Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pass the
Message
What is your
reflection about
the activity?
Quid est veritas?
Questions of
Truth and Opinion
Correspondence Theory
The oldest model of truth.
It can be traced back to Aristotle and
Plato
Proven
A Statistics
scientific law
history book
Governmental
Measurements
law
Mathematics An observation
Note : None of these authorities are fool proof, but information that they provide
is considered to be fact.
Separating Fact from Opinion
Fact Opinion
– Objective – Subjective
– States reality – Interprets reality
– Can be verified – Can NOT be
– Presented with verified
unbiased words – Presented with
value words
“Spinach is a form of
iron.” “Spinach tastes awful.”
Lets Look at Some Examples of
Facts
Facts Must Have a Reliable Authority
John F. Kennedy was History Book
President 1961-1963
The adult human body Science
has 206 bones
56% of US gun Deaths Statistic
are suicides
21 is the legal drinking Governmental
age in Cincinnati, OH Law
More Examples of Facts
What About Observations?
excellent
Apparently,
necessary.
It is likely All of these words
are hints that
there is an opinion
It is unfair present.
Types of Opinions
Though many scientists believe that these theories are true, we still
consider them to be opinions rather than facts because they have not
been proven.
Relativity
Getting the Facts About Opinions
An opinion is not necessarily wrong, it is merely not a provable fact.
For example:
Value Statements are often opinions attempting to sway the reader to a certain belief.
Types of Opinions:
Statements of Exaggeration
An exaggerated statement is one that embellishes the facts,
often to sway the reader. Here are two examples
Writers often use exaggeration to make their point more clear. They are still opinions.
Note Biased Words to Identify
Opinions
Look for biased words. They express opinions,
value judgments and interpretations and are
often loaded with emotion.
Maybe Successful
Perhaps Necessary
- Maybe - Perhaps
- Successful - Necessary
- Best/Worst - Apparently
- Experts Agree - Probably
Biased Words
awful favorite
amazing frightful
better fun
best horrible
bad miserable
beautiful never
believe probably
disgusting think
exciting smart
Example:
1. Opinion
2. Opinion
3. Fact
4. Opinion
5. Fact
Evaluate the Context of the
Passage
6. F/O His name and title are factual, but the value
word greatest is an opinion.
7. F This statement can be verified in historical
records.
8. O The word probably makes this a statement of
opinion.
9. F This statement can be checked and verified as
true.
10. F This is a factual statement that something
isn’t known.
Evaluate the Context of the
Passage
11. Opinion
12. Fact
13. Opinion
14. Opinion
15. Fact
Evaluate the Context of the
Passage
16. Opinion
17. Fact
18. Opinion
19. Opinion
20. Fact
Facts
&
Opinion
Chapter Review