URBAN PLANNING – it is the technical and political
SATELLITE TOWNS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF URBAN PLANNING
process concerned w/ the control of use of land and
design of the urban environment.
BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS
1. GARDEN CITY (SIR EBENEZER HOWARD,
1898)
- Most potent planning model in
Western urban planning
- Source of many key planning ideas
during 20th century
- Core principles are strong community,
ordered development and environment
quality.
Garden City is achieved by:
a. Uniform ownership of land to prevent
individual land speculation and
maximize community benefits
b. Careful planning to provide generous
living and working space while
maintaining natural qualities
c. Social mix and good community
facilities
d. Limits to growth of each garden city
e. Local participation in decisions about
development
2. NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT (CLARENCE ARTHUR
PERRY, 1872-1944)
- Planning unit for a town
- Began as a means of insulating the
community from the ill-effects of the
sea of vehicular traffic.
Principles of Neighborhood Unit:
- Unit of urban planning
- Street system
- Facilities
- Population
- Sector
- Size and density
- Neighborhood walkways
- Protective strips
3.
- Refers to miniature metropolitan areas
on the fringe of larger ones
- Have their own bedroom communities
- Have a traditional downtown
surrounded by traditional “inner city”
neighborhoods.
4. FORMAL PLANNING / ZONING PHASE
a. Balancing of criteria
- Each urban project must combine
specific political commitments and
specific environmental situation
- An energy supply study must be carried
out to identify potential energy sources
on the site
b. Binding goals for energy issues – result
of urban and energy study
- Defining program on energy to
implement in urban planning
documents
- Identify specific type of users in the
area and benchmark energy demand
and energy saving potential
c. Overall Program for Sustainable Urban
Development
- Its major objectives are to build a
sustainable city district according to
social, economic and ecological aspects
- The objectives are mainly focusing on
mitigating climate impact by minimizing
the use of fossil fuels.
5. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
a. Environmental Impact Assessment –
Energy Criteria
- The Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) for urban development project
covers all environmental topics.
- Energy relevant topics are emissions,
mobility, land use and energy concept.
6. OPERATIONAL PHASE
a. Web-based database
- Used for performance reporting and
monitoring, and monitoring about the
sustainability requirements
Pre-Classical Period
Designed Cities were characteristics of:
 Minoan
 Mesopotamian
 Harrapan
 Egyptian Civilization
EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA
Neolithic Age Urbanization
- Urbanization begins at Banpo (4,800-
3,750 BC)
- Banpo was composed of 200 round pit-
houses
- These pit houses were sited for solar
gain by aligning the door to the Yingshi
asterism just after the winter solstice.
GRECO-ROMAN EMPIRE
Greek Towns
- Greeks built small towns appropriate
for human scale.
- Parts of the town were planned
according to geometrical patterns and
others according to defensive
measures.
Hippodamus
- He was an ancient Greek architect,
urban planner, physician,
mathematician, meteorologist and
philosopher.
- First town planner and inventor of the
orthogonal urban layout
- The Father of City Planning
- The Father of European Urban
Planning, the namesake of the
Hippodamian Plan (grid plan) of city
layout
Hippodamian Plan
- Is essentially a city plan that looks like
gridiron.
- Is an orthogonal urban layout w/ more
or less square street block
ROMAN VERSUS GREEK
- Not as playful or moderate as the
Greeks
- Inclined towards violence, exploitation,
and gross excesses of consumption
- Their greatest achievements often bear
the mark of excess but also
considerable engineering skill
- Conquered Greek by 113BC and cloned
many of their urban design concepts
- Theater
- Amphitheater
- Temples built on the Greek model with
prominent colonnades.
Alexander the Great
- Was a king of the ancient Greek
kingdom of Macedon and a member of
the Argead dynasty.
Dinocrates
- Was a Greek architect and technical
adviser for Alexander the Great.
Roman
- The ancient Romans also employed
regular orthogonal structures on which
they molded their colonel.
Roman Cities
- Plenty of towns in invaded areas –
medium towns to keep agriculture
around
- Division of agricultural land into
rectangular parcels
- Grid pattern for most roman cities
- The city was divided into
neighborhoods and quarter with their
own centers.
Forum
- The forum was their version of the
agora
- Bordered by everything important:
temples, offices, jails, butcher shops
- Public processions and ceremonies
took place there
- For a mainly pedestrian population, the
surrounding colonnade was a very
important urban design feature.
Development of Greek and Roman
- The development of greek and roman
urbanization is relatively well known as
there are relatively many written
sources, and there has been much
attention to the subject since the
Roman and Greeks are generally
regarded as the main ancestors of
modern western culture.
MEDIEVAL EUROPE
Elburg – was founded in 1392 by Arent toe Boecop
steward of the duke of Gelre.
Caernarvon (Wales) – plan by John Speed, 1611.
Elburg in the Netherlands – orthogonal plan were
new inventions from “Renaissance”, and , therefore,
typical for “modern times”.
RENAISSANCE EUROPE (1300-1600)
Florence - was an early model of the new urban
planning.
The Ideal City – exemplifies Renaissance ideals of
urban planning
Sposalizio by Raphael Sanzio
Governor Max Emanuel
- Proposed using the reconstruction to
completely change the layout and
architectural style of the city.
ENLIGHTENMENT
Europe and America
London – Great Fire of 1666
Architects John Evelyn and Christopher Wren
Grand Model for the Province of Carolina –
developed in the aftermath of Great Fire, established
a template for colonial planning.
Oglethorpe Plan for Savannah (1733) – was in the
past influenced of by the Grand Model.
1755 Lisbon Earthquake
King Joseph I of Portugal – immediately launched
efforts to rebuild the city.
Architect Manuel De Mala – laying out without a
strain
Paris (1852) – Baron Georges – Eugene Haussman
- Was commissioned to remodel the
Medieval street plan of the city
demolishing swatches of the old
quarters and laying out wide
boulevards extending outwards beyond
old city limits.
Ildefons Cerna (1854)
- Urbanisation
- General Theory of Urbanisation (1867)
MODERN URBAN PLANNING
- Planning and architecture went through
a paradigm shift at the turn of the 20th
century.
GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
- The concept of Arturo Sona’s of the
linear city model and the “linear city
movement”
Sir Ebenezer Howard – first major urban planning
theorist, who initiated the garden city movement in
1898.
Alfred Marshall – who argued in 1884 that industry
needed a supply of labor that could in theory be
supplied anywhere, and that companies have an
incentive to improve workers living standards.
Raymond Unwin – a noted architect and town
planner, along with his partner.
Richard Barry Parker – won the competition run by
the First Garden City.
Sir Frederic Osborn – who extended the movement
to regional planning.
HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING ACT OF 1909
Partizanske in Slovakia – an example of a typical
planned industrial city founded in 1938 together
with a shoemaking factory in which practically all
adult inhabitants of the city were employed.
Behaviorism – behaviourist psychology influenced
urban planning especially in the 1960s and after,
manifesting in such theories as defensible space and
crime prevention through environmental-design.
Sustainable development and sustainability –
sustainable development has emerged in recent
decades as guiding themes for urban planning.
Nature in cities – often an integral party of
sustainable cities is the incorporation of nature
within a city.
Car free – sustainability in city planning can include
large pedestrian zones or be a totally car free.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT – find solutions for use of
land and public domains, environmental protection,
infrastructure, supply network, and many other
segments which make a city functional and
operational.
LAWS OF THE INDIES – were decreed by King Philip II
in 1573. The laws guided Spanish colonists on how to
create and expand towns in Spanish territories in
America and in the Philippines.
BAHAY NA BATO – is a Filipino colonial house during
the Spanish period.
Daniel H. Burnham – was an American architect and
urban designer.
William E. Parsons – was an architect and city
planner known for his works in the Philippines during
the early period of American colonization in the
country. He was the successor of Burnham.
City Beautiful Movement – was a reform philosophy
of North American architecture and urban planning
that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s w/ the
intent of introducing beautification and monumental
grandeur in cities.
POST WAR
1946 – Interior Department created Local and
Planning Commissions composed of the Provincial
Governor and other local officials.
1950 – the office of the President created the
National Planning Commission (NPC).
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
A. Marcos Regime – Ferdinand Marcos was
the 10th Philippine President (December 30,
1965 – Feb. 25, 1986)
Development:
 Cultural Center of the Philippines
 The Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas
(Folk Arts Theater)
 Philippine International
Convention Center (PICC)
 Makiling Center for the Arts
(National Arts Center)
 Nayong Pilipino
 People’s Park in the Sky
 Philippine Heart Center
 Lung Center of the Philippines
 San Juanico Bridge
B. Aquino Regime – Corazon “cory” Aquino
11th President of the Philippines
Contributions:
 Housing and Land Use Regulatory
Board
 Created the Housing and Urban
Development Coordinating Council
 Local Planning
 National Land Use Planning
C. Ramos Administration – Fidel Ramos 12th
president of the Philippines (1992-1998)
Contributions:
 Activation of the Environmental
Planning Board under the PRC
 Economic development program
 Rural Electrification
 Setting up economic zones
 Major infrastructure projects,
power, telecom, LRT, MRT,
flyovers, ports and airports
 Real estate boom
 Private sector active in planning
D. Arroyo and Aquino Regime
- Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 14th
President of the Philippines (2001-
2010)
Contributions:
 Tarlac – Pangasinan – La union
expressway (TPLEX)
 Dingalan Port Development
Project
- Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III
15th President of the Philippines (2010-
2016)
 Contributions:
 LRT Line 1 South Extension
Project
 LRT Line 2 East Extension
 Cavite – Laguna Expressway
(CALAX)
 NAIA Expressway Project
Phase II
 Samar Pacific Coastal Road
Project
E. Rodrigo Roa Duterte 16th President of the
Philippines
Contributions:
 Republic Act No. 11201
 Quezon – Bicol Expressway Project
 Mega Manila Subway
 Subic – Clark Railway Project
STRATEGIES IN URBAN PLANNING
Globalization – presupposes the creation of a unique
global area of interdependencies which constitutes
the basis of a new global economy and culture.
Decentralization – is the process by which activities
of an organization, particularly those regarding
planning and decision making, are distributed or
delegated away from a central, authoritative
location or group.
1. The strategic planning process
2. The system of local actors
The role of four different actors in the
process of urban strategic planning:
- The role of city mayors and local
leaders in assuming leadership of urban
strategic planning processes.
- The role of knowledge platforms
(universities and research centers)
- The role of city associations and
networks
- The role of supra-local entities (regions,
provinces, federal states and national
contexts).
3. Solutions provided by city development
strategies – criteria, concepts and values
upon which strategic urban planning is
based:
- Financial, social and environmental
sustainability.
- Reduction of poverty and promotion of
social inclusion
- Citizen participation in the definition
and implementation of public policies.
- Cooperation and interaction of
different stakeholders: public, private
and civil society
4. Diversity and coherence of the plans
5. Strategic urban planning in action:
experiences of local governments in
different regions.
The main difficulties, lessons learned and future
challenges will be analyzed, w/ special attention
given to:
- General context
- Leadership
- Definition and content of the plan/
extent of strategic planning
- Financing the plan
- Economic development and social
transformation
6. Declaration: the importance of planning
URBANIZATION – refers to the population shift from
rural areas to urban areas
CAUSES OF URBANIZATION
Political Causes – families are forced to leave their
rural farming villages, and they migrate to the urban
areas in search of shelter, food and employment.
Economic Causes – poverty in rural areas, due to
large companies creating commercial farms and
small farmers are forced to move to the urban areas
in search of better employment opportunities.
Education – opportunities for education at
universities and technical colleges draw young
people to the urban centers, where they hope to
provide better prospects for the future for
themselves and their families.
Natural Population Increase – as populations grow
so does the urban sprawl
Environmental Degradation – when the natural
habitat of farming families is destroyed due to
deforestation, mining or industrial expansion, they
are forced to find somewhere else to live.
Social Causes – many young people migrate to urban
centers in search of lifestyle changes and w/ the
desire to become associated w/ the club scenes in
large cities.
URBAN AREA
- Also known as urban agglomeration
- It is a human settlement w/ high
population density and infrastructure
of built environment.
RURAL AREA
- Also called as countryside
- It is a geographic area that is located
outside towns and cities
RURBAN – used to describe land in the countryside
on the edge of a town or city, on which new housing,
businesses, etc.
URBAN PROBLEMS
- High Population Density
- Inadequate infrastructures
- Lack of affordable housing
- Flooding
- Creation of Slum
- Crime
- Congestion
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
 - Overcrowding (Homelessness)
- Poor Living Standards
- Sanitation
- Criminals and Street Violence
- Pressure on transportation and
infrastructure
- Risk and opportunities
- Decisive interventions are imperative at
the city level
- Greater Private Sector Participation in
urban development
- Broadening access to serve
communities
URBANIZATION PROBLEMS
Housing – the insufficient housing, especially
particular for low – incoming families, are being
faced which resulted on overcrowding of already
congested areas.
Inadequacy of Family – urban development has led
to the centrifugal movement of village people to
urban areas.
Lack of Intimate Social Relations – absence of
communication to the society
Congestions – it could be traffic and overcrowding.
Unemployment – urbanization leads to a deficit
jobs.
Diseases associated w/ Urban life – urbanization has
lead to reduced physical activity and unhealthy
nutrition.
Increased Social Disorganizations Crime – rapid
urbanization affects crime rates.
URBAN PROBLEMS IN METROPOLITAN MANILA
1. Getting around metro manila
2. Transportation
3. Homeless People
4. Slums
5. Pollution
6. Water Supply
7. Health Issues
EFFECTS OF THE URBAN PROBLEM IN METRO
MANILA
1. Urban expansion
Environmental problems:
 Flooding
 Solid waste problems
URBAN PROBLEMS IN OTHER CITIES COMPARED TO
 A proliferation of informal settler
METRO MANILA
families (ISFs)
 Deterioration of air quality
 Increasing greenhouse gas
emissions
2. Land Use
The following trends have been identified to
characterize land use in the region:
 Increase density and size of
informal settlements in the city
centers
 Development of medium scale
residential subdivisions for upper
and upper-middle income markets
up to the peripheries of the inner
and intermediate cores while low-
cost housing has moved to the
outer core in the neighboring
provinces of Rizal, Bulacan, Cavite
and Laguna
 The growth of big commercial
center along EDSA and other major
thoroughfares.
 Filling of the urban area with high-
density housing
3. Flooding
Extreme flood events caused by
anthropogenic factors such as:
 Reduction in river channel capacity
resulting from encroachment of
houses, siltation from
deforestation, and garbage
 Disappearance of small river
channels (esteros)
 Reduced infiltration due to
urbanization
 Loss of natural retention areas
 Land subsidence resulting from
over extraction of ground water
1. Poverty Incidence Across Regions and
Income Groups
2. Health
3. Housing: Largely an Urban Problem
4. Sanitation, Sewage and Solid Waste
management
5. Pollution Levels (Air, Water, and Surface,
Noise)
6. SWOT ANALYSIS – which mainly analyzes
the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats of target object or place, it’s
useful method in strategic planning.
STRATEGIC PLANNING – is an extended tool for
regional development and can be defined as a
systematic form of preparing for change and for
the future of a city.
URBAN PLANNING – is influenced by changes
with internal and external operational
environments.
SWOT – is a useful tool for analyzing internal
and external factors.
SITUATION ANALYSIS
SO Strategies – use a firm’s internal strengths to
take advantage of external opportunities.
(LEVERAGE)
WO Strategies – are aimed at improving internal
weaknesses by taking advantage of external
opportunities. (CONSTRAINTS)
 ST Strategies – use a firm’s strengths to avoid or
reduce the impact of external threats.
(VULNERABILITIES)
WT Strategies – are defensive tactics directed at
reducing internal weaknesses and avoiding
external threats. (PROBLEMS)
LAND USE PLANNING
 is the process of regulating the use of
land in an effort to promote more desirable
social and environmental outcomes as well
as a more efficient use of resources.
OBJECTIVES
 To promote efficient utilization acquisition
and disposition of land ensure the highest
and best use of land.
 To direct, harmonize and influence
discussion and activities of the private and
public sectors relative to the use and
management of lands.
 To reconcile land use conflicts and
proposals between and among individuals,
private and government entities relative to
the present and future need for the land
 To promote desirable patterns of land uses
to prevent wasteful development and
minimize the cost of public infrastructure
and utilities and other social services.
 To preserve areas of ecological, aesthetic,
historical and cultural significance.
LAND CLASSIFICATION
 Land classification refers to land categories,
reflecting quality classes, capability classes
or grade, depending upon the
characteristics of the land and/or its
potential for agricultural use.
LAND RECLASSIFICATION
 Reclassification is the act of specifying how
agricultural land shall utilized for non-
agricultural lands shall be utilized for non-
agricultural uses such as residential,
industrial, and commercial, as embodied in
the land use plan, subject to the
requirements and procedures for land use
conversion.
ZONING
 is the process of dividing land in
a municipality into zones in which certain
land uses are permitted or prohibited.
 Zoning is used as a fundamental component
of territorial planning, which is incorporated
in the stages of the logical model of regional
development.
LAND CONVERSION
 Conversion is the act of changing the
Current Use of an Agricultural Land into
Non-Agricultural Use as approved by the
DAR (Department of Agrarian Reform).
THE ACCUMULATOR – acquires land by all means
THE DISPOSSESSED – seek to acquire whatever land
there is from any source including traders in “rights”
over lands they have no right to sell in the first place.
Once they acquired “title” to their hand land, they
defend their possession literally to the death.
THE CUSHANERS – refers to the native principalia as
“opportunistic Judases who betrayed their people by
selling their communal lands”
THE RENTERS – were two types:
 Small Inquilinos
 Big Inquilinos
APRARCEROS – who came from the army of landless
vagamundos and worked on the estate as salaried
workers or share croppers.
AMERICAN STYLE LAND REFORM - The program of
redistribution to the tenants would allow them to
become owners in 25 years.
TORRENS TITLE SYSTEM - The title in this system of
the grantee or transferee is made binding against
the whole world, including the government, as soon
as the deed of transfer of deeds.
LAND CLASSIFICATION
 Public Land Act (Commonwealth Act 141)
of 1936 – lands in the public domain were
classified in to timberlands, mineral lands,
and agricultural lands (otherwise known as
alienable and disposable).
 Methods of Disposition
 Homestead settlement
 Open bidding
 Lease
REAL ESTATE BUSINESS
 Spanish – practice was for the landlord to
designate a certain section of his property
where tenants could build their own houses
and in return pay rent to the landlord.
 American – practice of land subdivision and
the business of selling subdivided lots.
TWO TYPES OF LANDED INTEREST
 Traditional agricultural state
 Large urban real estate business
THE STATE AS MANAGER OF LAND RESOURCES:
 Land Classicfication And Titling System
 General Land Classification System
 OLD LAND CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
 NEW LAND CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
OLD LAND CLASSIFICATION
TOTAL LAND:
  Classified – All lands of the national
territory are either timberlands, mineral
lands or alienable and disposable.
 Mineral Land – Remain the land of
the state
 Timber Lands – The state may
actually develop them by
administration.
 Subclassified – Areas may
be put under productive
use.
- Forest Reserve
- Timberlands
- Parks
- Civil Reserve
- Fishponds
 Unclassified
 Agriculture or A&D – Lands that
are already in private hands.
 Title and Untitled
- Agricultural
- Residential
- Industrial
- Town Site
 Unclassified Public Forest – Portion of the
territory that have not yet been classified.
NEW LAND CLASSIFICATION
TOTAL LAND:
 Private Lands - are either in private
ownership or held by the state in its
capacity as a private individuals.
 Private owned but subject to
eminent domain
 Held by State as private entity
 Public Domain
 Reserved for government or public
use
 Unappropriated Lands
 Disposable & Alienable –
Agricultural Lands
 Non-Disposable & Non
Alienable
- Natural Parks
- Mineral Lands
- Forest Lands
SPECULATIVE TRADING IN LAND
 Marcos Administration
 Urban Land Reform Law (PD 1517)
 Proclamation No. 1893
 Proclamation No. 1967 on May 14,
1980
 Aquino Administration
 Aquino Government was to
execute the coup de grace.
 The urban land reform law (PD
1517) was replaced with “Urban
Develpoment and Housing Act of
1992 (RA 7279)”
WELFARE AS RHETORIC
 Protected areas (RA 7586)
 Mining (RA 7076 and RA 7946)
 Fisheries (RA 8550)
 Agricultural Fisheries (RA 8435)
 Indigenous People’s Rights (RA 8371)
 Local Government Code (RA 7160)- Most
important legislative output after the
Marcos years.
DENR devolved functions classified under the four
sectoral areas
1. To the Province
2. To the Municipalities
3. To the Cities
4. To the Barangay
LAND USE PLANNING IN PRACTICE
 Land use planning, as a technical exercise
directly involving local government can be
said to have taken off in the latter half of
the 1970’s when the massive programs of
assistance on town planning were launched.
CONCEPTS RELATED TO LAND USE
 Reversible Use - leaves the land, after use,
essentially as it was before, little or no man-
induced modification remains.
 Irreversible Uses - when land is subject to
applications which brought about changes,
alteration or modifications so much so that
it preempts the original use or it is
physically impossible to restore the land to
its previous state or condition.
 Multiple Land Use - Land can indeed have
more than one use and uses can be
combined in different ways.
 Compatible / Incompatible Land Use -
Some land uses are innately incompatible
while others are completely compatible.
Compatible uses can coexist harmoniously
and effectively in an orderly management.
 Best Use of Land - The use of land which
generates the maximum profit without
negative consequences especially on the
environment. It is utilizing land in a manner
that is beneficial to both man and
environment.
 Comprehensive Land Use - A document
embodying specific proposals for guiding
and development of a city or municipality.
MAPS / MAPPING
A graphical representation of a place or particular
phenomena or themes in an area. It is a convenient
visual form of spatial data, their distribution and
relationships.
Elements of a Map
 Title – defines the information and purpose
of map.
 Author & Date – name of map maker and
date of survey or period covered by it.
 Data Frame – is the portion of map the map
that displays the data layers
 Legend – key to the codes and symbols
used in a map.
 North Arrow – a north arrow maintains a
connection to a map frame and indicates
the orientation of the map.
 Scale – ratio distance on the map itself and
the corresponding distance on the ground.
 Citation – this is the area where
explanatory data about the data sources,
 projection information and any caveats are
placed
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING – is the process of
facilitating decision making to carry out land
development w/ the consideration given to the
natural environment, social, political, economic and
governance factors and provides a holistic
framework to achieve sustainable outcomes.
ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNER – a person who is
registered and licensed to practice environmental
planning and who holds a valid certificate of
registration and a valid professional identification
card from the board of environmental planning.
THE PROCESS
1. Putting together a planning team
2. Develop a vision for the future
3. Define your community’s needs using
environmental assessment surveys
Two types of survey:
 Technical Environmental Survey
(TES) – is conducted by one or two
people, typically the people in
charge of developing the plan.
 The Village Environmental
Planning Survey (VEPS) – to have
your community identify and
prioritize the environmental issues.
4. Identify possible solutions
5. Put the plan together
6. Carry out your plan
7. Evaluate your plan
TECHNIQUES
1. Comprehensive planning
2. Local Integrative Ordinances
3. Preserving Sensitive Open Spaces
4. Minimizing Land Disturbances
ELEMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
1. Energy efficient planning and design –
reduces need for energy resources including
the production of energy that generates
pollution in its use or generation
2. Green building techniques – encourage the
use and reuse of materials and products
that have been produced w/ minimal use of
resources.
3. Noise mitigation – reduces the negative
impacts from human generated noise in the
physical environment.
4. Pollution prevention – reduces the use of
hazardous materials and hazardous wastes.
5. Recycling of solid waste – reduces the need
for landfills and increases the amount of
recycled materials.
6. Urban heat island – modifies the built
environment to reduce the amount of heat
absorbed by man-made surfaces and later
released.
7. Natural Physical environment – addresses
the human impacts on the natural physical
environment
8. Air quality – addresses the issues that
contribute to degradation of air quality.
9. Brownfields reclamation – increases the
amount of developable land served by
infrastructure and eliminates blighted
conditions.
10. Community gardens – provide green
spaces, preserve a small part of Arizona’s
agricultural heritage, and provide residents
w/ agricultural experiences.
11. Infill development – provides for use of
existing infrastructure and facilities.
12. Open space – provides recreational
opportunities and preserves natural
resources
13. Natural resources conservation – is
formerly known as the Soil Conservation
Service
14. Water resources element – addresses
water planning issues including river and
stream water quality, storm water runoff,
ground water management, etc.
15. Alternative mode of transportation –
reduce the use of fossil fuels, thereby
decreasing air pollution and reducing traffic
congestion.
7 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PLANNING
1. Polluter Pays Principle (PPP)
2. The User Pays Principle (UPP)
3. The Precautionary Principle (PP)
4. Principle of Effectiveness and Efficiency
5. The Principle of Responsibility
6. The Principle of Participation
7. The Principle of Proportionality
ADVANTAGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
 Clean Air
 Rivers and water bodies provide drinking
water and act as natural pollution filters.
 Forest serves as sheds, watershed, tourist
spots and etc.
 Wetlands filter and process waste act as
nursery for fisheries
 Sand dunes, coral reefs and mangroves
protect cities from storm surges, erosion
and others.
 Parks and greenbelts act as sinks for carbon
dioxide
DISADVANTAGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
 Cost of living is high
 Short of land to develop
IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN
URBAN AREAS
 Misuse of urban environment can have
grave consequences
 Improved provision of water and sanitation
services
  Less crowded, better quality, housing low
cost and better quality
 Avoidance of hazardous land sites for
settlements
 Improved provision of solid waste
management services
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY – is the commitment of an
organization or government to the laws, regulations,
and other policy mechanisms concerning
environmental issues.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND
URBAN PLANNING
 Ecology and urban planning
 Urban ecosystems
 Society and environment
 Planning and management (landscape
conversion)
EFFECTS OF A GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
 Livable city
 Environment Quality
 Human health and good well being
REDEVELOPMENT means re-using and improving
real estate in a neighborhood or city by adding or
rehabilitating buildings, making more marketable
properties.
CONDITIONS OR PROBLEMS FOR WHICH
REDEVELOPMENT BECOMES NECESSARY:
 Congestion
 Constriction
 Obsolescence
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF URBAN
REDEVELOPMENT
GOALS:
 To improve the built environment by
replacing old, run-down or under-
utilized urban areas with new
development which are properly
planned.
 To achieve better utilization of land in
the dilapidated urban areas to meet
various development needs
 To improve places of local,
architectural, cultural or historical
interest
OBJECTIVES:
 To identify rehousing cites and other
implementation issues to facilitate
urban renewal.
 To identify needs for urban renewal
and opportunities for improvement of
community and open space facilities
for the old urban areas
 To formulate a set of strategic planning
guidelines to expedite implementation
of the priority project areas and target
areas
In Order to build a redevelopment plan there are
some Indicators to be followed :
 Construction
 Rehabilitation
 Relocation
CONSTRUCTION
Principles for sustainable design and construction:
 Social Dimension – to create high quality
working environment that meets the
people`s need whatever their
circumstances.
 Economic Dimension – To create a high
quality working environment that
contributes to the development of healthy
places of employment, increase productivity
and competitiveness.
Environmental Dimension – To use materials and
adopt forms of design and construction that use
resources efficiently, minimize waste and pollution,
protect and enhance biodiversity and create a
healthy environment.
REHABILITATION
- It is a process to rebuild or restore an area in a
measurable state of decline, disinvestment or
abandonment.
RELOCATION
- Is a household`s move from the one residence to
another supported by compensation and services as
outlined in legal policies or other agreements
Benefits of Relocation and Incentive Program :
 Allows the flexibility to address a multiple
obstacles under one program.
 Increase property values
 Increase tax base and Tax Increment
Finance revenues
 Increase employment rate in the district
 Increase residential base
 Reduce or eliminate vacancies
 Reduction of vacant lands
Specific Eligible Redevelopment Activities Which
may Support Historic Preservation
1. Planning
a. Data Collection, Studies, Analysis
and Preparation of plans
b. Comprehensive Plans
c. Functional Plans
2. Economic Development Activities
a. Acquisition
b. Construction, Reconstruction or
Installation
 c. Assistance to private-for-profit-
business.
3. Engineering and Design Cost
a. Feasibility Studies
b. Design of Improvements, Costs,
and the Removal of Architectural
Barriers
4. Clearance Activities
a. Moving a Historic Structure
b. Clearing Incompatible Structures
5. Property Rehabilitation
a. Eligible privately - owned
residential buildings
b. Public housing and building
6. Property Disposition
a. Sale, Lease, Donation or Otherwise
7. Technical Assistance
a. Providing Assistance
b. Conducting Local Education
c. Training Conferences

Urban Decline - Decline in urban areas caused by

different factors forced the relevant agencies and
professionals to develop solutions to overcome
decline and deterioration in cities.

Urban Regeneration - A comprehensive and

integrated vision and action which leads to the
resolution of urban problems and which seeks to
bring about a lasting improvement in the economic,
physical, social and environmental condition of an
area that has been subject to change.