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Circuit Globe / Electronic Instrumentation / Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT)

Definition: The capacitive voltage transformer step-down the high voltage

input signals and provide the low voltage signals which can easily measure
through the measuring instrument. The Capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) is
also called capacitive potential transformer
The capacitive potential divider, inductive element and the auxiliary transformer
are the three main parts of the capacitive potential transformer.

What is the need of CVT?

For measuring high voltage (above 100kV) the high insulated transformer is
required. The highly insulated transformer is quite expensive as
compared to the normal transformer. For reducing the cost, the capacitive
potential transformer is used in the system. The CVT is cheap, and their
performance is not much inferior to the highly insulated transformer.

Capacitive Voltage Transformer Working

The capacitive potential divider is used in combination with the auxiliary

transformer and the inductive element. The capacitive potential divider step-
down the extra high voltage signals into a low voltage signal. The output
voltage of the capacitive potential transformer is further step-down by the help
of the auxiliary transformer.

Consider the circuit diagram of the capacitive potential transformer.

The capacitor or potential divider is placed across the line whose voltage is used
to be measured or controlled. Let the C1 and C2 be the capacitor placed across
the transmission lines. The output of the potential divider acts as an input to the
auxiliary transformer.

The capacitor places near to the ground have high capacitances as

compared to that placed near the transmission line. The high value of
capacitances means the impedance of that part of the potential divider becomes
low. Thus, low voltages pass to the auxiliary transformer. The auxiliary
transformer further step-down the voltages.

The N1 and the N2 are the numbers of turns on the primary and the secondary
winding of the transformer. The meter used for measuring the low value of
voltage is resistive, and the potential divider is capacitive. Thereby, the phase
shift occurs, and the output will be affected. To overcome this problem, the
inductance is placed in series with the auxiliary transformer.

This inductance L consists the leakage flux of the auxiliary winding of the
auxiliary transformer. The value of inductances is given as

The value of inductances is adjustable. The inductance compensates the voltage

drops occurs in the transformer because of the reduction of the current from the
potential divider. But, in actual practice, the compensation is not possible
because of the inductance losses.

The voltage turn ratio of the transformer is expressed as

As the value of C1 is greater than the C2. Thus the value C1/(C1+C2) is small.
The low value of voltage is obtained.

The voltage transformation ratio of the capacitive potential transformer is free

from the burden. The burden is the load on the secondary winding of the
transformer
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Related Terms:
1. Potential Transformer (PT)
2. Construction of Potential Transformer
3. Difference between Step-up and Step-down transformer
4. Types of Transformer
5. Capacitive Transducer

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