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Effectiveness of Guava Leaves Extract As A Preservative For Vegetables and Fruits
Effectiveness of Guava Leaves Extract As A Preservative For Vegetables and Fruits
Tigbauan, Iloilo
Stephen T. To-ong
8-Ruby
2013-2014
The researcher would like to extend his sincere thanks and appreciation to
the following people who have contributed, in one way or another, to the
conceptualization, editing the study, helping the researcher for the study, and
for the invaluable tips to improve the quality of the research study;
support to the completion of the study. Also, for the assistance and valuable
suggestions and for the invaluable tips to improve the quality of the research
study;
goals in life, for the unconditional love and prayers, for understanding, and
Most of all, to Almighty God, for giving the researcher the courage,
Stephen T. To-ong
Table of Contents
Title Page
Acknowledgment
Chapter
Introduction………………………………………………………………
Hypothesis…………………………………………….……………………
Related Literature
Related Studies
Method of Research
Methodology
Findings
Analysis of Data
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
References
List of Tables
Period of time……………………………………………………………
Odor………………………………………………………………………..
4 Operating Procedure………………………………………………………..
cooked them at home to feed their families every day. From the beginning,
reserves during times of scarcity. Vegetables and fruits were also dried or stored
Not all things in this world are eternal. In fact, almost everything has its
limitation. People will die, plants will wither and even the fruit that we need in our
daily diet will undergo the process of spoilage. The spoilage is one of the
problems the people are facing nowadays, specifically, the vegetable and fruit
vendors, and consumers who don’t have refrigerators at home and cannot
afford any commercial preservative, in turn cannot store vegetables and fruits
Thus, the researcher, being one of those consumers who cannot buy
together with 500 ml water. It was boiled within 30 minutes then the residue was
separated from the filtrate which is the final product. The latter contains essential
extract.
The product was tested in bananas for 12 days (it can be applied or used
also to any vegetables or fruits) and the result showed that the constituents of
the extract led to it being able to prolong the shelf-life of fruit- banana.
Stephen T. To-ong
This part introduces the study by stating the objectives of the study, the
Introduction
Since the beginning of time, people have looked for ways to preserve
food. Without preservation, all foods will spoil in time. Pests, chemicals, and
micro-organisms are the great agents most often responsible for food spoilage.
They can be found everywhere that vegetables and fruits are grown, harvested
and stored. However, spoilage may occur before changes in the flavor or odor
can be noticed. For those who cannot afford to buy preservatives for the food,
the researcher have studied guava as a natural preservative to solve the main
with several medicinal uses which are known and recognized worldwide, and
studies and researches are still being conducted to discover its other uses.
haemostatic properties and can be used for treating bleeding nose, gums and
cholesterol & less digestible carbohydrates, is good for those trying to lose
weight.
cancer and even heart diseases in people. Guava is also effective in lowering
removing extra mucus from the intestines. Guava is one of the richest sources of
dietary fiber and thus, strengthens and tones up the digestive system and even
disinfects the same. It is also good for those suffering from constipation. Guavas
can improve the texture of skin and help avoid skin problems. For the purpose,
you can either eat it raw or make wash your skin with a decoction of its
immature fruits and leaves, which is also known to bring relief in cough and cold.
leaves has led to it being an effective antioxidant. Thus, help the body in
arthritis.
harmful substances which may not be safe for human health. Due to this,
researcher is now searching for alternative preservatives which are cheaper and
The study was conducted to determine the effect of guava leaves extract
-effectivity -affordability
-odor -safetiness
preservatives?
Hypothesis
1) General Objective
guava leaves which is more affordable, more available and safer to use.
Tigbauan, Iloilo which has plenty of guavas and bananas, and during the peak
Basically, the study was limited to families and individuals consuming any
Definition of terms
some bacteria, and some fungi. Carotenoids can be produced from fats and
kingdom so animals obtain carotenoids in their diets, and may employ them in
in the market.
colon, that results in severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus in the feces
in powder form.
permeability of vascular capillaries) from the mid-1930s to early 50s, but the term
used in the to sustain growth, repair, and vital processes and to furnish energy.
myrtle family. It is widely cultivated for its sweet acid yellow or pink fruit.
Guava Leaves Extract- the liquid produced from the guava leaf after it
family plants. Isoflavonoids are derived from the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway
foods.
and lignans.
raw.
To the researcher, this may help him to have the ability to buy bigger mass
of any vegetables or fruits like bananas without the need to worry of its shelf-life.
To the small farmers and vendors of any vegetables or fruits like bananas,
this may be a help for them in maintaining the texture of their products until
preservatives, this may cause them not to buy retail any vegetables or fruits like
bananas or that which will be consumed for a short span of time anymore.
Instead, they can buy more any vegetables or fruits like bananas which can stay
To the entire population, this may be the answer in its search for available,
CHAPTER II
called free radicals that damage living cells, spoil food, and degrade materials
such as rubber, gasoline, and lubricating oils. These work against the molecules
that form free radicals by destroying them before they can begin the domino
to life, the antioxidants diminish excessive activity and damage to the cell.
supplements. They are routinely added to metals, oils, and other materials to
prevent free radical damage. Antioxidants are also used as industrial additives
that causes food to spoil, and fats and oil to change color or go rancid.
carrots and guavas, have the ability to neutralize harmful compounds such as
free radicals that are known to damage cells. Therefore, this compound is now
accepted as an antioxidant.
by these.
times some antiseptic agents used were heat in cooking; niter, salt, and vinegar
in corning and pickling; and wood smoke (containing creosote) in the smoking
In 1955, the Food and Drug Administration permitted for the first time the
preservative for uncooked poultry and is called Acronize. Added to the water in
which poultry is chilled after dressing, the antibiotic stops the early growth of
new scientific uses of many natural sources. Psidium Guajava Linn (Myrtaceae) is
one of such natural sources which can have many potential scientific uses.
fellow of the Linnean Society. The study showed that the guava leaves contain
components with strong antibacterial action. The leaves were extracted and
dycenteria. The tannin in the leaves was capable of these. The flavone
Staphylococcus aureus.
was proved (Ibrahim Iliya et al., 2010).In the study, the leaves were extracted
with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol which were tested in vitro for activity
Fungicidal Concentrations (MIF). The highest activity was in MIC of 1.25 mg/mL
and MBC of 2.5 mg/mL and none in fungi isolates except the Candida albicans.
The activities observed in the study were due to the presence of some
activity (Venent Nihorimbere et al., 2004). Dried ground guava leaves were
extracted by water and aqueous ethyl alcohol 50% (1:10 ratio), and total
yellow. The results obtained implied that ascorbic acid, constituent of guava
1987).
1995).
CHAPTER III
conduct of the study and the procedures in the conduct of the experiment.
Method of Research
The sole purpose of the study is to produce a natural vegetable and fruit
preservative from guava leaves that is cheaper, more available and has no side
research used for the conduct and purpose of this study was experimental
method. Any vegetables or fruits may be used as the subject of the study but in
Methodology
¼ kg guava leaves
500 mL water
Cloth
Casserole
B) Procedures
table.
2) Formulation
together with 500 mL water. It was boiled for 30 minutes. Then, using the
cloth, the residue was separated from the filtrate which is the final
product. The product was left to cool for 15 minutes and was poured into
the container.
3) General Procedure
bananas (at least 3 pieces, for some unavoidable situations). It was left in
a place where it is safe and exposed in air together with another group of
preservative. The set-up was observed daily for 12 days and the results
were recorded.
This chapter involves the discussion of results through the analysis and
interpretation of data. It also presents all the data gathered from the perception
Findings
Table 1
Groups of Bananas
Day 0
Day 6
Day
10
Day
12
Table 2
Natural 12 13 12
Commercial 8 7 8
Table 3
Extract as Preservative
Preservative
Natural 14 16 18
Commercial 6 4 2
Analysis of Data
preservative. On the first 6 days of evaluation, all the bananas have almost the
same peel color-all are still yellow with dark spots and regions. After 8 and 10
with preservative have lesser dark regions than the other one. When the
bananas were all peeled on Day 12, images show that those without any
preservative have been totally spoiled, but still, in the two other groups, bananas
terms of effectivity and eye appeal. It implies that they perceived that the
Majority of the respondents also trust the natural one when it comes to effects
on human health.
Table 4
Operating Procedure
PROCEDURE PICTURE
CHAPTER V
RECOMMENDATIONS
based on the results. Using the findings and conclusions, recommendations were
also given.
Summary of Findings
The study was conducted to test the feasibility of the guava leaves
gathered showed that the flavonoids and other phytonutrients which are found
in guava leaves and are also known as antioxidants and antibacterial, have the
Since it has been found that it is effective, guava leaves extract was
used 20 respondents who are vendors and consumers of bananas, and are
commercial preservatives. They also preferred both in terms of eye appeal. Yet,
in terms of odor and availability, guava leaves extract obtained better results.
Meanwhile, most of the respondents chose the natural one when it comes to
cost. The data also showed that the respondents perceived that guava leaves
preservatives in the local market just to preserve the vegetables and fruits that
have in the table for a longer time. What should be needed is just to look for
guava (any variety will do) leaves and have with you the natural preservative
that you’re looking for. Today, we should be more practical, save for money
either in radio or TV, because in fact, we don’t really need it much but be wise
all the time in all aspects that we need for ourselves. It’s always in the
environment, don’t need to go far just look for what you want.
Conclusions
leaves extract make it effective in lengthening the shelf-life of fruits like bananas
from the reasons which are already mentioned, it has no adverse effect on
Recommendations
home, not only for bananas, but for other vegetables and fruits.
For future researchers, further studies can be done to search for other
and antibacterial effect such as tomatoes and carrots. Further, there’s a million
of topics that can be used by the different plants in the environment. What
should need to do is to experiment, study and research. Just like this study, it was
remember, almost all discoveries by the people are all the result of accidents
Oh WK, Lee CH, Lee MS, Bae EY, Sohn CB, Oh H, Kim BY, Ahn JS.
“Antidiabetic effects of extracts from Psidium guajava”, J Ethnopharmacol. 2005
Jan 15; 96(3):411-5. PMID: 15619559. 17.