Use the trapezoidal rule vritfu s Fntervals to evaluate

;1 2
J, fio*
,

correct to 3 decimal places

with g inreruars, the wid:;h *f each is i.e.

8
=
0.25 giving ordinates at I "**. I *?5. 1.50, 1.75,2.00,
2.25,2.50, 2.75 and 3.00. Corresponding values of
2
are shown in the ta[:]e b]elow:
-Jx
2 x (0.2s) {t + I .1s47) + 1.7889
T, Gdx t r(2.000
+ 1.6330 + t.5t tg + 1.4142
1.00 2.0m0
t,25 I.788q + I .3333 + 1,2649+ I .2060)
)
I .50 r .633*
1.75 I.51 t9 : 2.932, correct to 3 decirnal places
2.00 1.4t47
2.2s r.3333 i Exact result i - 2.928, correct to 3 decirnal !

2.50 t.2649
The smaller the interval width the more accurate
2.75 r .206c I

3.00 t rtr.r-t i will be the value of the definite integral.

I.l-)-t,t
__-
,

_J -_---_-__-_

Th* mid-ordinate rule

!

With the mid-ordinate rule each interval

of width d is assumed to be replaced by
a rectangle of height equal to the
ordinate at the middle point of each
interval, shown as yt,yz, ys, . . . yn in Fig.

ph

I
Ja
ydxo dyr* dyz+dlr *... + dy*
A, d(y * yz * yg + ...* yn)

4
 i.e. the rnid-ordinate rule sGmB,q:ni.

I" dx x ( x*'*s) { **lil:}#L*) {2)

Problem 2. Use the mid-ordinate ffisoi* n-v{q:i,"r

(a) 4 intervals, (b) 8 intervals, to eva$,,:,:ii.r*

, correct to 3 decrrwa$ *i*s:*s

!r' fth.
(a) With 4 interrrals, each will ha,ve * wridth of
3-1 i.e. 0.5 and
the ordinete* iil occur
4 , &tu

at 1.0, 1.5, 2.O, 2.5 and 3"$" Herr** ttre mid- 1.25 1.7ggg
ordinat"r yr , lz, )s and )4 occrxr ftt E.?5, 1.75,
2.25 and 2.75
L.',75 1.5119
2.25 1.3333
2.75 -
Corresponding values of +ar,e :;l:*wn in the
{x 1.2060
following table:

From equation (2):

f32
x (O.sXl.78se + l.sl Is
J, Gdx
t- 1.3333 + $.?0601
:2,920, correct to 3
decimal places

Exact result I * 2.928, Gonect to 3 dscinral

(b) with I inten als. each will have a width of

0.25 and the ordinates will occur at I .00, 1.25, .-2
1.50, 1.75,. . . and thus mid-ordinates at I .125. Jx
1.37 5, 1.625, I .875 . . . . Coresponding values 1.125 [.9956
of 2-- are shown in the following table: 1.375 1.7056
Jx t.625 t.56gg
1.975 t.4606
2.t2s 1.3720
2.375 l.2g7g
2.625 1.2344
2.875 l.l7g5

5
 Frorn equation (2):

N(0.2sx1.88s6 + 1.7056
fr' *d,x
+1.5689+1.4606+13724
+ 1.2978 + 1.2344 + 1.17951
- 2.926, correct to 3
decimal places

n2.4
Evaluate I e-xz? dx,,
Jo
correct to 4 significant figures, using the mid-ordinate rule
with 6 intervals
2'a
With 6 intervals each will have a width of ?
-
6i
,

i.e. 0.40 and the ordinates will occur at 0, 0.40, 0.80,

1.20, I .60, 2.m and 2.4A and thus rnid-ordinates at
0.20, 0.60, 1.00, 1.40, 1.80 and 2.24.

Corresponding values of e-* lt are shown in the

following table:
From equation (2):
-*
eT
f2-4 -x2'
o.za 0.98676 eT dx N (0.40X0 .9867 6 + 0. 88692
J,
0.60 0.88692
+ 0.71653 + 0.52031
1.00 0.71653
l.N 0.52031 + 0.33960 + 0. 199221

I.g0 0.33960 - L.460, correct to 4

2.2A O.W922 significant figureri. 12