Sisforrfmwdesignengineersoctwebinarrev 6 Abr 9220214

Jack Sifri
MMIC/Module Design Flow Specialist / Keysight Technologies

AG E N D A
• Introduction
• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in ADS
• Design and Analysis on 5G Transmit Chain
➢ Analysis include:
1. Effect of the feed network and line lengths
2. Effect of component failure Appendix
3. Effect of varying PA’s AM/PM response • Transmit Chain components
4. Effect of PA dynamic impedance with antenna • Design and Simulation
5. Effect of coupling, cross talk, and isolation • Verification Test Bench (VTB) Simulation
6. Effect of non-linearities and harmonics • Phased Array Transceiver Design Example
• 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS technology
• Conclusion
SBC18H3 Jazz Process
2
INT RODUCT ION
• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?

• Propagation issues at mm-wave for mobile communication
• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas
3
INT RODUCT ION
• This presentation describes design techniques, simulation, and analysis of a 5G 28 GHz phased-
array transmit chain with a 4x4 beam-steered patch antenna array.
4X4 patch antenna 4

INT RODUCT ION

• Starting with EM/Circuit co-simulation, the presentation will detail various results and analysis
uncovered during the design phase and show the effects of various physical design aspects on the
overall performance of the 5G transmit chain.
5
INT RODUCT ION

• This presentation describes design techniques, simulation, and analysis of a 5G 28 GHz phased-
array transmit chain with a 4x4 beam-steered patch antenna array.
• Starting with EM Circuit co-simulation, the presentation will detail various results and analysis
uncovered during the design phase and show the effects of various physical design aspects on the
overall performance of the 5G transmit chain.
• We will then discuss X-Parameters and a powerful statistical design methodology to reduce
variability and create robust 5G Circuits.
6
H B , S - PAR , E N V E L O P E , T R AN , D C , AC
Transceiver Components
Circuit level designs; X-parameter

models, EM models, etc.
7
Antenna and other

physical structures
+
Circuit level designs; X-parameter Momentum Planar EM
models, EM models, etc. Full 3D FEM Simulation
8
Complete EM / Circuit Simulation

Antenna and other and Analysis
physical structures
+ =
Captures the excitation from the T/R
module and apply it to the Antenna(s)
The output from the Circuit simulation

drives/excites the Antenna ports
9
Play Video Demo on

EM/Circuit Co-Simulation in ADS RFPro
Complete EM / Circuit Simulation

Antenna and other and Analysis
physical structures
+ =
Captures the excitation from the
T/R module and apply it to the
Antenna(s)
The output from the Circuit
simulation drives/excites the
Antenna ports
10
S Y S T E M / C I R C U I T / E M C O - S I M U L AT I O N W I T H A R E A L I S T I C 5 G S O U R C E
11
S U M M ARY
Antenna Parameters
Far and Near Fields
0 degrees
Circuit/EM Co-simulation
ADS Data Display
12
V A R I O U S A N A LY S I S U S I N G E M / C I R C U I T C O - S I M U L AT I O N
Analysis
2. Effect of component failure
3. Effect of varying PA’s AM/PM response
4. Effect of PA dynamic impedance with antenna
5. Effect of coupling, cross talk, and isolation
6. Effect of non-linearities and harmonics
13
E F F E C T O F F E E D I N G N E T W O R K AN D L I N E L E N G T H S
Courtesy: Dr. Gabriel Rebeiz’s RFIC Symposium Plenary talk, June 2017 14
F E E D N E T W O R K W I T H N O L I N E S O R E Q U AL L I N E L E N G T H S
P1
P1
P2
P2
P3 P3
P4
P4
15
REFERENCE: F E E D N E T W O R K W I T H N O L I N E S O R E Q U AL L I N E L E N G T H S
Side lobe 14.33 dB down

Null 34.9 dB down
Reference
16
F E E D N E T W O R K W I T H D I F F E R E N T U N E Q U AL L I N E L E N G T H S
Feed Lines
P1
P1
P2
P2
P3 P3
P4
P4
17
F E E D N E T W O R K W I T H S H O R T AN D U N E Q U AL L I N E L E N G T H S
shift
5 deg
mm

Null 18.75 dB down
Reference Side lobe 14.33 dB down
Null 34.9 dB down
18
F E E D N E T W O R K W I T H L O N G E R AN D U N E Q U AL L I N E L E N G T H S
shift
L1 = 3 28 deg
L2 = 5
mm
L3 = 7
L4 = 9
Phase Shifter
Phase Angle = 0°

Side lobe 14.33 dB down Null 24.73 dB down
Reference Null 34.9 dB down
19
Analysis
20
E F F E C T S O F C O M P O N E N T FAI L U R E
At the component level, electronic failures fall into four categories:
1. Catastrophic Failure – the failure of function is total, as with diodes that conduct in both
directions, transistors without gain, or capacitors which become short-Circuit
2. Parametric Failure – the component functions in the intended manner, but outside normal
operating limits. Examples of this are passive components which have drifted outside
tolerance, perhaps altering the response curve of filters
3. Intermittent Failure – the function is correct for the majority of the time, but occasionally
becomes for a short time either a catastrophic or parametric failure. Such faults are
commonly caused by poor connections
4. Environmental Failure – the component fails to work correctly over the intended range of
environments, Circuits may malfunction at low or high temperature, or under conditions of
vibration
21
E X A M P L E O F I N T E R M I T T E N T F A I L U R E AT D I V I D E R
Effect if a row of four adjacent PA’s fail
Solder
joint?
22
Effect if a row of four adjacent PA’s fail
Solder
joint?
23
Effect if a row of four adjacent PA’s fail All PA’s are ON - Gain = 17.5 dB
Sidelobe 14.5 dB down; Null 36 dB down
Four PA’s go out - Gain = 16.58 dB

Sidelobe Sidelobe
14.7 dB down 14.5 dB down Sidelobes are not the problem here. Loss
of gain and power is the main problem
Lost 1/3 of the power

(W)
= 38.12 dBm = 36.36 dBm
24
Effect if a row of four adjacent PA’s fail All PA’s are ON - Gain = 17.5 dB
Four PA’s go out - Gain = 16.58 dB

Sidelobe Sidelobe
14.7 dB down 14.5 dB down Sidelobes are not the problem here. Loss
of gain and power is the main problem
Lost 1/3 of the power

(W)
= 38.12 dBm = 36.36 dBm
25
E X A M P L E O F C O M P O N E N T C AT A S T R O P H I C F A I L U R E
Effect if either one or two PA’s failing
#2
#11
26
Effect if either one or two PA’s failing
#2
#11
27
Effect if one PA (#2) or two PA’s (2,11) failing All PA’s are ON >> Gain = 17.5 dB
Red (Reference) – all PA’s are on
Blue - PA #2 is off PA #2 fails >> Gain = 16.3 dB
Green - PA’s 2 &11 are off Sidelobe 14.7 dB down; Null 37 dB down
PA’s (2,11) fail >> Gain = 15.8 dB

Sidelobe 10.4 dB down; Null 25.5 dB down
Sidelobe is
Sidelobe of user 1 could interfere with main
4.1 dB higher
beam of user 2 pointing in that direction
Lost ≈ ½ the power

(W)
= 38.12 dBm = 35.98 dBm = 35.44 dBm
28
Effect if one PA (#2) or two PA’s (2,11) failing All PA’s are ON >> Gain = 17.5 dB
Red (Reference) – all PA’s are on
Blue - PA #2 is off PA #2 fails >> Gain = 16.3 dB
Green - PA’s 2 &11 are off Sidelobe 14.7 dB down; Null 37 dB down
PA’s (2,11) fail >> Gain = 15.8 dB

Sidelobe is
Sidelobe of user 1 could interfere with main
4.1 dB higher
beam of user 2 pointing in that direction

(W)
= 38.12 dBm = 35.98 dBm = 35.44 dBm
29
Effect if PA #2 and #10 fail
30
Effect if PA’s 2,10 failing compared with 2,11 failing All PA’s are ON - Gain = 17.5 dB
Red (Reference) – all PA’s are on Sidelobe 14.5 dB down; Null 36 dB down
Green - PA’s 2 &11 are off
Black – PA’s 2 & 10 are off PA’s 2,11 go out - Gain = 15.8 dB
PA’s 2,10 go out - Gain = 15.9 dB

Sidelobe is Sidelobe of user 1 could interfere with main

4.7 dB higher beam of user 2 pointing in that direction

(W)
= 38.12 dBm = 35.44 dBm = 35.44 dBm

31
Effect if PAs 2 and 10 fail User 1 – Boresight @ 0 degrees

All PA’s are ON - Gain = 17.5 dBi
User 1
User 2 – Boresight @ theta = - 44 degrees

User 2 PA’s 2,10 go out - Gain = 13.7 dB
Sidelobe Gain = 10.5 dBi @ 0 deg
Sidelobe of user 2 would interfere with

main beam of user 1 pointing in that
direction
32
Effect if PAs 2 and 10 fail User 1 – Boresight @ 0 degrees

All PA’s are ON - Gain = 17.5 dBi
User 1
User 2 – Boresight @ theta = - 44 degrees
User 2 PA’s 2,10 go out - Gain = 13.7 dB
Sidelobe Gain = 10.5 dBi @ 0 deg
User 2
sidelobe
Sidelobe of user 2 would interfere with

main beam of user 1 pointing in that direction
33
E X A M P L E O F E N V I R O N M E N T A L F A I L U R E : P A T E M P E R AT U R E E F F E C T ( 2 5 ° C V S . 6 0 ° C )
Temperature Effect
60°C
25°C
34
T E M P E R AT U R E E F F E C T ( P A’ S ) – ( 2 5 ° C V S . 6 0 ° C )
29.0 25°C
18.3
60°C
Mag Radiation Intensity (25 deg)
Mag Radiation Intensity (60 deg)
25°C 38.12 dBm W More than

1/3 of the
power is lost
60°C 36.13 dBm W
35
C U R R E N T M I R R O R B I A S N E T W O R K F O R T E M P C O M P E N S AT I O N
Active Bias Topology

(Temp Compensation)
Iref
Simple
Current
Iout
Mirror
Imir
Rb
Qmir Qrf
Vbemir Vberf
Vbemir = VRb + Vberf
36
Hold Amplifier Device Temp (Trf)

Constant; vary Tmirror: Equation has two terms
Active Bias Topology
(Temp Compensation)
dI OUT dVbe MIR dI OUT
= *
dTMIR dTMIR dVbe MIR
Iref Vbemir Rb
Simple −
dI OUT Is
=
VT ( rf ) r ( rf )
Current e
Iout dVbe MIR VT ( rf )
Mirror
Imir
Rb
Qmir Qrf Vbe vs. Temperature
Vbemir Vberf
dVbe MIR
 −1.1mV /  C
dTMIR
Vbemir = VRb + Vberf Well known characteristic

of PN junction diodes:
Diode voltage is CTAT
(complementary to absolute temperature), driven
by the saturation current Is 37

Active Bias Topology dTMIR
=
dTMIR
*
dVbe MIR
-ve slope
(Temp Compensation)
Iref
-ve slope +ve slope
Simple
Vbemir Rb
Current dI OUT Is VT ( rf ) − r ( rf )
Mirror
Iout = e
Imir
dVbe MIR VT ( rf )
Rb
Vbemir Vberf
dVbe MIR
 −1.1mV /  C
dTMIR
Vbemir = VRb + Vberf
38
Hold Amplifier Device Temp (Trf)

Active Bias Topology Constant; vary Tmirror: If TMIR ↑, VbeMIR ↓ See
Graph
(Temp Compensation)
dTMIR
=
dTMIR
*
dVbe MIR
If VbeMIR ↓, IOUT ↓ Eqn.
Iref
OR
Vbemir Rb
Simple −
dI OUT Is
Current = e
VT ( rf ) r ( rf )
If TMIR, ↓ VbeMIR ↑ See
Graph
Iout dVbe MIR VT ( rf )
Mirror
Imir If VbeMIR ↑, IOUT ↑ Eqn.
Rb
Vbemir Vberf
dVbe MIR
If Qmir is cooler than Qrf, the
 −1.1mV /  C bias current Iout will increase,
dTMIR
which can increase the RF gain
Vbemir = VRb + Vberf Well known characteristic

of PN junction diodes:
Diode voltage is CTAT
(complementary to absolute temperature), driven
by the saturation current Is 39
I N T E G R AT E D E L E C T R O T H E R M A L S I M U L AT I O N I N A D S
MMIC PA PA IC in QFN Package
40
Analysis
41
E F F E C T O F V A R Y I N G P A’ S A M / P M R E S P O N S E
PA X-Parameter model
Used various X-parameter models
with different AM/PM response
42
X - PAR AM E T E R S
• Much faster simulation speed and trade-

off analysis in hierarchical system design
and verification.
Circuit Topology
• Accurately captures all non-linearities
• Protects your IP
• Accurate load pull modeling capability
X-parameter
Model
43
Overlaid Results
Model (Red) vs. Circuit (Blue)
44
Overlaid Results
Model (Red) vs. Circuit (Blue)
45
U S I N G P A’ S W I T H V A R I E D A M / P M R E S P O N S E
Pin / Pout and Phase Response of PA
PA X-Parameter model
Circuit Sim – Red

X-Par model – Blue
46
Pout
Phase
47

Null 24.76 dB down
Reference Null 34.9 dB down
48
D O E H E L P S C R E AT E R O B U S T D E S I G N S W I T H S M A L L V A R I AT I O N
Use Design of
PA1 Experiments (DOE) PA2
Wider variation to reduce variation Smaller variation
Phase
Phase
This YouTube video shows you how to

use DOE to reduce variability and
create robust designs with high yield
49
R E AL D E S I G N E X AM P L E S U S I N G D O E T E C H N I Q U E
A real fabricated design

X-band amplifier
Amp
8 GHz
1) Used a standard
design technique
2) Used a robust Design of Experiments (DOE)

based design technique
50
Amp1 Amp2
Standard Design Technique DOE based Design Technique
51
Mixer
8 GHz Amp 20 GHz
LO
12 GHz
1) Used a standard 2) Used a robust Design of Experiments (DOE)

design technique based design technique (Amp and Mixer)
52
Mixer1 Mixer2
Amp 1 Amp 2
U/C 1 U/C 2
LO
LO
Standard Design Technique DOE Based Design Technique
53
D O E H E L P S C R E AT E R O B U S T D E S I G N S W I T H S M A L L V A R I AT I O N
This YouTube video shows you how to

use DOE to reduce variability and
create robust designs with high yield
Use Design of
PA1 Experiments (DOE) PA2
Wider variation to reduce variation Smaller variation
Phase
Phase
54
Analysis
55
E F F E C T O F PA D Y N AM I C I M P E D AN C E W I T H AN T E N N A
“The importance of active input

impedance should not be
underestimated. Its effects can be
dramatic because it directly impacts the
amplitude and phase excitations of the
array elements and these are the very
parameters you are using to control the
array!”
From:
An Introduction to Phased Array Design
A Technical Note by N. Tucker
15/04/2011
56
P AT C H A N T E N N A D E S I G N ( 4 X 4 A R R AY – ½ L A M B D A ) W E L L M AT C H E D T O 5 0 O H M S
Transmit Chain
1 50 ohm resistive loads
2 (no coupling)
3
4 1 5 9 13 Sweeping Phase_Shift from -60 to 60 deg
5 Gamma 1, 2, 3,…,16 all = 50 ohms
6
7 2 6 14
10
8
9
Transmit Chain Output Power = 28.5 dBm
10 3 7 11 15
11
12
13 4 8 12 16
14
Impedance = 50 ohms
15
16
57
Transmit Chain
1 Between 40 - 62 ohms resistive Sweeping Phase_Shift from -60 to 60 deg
2
Loads (no coupling) Gamma 1, 2, 3,…,16 vary 40 - 62 ohms
3
4
1 5 9 13
5
6
7
8 2 6 10 14
9
Transmit Chain Output Power
1 28.1 dBm to 28.72 dBm
0
1 3 7 11 15
1
1
2
1 Impedance = 40 - 62 ohms
3
1
4
1 4 8 12 16
5
1
6
58
Sweeping Phase_Shift from -60 to 60 deg

Gamma 1, 2, 3,…,16 varying complex loads
59
Transmit Chain
1 Sweeping Phase_Shift from -60 to 60 deg
Gamma 1, 2, 3,…,16 Antenna complex loads @ 28GHz
2 Complex Loads R+jX
3 (no coupling)
4
1 5 9 13
5
6
7 2 6 10 14
8
9 3 7 11 15
10
11 Transmit Chain Output Power
4 8 12 16 28.4 dBm to 28.5 dBm
12
13
14 Real(Z) = 53 - 55 ohms
15
16
60
Transmit Chain Antenna Load - Dynamic

1 Impedance (with coupling). It
2 changes as we sweep Phase angle
3 Now let’s use the actual antenna with its
4
1 5 9 13 EM simulated model including all couplings
5
6
7
8
2 6 10 14
9
10 3 15
7 11
11
12
13
4 8 12 16
14
15
16
61
Transmit Chain Antenna Load - Dynamic Sweeping Phase_Shift from -60 to 60 deg
1 Impedance (with coupling). It Gamma 1, 2, 3,,16 vary with phase >> Dynamic Impedance
2 changes as we sweep Phase angle
3
4
1 5 9 13
5
6
7
8
2 6 10 14 64
Real(Z1 to Z16) ohm

10 3 15
7 11
11
12
13
4 8 12 16
14
15
16
Phase angle -60 to 60 deg
36
62
Phase shift -60 to 60 deg

63
Close to 1 dB variation in Power Output

64
PA’s with different AM/PM response Next, use 16 PA’s with different AM/PM
response to simulate the effect of the dynamic
impedance between the PA’s and the antenna.
65
Close to 3.5 dB variation in Output Power

66
E F F E C T O F PA D Y N AM I C I M P E D AN C E W I T H AN T E N N A
As scan angle increases:

• Less power to main lobe (lower peak gain)
Q=0o
• Less directivity (wider beam)
• PA loading & impedance changes
Q=45o
oAffects the final beam shape
oIn extreme cases can create blind spots
• More energy goes to side lobes (“grating lobes”)
67
E F F E C T O F PA D Y N AM I C I M P E D AN C E W I T H AN T E N N A ( S Y S T E M V I E W )
ArrayPhase1 {ArrayPhase}
CalcMode=Auto
Theta=11 ° [mytheta]
ArraySplit1 {ArraySplit} Phi=46 ° [myphi]
InsertionLoss=1 dB SParamSource=DataSet
Mode=SubArray DatasetName=HMC543ALC4B_sparm_25C_0.0.s2p
NumRows=8 RxInOrTxOutMap=2
NumCols=8 RxOutOrTxInMap=1
Rx Po rt_1 Po rt_2
Tx Circuit_Link
ArrayPort1 {ArrayPort} Subnetwork1 {Circuit_Link}

RxTx=Tx DesignName=XParamAmp
Freq=2 GHz [Freq] ArrayAttn1 {ArrayAttn} ArrayAnt2 {ArrayAnt}
Window=Taylor Configuration=Uniform Rectangular Array
Phase=0 °
SideLobeLevel=-20 dB10 NumElementsX=8
MainCarrierIndex=1
NumBars=2 NumElementsY=8
SParamSource=DataSet DistanceUnit=Wavelengths
DatasetName=HMC1019ALP4E_sparameters_deembedded_0.0p0dB.s… DistanceX_in_Wavelengths=0.25
RxInOrTxOutMap=2 DistanceY_in_Wavelengths=0.25
RxOutOrTxInMap=1 ElementPatternType=Pattern File
ElementPatternFileName=D:\EMPROHOME\single_element_patter…
ActiveLoading=Active Reflection Coefficients
RxTx=Tx
1 8X8 8X8 8X8 8X8 8X8

Digital
Digital Antenna
Source Splitter Phase Amplifier
Attenuator Array
Shifter
S-parameters Multiple Multiple X-parameters Element patterns,
S-parameters S-parameters Polarization coupling,
Active impedance
Courtesy: Dr. Murthy Upmaka 68

E F F E C T O F PA D Y N AM I C I M P E D AN C E W I T H AN T E N N A ( S Y S T E M V I E W )
Mild blind angles are observed here due to the active reflection coefficients and accurate models for amplifiers,
Phase shifters and attenuators. The simulation can further be enhanced if employed load pulled X-parameters.

Analysis
70
COUPLING EFFECT S
71
COUPLING EFFECT S

Reference Null 34.9 dB down Null 19.29 dB down
72
L E A K A G E A N D I S O L AT I O N E F F E C T S
Four Channel Switched Beam System

Antenna 1
Design for low leakage and
28 GHz
account for coupling early on in
the design cycle:
Antenna 2
28 GHz
• Make sure all power dividers
Switch
in the System have excellent
isolation
Antenna 3
• Run EM simulation to account
for proximity effects and 28 GHz
compensate for coupling
Antenna 4
28 GHz
73
G O O D I S O L AT I O N / L O W L E A K A G E
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Good isolation
29.91 dBm - 2.46 dBm
29.32 dBm - 3.06 dBm
74
B A D I S O L AT I O N / H I G H L E A K A G E
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Bad isolation
29.91 dBm 12.54 dBm
29.32 dBm 11.95 dBm
75
SP4T PIN DIODE SWIT CH
On
Off
Off
Off
32 - 38 dB
isolation
< - 20 dB Return Loss
76
Analysis
77
F A R F I E L D V I S U A L I Z AT I O N
Effect of Non-linearities due to

Frequency Translation and Amplification
Frequency Up-Conversion

F A R F I E L D V I S U A L I Z AT I O N
Effect of Non-linearities due to

Frequency Translation and Amplification
Frequency Up-Conversion

E F F E C T O F N O N - L I N E AR I T I E S
Simulated radiation pattern of

U/C phased array system
10 GHz 8 GHz 20 GHz ….
80
8 GHz intermod violates

Spectrum Emission Mask
(SEM) spec
81
Courtesy: Dr. Murthy Upmaka
8 GHz intermod violates SEM

R I
L
RFAmp_1 {RFAMP} BPF_Butter_1 {BPF_BUTTER} Modify the filter

G=20 dB10 IL=0.2 dB
Mixer_1 {MIXER_BASIC} NF=3 dB10 N=7
ConvGain=-8.000009 dB Flo=9.2 GHz
LO=7 dBm Fhi=10.8 GHz
PwrOscillator_3 {PwrOscillator}
F=9000 MHz
Pwr=7 dBm
Problem fixed!
R I
L
RFAmp_1 {RFAMP} BPF_Butter_1 {BPF_BUTTER}
Use narrower filter

G=20 dB10 IL=0.2 dB
Mixer_1 {MIXER_BASIC} NF=3 dB10 N=7
ConvGain=-8.000009 dB Flo=9.5 GHz
LO=7 dBm Fhi=10.5 GHz
PwrOscillator_3 {PwrOscillator}
F=9000 MHz
Pwr=7 dBm 82
E F F E C T O F N O N - L I N E AR I T I E S AN D H AR M O N I C S
Two Shared-Frequency Transmit 𝑣𝑖,𝑛 = 𝐴1 𝑛 cos 𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑛𝛼1 + 𝐴2 𝑛 cos 𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑛𝛼2

Signals from Same Aperture:
2 3
𝑣𝑜,𝑛 = 𝛽1 𝑣𝑖,𝑛 + 𝛽2 𝑣𝑖,𝑛 + 𝛽3 𝑣𝑖,𝑛
Third-Order
Nonlinear Terms;
PAs
These third order non-linearities cause
Intermodulation Distortion on the
antenna pattern from the output of the PA
83
Pedro Rodriguez-Garcia, Caleb Calabrese, Charles Baylis, Robert J. Marks II - Baylor University
Third order non-linearities

cause Intermodulation
Distortion on the antenna
pattern from the output of
the PA
84
IMD3 Loadpull finds minimum IMD3 impedance to present to each PA

Element-wise impedance tuning to mitigate nonlinearities
85
CONCLUSION
This presentation has demonstrated the importance of:

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in 5G design and simulation
• Analysis
• See Appendix for added information
86
CONCLUSION
This presentation has demonstrated the importance of:

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in 5G design and simulation
• Analysis
3. Effect of varying PA’s AM/PM response Appendix
4. Effect of PA dynamic impedance with antenna • Transmit Chain components
5. Effect of coupling, cross talk, and isolation • Design and Simulation
6. Effect of non-linearities and harmonics • Verification Test Bench (VTB) Simulation
• See Appendix for added information • Phased Array Transceiver Design Example
87
Appendix
• Transmit Chain components
• Design and Simulation
• Verification Test Bench (VTB) Simulation
• Phased Array Transceiver Design Example
89
S Y S T E M / C I R C U I T / E M C O - S I M U L AT I O N A N D B E A M S T E E R I N G
Plextek RFI Buffer Amp Phase Shifter 4X4 Array .5 Lambda

Power Divider 28 GHz BPF Plextek RFI PA Patch Antenna
90
28 GHZ POWER DIVIDER
Power Divider
Designed with:
TriQuint PHEMT process
91
M M - W AV E S M A L L S I G N A L A M P S
mm-Wave small signal Amp
Designed with:
TriQuint PHEMT process
92
2 8 G HZ F ILT E R RE S P O NS E
28 GHz BPF
93
M M - W AV E P O W E R A M P L I F I E R
Designed with:
GCS InP_DHBT Process
Plextek RFI PA
Global Communications Semiconductors
X-Parameter model
94
F O U R B I T P H AS E S H I F T E R – 2 2 . 5 ° P H AS E I N C R E M E N T S
45 deg 180 deg

Designed with:
22.5 deg 90 deg TriQuint PHEMT
process
95
C A L C U L AT E P H A S E S H I F T E R P H A S E E R R O R
22.5 deg 22.5 deg
-5 +5
+5 -5
When Circuit 1 is “ON”, Circuit 2 is “OFF”

When Circuit 1 is “OFF”, Circuit 2 is “ON”
96
CIRCUIT LEVEL DESIGNS
Circuit level designs
P -1dB = 28.65 dBm

@ Pin -3 dBm
SS_Gain = 32.75 dB
LS_Gain = 31.65 dB @ Pin = -3 dBm (Pout = 28.65 dBm)
LS_Gain = 29.44 dB @ Pin = 1 dBm (Pout = 30.44 dBm)
97
B E H AV I O R A L L E V E L D E S I G N S
Behavioral level designs
P -1dB = 28.8 dBm

@ Pin -10 dBm
SS_Gain = 40 dB
98
P AT C H A N T E N N A D E S I G N
4.8 mm
3.28 mm
0.84 mm
mm
0.58
1.14 mm
H=.794 mm Er=2.2 TanD=.0009
0.84 mm
99
P AT C H A N T E N N A D E S I G N ( 4 X 4 A R R AY – ½ L A M B D A )
100
A P P LY I N G P H A S E S H I F T T O A N T E N N A P O R T S
http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased%20Array%20Antenna.en.html
The main beam always points in the

direction of the increasing phase
shift.
Well, if the signal to be radiated is
delivered through an electronic
phase shifter giving a continuous
phase shift now, the beam direction
will be electronically adjustable.
However, this cannot be extended
unlimitedly. The highest value,
which can be achieved for the
Field of View (FOV) of a phased
array antenna, is 120° (60° left and
60° right). With the sine theorem the
necessary phase moving can be
calculated.
101
http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased%20Array%20Antenna.en.html
The phase shift Δφ between two

successive elements is constant
and is called phase-increment.
102
Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle

61.5 degrees 20 degrees
31.2 10
22.5 7.2
103
S W E E P I N G T H E P H AS E S H I F T E R F O R D I F F E R E N T L O O K - U P AN G L E S
Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle

61.5 degrees 20 degrees
31.2 10
22.5 7.2
104
E X AM P L E : 0 . 1 8 U M S i G e B i C M O S T E C H N O L O G Y
5G 28-GHz Phased Array

Transceiver
105
U S E J AZZ P R O C E S S S B C 1 8 H 3
Transmit Receive
LOS Link
10 Km
106
S I G E B I C M O S D O H E R T Y P O W E R AM P L I F I E R
PA Output Power and Phase

Doherty PA
Small Signal S-Parameters
107
T R A N S C E I V E R S I M U L AT E D R E S U L T S
-10.3 dBm -4.65 dBm 20.4 dBm 16.8 dBm -76.8 dBm -34.7 dBm 11.3 dBm
Pin PA_in PA_out P_Antenna LNA_in LNA_out P_received
P_Antenna 16.8 dBm

Antenna gain14 dB 108 dB Loss in the LOS Link
LNA_in -77 dBm
108
RECEIVER NOISE FIGURE
Gain = 60 dB
S11 = -35 dB
S22 = -27 dB
NF = 3.5 dB
109
T R A N S M I T C H A I N V E R I F I C AT I O N T E S T B E N C H F O R E V M
110
T R A N S M I T C H A I N V E R I F I C AT I O N T E S T B E N C H F O R E V M
111
R E C E I V E C H A I N V E R I F I C AT I O N T E S T B E N C H F O R B E R
112
R E C E I V E C H A I N V E R I F I C AT I O N T E S T B E N C H F O R B E R
113
T R AN S C E I V E R T R AN S M I T AN T E N N A
114
T R AN S C E I V E R R E C E I V E AN T E N N A1
115
T R AN S C E I V E R R E C E I V E AN T E N N A2
116
How to perform EM/Circuit Excitation in ADS prior to RFPro
118
Step 3
Step 1
Step 2
119
E M / C I R C U I T C O - S I M U L AT I O N A N D B E A M S T E E R I N G : F A R F I E L D V I S U A L I Z AT I O N
Sweeping phase
shifter states
Select
frequency
120
There is a mathematical
relationship between the 4 Bit Phase-shifter 16 states Antenna incremental
Phase-shifter angle and 22.5 degrees each step look-up angle = 7.2
beam angle degrees
7.2 degrees
Beam angle
Phase-shifter angle
is 22.5 degrees
Beam angle is 7.2

degrees
121
Antenna incremental
look-up angle = 7.2
degrees
14.4 degrees
122
43.2 degrees
123
50.4 degrees
124
The highest value, which

can be achieved for the
Field of View (FOV) of a
phased array antenna, is
120° (60° left and 60° right). 57.6 degrees
-57.6 degrees
125
- 50.4 degrees
126
- 21.6 degrees
127
- 14.4 degrees
128
- 7.2 degrees
129
0 degrees
130
S U M M ARY
Antenna Parameters
Far and Near Fields
0 degrees
Circuit/EM Co-simulation
ADS Data Display
131

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Jack Sifri

MMIC/Module Design Flow Specialist / Keysight Technologies

• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?

• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas

• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?

• Propagation issues at mm-wave for mobile communication

• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas

4X4 patch antenna 4

• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?

• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?

• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas

Circuit level designs; X-parameter

Antenna and other

Complete EM / Circuit Simulation

The output from the Circuit simulation

Play Video Demo on

Complete EM / Circuit Simulation

Far and Near Fields

ADS Data Display

Side lobe 14.33 dB down

Side lobe 8.93 dB down

Side lobe 10.63 dB down

At the component level, electronic failures fall into four categories:

Effect if a row of four adjacent PA’s fail

Effect if a row of four adjacent PA’s fail

Four PA’s go out - Gain = 16.58 dB

Lost 1/3 of the power

= 38.12 dBm = 36.36 dBm

Four PA’s go out - Gain = 16.58 dB

Lost 1/3 of the power

= 38.12 dBm = 36.36 dBm

Effect if either one or two PA’s failing

Effect if either one or two PA’s failing

PA’s (2,11) fail >> Gain = 15.8 dB

Lost ≈ ½ the power

= 38.12 dBm = 35.98 dBm = 35.44 dBm

PA’s (2,11) fail >> Gain = 15.8 dB

Lost ≈ ½ the power

= 38.12 dBm = 35.98 dBm = 35.44 dBm

Effect if PA #2 and #10 fail

PA’s 2,10 go out - Gain = 15.9 dB

Sidelobe is Sidelobe of user 1 could interfere with main

Lost ≈ ½ the power

= 38.12 dBm = 35.44 dBm = 35.44 dBm

Effect if PAs 2 and 10 fail User 1 – Boresight @ 0 degrees

User 2 – Boresight @ theta = - 44 degrees

Sidelobe of user 2 would interfere with

Effect if PAs 2 and 10 fail User 1 – Boresight @ 0 degrees

Sidelobe of user 2 would interfere with

25°C 38.12 dBm W More than

Active Bias Topology

Vbemir = VRb + Vberf

Hold Amplifier Device Temp (Trf)

Vbemir = VRb + Vberf Well known characteristic

dI OUT dVbe MIR dI OUT

Vbemir = VRb + Vberf

Hold Amplifier Device Temp (Trf)

Vbemir = VRb + Vberf Well known characteristic

MMIC PA PA IC in QFN Package

• Much faster simulation speed and trade-

• Accurate load pull modeling capability

Pin / Pout and Phase Response of PA

Circuit Sim – Red