Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ferdinand Marcos
Nasa puwesto
30 Disyembre 1965 – 25 Pebrero 1986
Punong Ministro Cesar Virata (1981–
1986)
Nasa puwesto
12 Hunyo 1978 – 30 Hunyo 1981
Assemblyman
Nasa puwesto
12 Hunyo 1978 – 30 Hunyo 1981
Pansariling detalye
Pansariling detalye
Trabaho Tagapagtanggol
Senado
Sa pamamagitan ng kongresistang si
Daniel Romualdez na pinsan ni Imelda
ay nakilala ni Ferdinand si Imelda na
naging Miss Leyte. Si Imelda ay
ginawaran ng pamagat na "Muse of
Manila" ng alkalde ng Maynila na si
Arsenio Lacson pagkatapos ng
pagprotesta ni Imelda sa kanyang
pagkatalo sa patimpalak na "Miss
Manila". Ikinasal sina Ferdinand at
Imelda sa Huwes noong 1 Mayo 1954.
Nagkaroon sila ng tatlong anak: sina
Imee, Bongbong at Irene. Si Marcos ay
may isa pang anak na babae na si
Analisa Hegyesi sa modelong si Evelin
Hegyesi.[11][12] Iniulat na si Ferdinand
Marcos ay nagkaroon ng lihim na
relasyon sa artistang Amerikana na si
Dovie Beams na dumating sa Pilipinas
noong 1968 upang gumanap sa isang
pelikulang tungkol kay Marcos. Ito ay
iniulat na nagdulot ng isang eskandalo
kay Marcos dahil sa tape na nirecord ni
Beams ng kanyang pakikipagsiping kay
Marcos[13][14][15][16] na isinahimpapawid
ng mga estudyanteng nagpoprotesta
sa estasyon ng radyo ng Unibersidad
ng Pilipinas ng higit sa isang
linggo.[17][18]
Punong Ministro
Noong 7 Abril 1978, idinaos ang unang
halalan para sa Batasang Pambansa
kung saan nakuha ng partido ni Marcos
ang 152 ng 165 upuan nito na gumawa
kay Ferdinand Marcos na Punong
Ministro ng Pilipinas mula 1978
hanggang 1981. Inakusahan ng
oposisyon si Marcos ng pandaraya sa
pagbilang ng mga balota.[26]
Bagong Lipunan
Si Marcos ay inakusahan ng
pagtanggap ng mga kickback mula sa
kontrata ng Bataan nuclear power
plant.[2] Ang crony ni Marcos na si
Herminio Disini ay kinasuhan ng
Sandiganbayan noong 2004 dahil sa
umano'y pagkuha ng mga suhol na 18
milyong dolyar kapalit ng paggamit ng
kanyang impluwensiya upang ibigay
ang kontrata ng pagtatayo ng Bataan
nuclear power plant para sa mga
kompanyang Amerikano na Burns and
Roe at Westinghouse Electrical
Corp.[2][47]
Snap Election
Pebrero 1986
Legasiya ng pamumuno ni
Marcos
Sa kasalukuyan, ang pamahalaan ng
Pilipinas ay nagbabayad pa rin ng
interes sa mga utang pandayuhan ng
bansa na natamo noong panahon ng
administrasyong Marcos hanggang sa
2025. Nang maging Pangulo si Marcos
noong 1965, ang utang na pandayuhan
ng Pilipinas ay mababa sa dalawang
bilyong dolyar. Nang mapatalsik si
Marcos noong 1986, ang utang na
pandayuhan ng Pilipinas ay umabot ng
28 bilyong dolyar.[3][4] Ayon sa mga
ulat, ang 33% ng mga utang
pandayuhan na katumbas ng 8 bilyong
dolyar ay napunta sa bulsa ni Marcos
at kanyang mga crony.[4] Noong 1975,
ang 57% ng mga pamilyang Pilipino ay
iniulat na mahirap.[4]
Mga sanggunian
1. http://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/
fw8.html
2. http://www.assetrecovery.org/kc/r
esources/org.apache.wicket.Appli
cation/repo?nid=62506d95-a33e-
11dc-bf1b-335d0754ba85
3. http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2
012/09/500590.html
4. http://www.philippinehumanrights.
org/news/statements/227-the-
marcos-legacy-of-fraudulent-and-
illegitimate-debts
5. http://www.theguardian.com/worl
d/2004/mar/26/indonesia.philippi
nes
6. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-
asia-21022457
7. http://www.baselgovernance.org/f
ileadmin/docs/publications/books
/Capacity_Building_in_Asset_Reco
very.pdf
8. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-
01-23/news/mn-28079_1_war-
01-23/news/mn-28079_1_war-
record
9. http://news.google.com/newspap
ers?
id=AahjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hiUMAAA
AIBAJ&pg=1123,5588197
10. http://www.philstar.com/opinion/6
80306/marcos-medals-only-2-33-
given-battle
11. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2
004/07/03/1088488200806.html
12. http://www.news.com.au/entertain
ment/celebrity/ferdinand-marcos-
girl-is-shown-the-door/story-
e6frfmqr-1226030520002
e6frfmqr-1226030520002
13. The Sun-Herald - Philandering
dictator added Hollywood star to
conquests
14. http://books.google.com/books?
id=B8HLO4wwswwC&pg=PA246
15. http://books.google.com/books?
id=Dfl53AtDM0oC&pg=PA135
16. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/
uknews/1317785/Imelda-called-in-
family-assassin-to-deal-with-love-
rival.html
17. Ayon kay Sterling Seagrave sa
pagsasahimpapawid ng mga tape.
“ Student protesters at the
University of the Philippines
commandeered the campus
radio station and broadcast
a looped tape; soon the
entire nation was listening in
astonishment to President
Marcos begging Dovie
Beams to perform oral sex.
For over a week the
President’s hoarse
injunctions boomed out over
university loudspeakers. ”
Seagrave, The Marcos Dynasty,
1988: 225
18. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Ime
lda's+'plot+to+kill+husband's+mist
ress'+IMELDA+MARCOS+-
+Consumed...-a068590407
19. http://countrystudies.us/philippine
s/27.htm
20. http://atimes.com/atimes/Southea
st_Asia/HI27Ae01.html
21. Boudreau, Vincent (2004).
Resisting dictatorship: repression
and protest in Southeast Asia .
Cambridge University Press. p. 7.
ISBN 978-0-521-83989-1.
22. Hedman, Eva-Lotta E. (2006). In
the name of civil society: from free
election movements to people
election movements to people
power in the Philippines .
University of Hawaii Press. p. 70.
ISBN 978-0-8248-2921-6.
23. McCoy, Alfred W. (2009). Policing
America's empire: the United
States, the Philippines, and the rise
of the surveillance state .
University of Wisconsin Press.
p. 52. ISBN 978-0-299-23414-0.
24. Maling banggit (Hindi tamang
<ref> tag; walang binigay na
teksto para sa refs na may
pangalang marcos11 ); $2
25. The United States Constitution: Its
Birth, Growth, and Influence in
Asia, Joseph Barton Starr
26. http://www.ipu.org/parline-
e/reports/arc/PHILIPPINES_1978_
E.PDF
27. http://articles.philly.com/1986-03-
05/news/26083701_1_imelda-
marcos-land-reform-philippine-
troops
28. http://articles.philly.com/1986-01-
28/news/26055009_1_philippines-
president-ferdinand-e-marcos-
sugar-industry
29. Ayon kay Imelda Marcos:"We
practically own everything in the
practically own everything in the
Philippines, from electricity,
telecommunications, airlines,
banking, beer and tobacco,
newspaper publishing, television
stations, shipping, oil and mining,
hotels and beach resorts, down to
coconut milling, small farms, real
estate and insurance, Financial
Times, 1998"
30. http://www.zum.de/whkmla/sp/07
08/chikyu/chikyu2.html
31. http://books.google.com/books?
id=BzOKgoNfw1AC&pg=PA87
32. http://www.agribusinessweek.com
/free-market-policy-root-cause-of-
/free-market-policy-root-cause-of-
mass-poverty-in-agriculture/
33. http://www.gmanetwork.com/new
s/story/274389/lifestyle/healthand
wellness/masagana-99-nutribun-
and-imelda-s-edifice-complex-of-
hospitals
34. http://www.nytimes.com/1985/11
/02/world/a-doctor-for-marcos-is-
stabbed-to-death.html
35. Wurfel, David (1988). Filipino
Politics: Development and Decay .
Cornell University Press. p. 289.
ISBN 978-0-8014-9926-5.
36. http://www.latimes.com/news/wo
36. http://www.latimes.com/news/wo
rld/worldnow/la-fg-wn-philippines-
marcos-compensation-victims-
20130225,0,2781922.story
37. http://news.google.com/newspap
ers?id=b1lWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=L-
8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5955,7676485
38. http://news.google.com/newspap
ers?
id=epNTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GocDAAA
AIBAJ&pg=6411,6080906
39. McNeill, David (25 Pebrero 2006).
"The weird world of Imelda
Marcos" . The Independent.
London. Hinango noong 30
Disyembre 2006.
Disyembre 2006.
40. http://www.theage.com.au/news/
world/imelda-loses-jewels-in-the-
marcos-
crown/2005/09/16/112675012966
7.html
41. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/02
/28/world/manila-after-marcos-
managing-a-frail-economy-marco-
s-mansion-suggests-luxury.html
42. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11
/21/nyregion/imelda-marcoss-ex-
aide-charged-with-
conspiracy.html?_r=0
43. http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/
a-dynasty-on-steroids-20121119-
29kwy.html#ixzz2MfsfBalA
44. Blitz, Amy (2000). The contested
state: American foreign policy and
regime change in the Philippines .
Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 167–168.
ISBN 978-0-8476-9934-6.
45. http://articles.philly.com/1986-02-
27/news/26089779_1_marcos-
holdings-imelda-marcos-marcos-
foes
46. http://news.google.com/newspap
ers?
id=fjlSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TzYNAAAAI
BAJ&pg=7071,4966436
BAJ&pg=7071,4966436
47. http://www.gmanetwork.com/new
s/story/328786/news/nation/sc-
gives-green-light-for-sandigan-to-
try-alleged-marcos-crony
48. Javate-De Dios, Aurora; et al., eds.
(1988), Dictatorship and
Revolution: Roots of People's
Power, Conspectus Foundation
Incorporated, p. 132,
ISBN [[Special:BookSources/99191
08018|9919108018[[Kategorya:Mg
a artikulong mayroong hindi
katanggap-tanggap na mga ISBN]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong
mayroong hindi katanggap-
mayroong hindi katanggap-
tanggap na mga ISBN]]]] Check
|isbn=value: invalid character
(tulong) Explicit use of et al. in:
|editor-first=(tulong).
49. Schock, Kurt (2005), "People Power
Unleashed: South Africa and the
Philippines", Unarmed
Insurrections: People Power
Movements in Nondemocracies,
University of Minnesota Press,
p. 56, ISBN 0-8166-4192-7
50. "Lakas Ng Bayan: The People's
Power/EDSA Revolution 1986" .
University of Alberta, Canada.
Hinango noong 2007-12-10.
Hinango noong 2007-12-10.
51. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/09
/29/world/16-sentenced-to-life-for-
killing-aquino.html
52. http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03
/19/magazine/reagan-and-the-
philippines-setting-marcos-
adrift.html?
pagewanted=all&src=pm
53. Pollard, Vincent Kelly (2004).
Globalization, democratization and
Asian leadership: power sharing,
foreign policy and society in the
Philippines and Japan . Ashgate
Publishing. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-
7546-1539-2.
54. Parnell, Philip C. (2003).
"Criminalizing Colonialism:
Democracy Meets Law in Manila".
Sa Parnell, Philip C. & Kane,
Stephanie C. (eds.). Crime's power:
anthropologists and the
ethnography of crime . Palgrave-
Macmillan. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-
4039-6179-2.
55. Peter Ackerman; Jack DuVall
(2001), [[A Force More Powerful|A
force more powerful]]: a century of
nonviolent conflict , Macmillan,
p. 384 , ISBN 978-0-312-24050-9
URL–wikilink conflict (tulong);
^ Isabelo T. Crisostomo (1987),
Cory--profile of a president ,
Branden Books, p. 193 , ISBN 978-
0-8283-1913-3 (showing a
reproduction of NAMFREL's
announcement of the results).
56. "PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT, FEB.
11, 1986" . US Department of State
Bulletin, April, 1986. 1986. Hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
57. Schock, Kurt (2005), Unarmed
Insurrections: People Power
Movements in Nondemocracies , U
of Minnesota Press, p. 77,
of Minnesota Press, p. 77,
ISBN 978-0-8166-4193-2, hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
58. West, Lois A. (1997), Militant Labor
in the Philippines , Temple
University Press, pp. 19–20,
ISBN 1-56639-491-0, hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
59. An Account of February
Revolution
60. Day One (EDSA: The Original
People Power Revolution)
61. Paul Sagmayao, Mercado;
Francisco S. Tatad (1986), People
Power: The Philippine Revolution
of 1986: An Eyewitness History,
of 1986: An Eyewitness History,
Manila, Philippines: The James B.
Reuter, S.J., Foundation,
ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0-
9639420-7-8|0-9639420-7-
8[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong
mayroong hindi katanggap-
tanggap na mga ISBN]]]] Check
|isbn=value: invalid character
(tulong)
62. McCargo, Duncan (2003), Media
and Politics in Pacific Asia ,
Routledge, p. 20, ISBN 0-415-
23375-5, hinango noong 2007-12-
03.
63. Impossible Dream, Sandra Burton
64. Taylor, Robert H. (2002), The Idea
of Freedom in Asia and Africa ,
Stanford University Press, p. 210,
ISBN 0-8047-4514-5, hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
65. Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1987),
Cory, Profile of a President: The
Historic Rise to Power of
Corazon. , Branden Books, p. 217,
ISBN 0-8283-1913-8, hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
66. Lizano, Lolita (1988), Flower in a
Gun Barrel: The Untold Story of the
Edsa Revolution , L.R. Lizano,
Edsa Revolution , L.R. Lizano,
hinango noong 2007-12-02.
67. Merkl, Peter H. (2005), The Rift
Between America And Old Europe:
the distracted eagle , Routledge,
p. 144, ISBN 0-415-35985-6,
hinango noong 2007-12-02.
68. Crisostomo, Isabelo T. (1987-04-
01), Cory, Profile of a President:
The Historic Rise to Power of
Corazon. , Branden Books
(inilathala noong 1987), p. 226,
ISBN 978-0-8283-1913-3, hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
69. Maramba, Asuncion David (1987),
On the Scene: The Philippine Press
On the Scene: The Philippine Press
Coverage of the 1986 Revolution ,
Solar publishing Corp., p. 27,
ISBN 978-971-17-0628-9, hinango
noong 2007-12-03.
70. Ellison, Katherine (2005), Imelda:
Steel Butterfly of the Philippines ,
iUniverse, p. 244, ISBN 0-595-
34922-6, hinango noong 2007-12-
03.
71. http://www.time.com/time/magazi
ne/article/0,9171,963620,00.html#
ixzz2Mfz3GD1m
72. http://www.nytimes.com/learning/
general/onthisday/bday/0911.htm
l
73. http://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/
a-dynasty-on-steroids-20121119-
29kwy.html
74. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles
/1999/07/phil-j20.html
75. http://news.google.com/newspap
ers?
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AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gSUMAAAAIBAJ&
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76. http://www.icij.org/offshore/ferdin
and-marcos-daughter-tied-
offshore-trust-caribbean
77. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/35677
77. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/35677
45.stm
78. https://akbayan.org.ph/news/12-
press-releases/224-marcos-
jrurged-to-apologize-for-fathers-
atrocities
79. http://lubbockonline.com/stories/
022306/wor_022306068.shtml
80. http://seldapilipinas.wordpress.co
m/tag/ferdinand-bongbong-r-
marcos-jr/
81. http://news.google.com/newspap
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AAIBAJ&pg=6933,5199449
82. http://news.google.com/newspap
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AIBAJ&pg=3466,6341220
83. http://www.gmanetwork.com/new
s/story/213657/news/nation/bong
bong-marcos-would-have-turned-
phl-into-another-singapore
84. http://opinion.inquirer.net/12827/l
ee-kuan-yew-on-philippines
85. “The difference lies in the culture
of the Filipino people. It is a soft,
forgiving culture. Only in the
Philippines could a leader like
Ferdinand Marcos, who pillaged
Ferdinand Marcos, who pillaged
his country for over twenty years,
still be considered for a national
burial. Insignificant amounts of the
loot have been recovered, yet his
wife and children were allowed to
return and engage in politics. They
supported the winning presidential
and congressional candidates with
their considerable resources and
reappeared in the political and
social limelight after the 1998
election that returned President
Joseph Estrada.”
86. http://books.google.com/books?
id=z1cpiEJMAi8C&pg=PA295
id=z1cpiEJMAi8C&pg=PA295
87. An Anarchy of Families: State and
Family in the Philippines, edited by
Alfred W. McCoy
88. http://www.insead.edu/facultyrese
arch/faculty/documents/5771.pdf
89. http://www.state.gov/outofdate/b
gn/philippines/195236.htm
90. http://articles.latimes.com/1985-
07-02/business/fi-
724_1_economic-recovery
91. http://intl.econ.cuhk.edu.hk/excha
nge_rate_regime/index.php?cid=1
92. An Anarchy of Families: State and
Family in the Philippines, edited by
Family in the Philippines, edited by
Alfred W. McCoy
93. http://countrystudies.us/philippine
s/57.htm
94. Boyce, James K. (2002). The
political economy of the
environment . Edward Elgar
Publishing. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-1-
84376-108-2.
95. Nadeau, Kathleen M. (2002).
Liberation theology in the
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Greenwood Publishing Group.
p. 21. ISBN 978-0-275-97198-4.
96. http://books.google.com/books?
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97. http://business.inquirer.net/money
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ollect_Masagana_99_loans
98. http://books.google.com/books?
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99. http://migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/
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100. Morada, Noel M. & Collier,
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101. http://www.converge.org.nz/watch
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102. "Jovito R. Salonga, Some
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103. Kang, David C. (2002). Crony
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104. Sidel, John Thayel (1999). Capital,
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108. Brysk, Alison (2005). Human rights
108. Brysk, Alison (2005). Human rights
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109. Hrvoje Hranjski (12 Setyembre
2006). "No hero's resting place as
Imelda Marcos finds site for
husband's grave" . The Scotsman.
UK. Hinango noong 19 Nobyembre
2007.
110. http://www.melonwater.com/mali
a/trajano.htm
111. http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/r
esearch/Philippines/Trajano%20v
%20Marcos,%20%20978%20F%202
%20Marcos,%20%20978%20F%202
d%20493.pdf
112. "Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy:
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regime" . Hartford-hwp.com.
Hinango noong 20 Oktubre 2008.
113. Alexander Martin Remollino (17
Setyembre 2006). "Marcos Kin,
Allies Still within Corridors of
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114. http://www.theguardian.com/worl
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115. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/refe
115. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/refe
rence/timestopics/people/m/imel
da_r_marcos/index.html
116. "Philippine court orders Imelda
Marcos to return $280,000 seized
from food agency" , Washington
Post
117. Larmour, Peter & Wolanin, Nick,
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3660-3.
118. https://archive.is/2013042313515
1/www.dfa.gov.ph/index.php/com
ponent/content/article/194-27th-
anniv-of-the-edsa-people-power-
anniv-of-the-edsa-people-power-
revolution/7527-philippine-swiss-
cooperation-in-illicit-assets-
recovery-highlights-
commemoration-of-edsa-
revolution-in-switzerland
119. http://www.taipeitimes.com/News
/world/archives/2013/02/26/2003
555766
120. http://articles.latimes.com/1986-
10-02/news/mn-3934_1_imelda-
marcos
121. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01
/14/nyregion/aide-to-imelda-
marcos-is-sentenced-in-sale-of-
masterpieces.html
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122. http://star.worldbank.org/corruptio
n-cases/node/20307
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/21/international/asia/21marcos.h
tml?_r=0
127. http://cpcabrisbane.org/Kasama/1
999/V13n2/Imelda1.htm
Kinatawan,
Inunahan Sinundan
Ikalawang
ni: ni:
distrito ng
Pedro A. Simeon M.
Ilocos Norte
Albano Valdez
1949–1959
Inunahan
ni: Punong
Ibinalik Ministro ng Sinundan
Posisyon Pilipinas ni:
ay huling 12 Hunyo Cesar
hinawakan 1978 – 30 Virata
ni Pedro Hunyo 1981
Paterno
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title=Ferdinand_Marcos&oldid=1723520"