GOD IS GOOD ALL THE TIME

● Prayer
God Our Father
Be with us today
As we are living together
Loving you and each other
And learning in Christ
To follow your way.
We make our prayer
Through Christ our Lord
Amen.
Good Day Everyone!
Mrs. Cortez Intro to Philo Class
 Activity 1: Let’s Ponder
Which of the Following Statements are true?
1. The sun is the Center of the solar system.
2. Asia is the largest continent in the world.
3. God made the world in seven days.
4. Man has the right to life, liberty. And the pursuit of happiness.
5. China’s continued presence in the Spratlys is a violation of
international war.

Guide Questions:
1. Were you able to easily judge the truthfulness of the statements? Why?
2. Which of the statements are obviously true? Which ones required more
thought of determine their truthfulness?
3. Which of these statements may be true for others but not true in your
judgement?
Module 2.1 Lesson 1:
Knowledge and Truth
Mrs. Marites P. Cortez
What is Epistemology?
● The study of nature and scope of knowledge
and justified belief.
● The study of our method of acquiring
knowledge.
● The study of how knowledge is relates to truth,
belief, and justification.
● It investigates the origin, nature, method, and
limits of human beings.
Nature of Knowledge
❏ Miss Rand’s definition gives us two ways:
● First, we can acquire knowledge using our senses: seeing,
hearing, tasting, feeling, smelling. How do you know that
the table is brown? Because you see it. How do you know
that fire is hot? Because you feel it. This method of
acquiring knowledge is called empiricism and it has many
adherents in the history of philosophy such as John Locke,
George Berkley, David Hume.
● Second, we can acquire knowledge by thinking with the use
of our minds (what philosophers call the rational faculty).
This is what rationalism advocates. (Some well-known
rationalists in history are Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza
and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz).
Acquiring Knowledge
● Reality
● Perception
● Concept
● Proposition
● Inference
Nature of Truth
❏ Philosophy tries to discover the nature of truth as well as
the nature of knowledge.
❏ Nature- The essence, quality. Attribute of a particular
situation, event or thing.
❏ Nature of Truth-Factors that make a particular situation is
true.
-Product of Fantasy.
Factors that makes something iture:
● It must have an oppisite.
● Percievable (things has an opposite)
● Encourage us to believe
● It has always an appearance or reality.
● It may also be a product of fantasy.
❏ Nature of Knowledge- just a product of truth, produces
ability.
The Correspondence theory of truth
● The Dominant Theory, especially popular with empiricists.
● Correspondence Theory Proposes that a proposition is true
if it corresponds to the facts.
Exampdle: “ The apple is sitting on the table” can be true
only if the apple is in fact sitting on the table.
● Often traced back to Thomas Aquinas’ version: “A judgement
is said to be true when it conforms to the external reality”.
(Summa Theologiae, Q. 16)
Also leaves room for the idea that “true” may be applied
to people (a ‘true friend’) as well as to thoughts.
● Two main versions of Correspondence Theory: Object- based
and fact- based (Currently Prominent).
The Coherence Theory of Truth:
➢ Coherence Theory- A proposition is true if it fits our overall
set of beliefs.
➔ Coherence is not sufficient for truth- Some things make
sense but they are not truth (Oliver Stone’s J.F.K. Theory).
➔ Coherence cannot exclude crazy beliefs- Moon missioins
were faked to make the Earth look round.
➔ Coherence may lead to complacency- Reject what doesn’t fit
(Counterintuitive in science for Progress).
The Correspondence theory of truth
● The Pragmatic Theory of Truth says that a statement is true if and only if
a person’s believing it helps them to achieve one or more of their goals.
● Leads to relativism: The idea that statements could be true for one
person buto for another.
● Problematic for other reasond too- There seem to be many false
statements such that believing them will help someone achieve one of
their goals.
● For Example:
➢ A Belief that “ The job interview is at 10 am” when it is really at 10:30 am,
and the bus that would get me to the interview by 10:20 am has broken
down.
➢ A belief that “There are no cigarettes in the glove-boz of my car” when
there are cigarettes in the glove-box of my car, and I want to quit
Smoking.
Activity 2: Essay
Thank You And God
Bless Us All..