TOPIC: Refractive Index of

different liquid through

hollow prism

Army Public School

Barrackpore
(2019-2020)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Soumyadip Guchhait

student of XII-F Army Public School
Barrackpore successfully completed his project
in Physics for AJSSCE as prescribed by the CBSE
in the year 2019-2020.

Date-
Registration number-
Sign of internal-
Sign of external-
 Index

Acknowledgement
What is a refraction
What is prism
Refraction principle of prism
Refractive index of different
liquid in hollow prism
Bibliography
 Acknowledgement

In the accomplishment of this project successfully many

people have best owned upon me their blessings and heart
pledged support.
The completion of project mainly depends upon the
cooperation and the combined effect of several resources
energy and time.
I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to
my teacher MR ARNAB ADHIKARY.
Lastly I would like to place thanks to all those who helped
me directly or indirectly to complete this project on time
and my family who’s appreciation and motivation
persuaded me to give my best.
 Physics Project
TOPIC: Refraction Index of
different liquid through hollow
prism
Army Public School
Barrackpore

Name: Soumyadip Guchhait

Class: XII
Sec: F
Roll No.:
 What is refraction?
When a ray of light travelling in a straight line in a
transparent homogeneous medium with certain
velocity, enters another transparent medium in
which it has different velocity, it bends at the
boundary (interface) of two media and then travel
again on a straight line in the other medium.
Refraction:-It is a phenomenon of bending of a ray
of light at the boundary (interface) of two optical
media when light ray is going from one optically
medium to another.
 What is Prism?
A prism is a piece of a transparent material
bounded by three rectangular surfaces forming
a triangle. One surface (which may be opaque
or transparent) is called base. Other two
surfaces are transparent and are called
refracting surfaces. The line along which the
refracting surfaces meet, is called the edge of
the prism. The angle between the two
refracting surfaces is called the angle of prism
or refracting angle of prism.
 Principle of Refraction
The phenomenon of refraction takes place according to the
following two laws:-
1. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the surface
at the point of incidence all lie in one plane
2. For any two given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle
of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant.

This constant is denoted by µ and is called the relative refractive

index of one medium with respect to other medium.
Mathematically -

It is also called Snell’s Law of Refraction.

The refractive index of a medium depends on the following factors:
 The nature of both the medium.
 The wavelength of the incident light.

If one medium is vacuum (or air), then the constant ratio given is
called absolute refractive index of the other medium. The absolute
refractive index of a medium can be defined in other way also.
The ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to the velocity of the
light in the medium is called absolute refractive index of the
medium.
 Procedure
 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing
board with help of drawing pins.
 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as
ABC.
 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with
the normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they
appear to be in the straight line.
 Place the prism filled with given sample of
liquid, on the marked outline ABC.
 Now take the pins and place them on the side
AC so that all the 4 pins appear to be in same
line.
 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the
points so obtained.
 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
 Repeat this with different liquids and different
angle of incidence.
 Observation
Water:-
Serial Angle of incidence (Li) Angle of deviation (Le)
No.
1.

2.

3.

Glycerine:-
Serial Angle of incidence (Li) Angle of deviation (Le)
No.
1.

2.

3.
HCl:-
Serial Angle of incidence (Li) Angle of deviation (Le)
No.
1.

2.

3.
 Conclusion
Refractive index of various liquid:-
 Water:-
Actual:- 1.33
Experimental:-

 Glycerine:-
Actual:- 1.45
Experimental:-

 HCl:-
Actual:- 1.25
Experimental:-
 Precaution
 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in
same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than

10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all

observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent

emergent and incident ray.
 Bibliography

 www.kikkipidia.com
 www.kidsstudy.com
 www.google.com
 NCERT Book