I

Dfl.T'f,.9T'[ON OF' tPG ( tJQUf,F'TE.D Pf,,TBOt,fl,UJIM @AS )

tE-&'K-Affi f, Ug,tN@ ARDUJINIO

A Project Work submitted in Partial Fulfillment

Of the requirements for the diploma

in
ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

By

Nihal Gogoi(ClT I l s IET 1007 )

&
Jyotika Borgohain (CIT/I 5iETl008)
&
Deepshikha Gogoi (CIT/I 5/ET/0 I 5)

Under the supervision of

Mr.Haradhan Chel
(Assistant Professor)

f{nlf }r }ru4.UrF O! te-.r{*r4t

,Jl*r*f*. ta'*ra'4

DEPARTMENT OF ETECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KOKRAJHAR

(A Centrally Funded Institute under Ministry of HRD, Govt. of lndia)
BODOLAND TERRITORIAL AREAS DISTRICTS: KOKRAJHAR: ASSAM::783370
May 2018
Orrll r*rrof
l(.lrrru:: ta---
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KOKRAJHAR
"&ra'ifie1 fsfit.ffiI J{s{{r{tt" rrirrtJr$Iru

(An Autonomous lnstitute under MHRD)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMTJNICATION
E3TD. ENGINEBRING
rrni rr
mft a Kokrajhar '783370, BTAD, Assam, India

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

Detection of LPG (Liquefied

This is to certify that the work embodied in this project entitled
petroleum Gas) Leakage using Arduino submitted by Nihal Gogoi, Jyotika Borgohain &'
Engineering, is carried out
Deepshikha Gogoi, to the Deparnnent of Electronics & communication
under our supervision and guidance.

The project work has been prepared as per the regulation of

cenffal Institute of
of the
Technology and I sfiongly recoilrmend that this project work be accepted in partiat fulfillrnent
requirements for the DiPloma-

(Mr. Haradhan Chel)

Assistant Professor, DePt of ECE

d Pl,p

HoD $oD
".ffi*11;$,*
hrdmrof
l(clf*rt::K CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KOKRAJHAR
h.'diel ffif&tfiI rrEenu*" rrfflrJI$IIJ
(An Autonomous lnstitute under MHR\
DEPART MBNT OF ELECTRONIC S AND TELECOMMUNICATION
EIE D.:50O1 ENGINEERING
nrri a lt|' |'|rrt
cq{t q oqlffin -
Kokrajhar 783370, BTAD, Assarn, India

Certificate bv the Board of Examiners

This is to certify that the project wsrk entitled "Detection of LPG (Liquefied
Petroleum Gas) Leakage using Arduino" submitted by Nihal Gogoi, Jyotika Borgohain &
Deepshikha Gogoi to the Deparunent of Electronics & Communication Engineering of Central
Institute of Technolory, Kokrajhar has been examine and evaluated.
The project work has been prepared as per the regrrlations of Central tnstitute of
Technology and qualifies to be accepted in a partial flrlfillment of the requirements for the Dploma.

Board of Examiners
C,|llrhdrrrrOt
XchrrF..:: ao-lfi,
CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KOKRAJHAR
il;ocilu ntrnf;inhi lt-+rrrct" iTthtt'llsltr
(An Autonomous lnstitute under MHRD)
DEPARTMENT OF BLECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION
ErE?O.: aoqt ENGINEERING
rgit cr kr qrFt
rFn{t cr dllrfttq Kokrajhar - 783370, BTAD, Assam, India

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in this projest entitled Detection of LPG
(Liquefied petroleum Gas) Leakage Using Arduino submitted by Nihal Gogoi, Jyotika Borgohain
& Deepshikha Gogoi, to the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering to the
Department in partial fulfillment for the Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering. The project work has been prepared as per the regulations of Central Institute of
Technology, Kokrajhar and qualifies to be accepted as Major Project of Diploma final year in
Elecfionics and Telecommunication.

MtLilt{
Project Co-brdinator

(Mr.Rajib Chetia)
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies that the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose
constant guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success.

We bestow our hearted appreciation and gratefulness to the efforts made by our project guide:
Haradhan Chel (Assistant Professor, ECE) in terms of deciding project ideas, instruction, suggestions.

We do gratefully acknowledge and express our gratitude to all staff members of "Electronics and
Communication engineering" and friends who supported us in preparing this project.

Date:

Nltrq\ hqali
Nihal Gogoi
Roll No: ClTllstETlO07
Registration No: 8l 16 of 2015

ika Borgohain
Roll No: CIT/15/ET/008
Registration No: 8ll7 of 2015

Roll No: CIT/15/ET/015

Registration No: 8124 of 2015
 -rl

ABSTRACT

This proiect provides a new approach to detect LPG leakage based on microcontroller based
Arduino. To alert on Liquefied Petroleum Gos (LPG) Ieaknge and preventing any unwonted incident,
we should apply some safety meosure to detect the leakage. We hqve developed an Arduino based
LPG gas delector alarm. If gas leaknge occurs, this system detects it. The LPG sensor MQ6 is an
accurate LPG sensing device which acquires the signol intensity. An fficient Arduino based signal
processing mechonism is followed which ffictively quantizes the ocquired electrical signal. The
intensity of the LPG leoknge is classified in three classes depending on the quantized yalues acquired
from lhe LPG sensor. The three classes are LOI4/, MEDIUM and HIGH. When Arduino gets a HIGH
pulse -fro* LPG cylinder or pipeline, it shows "HIGH" message on I6x2 Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) and acti'ttotes a buzzer which beeps ogain and agoin with highfrequency until the gos detector
module doesn't sense lhe "It{o-leaknge" or "Low-leakogr" stote. For a medium ronge leakoge, it
shows 'MEDI(JM" in the display and beeps on a lower frequency. When LPG leaknge is not
dangerous, a "LOW" message is displayed. This project also displays the relative humidity and
temperature over the LCD display The imporlonce and relevonce of the project is highty beneficiary
for mankind as because it is an essential safety measure for our domestic life.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION......... ..,...... ........01

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM...... .......o2

3. COMPONENTS REQUIRED......... ........o2

4. DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS............ .....03'14

4.1- Arduino Uno... ........03

4.2 MQ6 Gas Sensor............ ........05
4.3 DHT11 Temperature Sensor.... .............06
4.4 L6*2 LCD Disp1ay........... ......---O7

4.5 DOT PCB......... .........10

4.6 Bread Board (Testing purpose) .............10
4.7 Connecting wires and jumper wire... ...............----I2
4.8 8u22er.............. ........1'4

5. CIR4UITDIAGRAM ........15

6. WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT .......16

7. RESULT......... .......L7

8. PROGRAMMING GUIDE ..,.......18

9. APPLICATION ..........20

10. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ............2I

11. CONCTUSION ....22

12. FUTURE WORK......... .!..........,, ...........23

13. REFERENCES...,..rr. ............23

14. APPENDIX..... .......24

 I

1. INTRODUCTION

the abbreviation or short form for liquefied petroleum gas. Like all fossil fuels, it is a
LPG is
non-renewable source of energy. lt is extracted from crude oil and natural gas. The main compositions
of LPG are hydrocarbons containing three or four carbon atoms. The normal components of LPG thus,
are propane (ClHa) and butane (CaHro). Small concentrations of other hydrocarbons may also be
present. Depending on the source of the LPG and how it has been produced, components other than
hydrocarbons may also be present. LPG is highly inflammable and must therefore be stored away from
sources of ignition and in a well-ventilated area, so that any leakage can disperse safely. LPG vapors is
heavier than air so care should be taken during storage so that any leakage will not sink to the ground
and get accumulated in an area which is low lying and difficult to disperse. LPG gas is basically propane
and butane and it is odorless in its natural state. The smell that we notice when there is a leakage is
actually of an entirely different agent, called Ethyl Mercaptan. This substance is added to the gas when
it leaves the main storage terminals.

The objective of this project is to detect leakage of LPG in home, hotels, schools and other
domestic areas. lt will detect the leakage and will give sound signals to alert the people around. Gas
sensors are nowadays being used in wide range of applications in the field like safety, health,
instrumentation etc. This project is an implementation of the same using MQ-5 gas sensor and DHT11
temperature sensor. The MQ5 sensor is commonly used for detecting gas leakage for various
apptications and the DHT1L is used for measuring the humidity and temperature of surrounding area.
The device also keeps displaying the leakage amount and humidity & temperature on an LCD display.
The MQ6 gas sensor detects the concentration of gas in ppm and outputs analog value which can be
converted to a digital signal using inbuilt Anolog to Digitol Convertor of Arduino. The project allows the
user to set the low, medium and dangerous level for leakage based on the same digital measure. The
intensity values are compared with two predetermined thresholds and based on that, it classifies it
into three different classes of concentration of leakage.
 2 . BLOCK DIAGRAM

LCD DISPLIY
TEMPERATURE
AND HUMIDITY
SENSOR DHT 11

MQ6 GAS DEVELOPMENT BOARD

SENSOR

Fig:2.L

3. COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1 .Arduino Uno
2 .MQ6 Gas Sensor
3 .DHTl1 Temperature Sensor
4 .L6*2 LCD Display
5. DOT PCB
6. Bread Board (Testing purpose)
7. Connecting wires and jumper wire
8. Buzzer
9. Potentiometer
10. Battery
4.7 ARDUINO UNO
hobbyist and anyone who tinker
Arduino Uno board provides the engineers, artist, designers,
create creative, interactive object' useful
with technology with a lost-cost, easy to use technology to
projects etc. A whole new breed of projects can now be built
that can be controlled from a computer'

hardware and software'

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use
-
a finger on a button, or a Twitter message
Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor,
on an LED, publishing something online' we can
and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning
to the microcontroller on the board' To do so
tell our board what to do by sending a set of instructions
and the Arduino software (lDE) based
you use the Arduino programming ranguage (based on wiring),
on processing. The Arduino software is easy-to-use
for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced
users.

board
Figure: 4.1 Figure of an Arduino uno development
 I

PIN DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO UNO:

Pin Category Pin Name Details

Vin: Input voltage to Arduino when using an external
power source.
5V: Regulated power supply used to power
Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, GND microcontroller and other components on the board.
3.3V: 3.3V supply generated by on-board voltage
regulator. Maximum current draw is 50mA.
GND: ground pins.

Reset Reset Resets the microcontroller.

Analog Pins AO-A5 Used to provide analog input in the range of 0-5V
Input/ Output
Digital Pins0-13 Can be used as input or output pins.
Pins

Serial 0(Rx), L(Tx) Used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.
External
2,3 To trigger an interrupt.
Interrupts
PWM 3,5,6,9, Lr Provides 8-bit PWM output.

10 (ss), 11 (MOS|),
SPI 12 (MlSo) and 13 Used for SPI communication.
(scK)

Inbuilt LED 13 To turn on the inbuilt LED.

TWI 44 (SDA), As (SCA) Used for TWI communication.

AREF AREF To provide reference voltage for input voltage.

Arduino Uno Technical Specifications:

Microcontroller ATmesa328P - 8 bit AVR family microcontroller
Operating Voltage 5V

Recommended Input
7-r2V
Voltage

Input Voltage Limits 6-20V

Analog Input Pins 5 (A0 - As)

Digital l/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output)

DC Current on l/O Pins 40 Ma

 DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50 Ma
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Boot loader)
SRAM 2KB
EEPROM 1KB
Frequency (Clock Speed) 1.6 Hz

4.2 MQ6 GASSENSOR

The sensor is capable of detecting different types of flammable gases on

calibrated sensitivity.
This sensor can be calibrated using the potentiometer fitted in the breakout
board of Me6 gas sensor
'The sensor gives an analog output. This is a simple-to-use LpG sensor, suitable for sensing
LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentrations
in the air. The Me-6 can detect gas
concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm. The sensor's output is an
analog resistance.
lnterfacing with the sensor module is done through a 4-pin breadboard compatible
Slp header and
requires one l/o pin from the host microcontrotler. The onboard microcontroller provide
initial heating
interval after power-up and then starts to measure LPG sensor output. lf it
found the LpG
concentration above preset value, it will inform the Host controller by pulling the
output pin to High
and Starts to blink onboard LED. The sensor module is mainly intended to provide
a means of
comparing LPG sources and being able to set an alarm limit when the source becomes
excessive.
It consists of four pins. pin details of LpG Gas sensor Modute:

Pin Name Details

Positive power supply, 5v Regulated power
Power GND

Analog output voltage

Output voltage

SPECIFICATION

o Supply voltage =5V

a Heating voltage = 5V
a Heater resistance = 33ohm
o Heating consumption is less than 750 MW
a Good sensitivity to Combustible gas in wide range
a High sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LpG
a Long life and low cost
o Simple drive circuit
o Sensor Type : Semiconductor
 Detection Gas : lsobutene, Butane, LPG
Concentration : 200-10000ppm ( Butane, Propane, LPG

Figure: 4.2 MQ6 Gas Sensor

4.3 DHT77 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. lt uses a
capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital
signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). lt's fairly simple to use, but requires careful
timing to grab data. lt working is it consist of a humidity sensing component, a NTC temperature
sensor (or thermistor) and an lC on the back side of the sensor. ... On the other hand, for measuring
temperature these sensors use a NTC temperature sensor or thermistor. The use of the humidity
sensor (or hygrometer) senses measures and reports the relative humidity in the air. lt therefore
measures both moisture and air temperature. Retative humidity is the ratio of actual moisture in the
air to the highest amount of moisture that can be held at that air temperature. A temperature sensor is
a device, typically, a thermocouple or RTD that provides for temperature measurement through an
electrical signal. A thermocouple (T/C) is made from two dissimilar metals that generate electrical
voltage in direct proportion to changes in temperature. This sensor consists of four pins and one pin is
NC (no connection and hence not used).Description of the pins are as follows:

For Sensor

L Vcc Power suPPlY 3.5V to 5.5V

2 Data Outputs both Temperature and Humidity through serial Data

3 NC No Connection and hence not used

4 Ground Connected to the ground of the circuit

SPECIFICATION

. Operating range: humidity (20-95%RH), temperature (0-600C).

o Power supply: 1.5V AC (Max sine).
r Operating frequency: 500H2-2 kHz.
o Rated power: 0.2mW (Max sine).
o Tem perature Accu racy: !2Yo " C.
o Temperature Range: 0-50 "C.
o Humidity Accuracy: t5% RH.
a Operating Voltage: 3V to 5.5V.

Figure:4.3 Sensor DHT11 for measuring temperature & humidity

4.4 76x2 LCD DISPUry

LCD modules are vey commonly used in most embedded projects, the reason being its cheap
price, availability and programmer friendly. Most of us would have come across these displays in our
day to day life, either at pCO's or calculators. The appearance and the pin outs have already
been
from
visualized above now let us get a bit technical. A liquid crystal display or LCD draws its definition
its name itself. lt is combination of two states of matter, the solid and the liquid. LCD uses a
liquid
screen that
crystal to produce a visible image. Liquid crystal displays are super-thin technology display
games. LCD's
are generally used in laptop computer screen, TVs, cell phones and portable video
(cRT) technology'
technologies allow displays to be much thinner when compared to cathode ray tube

L6x2 LCD consistsof 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of combinations available like, $xt,8x2,
L1xz,16x1 in market . t6x2 LCD is the most popular among them. lt can accumulate maximum
(16x2=32J. 32

characters in total and each character will be made of 5x8 Pixel Dots.
 I

2D model of L6xZ tCD module

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'-1

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Figure: 4.4 LGxZ LCD Display

PIN CONFIGURATION:

Pin No: Pin Name: Description

t Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground

2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V - 5.3V)

Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get maximum

3 VE (Contrast V)
contrast.

4 Register Select
Connected to Microcontrolter to shit between command/data
8
 register

5 Read/Write used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write data to LCD

connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between 1 and 0 for

6 Enable
data acknowledgement

7 Data Pin 0

8 Data Pin 1

9 Data Pin 2

10 Data Pin 3
Data pins 0 to 7 forms an 8-bit data line. They can be connected to
Data Pin 4
Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.
11
pin
These LCD's can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case Dpta
L2 Data Pin 5 4,5,6 and 7 will be left free.

13 Data Pin 5

L4 Data Pin 7

15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal

15 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

Features of t6x? tCD module

. Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V
. Current consumption is lmA without backlight
. Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
. Consists of two rows and each row can print 15 characters'
. Each character is build by a 5x8 pixel box
. Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
. lt can also display any custom generated characters
. Available in Green and Blue Backlight
 4,5 DOT PCB

DOT pCB is also named as perf board. lt is a thin, rigid sheet with holes pre-drilled at standard
intervals across a grid, usually a square grid of 2.54 mm (0.1 in) spacing. These holes are ringed by
per board may have
round or square copper pads, though bare boards are also available. Inexpensive
pads on only one side of the board, while better quality per board can have pads on both sides (plate-
through holes). Since each pad is electrically isolated, all connections are made with either
wire
wrap or miniature point to point wiring techniques. Discrete components are soldered to the
prototype board such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits. The substrate is typically made of
(FR-4)'
paper faminated with phenolic resin (such as FR-2) or a fiberglass-reinforced epoxy laminate

Figure:4.5 PCB board

4.6 BRHD BOARD (Ior testing purpose)

A bread board is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally it was

literally a
bread board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread. In the 1970s the
solder less

Breadboard (plug board, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays
the term
,,breadboard,, is commonly used to refer to these. Because the solder less breadboard does not
prototypes and
require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary
are also popular with
experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solder less breadboards
students and in technological education. Otder breadboard types did not have
this property. A strip
which are used to build semi-
board (Vero board) and similar prototyping printed circuit boards,
permanent soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot easily be reused'
Although most
Breadboards will not be a good tool when designing circuits with high voltage.
pCB applications deal in low-voltage applications, if we find our self in the area of 50V, pay attention
and consider the fact that the board connections are not suited for this voltage
application. Similarly,
into 20mA's
the boards will have difficulty in keeping up with high current applications. When heading
are using this bread board
or greater, we will likely find our design not performing as well. So, here we
for our temPorary testing Purpose.

10
 Fig: a.6(1)

In the above picture a sample of temperature and humidity are shown.

H (Humidity): 62.00 %
T (TemPerature): 23.00 C

lf there is no leakage of LPG, the circuit detects and it displays the ADC value or the numerical
value which is less than 100 on the display.
l.e. LOW 79

Fie: a.6(2)

Here in the above picture we can see in the LCD that

H (Humidity): 62.00 %
T (Temperature): 23.00 C

lf anyleakage is detected that is not high or in initial stage, the medium leakage is detected
then the LCD display will show the ADC value or the numerical value which is greater than 100 or less
than 300.
ln figure: 4.6(21, the intensity of a concentration level of 1L1 is shown as MEDIUM category.

11
 Fig:a.6(3)

Here in the above picture we can see in the LCD that

H (Humidity): 61.00
T (Temperature): 23.00 C

value
lf the leakage is in the danger state, then the LCD display will show the ADC or numerical
which is greater than 300.
l.e. HIGH 482

Numerical value of the LCD display (x) State

0 (x<100 LOW

100<xS300 MEDIUM

x2300 HIGH

4.7 CONNECTING WIRES AND TUMPERWIRES

CONNECTING WIRES

A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. wires are used
to bear
mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals. wire
is commonly formed
by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw
plate. wire gauges come in
various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a gauge number. The term
wire is also used more
is more correctly termed
loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in "multistranded wire", which
a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity. Connecting wires can
be made from aluminum and
other materials almost all electrical wires are made of copper'

t2
 Figure: 4.7(Ll Connecting wires

JUMPERWIRES
A jumper wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each
end (or sometimes without them - simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the
components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or
components, without soldering .lndividual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors"
into the slots provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of test
equipment.

Figure: 4.7 (21 Jumper wires

TYPES
There are different types of jumper wires. Some have the same type of electrical connector at
both ends, while others have different connectors. Some common connectors are:

. Solid tips are used to connect on/with a breadboard or female header connector. The
arrangement of the elements and ease of insertion on a breadboard allows increasing the
mounting density of both components and jump wires without fear of short-circuits. The jump
wires vary in size and colour to distinguish the different working signals.
. Crocodile clips - are used, among other applications, to temporarily bridge sensors, buttons and
other elements of prototypes with components or equipment that have arbitrary connectors,
wires, screw terminals, etc.
a Banana connectors - are commonly used on test equipment for DC and low-frequency AC signals.
o Registered jack (Unn) - are commonly used in telephone (RJ11) and computer networking (RJa5).
o RCA connectors - are often used for audio, low-resolution composite video signals, or other low-
frequency applications requiring a shielded cable.
. RF connectors - are used to carry radio frequency signals between circuits, test equipment, and
antennas.

4.8 BUZZER (Piezo Electric)

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical,

or piezoelectric (Piezofor short).lt has two pins in it. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. Piezo buzzer is an
electronic device commonly used to produce sound. Light weight, simple construction and low price
make it usable in various applications like car/truck reversing indicator, computers, call bells etc. Piezo
buzzer is based on the inverse principle of Piezo electricity discovered in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre
Curie. lt is the phenomena of generating electricity when mechanical pressure is applied to certain
materials and the vice versa is also true. Such materials are called Piezo electric materials. Piezo
electric materials are either naturally available or manmade. Piezo ceramic is class of manmade
material, which poses Piezo electric effect and is widely used to make disc, the heart of Piezo buzzer.
When subjected to an alternating electric field they stretch or compress, in accordance with the
frequency of the signal thereby producing sound.

Buzzer Pin Confi ration

Pin Number Pin Name Description

ldentified by (+) symbol or longer terminal lead' Can be

Positive
powered by 5V DC

ldentified by short terminal lead. Typically connected to the

Negative
ground of the circuit

Figure: 4.8 Buzzer

t4
 5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAIT{

Figure5.lComp|eteCircuitdiagramofArduinobasedLPGdetector.
 I

The functioning of the circuit when the device is powered ON. First the microcontroller
initializes the LCD display and starts reading the analog voltage from the MQ-6 sensor. The MQ5 sensor
gas module has 4 pins. Two pins are used for interfacing with developrnent board and other two
pins
digital pin. The
are VCC and ground. Out of two interfacing pins one pin is analog output and other is
analog output pin of the module is used for detecting concentration level of gas leakage and interfaced
with the A0 analog input pin of the Arduino board. The analog voltage from the sensor is digitized using
the in-built ADC channel and stored in a variable as a 10-bit value. The 16X2 LCD display is used to
pins
display the value of gas concentration. lt is connected to the Arduino board by connecting its data
pins of
to pins 4to7 of the Arduino board. The RS and E pins of the LCD are connected to D2 and D3
the Arduino UNO respectively. The RW pin of the LCD is connected to the ground. The sensor value is
compared with a calibrated threshold and if the sensor value exceeds that value, the buzzer
gets
activated. The buzzer is connected to the Dg pin of the Arduino. A 10k potentiometer is also
connected to the LCD pin VD, the battery and the ground. This is used for the contrast on the
LCD

display of the written alphabets or digits.

When the leakage of the gas is within a limit or there is no leakage of LPG , the circuit detects
and it displays the ADC value or the numerical value which is less than 100. A message showing "LO\[/"
keeps on displaying on the LCD screen .The buzzer is kept off for the condition.

lf the leakage level is fatal or if the level is at initial stage i.e. there is medium leakage of LPG,
the circuit detects and it displays the ADC value, a numerical value greater than 100 and less than 300
on the display. A message showing "MEDIUM" keeps on displaying on the LCD screen. The buzzer
starts alerting by producing a low frequency sound in this condition.

lf the leakage level is higher i.e. in the danger level, the circuit detects and it displays the ADC
value or the numerical value greater than 300 on the displ?V, ? message showing "HIGH' keeps on
sound
displaying on the LCD screen. The buzzer alerts the surrounding by producing a high frequency
which is audible to all.
This is how LpG Gas Leakage Detection circuit works and it alerts when there is high leakage of LPG
which is really very dangerous for us.

On the LCD screen at that condition we can also see the humidity and temperature. For
displaying of H (humidity) and T (temperature) on the LCD display we are using a temperature sensor
known as DHT11. The DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor makes it really easy to add humidity
and temperature in our projects. lt's perfect for remote weather stations, home environmental
control
pins: Data
systems, and farm or garden monitoring systems. DHT11 Humidity Sensor consists of 4 VCC,

Out, Not Connected (NC) and GND. The range of voltage for VCC pin is 3.5V to 5.5V. A 5V supply would
pin of
do fine. The data from the Data Out pin is a serial digital data .This sensor is connected to the 8th
the Arduino.

16
 B. PROGRAMMING GU.IDE

#include "DHT.h"
#i n cludecLiquidCrYsta l.h>
Liq uidCrystal lcd(2,3,4,5,6,7 l;
#define sensorPin A0
#define BuzzerPin 9
#define DHTPIN 8
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
int Read;
void setupfl {
pinMode(sensorPin, I N PUT);
pin Mode( BuzzerPi n, OUTPUT);
lcd.begin (16,2]l;
dht.beein0;
Serial.begin (9600);
lcd.setCursor (0, 0);
lcd.print ("Hello World !");

Void loop 0 {
Delay (2000); // wait a few seconds between measurements.
Float h = dht.readHumiditY 0;
Float t = dht.readTemperature 0;
// checkif any reads failed and exit early (to try again).
lf (isnan (h) | | isnan (t)) {
Serial.println ("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
)
lcd.clear0;
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("H,");
lcd.setCursor(2,0);
lcd.print(h);
/ / lcd.setCu rsor( 13,0);
/ /lcd.print("%");
lcd.setCursor(8,0);
lcd.print("Tt");
lcd.setCursor(10,0);
lcd.print(t);
 l-F

/ / lcd.setCu rso r( 1 3, 1 );
//lcd.print("C");
d igita lWrite(BuzzerPin, LOW);
Read=a nalogRead(sensorPin );
Serial.println( Read);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd. print(" LOW" );
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(Read);
if (Read>300)
{ lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("HlGH");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(Read);
a na logWrite( BuzzerPin,255);

delay(1000);
)
else if (Read<300 && Read> 100)
t
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("M EDIUM");
lcd.setCursor(8,1);
lcd.print(Read);
a na logWrite( BuzzerPin, 100);
l

This completes the program code for Arduino Based LPG leakage Detection Project.

19
 -

9. APPLICATIONS

good safety systems are to

safety plays a rnajor role in today's world and it is necessary that
propane which is flammable mixture of
be implemented in plaies of education and work. The LPG or
hostels, industries, automobiles'
hydrocarbon gases used in use as fuel in much application like homes,
value, which produce the less
vehicles because of its desirable properties which include high calorific
smoke, produces less soot and does not cause much harm to the
environment. Natural gas is another
however there is a serious
widely used fuel in homes. Both cases burns to produce clean energy,
do not disperse easily and may
problem about their leakage in the air. The gases being heavier than air
lead to suffocation when inhaled also when gas leakage into
the air may lead to explosion' Due to the
years. so this device can be used
explosion of LpG gas the no of deaths has been increased in recent

o To avoid these problems by detecting and also preventing leakage

of LPG. Gas leak detection is
the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by means of
various sensors 'The

advantage of this automated detection and alerting system over

the manual method is that it
quick response time and accurate detection of an emergency and in turn
leading faster
offers
diffusion of the critical situation'
cost effective system to
r The gas detection an alter system that we have designed is a very
detect leakage of any gas. lt not only detects leakage of gas it also
alerts us by producing
colleges, universities,
sounds like alarm etc. lt has its applications in various fields like school,
homes and industries.
o lt is especially useful in the case when leakage takes place when
there is no one around, in this
case the Me6 gas sensor detects the leakage and the system
alerts by producing a sound' With
but the source of
this system in place not only would a timely alert been useful for evacuation
gas leakage could also have been stopped and a lot of lives would
have been saved'

20
ADVANTAGES:

* lt is used in houses as LPG leakage detection

* lt also detects alcohol so it is used as liquor tester'
a quick response of time'
* The sensor has excellence sensitivity combine with

LIMITATIONS:
* Continuous power supply will be required'
The distance from the leaking site should be very
small. Hence its low sensitivity may becomd
*
critical issue during practical application'
* Suitable for indoor use onlY'

2l
 11. CONCLUSION
losses and human
Gas leakage may leads to severe accidents which results in material
and inadequate awareness
injuries. Gas leakage occurs mainly due to poor maintenance of equipments
and to save human
of the people. Hence LpG leakage detection will be helpful to prevent accidents
This system triggers buzzer and
lives. This project presented LpG leakage detection and alert system.
is detected. This system is very
displays the severity of the leakage to alert people when LPG leakage
sirnple yet reliable.

22
 -

12. FUTURE WORK

in this system is of 5V which is not
It leaves us with the further scope of improvement. Battery used
rechargeable one, which can sustain
that much sufferable, in future improvement, we can use a bigger,
signal whenever battery runs out' In
the gas detection module for a long period of time, with warning
out the concentration of the gas
further modification, in addition to only leakage detection we can find
market, small scale industries having
too. The project has a good viability to be launched in commercial
can be made more handy
multiple cylinders stored. with further improvement in design the system
and cost effective for the users.

13. REFERENCES

Impaired Driving: Get the Facts. Page last updated: June 16,2017 '
phalak; Kowekar; & Joshi. z0l5. International Journal For Research In Emerging Science And
Technolo gy, Y o1.2, Issue 9.
using Arduino'
l- pranjali Ingale patil; priyanka Barhate; Bhagyashri Nemade; &vijay D- chlu{hari'2017'
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technolory GRIET)'
Vol' 04 Issue: 06'

- T.venkat; NarayanaRao; &Karttik Reddy Yellu. 2017. Preventing Drunken Driving Accidents using loT'
I Vaishnavi;Umadev
Scientific & Engineering
- &vinothini. 2ll4.Intetligent LpG leakage detection . International Journal of
Research, Vol. 5, Issue 11.
r vrjay; Saritha; priyadharshini; Deepeka; &Laxmi. 20lL lnternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research. Vol. 2, Issue 12
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