The TdS Equations

Consider the entropy S as a function of temperature and volume: S = S ( T ,V ) :

 ∂S   ∂S 
dS =   dT +   dV
 ∂T V  ∂V T
We apply the definition of the heat capacity to the first term and a Maxwell relation to the
second, and obtain
CV  ∂p 
dS = dT +   dV or
T  ∂T V
 ∂p 
TdS = CV dT + T   dV (first TdS equation)
 ∂T V

The second TdS equation follows from considering S as a function of temperature and
pressure: S = S (T , P ) :

 ∂S   ∂S 
dS =   dT +   dP
 ∂T  P  ∂P T
We again use the definition of heat capacity and a Maxwell relation to obtain
CP  ∂V 
dS = dT −   dP or
T  ∂T  P
 ∂V 
TdS = CP dT − T   dP (second TdS equation)
 ∂T  P
In summary,
 ∂p 
TdS = CV dT + T   dV (first TdS equation)
 ∂T V
 ∂V 
TdS = CP dT − T   dP (second TdS equation)
 ∂T  P
The TdS equations are frequently useful in deriving relationships among various
thermodynamic derivatives.

Exercise: Consider S = S ( P,V ) and derive the third TdS equation.