Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan

Adi Chandra Maulana

Pertemuan 1
Sejarah dan Jenis Konstruksi Perkerasan Jalan
 Outline

 Kontrak perkuliahan
 Sejarah perkerasan
 Jenis konstruksi perkerasan
 Kriteria konstruksi perkerasan
 Kontrak Perkuliahan
 3 SKS = 3 SKS x 50 Menit
 16 Pertemuan = 14x tatap muka (termasuk
praktiktum), 2x ujian (UTS & UAS)
 Tugas
 Tidak hadir = sakit (surat keterangan/ orang tua),
ijin (keterangan orang tua)
 Pakaian berkerah dan tidak diperkenankan
menggunakan sandal
 Sebelum perkuliahan dimulai, kultum terlebih
dahulu
 Kontrak Perkuliahan
A. Materi
- Sejarah dan Jenis Konstruksi Perkerasan Jalan
- Jenis dan Fungsi Lapis Perkerasan
- Bahan-Bahan Pembentuk Struktur Perkerasan
Jalan
- Parameter Perencanaan Tebal Lapis Konstruksi
Perkerasan
 Kontrak Perkuliahan
- Perencanaan Metode Campuran
- Perancangan Tebal Perkerasan
- Kerusakan dan Pemeliharann Perkerasan Jalan
 Kontrak Perkuliahan
B. Komponen Penilaian
UTS = 30 %
UAS = 30 %
Praktikum = 20 %
Tugas = 10 %
Presensi = 10 %
 Kontrak Perkuliahan
C. Penilaian Akhir
A = 82 – 100, Lulus
B = 69 – 81, Lulus
C = 57 – 68, Lulus
D = 46 – 56, Mengulang
E = 0 – 45, Gagal
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
 Saodang, H., 2005, Konstruksi Jalan Raya, Buku 2 Perancangan
Perkerasan Jalan Raya, Nova, Jakarta.
 Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga, SNI-1732-19889-F, Petunjuk
Perencanaan Tebal Lentur Perkerasan dengan Metode Analisa
Komponen.
 AASHTO, Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, AASHTO, 1986
 ASPHALT INSTITUTE, Construction Spesification for Asphalt
Concrete, Series 1.
 Departemen Kimpraswil, Perencanaan Perkerasan Jalan Beton Semen, Pd
T-14-2003.
 Asphalt Institute, 1983, Principles of Construction Hot mix Asphalt
Pavement, MS- 22, Maryland, USA.
 Asphalt Institute, 1984, Asphalt Technology and Construction Practices
(ES-1), The Asphalt Institute Building College Park, Maryland.
 Krebs, RD and Walker, RD, 1971, Highway Material, Mc Graw Hill.
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
 Roberts, Kandhal and Brown, 1991, Hot Mix Asphalt Material, Mixture
Design and Construction, Napa Education Foundation Anham,
Maryland.
 Whiteoak, D., 1990, The Shell Bitument Hand Book, Shell, International
Petroleum Company Limited, London.
 Hosking, R., 1992, Road Aggregates and Skidding, HMSO, London.
Jenis Struktur Perkerasan

Jenis perkerasan
 Jalan raya (Highway)

 Bandar udara

 Rel kereta api (Railway)

Jenis struktur perkerasan

 Fleksibel (Flexible pavement)

 Kaku (Rigid pavement)

 Komposit (Composite pavement)

Lapis perkerasan

Mengapa harus diberi lapis perkerasan?

Mengapa perkerasan dibuat berlapis?

Semakin keatas tegangan yang dipikul semakin

besar maka butuh perkerasan yang semakin
bermutu. Perkerasan bagian bawah dapat
menggunakan bahan yang mutunya lebih rendah
PAVEMENT (harga lebih murah)

(PERKERASAN)
Daya dukung tanah dasar rendah, maka butuh
TANAH DASAR lapis perkerasan
Lapis perkerasan (1)
Gravel road (Jalan kerikil) Sealed granular road
(Jalan kerikil dilapisi aspal tipis)

GRANULAR (KERIKIL) GRANULAR (KERIKIL)

SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)

Asphalt pav’t (Jalan aspal) Concrete pav’t (Jalan beton)

ASPHALT (AGG+ASPAL)
CONCRETE (BETON)
GRANULAR (KERIKIL) GRANULAR (KERIKIL)
SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)
Lapis perkerasan (2)
Composite pavement Heavy duty concrete
(perkerasan komposit) (Jalan beton utk lalin berat)

ASPHALT (AGG+ASPAL) CONCRETE (BETON)

CONCRETE (BETON) CEMENT TREATED
(STAB SEMEN)
GRANULAR (KERIKIL) GRANULAR (KERIKIL)
SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)

Block pavement (lalin berat) Railway

Rel
ASPHALT or
BALLAST (GRANULAR)
CEMENT TREATED
GRANULAR (KERIKIL) SUB-BALLAST (GRANULAR)

SOIL (TANAH) SOIL (TANAH)

Cross-Section perkerasan
Basic pavement layers Heavy duty pevement
(Lapis perkerasan standar) (Perkerasan utk kendaraan berat)

Wearing course
Surfacing
(Lapis Permukaan) Binder course

Base course Base course

(Lapis pondasi atas/ LPA)

Sub-base course
Sub-base course
(Lapis pondasi bawah/ LPB)

Capping
Subgrade (Landasan)
(Tanah dasar)
Subgrade
Fungsi lapis perkerasan
Lapis fungsional (air hujan, suhu, kekesatan, suara)

Wearing course
Binder course

Harga bahan semakin mahal,

Lapis struktural (kekuatan)
Base course

Kekuatan struktural naik

Sub-base course

semakin tipis
Capping
(Landasan)

Subgrade
Bahan ikat antara lapis perkerasan
(Bonding)

Wearing course
(Asphalt) Tack coat (Aspal emulsi atau
Aspal+minyak tanah)
Binder course
(Asphalt)
Prime coat (Aspal + minyak
tanah)
Base course
(Unbound material/ granular)
Road pavement
Surfacing
Asphalt mechanics
Binder course

Concrete

Base course

Soil mechanics
Sub-base course

Sub-grade
Failure mechanism

TRAFFIC LOAD

CRACKING

TENSION
COMPRESSION

RUTTING
 Asphalt mechanics
Asphalt materials:
STRAIN DEPENDENT
STRESS
Stiffness = ---------------------
STRAIN
Stiffness

Critical

100%
Failure

50%

No. of standard axles

Asphalt mechanics
STRESS
STIFFNESS ? Stiffness = ---------------------
STRAIN
σ = Q/ab
εx = x / L
E = σ/εx = QL / xab

Q y

x
L z
x
cross section area = ab
Asphalt mechanics
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENT
Asphalt mechanics
RESPONSE TO
LOADS
Asphalt mechanics
VISCO-ELASTIC
MATERIALS
Soil mechanics

STRENGTH vs WATER ‫ = ז‬σ’ tan ø’

DRY CONDITION

σ’= σ - u WET CONDITION

Soil mechanics
Soil and granular: STRESS DEPENDENT
DEFORMATION (%)

FAILURE
PERMANENT

STRESS
Upper layer stiffness – bottom layer stress
POOR STRESS DISTRIBUTION BETTER STRESS DISTRIBUTION

LOW STIFFNESS HIGH STIFFNESS

HIGH STRESS LOW STRESS

THE ‘IDEAL’ PAVEMENT

M oving wheel loads

Skid resistant surface

High stiffness
Main structural element
(Durable) Crack resistant

[Bound Material]
Deformation resistant

Pavement Foundation Adequate platform to place

(Well drained) layer above

[Granular material over soil]

Komponen bahan perkerasan

 Agregat
 Bahan ikat:
aspal (perkerasan fleksibel)
Portland cement (perkerasan kaku)
 Bahan tambah (additives)
Kapur (lime)
PC
Lain-lain