dc = 0.8 d

Sol: n = 4 PtA = KL2 = (Tensile)

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03. Ans: (a)

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04. Ans: (b) pd

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r1 = distance between two centroids.

08. Ans: (a)  

Linked questions (Q.10 &Q.11)

11. Ans: (a) 01. Ans: (b)

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RA  500 = 2.2  300 05. Ans: (a)

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0.0212 = 0.326   1000 6 1000  0.002

Heat generation = 0.01  150 dN

10. Ans: (a) 01. Ans: (d)

For Ball bearing, K = 3 c

Sol: Fr = 2.5 kN C = 44.86 kN

N = 1000 rpm 06. Ans: (c)

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30 11. Ans: (a)

02. Ans: (a) r r 

05. Ans: (c)

T = 0.4 kNm = 400 Nm