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Subramanya
Chapter· I
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
l .6 FromTable I. I (Tex1book):
(i) Atmospheric moisture = 12,900 /(458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years
1,
= 8.2 days
(ii) Global groundwater t, = I0,530.000n20 = 4787 years
(iii) Global ocean water 11 = I ,338.000.000/47,000 = 28468 years
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter-2
2.1 For thegiven data '1.,., = 22.545. 'P = 130.43 and C., = 17.286
2.3 A double mass curve plot of IPA vs !PA•· is prepared (Fig. r -2.3). The calculations
are shown in Table p-2.3. II is seen from Fig. P -2.3 that there is n change in regime
in the year 1955. The correction ratio is the ratio of 1hc L\\'O slopes = J\il.,JC\•t. =
0.9496/1.1796 = 0.805. The adjusted values of station A are shown in Col. 6 of
Table p-2.3.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
-coo
Bt•-': ill th• 11r 1955
3500
3000
y = 1.17961(. 416.9
..• w :0.9997
-
2'00
~
,
~
,
E
'500
o
•000
y = 0,94.Mll • 11.$0$
sec #:0.9998
0 "'
0 500 •000 •SOO 2300
Cumulative P,,.,_.0•
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydr'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pv1.ltd. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter· I
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McG,av1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
l .6 FromTable I. I (Tex1book):
(i) Atmospheric moisture = 12,900 /(458,000 + 119,000) = 0.022 years
1,
= 8.2 days
(ii) Global groundwater t, = I0,530.000n20 = 4787 years
(iii) Global ocean water 11 = I ,338.000.000/47,000 = 28468 years
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1·01C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter-2
2.1 For thegiven data '1.,., = 22.545. 'P = 130.43 and C., = 17.286
2.3 A double mass curve plot of IPA vs !PA•· is prepared (Fig. r -2.3). The calculations
are shown in Table p-2.3. II is seen from Fig. P -2.3 that there is n change in regime
in the year 1955. The correction ratio is the ratio of 1hc L\\'O slopes = J\il.,JC\•t. =
0.9496/1.1796 = 0.805. The adjusted values of station A are shown in Col. 6 of
Table p-2.3.
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1·01C>lly, Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
-coo
Bt•-': ill th• 11r 1955
3500
3000
y = 1.17961(. 416.9
..• w :0.9997
-
2'00
~
,
~
,
E
'500
o
•000
y = 0,94.Mll • 11.$0$
sec #:0.9998
0 "'
0 500 •000 •SOO 2300
Cumulative P,,.,_.0•
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydr'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pv1.ltd. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
14.0 12.00
.
·~ 12.0
~
g _ 10.0 . 9.00
.: e
- z;
8.o .
-
=l'O -" 6.0 .
c
·;;;
a:
4.0 . 3.SO
4.SO S.00
3.00
2.0 I 1.SO
I
o.o
30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Time (min)
~ 25.0
! 20.0 -
-a
:s. - 15.0
" e ./
" u
~- 10.0
~
5.0
/
~ ~
ae o.o
0 50 100 150 200 2SO
limo (min)
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(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
2.5
"d' IO = ~"""--
--x-- 0.1
4 1000 998 x9.S l
d'= 4000x0.I =0.0013
Jtxl0x998x9.81
d = 0.03606 m = 36.06 mm
1000
900
900
000 760.75
......,,_ - 700
...
e
="• eoo
- ..
Ir•
100
...
-
-
- 1--480_
-
040024
- - -
,
... ...
_ _,,,_
- sso S25 - - -
- - -- - - -
GOO
...
•• •oo - I- 380_
- - - - - ~ -- - - -
c
!i 300 - ~ - - - - - - - ,_ - ~ - - - -
200 - ~ - - - - - - - - - - ~ --102 - - -
100 - ~ - - - - - - ,_ - - I- - - -
0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Q,,. "Q~ "if ~ ,.. ~> '\II ~ ~o ~... ~ ~ --;. --4- ~~ ? ~ -~ ~
Yci,:,r
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
= 7.41 cm
2.8 The catchment is drawn to scale.(Fig:. P ~2.8) and using the given deu, lschyetals
of value 130, 110. 90 and 70cm11redn1wn and inter-isohyetal area determined.
p = ((9.5x 150) + (36x 140) + (25x 120) + (21x100) + (9 x SO)J = rm
135
•• J9.5+36+25+21+91
Schematic Thiessen polygons and isohyc1;1ls arc shown in Pig. P - 2.9(n) and (b)
respectively.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
... . .
f t
i .
..
. .
.
.. .. I
'I -. . ..
..; - ..
.. . . . . ' Im. . .- .
'
r :jj;!j .
..
ij.!:l:n .
. . . .
.. . . . . :Yll .
...
r• ...
.. .. lli:m. ..
-
.
'
-.
. 111
. . .. Flg. P·l.9(a)
I
fig. I' - 2.9(a) Thiessen Polygons
'fbl
n e P·2?()
• a
Thiessen
P, PA1
area (1\1}
s 10.S 54
34 9.2 313
16 8.2 131
67 6.3 422
128 10.9 1396
105 10.2 1071
50 13.2 660
48 14.0 672
4Q 11. 7 538
83 11.2 930
Sume 582 :!:=6187
rPA
P., =-'-'
A =61$7/582= 10.6cm
2.9 (b)
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Table p-2.9(b)
Inter Average.
lsohyetal precipitation P;A,·
area (A,) (P,)
8 14.0 112
57 13.5 770
85 12.5 1063
290 11.5 3335
308 10.S 3234
90 9.5 855
60 8.5 510
22 7.5 165
22 6.0 132
Sum=942 l:= 10176
2.10
Station p x y o•:(x'+l') 1ro· PW
A 102 2 I 5 0.200 20.<10
B 120 2 2 s 0.125 15.00
c 126 3 I 10 0.100 12.60
D 108 1.5 I 3.25 0.308 33.23
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
2.11 St::irting from the storm central area the area between t\VO successive isohyc1s is
muhiplicd by the average value of 111c bounding isohyers 10 get incremental
vcluruc of rainfall. The calculations arc sho\vn in Table p-2.11. The average
depth is calculated by dividing the accumulated volume by the area enclosed by
the outer isohyc1:1I. 1"hc average depth is plotted against the area in fig. P -2.11.
T a bl e D·211
• 1\ rea - 1\ vera2e dent hd ata
Total
Ntt incre· Total Average
Arca A verage
Isohyetal lncre- mental volume of depth of
enclosed rainran
{111111)
(km')
mental volume rain ralnrau
(111m)
area (1000 (1000111.J) (n1n1)
Ill~
21 543 543 21.5" 11674.5 11674.5 21.5
20 1345 802 20.5 16441.0 28115.5 20.9
19 2030 685 19.5 13357.5 41473.0 20.4
1$ 2545 515 18.5 9527.5 51000.5 20.0
17 2955 410 17.5 7175.0 SS 175.5 19.7
16 3280 32.5 16.5 5362.5 63538.0 19.4
15 3535 255 15.5 3952.5 67490.5 19.1
14 3710 175 14.5 2537.5 70028.0 18.9
13 3880 170 13.5 2295.0 72323.0 18.6
12 3915 35 12.5 437.5 72760.5 18.6
*=This value ii> assumed.
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1 .. ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
22.0
21..S
E 21.0
<,
§.
<,
"e
c
: 20.0
;;.
20.5
-. <,
.!:41 19.5
"'
!
e
19.0
"\
18.$
\
18.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Aroa (km7)
(ii) By assuming the storm centre to have an area of 25 krn", the depth at lhe
storm centre is 22.0 mm.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
2.12 Table p-2.12(n) shows the calculations for constructing the- hyercgraph of the
SIC)nn.
Table u-2.12{a)
Tln'e Accumulated Inc re.111e11tal lnte11sity
(mtm rainfall (n1111) amount or (n1n1/h)
rainfall (n1111)
0 0
10 19 19 I 14
20 41 22 132
30 48 7 42
40 68 20 120
50 91 23 138
60 124 33 198
70 152 28 168
80 100 8 48
90 166 6 36
...
Hye1091•pfl ol s101m or P1001om 2.12
"'
"'
'" ,,. "'
_114
-
"'
., ., •• .
0
. 30 .. . .Tlme(mins)
"' . .
Fig. P -2.12 (a) Hyetograph •:>f the Storm
2.12(b)\'arious durations dt = 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. SO and 90 minutes are chosen.
Foe each durations the depth of rainfall in the s1011n at this interval is calculated.
(Table p-2.12(b·i)).For each duration the maximum value is noted (shown by Bold
iype) and assembled 10 calculate the corresponding maximum intensity, ( Table ir
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
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{India) Pv1. l1d. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
,
e-
...
0
"
gE •00
.~
..• . .
c
"•"
" ''°
''°~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0
"
,. 50
DuratJon (min)
EO 70
" too
2.13 various durations d.t = 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. SO and 90 minutes are chosen,
For each durations the depth of rainfall in the storm al this interval is calculated.
(Fig. P ·2.1 J(i)).For each duration the maximum value is noted (shown by Bold
type) and assembled in Table p·2. I 3(ii) lo provide data for maximum depth -
duration curve, The maximum depth -dul'ation curve is shown in Fig. P ·2. I 3.
Table p-2.13(i)
Time
$inc;e
St:in tu.10 esee tr,1,30 tr.1~41) 61.sc 6111Ml 4t1170 llt-80 tr.1~91)
fn'linl
10
1ni1i
8 ''" tnil'I niin min min 1nin
"'" tnin
20 7 15
30 10 17 25 I
40 5 15 22 30
50 16 21 31 38 46
60 9 25 30 40 47 55 I
70 5 14 30 35 45 52 60 I
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
80
90
•3 9
7
18
12
3•
21
39
37
49
42
56
52
6'
59 67
o 10 ro ~ 40 ~ ~ ro ~ 10 100
OuroUon (nt.inf)
2.14 Calculations ae shown in Table p-2.14(a). Rainfall intensity is calculated for for
d•e storm at 10 ruin. intervals and d•e hyetograph is shown in Fig. P -2.14.
Table p·2.14.(a)
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
R;iinf;ill
R11inh1ll Dcipttl (mm} in any possible limo intllt'val of
intensity
(mmlh)al
Timo
(min)
Cumutat
'""
Rainfall
(mm)
10
min
20
min
30
min
.. ..
min min
•omin 70
min
80
min
•O
min
10 min,
limo
inte.rVlll
0 0
10 2.1 2.1 12.6
20 6.3 4.2 6.3 252
30 1-t.5 6.2 12.4 14.5 49.2
40 27 12.5 20.7 24.9 27 75.0
50 27.9 0.9 13.4 21.6 25.8 27.9 5.4
60 33 5.1 6 18.5 26.7 30.9 33 30.6
70 35.1 2.1 7.2 8.1 20.6 28.8 33 3S.1 12.6
60 36.2 1.1 3.2 8.3 9.2 21.7 29.9 34.1 36.2 6.6
90 37 0.6 1.9 • 9.1 10 22.5 30.7 34.9 37 •.6
Duration and of Maximum depth with Durmicn are shown in Fig. P -2.14(b).
>.taxi mum
Intensity 75.0 62.1 49.8 40.5 37, 1 33.0 30.1 27.2 24.7
rmm/hl
Duration
(Minl
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
>.ta:xlmum
Oeplh 12.5 20.7 24.9 27 30.9 33 35.1 36.2 37
Imml
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
80
y = ·23.&10Ln(x) + 13-0.12
~ 70 "' <, R' :0.9932
II 60 <,
~=
~ c, 50 ............_
~ ~ 40
E E
• •
E, ~
E 30
E ;;
-: .." 20
::s; 10 ~ y = 4.SS20x°'""
R~ a 0.9734
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Duration (min)
Fig. P -2.14 (b) VariatiQn ofi\rlaximum Depth wifh Duration and of!\·laximun1
Intensity '''ith Duration.
2. I 5 The data are arranged in descending order and the recurrence intervals of various
events are calculated in Table p-2.15.
Table e-z.
? l5
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
160
140
e 120
.§. 100 r"" •-=
80
60
:. 40
20
0 .
10 100
T (Years)
2.16 The data are arranged in descending order and the recurrence Intervals of venous
eventsare calculated in Table p·2.16. The cxccedancc probability J> = lfT ( in
percentlis also cnlculmed for each event.
Table o-2.J 6
Exceedance Exceedance
Rainfall T:(N-t 1 )Im p1obability in Rainfall
T probabil~y in
m m s(N•l)/m
(cm) (Years) cercent. P• (em) (Years)
percent. P•
!rnJ(N+ 1)}x100 (ml(N• I ))xi 00
5
4
I
106
102
5.25
4.20
19.05
23.81 "
15
88
64
1.50 66.67
Fig. r ·2.16 is a plot of Rainfall P in the arithmetic scale and the recurrence interval
T in logarithmic scale. From this plot (a) :11 T = 15 years. P1s= 118.0 cm and (b) :11
J:> = 100 cm. T = 3.5 years.
(c) By observation of the probabilhy pin the table. it seen that
Alp= 66.67% Rainf:11l = 88 cm
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
130
120
-
s
~
110
100
90
-••
'ii
c
a:
80
70
60
50
40
1 10 100
T (Years)
Fig. P -2.17 is n plot of the above 3-yea.r and 5-year moving me-ans. There appears to be no
specific recognizable trend. 5-)'e.tir moving mean srnoorhens the data much more than the
3-ye:ir reeving mean
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
~ 120.0
c
~ 3·Y' ~loving fl.lean
~
0 - S·yf r~1oving Mean
•c
~: --
e 100.0
·-
~~
~ tii
"• E
: a:
• 80.0
..
:t
•
:
,\ 60.0
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975
Year
(b) n= IO.r=2
.
"···· IO! 00 '098' 00 -
• = -( 8! .2! . 2) ( . ) = . 1>3
(C) po= 1-(1-0.02)'0:0.183
2.19 p=0.01
(a)
(b)
P•-">= (I -0.01)
,, = 0.01
"' = 0.605
2.20 Number of events = 4 + 2 + 5 = I I in total
venrs or record = 36 + 25 +4$ = 109
The even! is equaled to or exceeded I I times in 109 years of record.
Hence ·r=(I09+ 1)111 =IOyears.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter- 3
e..= e... R1t where R,. is relative humidity. Also 11., = ":(%>'" = I .2396 u:
Thus Er,= 0.5(1- R~)e,,(1 + ~'6> Md the calculations are shown in Table p-3.4.
1'a bl e P- 34
.
3.7
Unit Month r, F p,
P,T/100
0.5 June 49.5
2.14838.68
I Julv 49.2
4.39858.94
I Au2 48.6
4.25748.76
I Sent 48.1
3.97318.26
0.5 Oct 47.6
8.3l 1.9778
. Total 16.7541
..
Take K = 1.10. By Blaney - Criddle formula (Eq. 3.16)
E'o=2.;4x r.io « 16.7541 = 46.81 cm
Month I T ET (cm) L.
Jon 9.75 22.5 0.99 8.02
Feb 11.09 24.5 0.91 9.63
March 12.85 27.0 1.03 14.80
Anl'il 13.56 28.0 1.035 16.88
1vtav 12.85 27.0 1.09 15.66
June 11.44 25.0 I07 12.07
Julv 10.41 23.5 1.10 10.21
Aue 10.75 24.0 1.075 10.67
Seot 10.75 24.0 1.02 10.12
Oc• 11.09 24.5 1.015 10.75
Nov 10.0S 23.0 0.96 8.33
Dec 9.75 225 0.98 7.94
l,='E.i; = 134.37
o = 1.6376 • 1.39206 + 2.4079 + 0.49239 = 3.1458 (1'11is ~'(1/ue is 11se(I in Eq. .1.17
1() cnlc11lr11t: Er i11 Col. 5CJ/1he obove Tllble)
"t.tT= 134.88 cm = 1\nnual PET
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
E, = [:!~]x39 = 3n mm
Day 9: At the beginning of Doy 9. AASW= (92.7 - 3.77) = 88.93 mm
Since r\AS\\' <(I -11) ~IASW.
E,= [ SS.93]
-- x3.9=3.6tmn1
96.0
3. 10 B)' observauon of the data f.· = 1.0 cm/h. Compuiarions needed for the plot of 111 (!J1·
fcJ\IS uruc (h) arc shown in the following table:
lnlittraliOn
Time capacity lp>/0 f.n (11>·1,)
(h}
f,(cmib)
0.25 5.60 4.60 1.5261
0.50 3.20 2.20 0.7885
0.75 2.10 1.10 0.0953
1.00 1.50 0.50 -0.6931
1.25 1.20 0.20 • 1.6-094
1.50 1.10 0.10 ·2.3026
1,75 1.00 0.00
2.00 1.00 o.oo
Values of LJ1(fi,-JC) nre ploued against time on an nrithmetic SJ!lph paper (Fig..f>-
3.10).
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2.00
1.50 y = ·3.11( •2.3466_
<, R' •0.8903
l.00
~
0.50
I o.oo
c -0.50
' <,
~
·l.00
·1.50
' <, -,
·2.00
4.50 'lo.
0.00 o.so 1.00 1.50 2.00
nm• t (h)
'The best fit straight line through the plotted points could be expressed as
/11(/~ - f,.) = ·3. I I+ 2.3486
Thus K11 • 3.1 n" anc U1(jj, - f.·>
= 2.3486 giving UP- J:.) = 10.4499;
Since f., = 1.0 cm/h. /., = 11.45 cmlh
Hence /,. = 1.0 +- 10.45 e·"11
3.11
Table •·3.11
Incremental (1,.4,J r in
Time{min) F,.(cm) infiltration fp{cmlh) ln(fp·f~)
(Cmlh) hOUI'$
(cm)
0
5 2.15 2.15 25.8 22.59 3.117507 0.083
10 3.77 1.62 19.4'4 16.23 2.786861 0.167
15 5.22 1.45 17 .'4 14.19 2.652537 0.250
20 6.58 1.36 16.32 13.11 2.573375 0.333
30 7.84 1.26 7.56 4.35 I .~70176 0.500
40 8.95 1.11 6.66 3.-45 1.23837'1 0.667
60 10.18 1.23 3.69 0.48 ·0.73397 1.000
80 11.26 1.08 3.24 0.03 1.333
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3.5
3 - ·~ " ;; ·4.1235x • 3.6393 -
--
u
2.5
2 <,
R2 = 0.9676
-...."
a.
1.5
1
0.5
~
•
<,
0
-0.5
•1 '•
0.00 0.20 0.40 o.so 0.80 1.00 1.20
Time t (h)
,..
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Incremental
Time I in F, 1. Ln
infiltration Ln Fp f/Fp
(min) hou1·s (cm) (em) (cll\lll} 1(11)
0 0.000
5 0.083 1.00 1 12 o.ooo ·2.46$ 1.000 3.-'6"4
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1.9
4.5
4.4
3.8
1.667
2.396
2.557
o.ooo
0.693
0.916
0.152
0.091
0.078
1.000
0.707
0.632
3.00.
2.50
2.00
...c• 1.50
... 1.00
y ;; 0. 7393x + 1.907
0.50 j-----;;;'-'------- R' = 0.996
0.00
·3.0 ·2.0 ·1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0
ln t(h)
'
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values of fp (col. 3) arc plotted ngainsr I/ Fp (col. 8) on <in arithmetic graph paper
(Fig.P-3.11-2). The best fit straight line through the plcued points is obtained as
I, = 9.0239(1..)+3.8375.
,.
F
The coefficients of the Green - Ampt equations are,,,= 3.$357 nnd 11 = 9.0239
Oreef\-Ampl EqiMtion. Prob, 3.12
"
"
10
:c
•
-· •'
~
•
y = 9.0239x + 3.8375
R1: 0.9339
'
0
o.oo 0.20 O.GO c.ec 1.00 . ..
1/ Fp
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,.
12
_,,.-
-·
10
- -
8
8
4
2
~
~- .
y : 2.9735• • 2.0461
A, .o.~7
0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
3.13 Computations needed for the plot of /11 (1!1{cJ vs ti rue (h) are shown in the
following table: Jn this test . the reading corresponding to time t = 110 min is obviously an
error of observation and as such is taken as eoual to 1.50 crn.
lncre-mental
depth
Time !in I,
Time(mln) Fi;(mm) F.{cm) durin9 ({o·f() ln(f9·fd
nours interval
(Cmlllf
(cm)
0 0
5 0.0633 21.0 2.10 2.1 25.200 23.700 3.1655
10 0.1667 36.0 3.60 1.50 18.000 16.500 2.8034
15 0.2500 47.6 4.76 1. 16 13.920 12.420 2.5193
25 0.4167 56.9 5.69 0.93 5.560 4.080 1.4061
40 0.6667 63.8 6.38 0.69 2.760 1.260 0.2311
60 1.0000 69.8 6.98 0.60 1.800 0.300 ·1.2040
75 1.2500 7-1.8 7.48 0.50 2.000 0.500 -0.6931
90 1.5000 79.3 7.93 0.-45 1.800 0.300 ·1.2040
110 1.8333 87.0 8.70 o.n ~.31Q ~
130 2.1667 92.0 9.20 0.50 1.500 0.000
Values of l11ifp·fc)are ploued against time (h) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P- 3. J 3).
Note that the data of 1 = I JO min is not included in the plot.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
4.0
y = ·3.2747X + 3.0612
2.0
::Jl R1 = 0.9012
~ o.o .
c:
.... ·2.0 .
-4.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
I (h)
The best fit Slraigh1 line through the plot.ted p~ints could be. expressed as
In(!,,- le)= -3.2747 t + 3.0612 with R· = 0.9012.
Thus K, = 3.06 11·• and /Jo({, - J,.) = 3.2747
giving(!,,- ts= 26.435
Sincef,. = 1.50 cn\/h. /., = 27.935 cnl.11•
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Incremental
<leplh
Time du ting
Time
lmin\
tin
hours
F,
rmml
F,
icm'
interval
<cml '•
(cmlh' tn F Ln t t!F ('-'
0 0
10 0.167 9.8 0.98 0.98 5.880 ·0.020 • 1.792 1.020 2.449
20 0.333 18.0 1.80 0.82 4.920 0.588 · 1.099 0.556 1.732
30 0.500 25.0 2.50 0.70 4.200 0.916 ·0.693 0.400 1.414
50 0.833 38.0 3.80 1.30 3.900 1.335 ·0.182 0.263 1.095
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
1.333
90 55.0 5.50 1.70 3.400 1,705 0.299 0.182 o.sss
120
2.000 76.0 7.60 2.10 3.150 2.028 0.693 0.132 0.707
160
2.667 94.0 9.40 1.80 2.700 2.241 0.981 0.106 0.612
200
3.333 110.0 11.00 1.60 2.400 2.399 1.204 0.091 0.548
4.667
290 137.0 13,70 2.70 2.025 2.617 1.540 0.073 0.463
360
S.000 163.0 16.30 2.SO 1.950 2.79i 1,792 0.061 0.409
Kos1iakov•s Equation: F"'(1)= o 111 Eq.(3.25)
Taking logarithms of both sides of me equation (3.25)
ln(P,.) = /11 a + b ln(t).
'The data set is ploued as IJ1(Fr> vs 111(1) 01• an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P-3.14- I .)and the
best Iii Stl'aight line through the ploued is obtained as
!t1(P,.) =J.4457+ 0.78411!1(1).
The coefflcienrs of Kostiakov equation are b = 0.784 I and
U1 a= 1.4457 and hence (1 = 4.24). Best fitting Kostiakovequation fol' the data is
F,. = 4.2451°'13J'
3.00
2.50
2.00
u,• 1.$0
_,e 1.00
y•0.7841X .. 1.4457
0.50
Rl • 0.9N3
0.00
·0.50 '-----~------------'
·2.00 ·1.50 ·1,00 ·O.SO 0,00 0.50 1,00 1.50 2.00
Ln1
Philip's Equation: The expression I, (t) = fis ,-M +K (Eq.3.24) is used. Values of fr
(Col. 6) are ploued against ,--0s(col. lO) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fig.P-3.14-2). TI•e
best lit straight line through the plotted points is obtajned as
JI'= 1.9111'°'~ + 1.485
'The coefficients of Philip's equation ates= 2 x 1.91 l = 3.822 and K= 1.485
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7.0
6.0
s.o _,,...,
,,..., -
--"
:c
E
.»
4.0
3.0
2.0
A7
- .,,...,•
y = 1.911)1+1.485
1.0
R> : 0 ..9593 -
0.0
0.00 o.so 1.00 1.50 2.00 2~50 3.00
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
7.0
s.o -•
--"
.c
E ~o
s.o
..,,.•• -
:..--
~ ·-
_...-
_,.....-
-
3.0
y = 3.9785• .. 2.305
A
2.0
R1 • 0.8797 -
1.0
0.0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
1/F•
3. 15 Ccmpmmtons needed for the plots of/·--,.. J~ and /11 (JjJ{t) vs time (hours) arc shown
in the following table:
Incremental
Time F,
1
(hours) (mm}
F,
(cm)
inliruation
depth (cm) '·
(cmlh)
(fp·I~} Ln(fp·lc) tp(mmlh)
0
0.033 7 0.7 0.8 24.000 23.900 3.174 240.00
0.167 20 2 1.3 9.750 9.650 2.267 97.50
0.500 33.5 3.35 1.35 4.050 3.950 1.374 40,50
1.000 37.8 3.78 0.43 0.860 0.760 ·0.274 8.60
1.500 39.5 3.95 0.17 0.340 0.240 ·1,427 3.40
2.167 41 4.1 0.15 0225 0.125 •2.079 2.25
4,000 •3 4.3 0.2 0.109 0.009 ·4.700 1.09
6.000 •5 4.5 0.2 0.100 1.00
. . . -
The vanauon ofjp (mnllh) with 1(/J)1s shown m Fig. P ·3.15· I. The cquanon of
lhc best fit line is obtained as/p = O. 7598 (1•11j$
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
100.00
y = 0.75981(1•1''
Ai= 0..9497
0.01
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
Time (h)
Fi
g. P-3.IS·l Variation of lnfiltrati(1n Capatily
TI1e variation of Fp (mm) wid1 l (h) is shown in Fig. P -3.14-2. The equauon of the
best lit line is obtained as Fp = 7.4827 ln t + 34.781
Vatlallon ot cumctenve lnllllrallon with Tlme·Prob.3.15
~ 40
..
~ 30
..
~ 20
3 10
E
~
0 0
0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00
Time (h)
B)' observation of the dataf.. =0.10 cm/h. Values of /11(/JJ-/c) arc plotted against
time (h) on an arithmetic graph paper (Fis.f>· 3.15·3). The best fit straiSht line.
through the plotted points could be expressed tis
fn(f,,- /,) = -1.9()95 I+ 2.3169
Thus K,,; 1.91h., and U1(f,,- / ..) = 2.317 giving (h,- J..) = 10.144 cm/h
Since le• O. IOCm/h, f0 - 10.244 cmlh
..
••
'··
I
y = -1.9095x. 2.31
A,• 0.9423
-
- 1.0
:: 0.0
g ·1.0
•
----
5 ·:!.O ~
-ae
•4.0
·5.0 •
·G.O
0.0 •.O 2.0 2.6 a.s <O •••
Tim• t (h)
3.16
Fr= aJ(0.5+1.2e·0$')<11
'
= ((O.S x 4) -
= [ 0.5r-~e·0j'
~~ .
]''
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3.18
340000 = 0.068 m = 6.S cm.
Runoff=
jCJOxlO ..
Pulses of uniform time duration tl.1 = 2 h are considered. The pulses are numbered
sequentially and intensity of rainfall in each pulse is calculated as shown below.
•
T blI.' D· 3 • 18 Cal tuIauens
' ror Problem 3 18 .
Pulse number I z 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time from start of rain 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
(h)
Cumulative rainfall 0.80 2.W 4.10 7.30 10.80 I I.SO 12.40 12.W
fem\
Incremental rain (cm) 0.80 1.80 I.SO 3.20 3.50 1.00 0.60 0.20
Intensity of rain (/,) in 0.40 0.90 0.75 r.so 1.75 0.50 0.30 0.10
cn\/b.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
2.00
. .. 1.75
,._
~
t.eo
1.40
- r. ..
"s
·;,;;
e '·>.oo'° 0.00
.s 0,75
_1:·index
- ra,
] 0.80 = 0.42
·~ o.eo -0.:10-- Cfl'llh J
"' o..w
O.<O :O:'i!tl_____
- -
0.20 I n·•
I
0.00
• • ,,
2 4
Time (hoi.-s) " "
3.19
Pulses of uniform time duration 6.1 = O.S Ii art' considered. The pulses are numbered
sequenlially and intensity of rainfall in eachpulse is calculated as shown below.
Table n.J.19 calculations tor Problem 3.19
Pulse number I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ti1ne front start of 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
rain Ch)
Curnularive 0.25 o.so I. 10 1.60 1.60 .1.50 5.70 6.5() 7.30 7.70
rninfall (cm)
Incremental rain 0.25 0.25 0.60 0.50 1.00 0.90 1.20 1.10 0.50 0.20
(cm)
Intensity of rain 0.50 o.so 1.20 1.00 2.00 1.80 2.40 2.20 1.00 0.40
(/;\in cmlh.
3.5 = (1.2 x 0.S) + ( 1.00 x 0.S) + (2.00 x 0.S) + ( 1.80 x 0.S) + (2.4 x 0.S) +
(2.20 x 0.5) + (1.0 x 0.S) l- 3.5 ~
= 5.8- 3.5 'I'
'+> = 2.3/3.S = 0.0.657 crnrb
By inspectionof row 5 of Table. (p-3.19). A1, e numbcr of pulses having/,~ ip. thiu is
/,·~ 0.0.657 cm/his 7. Thus A·f.:= 7= A·I. Hence assumed .~1 is OK.
The o-index of the storm is 0.657 cn\/11 and the duration of rainfall excess= t, = 3.5
hours.
Fig. P·3.19 Storm Hyetograpt. ond £AH • Problem 3.19
••
es
r :?.O
"ii
<
~
~
~
•••
e-
~
i ...
•
o.s
-··
0.0 '=--"'=-""----'--1---'---'----'--1---'=--'
0.5 •• ,, ac 30 ••• ,, s.o
Pulse No. I 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time from start of rain (h) 0.333 0.667 1.00 1.333 l.667 2.00 2.333
Rainfall Intensitv (nln1/h) 6 6 18 13 2 2 12
lncremeutal rainfall depth in the
2.00 2.00 6.00 4.33 0.67 0.67 4.00
interval (1nm)
A veraze Loss =Q)x/it 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Runoff (Olin) in 6.t 1.00 1.00 5.00 3.33 0 0 3.00
Total runoff = 13.33 mm
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Calculation of w-Index:
Deduct initial loss 111 = 0.8 mm front the rainfall hyetograph. The firs! pulse will
have a rainfall of ( 2.00 - 0.80 = I .2 nun) and lhe resulting intensity is 1.2/0.333 =
4.00 rum/h. The resulting byerograpb is !IS follows:
Pulse No. I 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time from start of rain (h l 0.333 0.667 I.OD 1.333 1.667 2.00 2.333
Incremental rainfall depth in
1.2 2.00 6.00 4.33 0.67 0.67 4.00
the interval (nun)
Rainfall intensity of pulses
for \\'.index computauon 4 6 IS 13 2 2 12
(n11n/h)
Trial I:
Assume A'1 = S. :l.1 = 0.333h and hence I-: = l\•1. at = I .667 hours.
Select these S pulses in decreasing order of/;. Pulse 5 and 6 are omined.
Runoff R, =13.33 mm= '
:2:(1, -~)<11 '
=LI, ·<11 -~ (Sx0.333)
13.33 = ((4 x 0.333) + (6 ' x 0.333) + (18 x' 0.333) + (13 x 0.333) + (12 x 0.333))-
1.6<\7 ~ = 17.53 - 1.6<\7 ~
tp = 4.211.67 = 2.52 1nn1'h
By inspection of tO\Y 4 of Table (p·3.20), A1, = number of pulses having 11 ~(I). that
is
Ir~ 2 . .52 rnnl/h is 5.
Thus J\1,. = S= A1. Hence assumed /\1 is OK.
The w-toocx of the storm is 2.52 1ru1\/h and the duration of rainfall excess =I-: =
1.67 hours.
3.21 O>-={)60
. cm/h = O>O
·- crn ocr 2 0 min time steo
I 2 3 4 7
6
1"imc Increment Cum. tncrc-
from ;i,l time Rainfall mental (11fi1 ua uo I) Runoff
start (=•M) (cm) rninf:ill Loss (cm)
(cm) = ( <J)X 01)
0 0 0 0
20 20 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.30
40 20 1.20 0.70 0.20 0.50
60 20 2.60 1-4-0 0.20 1.2
80 20 3.30 0.70 0.20 0.5
100 20 3.50 0.20 0.20 0
sum I.OD 2.50
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Runoff in each time Step is equal to the Incremental rainfal! in 1ho1 step minus
infiltration loss calculated as equal to ( cpx At). Nole 1h111 the initial loss hos already
been accounted for in lhe calculation of c-Index and as such does not appear in lhe
calculations. The total surfnee runoff from the catchment is 2.50 cm.
3.22
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Chapter-4
from lhe
1eh
water Average Vo.>o V0.6d Ave1age
edge widlh depth velocity Segmental
Im\ Im) Im) tmls) discha1ae commetu
0.0 0 0 0 o.o I
1.5
3.0
t.6675
1.5000
1.30
2.50
0.6
0.9
0.4
0.6 I
o.so
0.75
II 1.097
2.813
F•st
seemem
9.0
1.6875 0.40
0.00
0.4
o.o
031
e.o I 0.00
0.35
I 0.236 test
secmera
I Sum= 6.426
Total discharge= 6.426 inJ/s
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'0)'
(2.0 + .:::_2
4.3 For the first section 1\.' = =2.25 m
2x2
,
edQe
..
Ois-1an~
from the
water Average:
\Vidlh oeom
Revoh.1·
tlora in
Tmin. oeeerva- Average
tion time velocity Segmen1a1
1mi rrm rrm T ts\ trnts' dlscha1rie Commen1
0 0.00 0 0.000
180 0.174 0.196 Firs!
2 2.25 0.50 80
secmeru
•
6
2.00
2.50
I. I 0
1.95
83
131
120
120
0.253
0.381
0.557
1.859
9 3.00 2.25 139 120 0.403 2.718
12 3.00 1.85 12\ 120 0.355 1.968
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0 0 0
1 84.375 1.8 1.75 55 1.36 206.8
2 75 2.5 1.84 57 1.47 274.9
3 75 3.5 2.00 60 1.65 431.9
4 75 3.8 2.28 64 1,95 554.8
5 75 4.0 2.30 65 1.98 594.1
6 75 3.8 2.20 63 1.86 530.7
7 75 3.0 2.00 60 1.65 370.2
8 75 2.5 1.84 57 1.47 274.9
9 84.375 2.0 1.70 54 1.31 220.5
10 0
Sum= 3458.9
4.6
Q = Q,(C, -C,)
c,-c.
Q = 4x 10·3 nrl/s: C1 = 0.50: Ci= 4x10·6 and assume Co= 0
- 4x JO J x(0.50-4x JO') -SOO ,,
Q- , - m1S
4xl0
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49
Pronenv Section A Section B
A 73.293 rn- 93.375111"
p 26.S 18 ru 30.228 in
R 2.733 m 3.089 m
K
=-1-(73.293)(2.733)'" = 7163.5 =-1-(93.375)(3.089)'" = 9902.5
0.02 0.02
AverageK= JK..,K11 =8422.4
llj= (It,
v,:
-lt:)+(:,---2·
vr
)-It,
-8 8
The discharae that sans
. f res this cuauon ts
. ~oun db v trial an d error.
,,,
Trial
1
llJ
(Trial}
0.271
s,
0.271xl0~
s:
43.85
11,"12g v?~/Z,
0.01824 0.01124
~8
0.2754
2 0.2754 0.2754xl0~ 44.20 0.01854 0.01142 0.276
0.2760 0.276x10- 44.25 0.01860 0.01)44 0.276
3
-
Q = 44.2!) m,/s.
4.10
I Property I Section I I Section 2
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Q=Kf¥=K.j$, (I)
v! y!
Also/~= (h, -h,)+(-'---L) (2)
. 2g 2g
The discharge Q is found from Eqs (I) and (2) by trial and error.
As a firs1 trial assume h1= FaJI = 102.70 - 101.30 = 1.4 111
.SJ= 1.40/8000= l.75xl0~ andQ=2278.JT,
Trial
I1.400
'~
(Trial)
l.75x10·~
s,
s:
30.14
\1,·12g
0.0256
Vi"/2g
0.02!0
I~
1.4056
1.4056
2 I.757x 10..- 30.20 0.0257 0.0211 1.4046
3 1.4046 l.756xl0~ 30.18 0.0257 0.02!0 1.4046
Q=J0.18m ...
Is
4.11
(I) The stage -discharge equauon is Q = C, (G - a)-9
Taking dte logarithms log Q = p log(G- <1) +log Cr
or Y=PX+b
where Y = IQg Q and X =log (G - a)
Values of X, Ynnd XY are calculated for all the data as shown in Table p-4.11.
'fable p·4.11 Calculations
. .
Olscha•·oe Log(G·a) LogQ.
S1a9e(G) G·a (0) -x y XY x' v'
(meters\ lml (m'fs.\
35.91 0.41 89 -0.387 1.949 ·0.755 0.150 3.800
36.90 1.40 230 0.146 2.362 0.345 0.021 5.578
37.92 2.42 360 0.384 2.556 0.981 0.147 6.535
44.40 8.90 3800 0.949 3.580 3.399 0.901 12.815
45.40 9.90 45&0 0.996 3.659 3.643 0.991 13.388
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= (13x35.533)-(9.853)(42.135) = 1.371
(13x 10.092) -(9.853)'
By Eq. (4.28b)
b = l:Y -P(l:X)
N
= (42.135)-1.371 x (9.853) = 2.20206
13
Hence C, =159.44
The required glluge - discharge rctauonship is therefore
Q = 159.44 (0- a)'·'''
(2) By Eq. (4.29)(of1'cJtt) cocfflcicm or corretauon
N(l:XY)-(l:XXl:Y)
=-.=~~=(=13=x=3~5_.5~33~)_-~(9_.8~5_3~X•_2~.1~3_S>~~~-
,/l(13 x 10.092) -(97.082)11(13 x 141.833) - (1775.39)1
= 0.968
As the value of ,. is nearer to unity the correlation is very good.
(J.a) When G = 42.5. as a= 35.0. (G - a)= 7.50
0 = 159.44 (7.5)1J11 = 2525 n13/s
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Chapter- 5
5.1
I 2 3
Acea (km') Nlean isohyer Product [I ]x[2 I
value (cm)
50 137.5 6875
300 132.5 39750
450 127.5 57375
700 122.5 85750
600 117.5 70500
400 1122.s 45000
200 107.5 21500
ToUll =2700 Sum =326750
.
Mean annual R::unfall = 326750/2700= 121. 02.cn1
(b) Annual runoff in cm = (65 x 365 x24 x60 x60)1 (2700 x 10") = 75. 9·2 cm
Runoff ccefflciem = 75.921121.02 = 0. 627 = 62.7%
5.2
·- Comnutanons
Ta bl e D- 5? or cm ·-
,,1onlh
G:iug~d
mondlly
flow
(ll1rn>i
UI•
u1ifzation
llJ!m')
,,, ..
Re-1>9t1e
llo•N
1!\lm~
Virgin
llo•N
ill.Im,.
R
sVlrg.n
"''"
fern)
••
IAontllly
rn.inf.a!I
(cm)
RP
•'
I 1.090 0.80 0.20 1.490 2. 13 5.20 11.069 27.0~
2 2.270 0.70 0.20 2.770 3.96 8.60 34.031 73.96
3 1.950 0.70 0.20 2.450 3.50 7.10 24.850 50.41
•5 2.600
3.250
0.70
0.70
0.20
0.20
3.300
3.75o
4.71
5.36
9.20
11.00
43.371
58.929
64.64
121.00
6 0.280 0.30 0.20 0.380 0.54 1.20 0.651 1.44
7 2.900 0.70 0.20 3.400 <1.86 I 0.50 51.000 110.25
8 2.980 0.70 0.20 3.480 4.97 II.SO 57.171 132.25
9 3.800 0.70 0.20 4.300 6.14 14.00 86.000 196.00
10 0.840 0.30 0.20 0.940 1.34 3.70 4.969 13.69
11 0.280 0.30 0.20 0.380 o.~ 1.60 0.869 2.56
12 0.400 0.30 0.20 0.500 0.71 3.00 2. 143 9.00
SUM 22.840 6.700 2.400 27.140 38.771 86.600 375.053 822.24
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N(Y:PR) - (EP)(Y:R)
Ii = -~~,--'--~,--'-
N(rP') - (Y:P)'
5.3
p. A.
Year RalnfaU Runoff P2 A2 PA
(cm} (cm)
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
= (12x53143.6)-(l165.IX459.9) = 0.6163
(12 x 126900) - (1165.1)'
By Eq. (5.3-b)
b = l:R - a(~P)
N
= (459.9)-(0.6163xl 165.1) = _21.51
12
Hence the required annual rainfall - runoff relationship of the catchment is given
by R = 0.6163 /' - 21.513 with beth P and R being in cm and R ~ O.
By Eq. (S.4) coefficient of correlmice
N(l:PR)-(l:P)(l:R)
5.4
Catculatlon or Yleld of River Netravau at Bantwal
Observed
Annual Wiltld Evapor Annual SOrte<i Excee<lance
Year Flow rawa1s anon Yield Yleld Rank ProbabUlty
endino IMCM\ llACMI It.ICM~ IMCM) values lml l'l;m.'18
1971 IS925 91 • 16020 16700 1 onss
1972
197$
14813
11726
93
9S
•• 14910
11825
16306
16020
2
3
0.111
0.167
1974
1975
11818
12617
97
99
•• 11919
12720
15809
14910 '
5
0.222
0.278
1976 1S704 101
• 15809 14766 6
1
0.333
1977 8334 103
' 8441 12973 0.369
1978 12864 105
• 12973 12720 8 0.444
1979 16195 107
' 16306 11919 9 o.500
1980 10392 109 • 10SOS 11825 10 0.556
1981 16565 111
' 16700 11676 11 0.611
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• 12691
Average annual Yield for the whole basin = J269 I X 3222/3184 =12842 ~IC!\•l
~IOnlh I 2 3 4 5 6
Jlm 0.7 0.9 I. I 4.5 10.7 7.1
(crn)
T,,, "C 24 27 32 33 31 26
Rn 0 0 0 0 0 0
fc.111)
Mon th 7 8 9 10 II 12
Pm I I.I 13.7 16.4 15.3 6.1 1.3
(cm)
r, "C 24 24 23 21 20 21
Rn 0 2.18 5.36 5.22 0 0
tern)
5.6
Table p~S.6 Calculation of f\1onlhly runotl hy Sln1nge'~ method
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Row 4 is obtained by using Strange's Tables 5.3-a. 1''ote lhat cumulative monthly
rainfall is used to gel lhc cumulative runoff-ratio percentage at any month. Row 7 is
obtained as
Monthly yield (mJ.) =l(ltcn1 in row 5)11000) x (Catchment area in ha) x JO"
Total seasonal yield =sum of items in row 6= 1,440,000 mJ. = .1.44 ~l_mJ
5.7 (a) Since antecedent 5 - ~1ys rainf:1U is 25 mm and the season is donnanl
season, from 'fable S.3 Arv1C is of Type-It. Thus CN = CN11 = 68
S=(25400J68) • 254= I 19.5
for orm-black couon soils
=(P-0.3S)' . ~030
Q for P> . o
P+0.1S
_ [s0-(0.3x 119.5)]' _ [so-35.85]' _
- - 11 91
-.m1u
80+(0.7xll9.5) 80+83.65
Total runoff volume over 1he catchment V,;: 500x IO~x I 1.91/( 1000)= 59550 nt)
(b) lf antecedent 5 - days rainfall is 35 mm, since the season is dorrnam season. from
Table 5.3, AMC is of Type-Ill.
From Eq. 5.20
,, -
CJ\ IJJ -
c,v,,
0.427 + 0.00573CN,,
Hence CN1r, = 68 = 83.27
0.427 +0.00573x68
$=(25400/83.27). 254= 51.03
Q= (P-0.3S)' for P>0.3S
P+0.7S
__(S0-(0.3x51.03)]' __(S0-15.31]'
= 36.I 6 mm
80+(0.7x51.03) 80+35.72
Total runoff volume over lhc catchment V,= 500x 104x36.16/(IOOO)
= 180800 IUJ
5.8
Using Table 5.4 weigtued CN11 is calculated as below:
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wet
c1,g.hICdCN u-- (5071+1999) _707
- •
100
By E<J.(5.20) CNm= O
.427+( 0700
. 573x7
7 .7) °·
O = 84.96
70·7
B • E<J.(5.19) CN = CN,, = = 51.41
l ' 2.28L-0.01281CN" 2.281-0.0128Lx70,7
5.9
73·0
Given CNu= 73. Using Eq.(5.20) CN1u= = 86.36
0.427 + (0.00573x 73.0)
s = (25400/1l6.36)-254 = 4(1, 12
The. retevant runoff equation for Black soil and At-.1C-lll is
Q= (P-0.IS)' = [P-(O.lx40.12))' = [P-4.012)'
P+0.9S P+(0.9x40.12) P+36.ll
'IQU1I runoff volume over the carchrneru V..= 400_:t10Jx86.52/( 1000) = 346080 m3
5.10
Using Table 5.4 weighted CN11 is calculated as below:
5. t I:
Given CNu1 = CN = 77.
S = (25400n7)-254 = 75.87
(P-0.2S)'
Q= for P>0.2S
P+O.SS
_ (P-(0.2x75.87))' _(P-IS.17]', ~1517
- - 10rr;o .. mn1
P+(O.Sx75.87J P+flJ.1
Total Q = I 3.38 mm
Total runoff \'Olu111e over 'he catch1nen1Vr=680x 104x I 3.38/(1000) = 909841nl
5.12
Using Table 5.6-a weighted CNn is csjculatcd as below:
I Pasture
TOLttl
1100 161 16100
40500
.
\Ve1gJned CNu =- -40500 • 81
5100
011 • P mm
100
2 90
5.13
(a) Calculation of weighted CN
Since Al\<tC e Category LI. using Table 5.6(:i) weighted CN11 is calculated ns
below:
s = (25400190.6)·254=26.35
Q= (P-0.2S)' forP>0.2S
P+0.8S
_ (150-(0.2x 26.35))' _
- - 122 •4 Olm
150+ (O.Sx 26.35)
.• h dCN u = (2765+3440+2225)
\veie,ute = 84,..l
100
Using Standard SCS·C~' equations
s = (25400/84.3)-254=47.3
Q= (P-0.2S)' for P>0.2S
P+0.8S
(150- (0.2 x 47.3))' = 10-~.!)Olm
1-
=
150+(0.8x47.3)
Percentage •increase •m runon'[d ue 10 urbamzanon
fi . . = (122.4-105.S )xJ 00
105.15
= 16%
5.14
N.a 1095
a.
lowest
Number of m Pp• value in
Oischactte occvuences currunanve lm/lN.1}•100 the ranee
a: 350 6 6 0.5 350
250 .349 30 36 3.3 250
150 ·249 60 96 8.8 150
100. 1~9 121 217 19.8 100
40·99 137 354 32.3 40
20. 39 169 523 47.7 20
15. 24.9 232 755 I 68.9 15
10· 14.9 183 938 I 85.8 10
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10751
1095
98.1
99.9
I
100 •
a •
•
1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0 1 10 100
Pp
.S. J.S The- calculations an: shown in Table' p-S. l.S. Nole that the flrst entry in Col.
7 corresponding I() June ls negative and the entry corresponding 10 the month of May is
also negative. As such. one more series of data covering 12 months from June 10 May
is added sequentially. thus giving two water years of data.
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lj' • . i
4~ '
ITTTT iJlU ' '
' .
I ' . 1~11
40
. ' '. I ' ...
.
' I . I '
I
11111
.iw, C.• •;
35·
30·
"
"
111 ! I
..
,.
..
. JI
llmtf
I
' ..
-
.
'
.
' ' .
. I
25 . .. ' ." '
'~l f . ' I
'
20·
. ' J
11 I I .
.
' '
15 • ' 1 I I
I
..
.
10
.'. I.
i .. ' ..
..
I
' '
"' "
'
.
I .
• '
s '
.
0 'l1 ' . '
11rn1 . '
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
....
Feb
A
40
30
25
2.4
3.9
5.1
0
0
0
37.6
26.l
19.9
75
80
85
-37.4
·53.9
·65. 1
-60.3'1
·114.24
·179.34
Mav 20 6.6 0 l 3.4 130 •116.6 ·295.94
Jun 30 6.6 3.42 26.82 120 ·93.18 ·389.12
Jul 200 4.2 7.74 203.54 25 178.54 176.54
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5.19 The given data is for two years and 11.s such the sequent peak algorithm catculmions
are performed for 2 x 2 = 4 years. Calculations are shown in Table p- 5.19.
1'able - s.. I 9
Cum.
No. NCI Net
Days h'llOw Demand tnllOlo\' lnllow
In me volume volume volume vcteme
Mon1h month iha.m\ lha.m\ ....e.ml fha.m\ Remarks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Jan 31 57.40 18.75 38.65 38.65
Feb 28 65.50 16.93 48.57 87.22
Ma• 31 28.60 18.75 9.85 97.07
r 30 32.80 18.14 i 14.66 111.72
Mav 3t 36.90 18.75 I 18.15 129.88
Jun 30 24.60 18.14 I 6.46 136.33 Peex-t
Jul 31 10.20 16.75 ·6.55 127.78
Ava 31 2.10 18.75 ·16.65 111.13
Seo 30 2.10 18.14 ·16.04 95.09
Oct 31 2.10 t8.75 I ·16.65 78..(i-1
Nov 30 4.10 18.14 ~ ·14.04 64.40
Dec 31 6.20 t8.75 I ·10.55 53.65
Jan 31 10.2 16.75 ·6.55 45.30 Trounh·I
Feb 28 30.8 16.93 13,67 59.16
Ma. 31 43.1 16.75 24.35 83.52
30 53.t 18.14 I 34.96 118.47
'
Mav 31 38.9 18.75 I 20.15 t 38.62
Jun 30 28.9 16.14 • 10.76 149.38 Peex-z
Jul 31 16.4 t6.75 I ·2.35 147.03
Ava 31 12.3 18.75 •6.45 140.58
Seo 30 12.3 18.14 -5.84 134.74
1 2 3 4 s 6
Oct 31 4.1 18.75 ·14.65 120.09
Nov 30 6.2 18.14 -9.94 110.14
Dec 31 2.1 18.75 ·16.65 93.50 Trounh·2
Jan 31 57.40 18.75 39.65 132.15
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
-
Values of Peaks and Troueh
(Peal<.·
NO Peak Trounh Ttounh~
l 136.331 45.2992 91.032
2 149.379 93.496 55.8832
3 229.827 177 .012 52.8152
•. 242.875
. .
Required Minimum storage = Max. of (Peak- Trough) values
= 91.032 ha.m
5.20 Calculations are shown in Table p~S.20. Cols. I to 7 in Table p-5.1 Sare retained as
ii is. Col. S is the cumulauve values of col.7. The series in ccl.? starts with a
negauvevalue and 1he first trough is located. There is no peak before this Trough -
I. 'The occurrences of troughs and the peaks are indicated in Table p·5.20 and the
salient data can be summed u as below:
(Peak·
SI.No Peak. Trcccn Tro ....h~
l -387.8
2 165.26 -223.86 389.12
3 329.2
There is only one ::;cl of valid peak and trough set and the minimum storage needed
10 meet the demand is obtained as 389.12 ~'IC~t.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Table p-5.20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Inflow Ev~r N$1 tnflQ.•N
IA<>tlth
volume
lf..1Cf..ll
.:i!ion
tf•'Cl\11
R:sin(:i!I
(MCIA)
Volume
OACIA)
°'"''"'"
Volume
WCMI
iNel lnllow
• Detn8Nfl
Cumulative
OI Col.7 Remark a
Jan so 1.8 0.18 48.38 70 ·21.62 ·21.62
Feb 40 2.4 0 37.6 75 .37 .4 ·59.02
•·~ar 30 3.9 0 26.1 60 ·53.9 ·l 12.92
Ao( 25 5.1 0 19.9 85 ·65.1 ·l 78.02
t.ta11 20 6.6 0 13.4 130 ·116.6 ·294.62
Jun 30 6.6 3.42 26.82 120 ·93.18 ·387.80 Trounl'l-t
Jul 200 4.2 7.74 203.54 25 178.54 ·209.26
Au• 225 3.3 7.02 228.72 25 203.72 ·5.54
Seo 150 3.9 3.96 150.06 40 110.06 104.52
Oct 90 3.6 1.08 87.48 45 42.48 147.00
Nov 70 2.1 0.36 68.26 50 18.26 165.26 Peak·2
De<: 60 1.5 0.18 58.68 60 ·1.32 163.94
Jan so 1.8 0.18 48.38 70 ·21.62 142.32
Feb 40 2.4 0 37.6 75 .37 .4 104.92
~tar 30 3.9 0 26.1 60 ·53.9 51.02
Ao' 25 5.1 0 19.9 85 ·65.1 ·14.08
>.tav 20 6.6 0 13.4 130 ·116.6 · 130.68
Jun I 30 6.6 3.42 26.82 120 ·93.18 ·223.86 Trounh•2
Jul I 200 4.2 7.74 203.54 25 178.54 -45.32 I
Aun 225 3.3 7.02 228.72 25 203.72 158.40
Seo 150 3.9 3.96 150.06 40 110.06 268.46
0C1 90 3.6 1.06 67.48 45 42.46 310.94
Nov 70 2.1 0.36 66.26 50 18.26 329.20 Peak4
De<: 60 1.5 0.18 58.68 60 ·1.32 327.88
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter 6
6. I The: data are plotted on a semi-log plot wlth discharge on the log scale. (See Fig. P-
6.1). The data points from day 5 onwards ptor on straight line. The best fining
exponential curve for this straight line portion is( obtained through use of f\•IS
Excel) is
0.1·!--~~-!-~~-+~~~!--~~-'-~~-+~~__,~~~-'-~~-l
~o 1.0 10 6.0 7.0 a.o •••
Time in DtrY•
Pig. P -11.1
Q, = 2.5299 e ..u.1-:cr.o with R: =0.9148.
The base flow recession constant Km= e..o.t:oo = 0.8864.
The base curve recession is extended till I = 0, and the surface water
depletion is obtained by subtracting the base Flow from the observed recesslon limb
of the hydrcgrapb. The. computations are shown in Table p-6.1.
Time Observed
tdavs\ OiSchar.-... fm3/$l 011 .aas~ llowl O 1surlace 1uno111
0 155 2.53 152.47
0.5 70 2.38 67.62
1.0 36 2.24 35.76
1.5 19 2.11 16.89
2.0 9.0 1.99 7.01
2.5 5.5 1.87 3.63
3.0 3.5 1.76 1.7A
3.5 2.5 1.66 0.84
4.0 1.9 I 1.56 0.34
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
s.o 1.4
6.0 1.2
7.0 1.1
(b) On the seventh day. the OC.)\\' is bnse flow recession with a= 0.1206 (day·' units).
Hence storage available at the end of 7111 d:t)' =S1 =Qin= 1.1/().1206 = 9.12 curnec.days.
6.2 Q, =Q.K:
QI =QK'°=80
" t
Q• =Q K" =40
. " '
fiL:(K!• )=SO =2.0
Q2 K?" 40
K;"' =2.0 and K,=0.966
Q,= 801(0.966)" = 113.137
On JulylO, 1 = 40 days and 0) = 113.137 x (0.966)"' = 28.28 m'ls
S -S(1)=[Q(i)-Q.)
" In K
S -S(1 )= IQ(l,)-Q.I
1
" In K
S -S(1 )= IQ(1,)-Q.I
'' : lnK
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6.5
ObServed Ordifla1es ot
Time (h)
Fb\v {m3/s) e-n UH (m1/s}
0 0 0
6 100 23.1
12 250 57.9
18 200 46.3
24 I 50 34.7
30 100 23.1
36 70 16.2
42 so 11.6
4a 35 8.1
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54 25 5.8
60 15 3.5
66 5 1.2
72 0 o.o
Sum .. 1000 231.5
vo1u1neof
ruooff IMr.•.tl 21.60 5.00
OCpth Of
4.32 1.00
ruoofl fem)•
6.7
ordinate of Oirec<
Base S·hUH
Time Flood Runof-1
flow ordinate
(h) H~1ograph Hyelr0g1aph
(m3/s) (m'Js)
(m3/s) (m3/s)
0 40 40 0 0.0
6 65 40 25 s.o
12 215 40 175 35.0
16 360 40 320 6'1.0
24 400 40 360 72.0
30 350 40 310 62.0
36 270 41 229 45.6
42 205 41 164 32.6
48 145 41 104 20.8
54 100 42 58 11.6
60 70 42 28 5.6
66 50 42 8 LS
72 42 42 0 0.0
Sum= 1781 356.2
6.8
Ord.ol Flood
Time Base Flow Dlrec1 Avnolf 1-<1ay DiSL ?'aph
Hydrograph
(h) (m~/s) (m1/s) ordina;e (m /s)
rm3/sl
0 20 20 0 0.00
1 63 22 41 10.25
2 151 25 126 31.50
133 26.25
3 28 1 OS
'
4
5
6
7
..
90
63
29
28
26
23
21
62
37
21
8
'
I
15.50
9.25
5.25
2.00
8
9
20
20
20
20
0
0 ' 0.00
0.00
Sum= 400 I 100
0 0 0 0
6 20 0 20 10
12 60 20 60 40
16 150 60 210 105
24 120 150 270 135
30 90 120 210 105
36 66 90 156 76
42 50 66 116 I 58
4,9 32 50 82 41
54 20 32 52 I 26
60 10 20 30 15
66 0 10 10 I 5
72 0 0 I 0
(Note: Col.S = (Col.4)12)
6. 15
Svcurve s~-eurvt
~-hUH Ord.of
Time S2-C1.1rve 1aggedby 4 (COi. 4·
o<d. additions ~-AUH
(h) ord.(m;,IS) hour$ col.5)
(m'Js) (m'Js) (m1/s)
{m$/sl
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0 0 0 0 o.o
2 25 0 25 25 12,5
4 100 25 125 0 125 62.5
6 160 125 285 25 260 130.0
8 190 285 475 125 350 175.0
10
12
170
110
475
6•5
645
755
285
475 ' 360
280
180.0
140,0
14 70 755 825 645 180 90.0
IS 30 825 855 755 100 50.0
18 20 855 875 825 50 25.0
20 6 875 881 855 26 13.0
22 0 661 681 675 I 6 3.0
24 0 681 881 681 I 0 o.o
l Note: Col.7 = !Col.6/l412)11
6.17 For the one hour UH. Volume of I)~ =(5+ $+ 5 + 3+ I) x Ix 3600= 792001113
If A = area Of catchment in km:. then (Ax 106) x 1/100 = 79200
.4 = 7.'}2 km'
s.-curve Ord.ol
l·hUH Secrve
Time ·S1·Curve laggeO by (COi. 4·
o<d. ad011ions 2·h UH
(hi Otd.(m3/S) 2 hoots ool.5)
(m1/s) (m'ls) (m'ls)
{m3/s)
0 0 0 0 0 o.o
1 5 0 5 I 5 2.5
2 8 5 13 0 I 13 6.5
3 5 13 18 5 I 13 6.5
•5 3 18 21 13 8 4.0
6
1
0
21
22
22
22
18
21 ' 4
1
2.0
e.s
7 22 22 22 1 0 o.o
6. 18
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S12·curve
Time l 2·h s-curve lagged by (cot 4· Ord,ol 6·h
additions 512-Curve
UH ord.
(hi orc:J,(
m 3/s) 6 hours COl.5) UH (m3ts)
(m1/s) (m1/S)
(m3/s)
0 0 0 0 0
6 10 10 0 10 20
12 37 0 37 10 27 54
18 76 10 86 37 49 98
24 111 37 148 86 62 124
30 138 86 222 148 74 148
36 150 148 298 222 76 1S2
42 153 222 37S 298 77 154
48
54
60
66
146
130
114
99
...
298
37S
505
444
sos
S58
604
375
444
sos
558
69
61
S3
46
138
122
106
92
72 84 558 642 604 38 76
78 71 604 67S 642 33 66
84 58 642 700 67S 2S so
90 46 675 721 700 21 42
96 35 700 735 721 14 26
102 2S 721 746 73S 11 22
108 17 735 752 746 6 12
114 12 748 7S8 7S2 6 10
120 8 7S2 760 758 2 6
126
132
6
3
758
760
764
763
760
764 •
·1
3
1
138 2 704 766 763 3 0
144 0 763 763 766
[Col.7 = (Col.6)1(6112)]
Faired values of 6-h UH are shown in bold.
6. 19
$3-curve
3·hUH s-curve lagged Ord.of
Time additions Srcurve (COi. ~.
o<d. by9 9·h UH
(h> (m3/s) (m3/S)
ord.(m3/s) hours col.SJ (m'ts)
tm3tsl
0 0 0 0 0
3 12 0 12 12 4
6 75 12 87 87 29
9 132 87 219 0 219 73
12 180 219 399 12 387 129
15 210 399 609 87 522 174
18 183 609 792 219 573 191
21 158 792 948 399 549 183
24 135 948 1083 609 474 158
27 114 1083 1197 792 405 135
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6.20
Time interval (h) 010 6 610 12 12 10 18
Rainfall in the irncrval (cm} 4.0 1.0 5.0
Losses tee x 6) 1.0 1.0 1.0
Effective rainfall (cm} 3.0 0 4.0
H!
0 0 0 20 100
0 20 60
20 20
24 h
72h
6·h UH
Fig. P • 6.21
I
6.22 Vofume of'Uf-l e -)(69x3600xQ m3=(l000x IO~)xl/)00
2 '
Hence Q_p = 80. 5 mJ/s
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6.23
Tlme interval (h) Oto 4 4 to S S to 12
Rainfall in the intervallcm) 3.5 2.2 1.8
Losses(-·" x 4} 1.0 1.0 1.0
Etfecrive rainfall (c1n) 2.5 1.2 0.8
Time Ch) IQ 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34
DR crd. /m·Jsl 10 4.3 19.4 44.4 39.6 28.1 14.1 4.9 1.4 0
INotc that the DR mies an: entered ;:i1 mid values of tbc time iutervals.l
I Unit Tinle I
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6.ho·1llo'lr1ibuuon
' uram h ercentaees
Time (units of6
hours)
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 s
Distribution graph
6.25 18.75 22.92 18.75 14.58 10.42 6.25 2.0S
eercentaaes
30
20
Q
10 30
20
0 12 24 30 42 48 Houis
6· hUH
Fig. p. 6.24
6.25
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
3.6 cm
2.acm
o.1cm o.1cm
• ER
• 2
9.0h
1-hUH
Fig. P·6.25(•J
Oirecl Runoff
l·h UH due to OR
Time Ord, HydrOg1:lph
(h)
(m3/s) ER· ER· {m31S)
3.3cm z.a cm
0 o.oo 0 o.oo
1 1.20 3.96 0 3.96
2 2.40 7.92 2.76 10.68
3 3.60 11.88 5.52 17.40
4 3.00 9.9 8.28 18.18
5 2.40 7.92 6.9 14.82
6 1.80 5.94 5.52 11.46
7 1.20 3.96 -<!. 1 <!! 8.10
8 0.60 1.98 2.76 4.74
9 o.oo 0 1.38 t.38
10 0 0 0 0.00
Total= 90.72
Tl)tal volume of DRH = 90.72 (m3/s).h = 326592 m3
After Urbanisation:
""" 2.&¢m
0.4em e.e cm
1.5 h
6.0 h • ER ' 2
1·tlUH
Fig. P· 6,25(b)
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Dlrect Runoff
1·hUH due to OR
Time Ord, Hyd1ograph
(h) ER• ER•
{m3/s) (m3/s)
3.6cm 2.6cm
0 0.00 o.oo o.oo
1 4.00 14.40 o.oo 14.40
1.5 6.00 21.60 10.40 32.00
2 5.33 19.19 15.60 34.79
3 4.00 14.40 13.86 28.26
4 2.67 9.61 10 ..:iO 20.01
5 1.33 4.79 6.94 11.73
6 0.00 0.00 3.46 3."16
7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tota.I: 144.65
Time (h) 0 3 6 9 12 15 IS 21 24 27
3·h UH ord. (m'/s) 0 60 120 90 50 30 20 10 5 0
t» •
...c.+t
2 r
=37 h·•
I' p =34 h = (21/22) Ir+ IH. /4 Hence 111= 34.05 h
6.30
~ 30 6om
eu
';' 20
~
"'•
! 10
~
i3 0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (h)
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•••
-
!;' as
~
.....
!!' e
3
c
".'!!" u
0 '05
0
0
Time (h}
Fig. P·6.3-0(b)
Table .
O· 630( a) Dertvauon
' o rs •• curve
Ordinate
Time in ordina:e ct 4·h S-.curve S~·CUfVG
hOurs OI OAH UH• a<jjltion ordinate
0 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 1
2 12 2 0 2
3 18 3 0 3
24
'
5 18 '
3
0
1 I '
4
6 12 2 2 4
7 s I 3 4
8 0 0
s. Curve·
4
problem p·
' 6.30
2 4 6 8 10
Time (h)
'
2
l
2
1
2
1.33
2.67
3 3 0 3 4.00
4 4 l 3 4.00
s 2
' 3
2 2.67
1.33
6
7 '' 4
1
0 0.00
0 2 4 6 8
Time (h)
6.31
·111c cajculmions relating to Sccurvc and d-h UH arc shown in Table p-6.31 (:1)
Table p· 6.3J(a)
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2-h UH
0 2 4 Tirnc Ih) ~
S, ·CUr'llO
0 2 4 5
Tlmc Ih) ~
4·h UH
0 2 3 4 5
Time Ih) ~
F;g. p-6.31 (a) S, Curve and 4 - h Ul:I or Problem 6.31
6.32
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5+ e 0 0 0 0
EAH
3cm I Scm
800
">- OAH
c >
>- IP"
500 500
~
300 3-00
"
'
0 2 J 4 5 6
~fhnt(h) ~
Jiig. 1>·6.32 .1£RH and Resulting ORH of Problem 6.32
6.33
(;) A=750ha=7.5km'
11= 15 min= 0.25 h
1<'. = 90 111in = 1.5 h
lag Lime Ip= 0.6 t<'. = 0.6 x 1.5 = 0.9 h
I
T,. = ( ~ +1,) = 0.125 +0.90 = 1.025 h
1\ 1.5 }
Q,. = 2.08-T= 2.08 x = 20.48 m /s
,. 1 . -)
07•
Ti.=2.61T,=2.67 x 1.025 =2.74 h (say 2.75 h)
(ii) The DRH due 10 40 mrn in IS min. on the watershed would be a triangle of
Base width = 2.75
h
Peak =4x 20.48= 81.92 nr'zs cccurring aL T,.= 1.025 h frorn c.he start of the
storm.
6.34
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Ord. of U(t)
Ot(i. QI
Time IUH lagged tceia- 2·h UH
(hi by 2 COl.3)
"\"
(m /s) hour
(m'IS)
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
I
·'able .ji .JS
u(t) l·h UH l·h UH Ord.
Ofd. Of Sum of
Time •(V, lagged lagged lagged of 3·h
1·• Cols.4,
(h) m I< by 1 by 1 by 2 UH
hour UH hOUI hou1s 5&6 (m3{s)
0 o.o o.oo o.oo o.o
1 11.0 0.0 5.50 0 5.50 1.8
2 37.0 11.0 24.00 5.50 0.00 29.50 9.8
3 60.0 37.0 48.SO 24.00 5.50 78.00 26.0
4 71.0 60.0 65.50 48.50 24.00 138.00 46.0
5 75.0 71.0 73.00 65.50 I 48.50 187.00 62.3
6 72.0 75.0 73.50 73.00 65.50 212.00 70.7
7 66.0 72.0 69.00 73.50 73.00 215.50 71.8
8 60.0 66.0 63.00 69.00 73.50 205.50 68.5
9 52.5 60.0 56.25 63.00 69.00 188.25 62.8
10 45.0 52.5 48.75 56.25 63.00 168.00 56.0
11 39.0 45.0 42.00 48.75 56.25 147.00 49.0
12 33.0 39.0 36.00 42.00 46.75 126.75 42.3
13 27.0 33.0 30.00 36.00 42.00 108.00 36.0
14 21.0 27.0 24.00 30.00 36.00 90.00 30.0
15 16.5 21.0 18.75 24.00 30.00 72.75 2-1.3
16 12.0 16.5 14.25 18.75 I 24.00 57.00 19.0
17 9.0 12.0 10.50 14.25 18.75 43.SO 14.5
18 6.0 9.0 7.50 10.50 14.25 32.25 10.8
19 3.0 6.0 4.50 7.50 10.50 22.50 7.5
20 0.0 3.0 1.50 4.50 7.50 13.50 4.5
21 0.0 0.00 I.SO 4.50 6.00 2.0
22 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.5
23 0.00 0.00 0.0
Sum• 716.00
votumeof l-h UH = 716 (m°'/s. hour) e 716 x 3600 1n3
If A= Area of catchment in km". Ax 106 x ( 1/100) = 716 x 3600
A= 257.76 km'
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
CHAPTER7
30
7.1 i= = 401nmlh
(45/60)
Catchment area A = 120 ha = 1.20 km~
By Eq. 7.2. Q,,= ( 1/3.6) x 0.3 x 40 x 1.20 = 4.0 m'ts
From given data maximum lntenshy of rainfnll of SO year return period and of
duration 67.45 min is. by interpolation .
.-
,_ IOJ.25 - 90 07
-.mn1 /h
(67.45/60)
By Eq. 7.2. Q,,= ( 113.6) x 0.2 x 2.0 x 90.07 = 10.0 m'ls
7.3 Refer to Fig. P-7.3. The coruribuuons of the runoff would be as fo1IO\\'S:
l'1bour: l.7cm/hrainon ..\
2n.j hour: 1.7 cin/11 rain on Band 1-\
3"' hour: I. 7 cmlh rain on C and B: and 1.25 cnsb rain on A
4ih hour: 1.7 c-m/h ruin on D and C : and 1.25 cm/h rain on B and A
51h hour: 1.7 cnVh rain on D: and 1.25 cn\/h rain on C. Band 1-\
The discharge :11 the end of vnlious nintervnls arc calculated by the Ra1iQn:1I
Iorrnuta.
Q,= ( 1/3.6) x 0.5 xix,\
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
•h ~ A 200 ha
! B
250ha
3h
! c 350ha
l D 170 ha
Ih
cuuet
Fig. P-7.3
At me Total O
endol o. o. 0- o. rmJls'
1h 4.014 I I 4.014
2h 4,014 8.26'1 12.276
3h 2.951 8.264 5.903 17 .116
2.951 6.076 4.722 19.652
'"
Sh 2.951 6.076
5.903
4.3~ 4.722 18.08.9
The peak rate of runoff is 19.652 nf1/s and occurs at the end of 411' hour.
. 85 ,
r1e"' = ---=
(50/60)
I 02 mm/h : A= 3 km'
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
N
L;C,A,
7.7 Equivalent runoff coefficient C; = -''~-
A
=
((0.25x 30) +(0.16 x 10) + (0.40x 60)) = 0.331
100
Area A= IOOha = 1.0 km'
~tionABCD
1( (min) 0 5 30 25
ISO m
' lsocnrones
" 450
,/
I
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 min
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~
'k,,
..
2~ 0.210
0 0.105
0 10 20 30 Time (min)
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~
g
~
0
•eE
~ ~
u
'"
c
"!
0•
-•
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 minutes
z
<(
"'
0
. c· D
'
20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20
7. JO (a) "=0.025
(b) For au occurrence of at least once in 20 years
P1 = I -(I -11)" = I - (0.975)"' = 0.397
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
(c) q = I - p = 0.975
y-V
7.12 K = -·-• where y = - In. ln(Tl(T- l)f
·'·
N T )'r Y.. s. K
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
(b) Log Pearson Type J: Tbe values of z-variate z. «tog ;I,' are calculated for
various flood magnitude as in Table 7.13(b)
Table 7.13 (b)
Year Flood s z e jca x
1963 3210 3.5065
1964 4000 3.6021
1965 1250 3.0969
1966 3300 3.5185
1967 24$0 3.3945
1968 1780 3.2504
1969 1860 3.2695
1970 4130 3.6160
1971 3110 3.4928
1972 2320 3.3655
1973 24$0 3.3945
1974 3405 3.5321
1975 1820 3.2601
Froru this. Table ;:- = 3.40763
ts. c, = 0.15552 rn.\/s and
Ill·'
C.. = Cocff't. of skew= ·0.0375. Values of Kt for C.. = -0.0375 arc read from Table
7.6 rrexn. Values ofzrandxrarc calculated by using Bqs. 7.25 and 7.26 and arc
given below.
T'years so 100 IOOO
2.034 2.299 3.038
0.3163 0.3575 0.4725
3.7240 3.7652 3.8800
5296 5823 7588
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
K = 3.8167 = y, -0.5236
1.0628
)'r = 4.57995 = • In . ln[T/(T- I )J: giving T = 98 years
Hence a return period of the design flood is 100 y~1r.s.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
T
:. T:i'= 1.001048
T = 96.4 years, say 100 years
7.18
r years Q
~•=+Ku
.,r .. ~~
4.17609 = i + 2.949 ,,,
4.00000=: +2.261 v,
0.17609 =0.688 o,
a, = 0.25595 and z = 4.000 - (2.261 x 0.25595) = 3.4213
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
r 100 1000
Yr 4.6000 6.9073
Kr 3.362 5.2815
xr 16359 22023
I
b =..,1+1.JK+l.lK· • 4.2195 6.2088
f(c) = 1.96
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
lli\ er Yarnuna:
1
y, 4.6000 6.9073
Kr 3.4735 5.4488
17298 23935
4.3344 6.3829
1982 2919
)tc) = J.96
XJ 21182 29656
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
0·6982
(>100-Yso) = 0.6982 and from (Eq. I) u,.,= 40
s,
1 tence a-,._, = 57.29
6 9073- j'
when T = I 000 year. K 1000 = · • ..
s,
" " 6.9073-4.6001 = 2.3072
1'J@- n100=
·'· .'.
2.3072
01000- 435 = "·-· = 2.3072 x 57.29 = 132
s•
7.22 N = 30 years
.t-r= X + Kro- ~-•
1200= .i+ K1()(J'7., I
1060 = .i + K$d<T,..,
(K100-Kw)o ... r= 140 .... (1)
K = 3.9019-0.5362 = 3.0257
,, 1.1124
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
R<1inrnJ1
Ord,
Curnul. 12-h l;irst lnfihr<11ion excess or
Time tif Deslgn
rainfall increment arrange- (crn in 12 o~';'Sign
(h) 12--h sequence
[cm] (cn1) flJCl11 IM>ur$.) storm
UH ltn1)
0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0
12 10.2 10.2 32 3.5 1.8 1.7
24 30.5 20.3 96 2.0 10.2 1.8 8.4
36 34.0 3.5 130 20.3 20.3 1.8 18.5
4$ 38.0 2.0 126 10.2 2.0 1.6 0.2
60 98 3.5
72 75
84 50
96 30
106 15
120 7
132 0
Note: Col. 6 rs reversed sequence cl Col. J - -
lnflhraticn loss= 0.15 cn\/h = 1.8 cm per 12 hour interval
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
7.24 I I I° o f
Carcurauon . SIonn:
Dosren
Rainfall
Cumul 12·h lnfillrali
First excess of
Time inc.re 01d. of arrange
Oesign ontcm Design
(h) 1ainlal men I 6·h UH sequence in 12
ment sto1m
(cm) (cm) hours)
(cm)
0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0
6 5.0 5.0 12.5 2.6 0.6 2.0
12 12.0 7.0 25 3.0 5.0 0.6 4.4
16 15.0 3.0 37.5 1.0 7.0 0.6 6.4
24 l 7.6 2.6 50 5.0 3.0 o.s 2.4
30 40 as
36 30
42 20
46 10
S4 0
ord. or
ord or Buse Flood
Time 6-hUH now 1-i yc.Jrogr..tph
(h) (n1l/s) 2.0 4.4 6.4 1.4 (ml/S) (m>fs)
0 0 0 20 20
6 12.S 25 0 20 45
12 25.0 50 55 0 20 125
18 37.5 75 110 80 0 20 285
24 50.0 100 165 I 60 30 20 475
30 40.0 80 220 240 60 20 620
36 30.0 60 176 320 90 20 666
42 20.0 40 132 256 120 20 566
48 10.0 20 88 I 92 96 20 416
54 0 0 44 128 72 20 264
60 0 0 64 48 20 132
66 0 0 0 24 20 44
72 0 0 0 20 20
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
I » . 0.95=(1-_I_)"
0.05=1-(I--)
T T
1' = 390 years
I
(a) O.IO•l-(1-7)': T=!Oyea.s
I
(bl 0.10=1-(I--)": T=190YearS
T .
7.28 if =1-0-.!..r
' T
When T= 11. R1=1-(1-!)"
• n(n-1) ": n(n-1)(11-2 _J A
(I -.t ) =l-11x+ ,I{ - ;r+
2! 3!
When .r = //11
I). I n r1(11-I) 11(11-1)(11-2
( I -- = --+ - +-1\
JI Jl 2!.Jll ].1rJ
= l-l+_l_ __ l__ _I_+ (Jn-2) _ _l_A
2! 2!n 3! 3!.n~ 4!
I, I I I
(1--) =1-1+---+-A =e· 1
11 2! 3! 4!
7f, = 1-e·• =I -(2.71828)'' = I· 0.3678 = 0.6322
.l:T= x + K 0-... 1
K = Yr -053622
1.1123$
975
Also, ~·r = -Hn . In J
. (975-1)
= 6.881925
K = 5.7046
.rr= 1200 + (5.7046)x650 = 4908 m'ts
7.30 X = 8520 m}/s and 0'.,.1 = 3900 1n}/s. N-= 21 years. 11 = 40 years
K= 5.5()736-0.5252 =4.657966
1.0696
.tr= 8520 + (4.657966)x 3900 = 26686 1n~/s, sav 26700 11fl/s
'
XT = C11r = 26700 nrvs: Caf = 1.3 x 26700 = 34710 111 /s . '
Safety n1argin = 34710 - 26700 = 8010 nr1/s
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Chapter 8
S (Mm')
Elev. (mj Q (rn)/s) ( 2S +Q)
299.S
300.2
4.8
5.5
0
0
'"
888.9
1018.5
300.7 6.0 IS 1126.1
301.2 6.6 40 1262.2
301.7 7.2 75 1408.3
302.2 7.9 115 1578.0
302.7 8.8 160 1789.6
Fig. p, 8. l(tl} shows the plot of Elevation us ( 2S +Q) ~and Elevation \'SQ curves. For an
!J.1
initial reservoir elevation or 300.00 the inflow hydrograph is routed through the reservoir
as in Table p-8. I.
Goodrich method: 61 = 3 hours= 0.0108 Ms
,.,
·nnH:
I 1111·'/s) Cl1 + 1,) C2S/i1U • (1 (2S/.itl+ 0
t:le!v11til.u1
(111) ~lr'ls)
0 10 995.0 300.00 0.00
3 20 30 995.0 1025.0 300.30 1.00
6 52 72 1023.0 1095.0 300.45 10.00
9 60 112 1075.0 1187.0 300.95 27.60
12 53 113 1131.8 1244.8 301.17 38.29
15 43 96 1168.2 1264.2 301.24 41.88
18 32 75 1180.5 1255.5 301.21 40.26
21 22 54 1174.9 1228.9 301.11 35.35
24 16 36 1158.2 1196.2 300.99 29.30
27 10 26 1137.6 1163.6 300.87 23.27
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
'"
"'·'
-
,.,
ElllWl!IOA\'l; ,.,,..-
g 3'11.!I
<
Oi~h.vge ~
,,.
_,,..
.g 301 Ele•'lllion~
i ~ r l12SfAl).0
... 3'!0.!I
,,. /
'" /
"'·'
'" 0 20 ... " .. ... ,,.
ou1now(Oln111i~a)
.... ... . .
•·ig. 1'-8.l(a) Basic plots for routing by Goodrich Method
Tbe inflow and omflow hydrographs are sbown in Fig. P-3. l(b). The variation of etevariun
with rime is shown in Fig. P-8. I (c}.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
60
...-
50
.§. 40
•
-
"'~
~ 30
u
.~
Q
20
10
•
O• ... .., .. ••
0
• 10 1$
Time (Hours)
20 30
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1·01C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
I
.,,,,.- -......_ I
/ --........ I
I I
/ I
~ I
-- /
• "
I
' "
Tim• (Hot,1••1 "
8.2 Goodrich Method is used for routing. A time interval of L\t = 3 hours = 0.0108 f\.1s
is chosen for routing.
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1·01C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty."
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
"'
.... lnflO\\'
..- •
•
A
•
....... 'II
·. . .y
~ •
.s~ •
• ••
•!!'
~ 30
... •
15
20
"
0
0
' ••
rme "
(.'Houts)
. "
Fig. J•·8.2(a) lnflo"' & Ourncw Hydrographs
301.6
.... 301.S
!. 301.4 -'\
s 301.3
'\. /
~ 301.i
~ 301.1
~ 301.0
" "'
300.9
300.8
"
• s •• "
Tlmo (hours)
8.3 Goodrich ~fc«hod is used for routing. A time interval of .1.t = 6 hours = 0.0216 t\.1s
is chosen for routing.
Q = JSH''~ m-'/s
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
S (Mm·')
Elev. (m} Q (nl'l/s} (2S +Q)
Ill
;5.00 0.25 0 23.1
58.00 0.65 0 60.2
60.00 J.00 0 92.6
61.00 1.25 15.0 130.7
62.00 1.50 42.4 181.3
63.00 1.$1) 78.0 244.7
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1 .. ·"'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1·01C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource materialis lot lns1ruc1or'suse onty."
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
.. • 50 ... ...
(2Sf,U).-Q
, .. 250 300
••
•• ;;;::: ••
., 62
•• ••
~ ~
60 §'
/ e
59 ~
~!I!
I
.. I
57 ~Elevtuioo vs Disdiarg!!
--Elev:ition vs (2Sf1\l)•O
57
.. • ••
SS -
30 40
Oil1eh~r9e • 0 (mtls)
5~ .. 70
••
SS
••
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource material supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
HV(ir'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
,.
•• -
/~-~- '\. ..
-+-Inflow
.. ti .. OlllHOw
•
•
,. / •
• ~',·
- . • ••
•
••
/ •
•
.
/
•
•
•
,
" Tlm.(Hours)
JO
" .
Fig. P~ 8.3(b) LnOo,,· & Oulflo'v Elydrographs
6l.O
&2.5
02.0
..... 61.5 ,. /
- .....,
! $1,0
/
-~ 00.5
/
t; 6().0
>
!! $9,5
w
59.0
/
/
58.5
/
5".0
$7,5
0 10 20 30 40 so
Time (hours)
ftcopyrlghted Ma1er1a1'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied wi1h the boOk El'lgineemo
Hyd1·01C>lly, Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1ltten by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGrav1-Hill Edvc-.a1t0n
(India) Pvt lid. This resource material is lot lns1ruc1or's use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Tim(l
(b)
0
I
(1n·'ts)
0
(11 + I:) (2..-1\/AU • Q (?S/At)+
10
Q )' (lu)
0
..
Ek,·nti
200
Q
(ln'ls)
0
2 10 10 10.00 20.00 0.67 200.67 6.67
4 2Q 30 6.67 36.67 1.78 201.78 17.78
6 30 50 1 . 11 51.11 2.74 202.74 27.41
8 27 57 ·3.70 53.30 2.89 202.89 28.86
10 24 51 ·4.43 46.57 2.44 202.44 24.3$
12 21 45 ·2.19 42.81 2.19 202.19 21.87
14 18 39 ·0.94 38.06 1.67 201.87 18.71
16 15 33 0.65 33.65 1.58 201.58 15.76
18 12 27 2. 12 29.12 1.27 201.27 12.75
20 9 21 3.63 24.63 0.98 200.98 9.75
22 6 15 5.12 20.12 0.67 200.67 6.75
24 3 9 6.63 15.63 0.38 200.38 3.75
26 0 3 8.12 11.12 0.07 200.07 0.75
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
"
" ...
..
...!.
as
:io
•
~~
•; '
'
c
c rs
" •
i5
. '
s
0
0 • .. "
Time (Hours)
'' 30
203.5
203.0
g 202.5 ....
/
·-~2020 . II ~
--
- 201.5
w / -.....
(/) 201.0 . '
3' 200.5 I/'
200.0 " ~
199.5
'
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (hours)
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3.w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
. (l,+i.) -
SinceS = KQand · =I,
2
S1- S, = K Qi-KQ, = t, tit - CQ, ;Q,l 61
'ttme I, t, =
(h) (111J/~) (l1+l1\f2 0.4 I, 0.6Q, ~f'/s)
0 0 0 0.00
2 20 10 4 0.00 4.00
60 <O 16 2.40 18.40
'6 100 60 32 11.04 43.04
B BO 90 36 25.82 61.82
10 60 70 28 37.09 65.09
12 40 50 20 39.06 59.06
"
16
30
20
35
25 10 " 35.43
29.66
49.43
39.66
18 10 15 6 23.80 29.80
20 0 5 2 17.88 19.88
22 0 0 11.93 11.93
2• 0 0 7.16 7 .16
26 0 0 4.29 4.29
28 0 0 2.58 2.58
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
As a first trial x = 0.2 is selected and values of [x I + (l·X) Q) are calculated and
ploued againsl values of S in Fig. P-8.7. As a looped curve is obtained other lrials have (O
be made, Aflel' trial and error a value of x = 0.3 is taken as final value as it gives a nearly
Slraight line. 'The best fining Slraigt1l line is Y: 0.0992 X + 17.194 \Vilh R? = 0.9947. Tile
inverse slope= K = 10.08. say JO hours.
t.\S • IC.I.~
••••'1·•
Tin1e I Q A,·1:1:tgt •6 •I s =
'h\ f1n.'!/s) 'n1;/s\ n- 0) ii. n\ l1n)/s.h\ !l\S x = 0.2 x =0.3
0 20 20 0 0 0 20 20
6 80 20 60 3() 180 180 32 38
12 210 50 160 110 660 840 82 98
18 240 150 90 125 750 1590 168 177
24 215 200 15 52.5 315 1905 203 204.5
3() 170 210 -40 ·12.5 ·75 183() 202 196
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
250
2<)0 ·•·x=.3
~ISO
-~
~
~ 100
.?!.
50
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Storage S (m11s.h)
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1.L1d. This resource material Is lot lns1ruc1o(s use onty:
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
I·
.... ·1
250
_,..
•~E • •a
-•
~
e rso •
• •
•• '
i5 100
•a
• ...
,.
0
0
•• 40
••
Tim• (hour$) ''° rao .. •••
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thin:I EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. $1.1bramanya & p1,1blished by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a11on
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Table p-8.9:
Time I
·0.25J 1, 0.449 '· 0.804 Q, Q (m'ts)
(h) (m'/s)
0 35.o 35
6 55.0 ·13.92 15.72 28.14 29.94
12 92.0 ·23.28 24.70 24.07 25.49
18 130.0 ·32.89 41.31 20.49 28.91
2• 160.0 ·40.-48 58.37 2325 41.14
30 140.0 ·3.S.42 71.84 33.07 69.49
1'able n..~8.I I
Time I 0.1304 x Q
(I,+!,) 0.7392 Qi
(h) (m3/s) (Col. 3) (m'ls)
0 10.0 0.00 10
3 40.0 50.0 6.52 7.39 I 13.91
6 70.0 t 10.0 14.34 10.28 24.63
9 62.5 132.5 17.28 18.20 I 35. .a
12 55.0 117 ,5 15.32 26.23 41.55
15 47.5 102.5 13.37 30.71 144.06
18 40.0 87.5 11.41 32.58 43.99
21 32.S 72.5 9.45 32.52 I 41.97
24 25.0 57.5 7.50 31.03 38.53
27 17.5 42.5 5.5~ 28.48 I 34.02
30 10.0 27.S 3.59 25.15 128.73
(1n·1ts)
""ilh
I • 11
ICol.6
C<1L7)
+ ••• IJI I.
(Cut& 12)
lag n1'1s
0 o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.oo o.eo
1 10.00 27.80 2.78 0.00 2.78 0.00 2.78 1.39
2 38.00 105.64 10.56 2.50 13.07 2.78 15.85 7.92
3 20.00 55.60 5.56 11.76 17.3:2 13.07 30.39 15.19
45.00 125.10 12.51 15.59 28.10 17.32 -45.-42 22.71
5 ' 32.00 88.96 8.90 25.29 34.18 28.10 62.28 31.14
6 10.00 27.60 2.78 '30.77 33.55 34.18 07.73 33.86
7 2.00 5.56 0.56 30.19 30.75 33.55 $4..29 32.15
8 27.67 27.67 30.75 58.-42 29.21
9 24.90 24.90 27.67 52.58 26.29
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
I
Time (nfl/s) 0.5386 X(lz·Q,) Q 1n3/s
0 10.00 1 o.o
1 40.00 16.t6 26.16
2 70.00 23.61 63.61
3 62.50 -0.60 69.40
4 55.00 ·7.76 54.74
5 47.50 ·3.9 51.10
6 40.00 ·6.0 41.52
7 32.50 -4.86 35.14
8 25.00 -5.416 27.04
9 17.50 ·5.14 19.86
10 10.00 ·5.31 12.19
,,,
KdQ =1-Q
dQ +aQ=a/
(II -
\\'he.n J=l(l+p1
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Q=[10+p1-p +c,·•1
a
When l =O. Q = o. Hence C = p - I6
a
Q=Pt+(P-1,)e·•_P
a a
8.15
11(1)= I (t/K)" I e ofK
r(11)K
Herc K = 6.0 and n = 4,0
rr ..) = 1'(4) = 3!=6.0
1
8. 16 11(1) = (1 / K)"-1 e·•'K
r(11)K
du
AlpeakOO\v-= I (t" I I
e ' IK (--)+e' nc1"·(11-l))=O
•
dt r(11)K" K
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
( )
111= I (I(' I K)""' -o»
r f'{rt)K "
= 1 K)~-• t·-11"
S.17 B)' Nash model 11(r) (s /
r(11)K
Hert' K = 1.69 hand 11 = 3.3. Area of Catchment= 250 km"?
f(11) = r(J.3) = 2.3x l .3x r(l .3)
(from Tobie 8.6(Tcxi))
ro .3> = o.897471
r(3.3J = 2.6834
1
11(1> in cn1/h = (s/l.69):J t!_,,.~
2.6834 x 1.69
= 0.220Sx(1 /I .69)'!J e·•11-"'
values of u(t) art calculated for various t values. Values of u(t) in m~/s are lagged
by I-hour and ordinates of l-h UI I are shown col. 5 of Table p-8.17.
u(l) u(l)
u(J) l-bour U.H.
Time
lagged by (nfl/s)
(h) (cm/h) (m'ts)
I-hour LCol.3 + Col.41/2
0 0.000 0.000 0.00
1 0.036 25.367 0.000 12.68
2 0.099 69.130 25.367 47.25
3 0.140 97.207 69.130 83.17
4 0.150 104.250 97.207 100.73
5 0.139 96.381 104.250 100.32
6 0.) 17 81.120 96.381 86.75
7 0.092 63.992 61,120 72.56
6 0.069 46.143 63.992 56.07
9 0.050 34.930 46.143 41.54
10 0.035 24.630 3'1.930 29.78
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1 .. ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
,.
13 0.011
0.007
7.631
5.008
11.472
7.631
9.55
6.32
15 0.005 3.24$ 5.006 4.13
16 0.003 2.065 3.248 2.67
17 0.002 1.326 2.085 1.71
18 0.001 0.837 1.326 1.08
19 0.001 0.525 0.837 0.68
20 0.000 0.327 0.525 0.43
a C~'.819()a
Tbl
Time{h)
' 2
Rain tall
Excess
3
jntervet
..I s
mere. Moment
6
Flrs1
7
Second
Momeni
8
Second
>.ioment
(cm)
t.u (h} area Olm mcmem (Pait· aJ (Pan • b)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 4,3 6 25.8 3 77.4 232.2 77.4
12 2.8 6 16.8 9 151.2 1360.8 50.4
18 3.9 6 23.4 15 351 5265 70.2
24 2.7 6 16.2 21 340.2 7144.2 48.6
SUM I 82.2 I 919.s I 14002.2 2.tS.6
1 2 3
Average
• 5 6 7 6
Seoond
9
Seooncl
O<d. ol OR rate Moment Momeni
Time ORH ;n bl fnervaJ lncre. Momeni First {Part . (Part .
lhl
0
6
rm31s1
0
20
tm3/$1
10
At
6
area
0
60
arm
0
3
moment
0
180
''
0
540
bl
0
180
12 140 80 6 480 9 4.320 38880 1440
18 368 254 6 I 524 15 22860 342900 4572
24 380 374 6 2244 21 47124 989604 6732
30 280 330 6 1980 27 53460 1443420 5940
36 160 220 6 1320 33 43560 1437480 3960
42 75 117.5 6 705 39 27495 1072$05 2115
48 30 52.5 6 315 45 14175 637875 945
54 10 20 8 '20 51 6120 312120 360
80 0 5 8 30 57 1710 97470 90
88 0 0 8 0 63 0 0 0
SUM 8778 3'13 221004 6372594 26334
Col. 9 e Seccnd moment of the incremental area cf DRH about it$ own centroid=
= ( 1112) x (Col. 4)' x (Col. 3)
Moo= (Sum of Col. 7)/(Sum of Col. 5) = 22100418778 = 25.18
Mu= ((Sum of Col. SJ+ (Sum ofCol.9)Jl(Sum of Col. S)
= (6372594+ 26334)18778 = 728.97
Determination or 11 and K
11K=MQi-Mn =25.18-11.19=13.99
1'ilQ2 - f\•lu = 11 (tr+ J) K~ + 2 uK ri.111
= (11K)!+ (nKJ K + 2 (nK) f\.tu
Hence 728.97 - 173.34 = ( 13.99)' + (13.99) K + (2x1399 x 11.19)
K = 46.82113.99 = 3.35 and 11 = 13.9913.35 = 4.18
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
CHAPTER9
9.4 s = 1(11P+a)
t= 9. 81 x lo':~= llEw = 1/(2.2 xJO'J cm1/N = 4.5455 x 10·1• m1/N
a= l/E~ = 1/7800 cm?/N = 1.2821 x 104 m2/N
S = 9. Six 101 x(0.32 x 4.5455 x 10·00 + 1.2821 x 104) x 30 = 3.816 x 10'3
a.= -In. Jli(" + n. ~)
=-I 0.32x4.5455xl0'" I =-00112 =-1.12 %
(1.2821l<I0~11) +(0.32x4.5455x10~11•)
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
NORTH
GJEL 158.00
e
FLOW
Al"'~~~-·~.>...:B::_~~+EAST
GL: El.160.00 GL: El. 159.00
\VT: El. 157.00 WT: El. 156.00
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" • 'ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
0
Hydl'OIO'l!Y. Thild EdifiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by McGr'3_w-Hlll Ecvc-.a1t0n
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
1oom l som I
Fig. P·9.7
1~) 20
Substituting for K,., ( J50+ x( ) = 0.707
JOL+ll JSO+L
l= 20-7.7$= J.7301
7.07
9.8 Referring to Pig. P-9.8. 111) = 30 + 15 = 45 m
11,= 10+ 15:25rn
Gross velocity V = K (h.. -h,) = 20x ( 45- 25) =0.267 rnzday
L 1500
Actual velocity of seepage= V., = Vin= 0.267/0.3 = 0.889 m/day
Time 10 travel t = (1500/0.889) = 1687 days= 4.6 years
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"'ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
--
., I I
IMP
30 m
.. 10 m IN'
h,
15 m Flow K=20m/d
150() m
h,
- "'
L L
,J:h 2R
9. 10 rt,,.; = -K
In the present case the impervious surface is ti units below the bouom or the drain.
=-- 2R
tli(h+cl)
dx: K
9.J I Refer to Fig.P-9.11. .ho= 5.0 01, lt1 = 3.0 m, l = 400 m, K = 3 mldlt)'
L.
(I) •=- R K(l1t-111:)
21~
+-
2
3 (5' -3') 400 6
100=--x +- =----i·200h
fl 2x4()0 2 10011
R = 6 x 10°" n1J/day/n1J
R
J I I t 1 l I I I I f
0 /
~ n
I\. .. 5J)m
• '· ,. 3.0m
~
L • 4COm
• • RL'
l lt~-1t·--
~ R11 'K ~
(2) Ji·=----( ]a+11·
... K L II
~ , (6xl0~)x(400)'
25_9_
11, =-6xl0 x(IOO) -r 3 ]xlOO+S'
• 3 400
Solving for 11,.,, h,,, = 5.196 m
, , Rl:
l1r,-h;--
(3) q,=K[ 2l K_]
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" • 'ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
(6xlO~)x(400)'
25_9_
q0:3x(~~~~~~~~'~~-J
2x400
= · 0.06 mJ/day/n1'''idIii
(Negative sin indicates now in (·,\')direction J
Q = 2;,KB(fl, -fl,)
9.13
ln(1~/1j)
Here K = 45 mlday = 45/(24 x 60 x 60) = 5.208 x 10" mis
= =
rr = R = 350 m: ,., r,. = 0.15 m: (h~ - lt1) = s., 4.0 m
_ 2;;x5.20SxlO-'x25x4 _004,2 ,1,_25321.1,_,,, .
Q- - . _ m .s - • 1 ersrmtnute
In (35010.15)
(b) Q, =~ =2.0
Q 3
% change in discharge= 100% increase
(c) Q,=175 =0.50
Q 35.0
% change in discharge = 50% decrease
=2;rl<8(h, -h,)
9.15 Q
ln(r:/'i)
( 2000 )= 2~Kx35x(3.0-0.3)
1000 x60 In (120112)
K= 1.293:>( 1o·'nt1s= 11.17111/day
£ ti=-
I
J: - 2:rr811
k Q
I,.
(25.S)·' -(25.0)· .-
(25.0)' - I•,'. _ In (15.0/0.225) _
ln(30.0/15.0) -.)
6 0•9
Solving hw = 19.46 m
Drawdewn at the pumping well =s.. , = (30.0 - 19.46) = J0.54 m
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9.18 Q=2100Lpm=0.035m'ls
ht= 25.0 - 4.0 = 21.0 m, rr = 90 rn,
h, = 25.0- 5.0 = 20.0 m, r1=30111
-(10.0)'
(ii,)' _ ln(40.0/0.15) = J.09IS7
(10.784)' -(10.0)' ln(25.0/0.15) ·
Solving hn= J0.853 111
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
=
At Point 8: r 40 m. aod V = _g_ = O.OI
2/frll 2'X,f"X40'X(0,853
= 3.667 x 10·'> rn/s
(H,),,= 2500 x 3.667 x 10~ = 0.00917
At Pumping "·ell: 1· = 0.15 m. and \1 = _Q_ = O.OI
'2,1"11 '2x;;rx0.J5xl0.0
= t.061x10-lmfs
.. ! ?!
(a) 0.01 =ml: x(45 -4- )
In (500/0.225)
Solving K = 9.3984 x 10·~ = 8. 12 mzdny
Q = = K(9.3984x 10-')x( 45' -39') =0.0193 on'ts = 1159 L m
In (500/0.225) p
(a) Q.• = Q" = In (500/0.225) = 0.95
Q,, 0.01 In (500/0.15)
QJu=0.95x0.0I =9.5x 1o·ln1l/s=570Lpn1
: l
(a) Q = '7xO.OOO1 x(30 - I$ ) = 0.02665 m'ls = 2.W.1 m'lda ·
In (200/0.225) l
9.23
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9.24
Q = nK(li~-h{)
Since R = CQ.
ln(CQ,lr,)
I
(451-401) n 1o.025C)
30
0025Cx , '=I
In( . - ) (45- -43·)
10
(85x5)x lnC-7.09 _ 1
8Sx2 lnC-5.9915
On solving In C = 7 .8662 and C = 2608
--~I•!~)
(-4-5-' x 1.8749 = I
45' -43' 5.6691
Solving: h11 = 27.20 and drnwdown !11 the pumping well = 45.0-27.20 = 17.80 m.
It.,= )5.67 and drawdownat the pumping well e 45.0- 15.67 = 29.33 m.
(d) R=2608Q
when Q1 = 1500 Jpm = 0.025 1u'ts. R 1 = 65.2 111
Q= [ ~ xA,]xH,
Q = 0.943 x 19.43 x 2.5 = ~.3 m·'fh
9.26 Ko =~In Hi
A r, H:
H1= 117.0- 115.70 = 1.30 rn
H1= 117.0- 114.60=2.401n
A1=are.1ofv.·cll=: x3.0l =7.0686 m2
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2·40 030661 ·1
I I n-:,
-=-
K, I
1\ 2.0 1.30
K•= 0.3066 x 7.068 = 2.167 m1/h
9.28 The drawdown is plcued against time on a semi-fog paper. Fig. P-9.28
Frorn Ibis Figure: \\'hens= 0. 1=10= 3.0 ruin = I SO s.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
i
•
~ 4,0
e 4.5
3.5
I
I
I '
I I ;
'
I I
"- <,
I I
I
0
5.0 ' ' ' I ' ' ..... '
' I I :
s.s ' ' I ...... '
e.o ' ' ' 'I '' ~
6.5
7.0
'' 'I '' '
' '
' ' ;
' I I '
'·'
Hg. J'-9.28 Drawdcwn - Time plot - problem 9.29
ln(~)=5.545 ; l6/1•=2.56and1p=0.0625h=22Ss
'•
T= Sr' = (0.0003)x(IOO)' =5.925xl0''
2.2St0 2.2Sx225 .
Q 16
s; -.f1 =-0.5= -In(-)
· 4~T 4
Q = 4• x0.5 = 4.532
r ln4
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
•,-- 4'ft,
r=3.0m t1=1h=3600s
,, s -- (3.0)' x 0.005 -- 5 625
4x0.005555x3600
ll'(u1) = ·0.5772 - ln(S.625 XlO,)
..
= 6.9059
10·•
r= IOOm t1=Sh=28800s
"=
1
,'s = (IOO)'x0.0004 =S.333xlO''
4Tt1 4x0.004)67 x28800
\V(u1) = ·0.5772 - ln(S.333 •JO')= 4.2103
.JL= 0.016667 =0.3184
4,f" T 4 x ,f" x 0.0041667
s = _g_\\1(11~)
4;ff •
-0.S772-ln11
S1l:i1 = \V(1t1)/\\1(111) =----~ 1
-0.5772-lnu:
-0.5772-lnu1 -0.5772-lnu1
Since 11=211• S1 Is~ = = --~~~---'---
• -0.5772-ln(11!/2) -0.5772+0.69315-Jnu1
-0.5712-ln111
( 0.65J0.80) = 0.8125 =
-0.11595-1011.
On solving In u1 = · 3.58085 and 111 = 0.02764
\V(u1)= ·0.571·2 - In 111 = ·0.5772 + 3.58085=3.0113
Slnces, = Q IV(u1). T = __Q_"'(u1)
4RT 4;r s,
0.02764 '
= x3.0113= 0.01024 m·/s
4 x R" x 0.65
T = 36.87 1n'n1
,.?s
111 = 0.2764 = --
4T 11
S = 0.02764 x4x0.~102x3600=4_06x10_,
(100)•
9.33
Herc since 11=300111in, 1 = 11 + r·= 300 + 1·
The Lime ratio 1/1' is calculated (as shewn in the table below) and tt semi-log plot of
s' vs 1/1' is plotted, (Fig. p-9.33}.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Fig. P-9.33 Plot c·,r residual drawdown against ume rali•) (t/t 1)
A best li11ing straight line 1hroug,h the ploued points is given by the equation
s'=0.1132 ln(tit')+O.ISSI
By Eq.(9.60) slope of the bes! fit line= 0.1132 = ,JL_
4;rT
40x24 i !
T= =674.9 m idoy = 28.1 m /h
O.l 132x4..-
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
CHAPTER 10
10.2 In I 1113ofscdimcnt:
volume of $0lid$ = (I -1>) m; where t' = pcroslty.
volume of water = p rn;
weight of solids= 850 =(I· p) x2.65 xlOOO
Hence p = 0.679
\\'eight of I m3 of sediment de-posit= (I - 0.679) x 2.65x1000 + 0.679 x 1000
= $50 + 679 = 1529 kg.
10.3 The unit weight (dry) of reservoir sediment deposit is given by Eq. 10.11 as
114
lo\',= P,.. (IV +B log'T )+ p~ (\V, +8. logT )+
J 100 I I I 00 • • I 00 (IV.I + 8l 1001·)
e,
20
IV,= (1490 )+ 35 (1265+161ogT)+ 40 (961+96.llogT)
100 100 100
II', = 1199.65 + 44.04 logT
when T = 1 year, l\'1·1=I199.65kgln1J
when T = 25 years, \Vns = 1261.2 kg/nfs
Col.4 is the I-rap efficiency corresponding 10 (11 value of Col. 3 calculated by using
Eq. (10.10). Note that forC/I >0.7. the trap efficiency= 1.0.
Col. 5 is the a.,·er:1ge trap efficiency in a step
Col. 6 is the volume of sediment deposited in the- reservoir per year during the
event represented by the step. CoL6= 0.15 x(Col. 51100)
Col. 7 is the time in years required to fill the capacity represented by the- Step.
Col.7 = Col. 2/Col.5.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
'lbc sum of the tune periods represented by Col. 7 is che rime required 10 fill the
capacity by 15 r-.11113• Thus the toUtl rime required to reduce the reservoir capacity
by 35SfJ is ·r"s = I 01.52 years = s;1y I 02 years,
92.435
Efficiency
n,
P"
year(ha·
"''
(in
Ytars)
= 1.211 Tonncsl~'tm.\
The calcutauon for esumaring me tirne to fill (0.4 x360 = 144 tvtm"J of capacity by
sediment is performed in tabular forrn (Table P. I0.9(a}&(b)).
Col.4 is the trap efficiency corresponding to Cfl value of Col. 3 calculated by using:
Eq. ( 10.10). Thus Ct)I. 4 = 6.064xln (Col.3) +JO 1.48
C-01. S is the average trap efficiency in a step
Col. 6 is the volume of sediment deposited in the reservoir per year during the
event represented by the step. Col.6 = 0.9576 x(Col. 5/100)11.211
C-01. 7 is the time in years required to fill the capacity represented by 1he step.
Col.7 = COi. 2/Col.5.
The surn of the time periods represented by Col. 7 is the tin>e required to fill the
capacity by 144 ~hn}. Thus the tout time required to reduce the reservoir capacity
by40% is T40= l94.9 years e say 195 years.
Since the value ofT.w differs from the assumed value of 175 years further trials to
refine the value of \V,,., are necessary.
tu« Triill: Take T-'0 = 195 years
II'~=1044.4+ 0.4343 x(92.285) [ {::;In 195}-1] = 1216.5 kJlim'
= 1.2165 ·ronnes/ri.im3
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
10.10 The Flow duration curve is shown plcued on a semi-log paper in Fig.P 10.10-(a)
~i
• ""
~
c
0
0•
~
;;
Q
c
...
••
2
"!--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~__,
0 to &ti to 100
Exco!Mlanco Probabilily (,.)
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
1.ooe.o1
,..,..,,.
1i!0 -,., 1.00E..o5
..J ~
a:-e ~c ,..,i;.o.
$
c c
;r I-0
$
~-
en
1.00E..-03
1.00E..-02
1.ooE.01
10 100 1000 1000l
Water Discharge (m3fs)
.
a c ... 1010
Thi
1 2 3 • 5 6
Ex.pee1ed
7
>.iean -SeC11mel'll
Exceedence Dally Sediment Load per Volume of
Frequency Interval >.1idpoitu Discharge Discharge day Wa1erflow
ranae !%) f%l f%l (Cumec} (Tonnes/davl fTonnes) (cumec.dau\
"''X"''llOO f41Xf21fl00
0.5·1.S 1 1 2550 350000 3500.0 25.5
1.5·5.0 3.5 3.25 1275 14$673 5133.6 44.6
5.0·10.0 5 7.5 945 105744 5287.2 47.3
10.0·15.0 5 12.5 700 54439 2722.0 35.0
15·20 5 17.5 600 39996 1999.8 30.0
20-30 10 25 450 22497.5 2249.8 45.0
30·40 10 35 325 15934 1593.4 32.5
40-50 10 45 200 8323 832.3 20.0
50-65 15 57.5 137.5 4$41 696.2 20.6
65·80 15 72.5 77.5 I $70.$ 235.6 11.6
80·90 10 es 40 241 24.1 4.0
90·95 5 92.5 27.8 72 3.6 1.4
95·99.9 4 97.45 20 2• 1.0 0.8
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lnTable. P-10.10:
The h)tal expected mean daily suspended sediment load is 24278Tl)nnes. obtained as the
sum or C-01.6 values.
Over one year. suspended sediment load yield is = 365 x 24278 = 886J470Tonnes= say
8.86 rvtilliou Tonnes
Thus suspended sediment Load yield= 8.86~1illion Tonne-sfyear.
Bed load (at 10% of suspended load yield)= 0.10 x 8.86 = 0.886 Million Tonnes
Total sediment yield = 9.75 C\fillion Tonnes/year
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0
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
Table P-10 . II
volume Time
Capacity Average of IO fill
c Trap Trap Sedemem t.C
(in Efficiency Efficiency Deposited (in
C\•lm3) 6C C/I I\, I\, oer vcar Years)
ISO 0.45 96.6
160 20 0.40 95.9 96.28 2.902937 6.9
140 20 0.35 95.1 95.52 2.879962 6.9
125 IS 0.31 94.4 94.77 2.857395 S.2
117 8 0.29 94.0 94.23 2.840988 2.8
21.9
·22
Sav rears
In Table P· 10.11:
Col. I gives lhe capacily of lhe reservoir. The decrease in the capacily due to
sedimentation is considered in 5 sleps.(Steps need not be equal)
Col. 2 is me decrease in capacity between two successive steps.
Col.3 is chc Capacity - Inflow ratio m tbe beginning of lhe step. Col.3 =Col. I 1400
Col.4 is the trap efficiency corresponding to C/I value of Col. 3 calculated by using
Eq. (I 0.10). Thus Col. 4 = 6.064xlo(Col.3) + 101.48
Col. 5 is me average trap efficiency in a step
Col. 6 is the volume of sediment deposited in the reservoir per yc~1r during lhe
event represented by the step. Col.6 = 3.00 x(Col. 51100)!0.995
Col. 7 is the lime in )'enrs required IQ fill the capacity represented by the step.
Col.7 =Col. 2/Col.5.
The sum of the rime periods represented by Col. 7 is the time required to fill the
capacity by 63 f\11113. Thus the toU1I time required to reduce the reservoir capacity
by 35% is T }S = '21. 9 years = Sil)' 22 years.
Since the value of T3s differs frorn the assumed value of 21 years by a very small
value TJs = 22 years can be adopted.
ftcopytlghted Maletial'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with lhe boOk El'lgineemo
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
10.12 From the given elevation daia calculate the correspcndlng height above the bed
level of 560.52 mas shown Table P· 10.12.
Table P-10.12
Height
Elov:ition Capacity in 1bovo bed
<ml Area thal tha.ml lml
560.52 0 0 0.00
56225 19.42 11.8 1.83
563.27 47.75 41.8 2.75
563.88 62.32 75.3 3.36
56'1.18 79.72 96.5 3.66
564.49 96.72 123.8 3.97
565.10 137,59 194.6 4.56
555.55 191.41 268.7 5.03
566.93 366.64 647.2 6:41
568.45 513.95 1313.3 7.93
569.97 679.06 2217.1 9.45
Plot in 3 log - log paper the height above bed as ordinate and the capacity as
abscissa. fig.P-10.12. Draw :1 best fining. straigfu through the ploued points and
measure the slope of ihe line using linear scale. ·111e slope is the value of 111 and is
found to be 3.2.
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Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
100
-.,
E
..,
.,>
.<>
.I I
1.11
I
I ..
I
I_ "11
.
..-
0
.<>
10 ..
-· ~· . .. ........ - ~· --
.c . ..
' .. • "
"'
·a; I I
~
I
J:
ftcopytlghted Ma1et1a1'" ·"ACd~iona1 resource mate1ial s1.1pplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
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SOiution Manuat to Eno1neer1ng Kydrology, Third EchUon .,Y Dr. K. S11~am,nya
....,., .. - • s • • • 13
••
1 2 3 1 I
.
10
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"'Copyriglltod M~erlar ·"Ad:tlbn11ltet.0uree ma!et.t.11 s~)ell wtll ee bo:ii. £19n<!etroq M,Volcqy. Tllhll Edi!lonw!lnen by Or. IC. S11br11m:i!!p
& pll?ll!iflod flyMcGfilw.H!I Ed~~n(ltt:lll) P1>1. lid. llllli re~ ll'llllOflllllli lo1 hlli!NCl11f5 use cnly."
Solution Manual lo Engineering Hydrology, Third Edition by Dr. K. Subramanya
ftcopytlghted Maletlal'" ·"ACd~ional resource mate1ial supplied with the boOk El'lgineemo
Hydl'Oll:>l!Y. Thin:I EcMiOl'l w1lt1en by Or. K. Subramanya & published by MCGr'3.w-Hlll ECvc-.a1t0n
{India) Pv1. L1d. This resource material Is lot lns1ruc1o(s use onty: