General Science Note 1

Some Questions

1. The element present in the largest amount in rocks and minerals is–
(a) Carbon
(b) Silicon
(c) Hydrogen
(d) Aluminium

Answer: b

2. The metal that is present in Photo Films is–

(a) Mercury
(b) Platinum
(c) Magnesium
(d) Silver

Answer: d

3. Which of the following is in liquid form at room temperature?

(a) Cerium
(b) Sodium
(c) Francium
(d) Lithium

Answer: c

Note:- The only liquid elements at standard temperature and pressure are bromine
(Br)and mercury (Hg). Although, elements caesium
(Cs), rubidium (Rb), Francium (Fr) and Gallium (Ga) become liquid at or just
above room temperature.

4. The property of a substance to absorb moisture from the air on exposure

is called–
(a) Osmosis
(b) Desiccation
(c) Efflorescence
(d) Deliquescene

Answer: d
5. Which of the following elements is non-radioactive?
(a) Uranium
(b) Thorium
(c) Plutonium
(d) Zirconium

Answer: d

6. Brass gets discoloured in air due to the presence of which gas in air–
(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Oxygen
(c) Hydrogen Sulphide
(d) Nitrogen

Answer: c

7. The fastest acting enzyme in the biological kingdom is–

(a) lipase
(b) amylase
(c) carboxypeptidase
(d) carbonic anhydrase

Answer: d

8. Lightening cause rainfall because–

(a) It cause combination of oxygen and nitrogen
(b) Some of the gas molecules become bigger
(c) It activate H2O molecule
(d) Photo-electricity reaction starts

Answer: c

9. Polythene is industrially prepared by the polymerisation of–

(a) methane
(b) styrene
(c) acetylene
(d) ethylene

Answer: d

10. Nitrification means–

(a) Liquifaction of nitrogen
(b) Convert the atmospheric nitrogen to effective nitrogen compound.
(c) Production of nitrogen from air
(d) Conversion of nitrogen to nitric acid.

Answer: b

Q11. When a magnet is suspended freely it always aligns itself in which

direction?
(a) North
(b) N-S
(c) N-W
(d). N-E

Answer: b

Some important Notes:-

1. Important Units of Measurement:

Electric Current: Ampere

Wave length of light: Angstrom

Electric charge: Faraday

Magnetic induction: Gauss

Magnetic Flux: Maxwell

Electric Charge: Coulomb

Electric Resistance: Ohm

Electric Tension: Volt

Power: Watt

Intensity of Sound: decibels

Temperature: Celsius, Kelvin,Farenheit

Atmospheric Pressure: Bar

Quantity of heat: Calorie

Force: Dyne, Newton

Work or Energy: Joule

 2. Common Names of Some Chemical Compounds...

Common Name Chemical Name Formula

baking soda sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3

sodium bicarbonate
bleach (liquid) sodium hypochlorite or NaClO

hydrogen peroxide H2O2

bleach (solid) sodium perborate NaBO3
Borax sodium tetraborate Na2B4O7.10 H2O
decahydrate
brimstone sulfur S
cream of tartar potassium hydrogen tartrate KHC4H 4O6
Epsom salt magnesium sulfate MgSO4.7 H2O
heptahydrate
graphite carbon C
gypsum calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4.2 H2O
laughing gas dinitrogen oxide N2O
lime calcium oxide CaO
limestone calcium carbonate CaCO3
marble calcium carbonate CaCO3
MEK ethyl methyl ketone CH3COC2H5
oil of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4
plaster of paris calcium sulfate hydrate CaSO4. H2O
potash potassium carbonate K2CO3
quartz silicon dioxide SiO2
quicksilver mercury Hg
salt sodium chloride NaCl
salt substitute potassium chloride KCl
saltpeter potassium nitrate KNO3
slaked lime calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
sugar sucrose C12H22O 11
TSP (trisodium phosphate) sodium phosphate Na3PO4
washing soda sodium carbonate Na2CO3. 10 H 2O
decahydrate
 3. SOME EQUIPMENTS USED TO TRANSFORM ENERGY

1. DYNEMO is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

2. CANDLE is used to convert chemical energy into light and heat energy.
3. MICROPHONE is used to convert sound energy into electrical energy.
4. LOUDSPEAKER is used to convert electrical energy into sound energy.
5. SOLAR CELL is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy.
6. TUBE LIGHT is used to convert electrical energy into light energy.
7. ELECTRIC BULB is used to convert electrical energy into light and heat
energy.
8. BATTERY is used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
9. ELECTRIC MOTOR is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical
energy.
10. SITAR is used to convert mechanical energy into sound energy.

Some Questions:

1. Ozone hole refers to

A. hole in ozone layer
B. decrease in the ozone layer in troposphere
C. decrease in thickness of ozone layer in stratosphere
D. increase in the thickness of ozone layer in troposphere

2. Plants receive their nutrients mainly from

A. chlorophyll
B. atmosphere
C. light
D. soil
3. Most highly intelligent mammals are
A. whales
B. dolphins
C. elephants
D. kangaroos

4. Photosynthesis takes place faster in

A. yellow light
B. white light
C. red light
D. darkness

5. Pyorrhoea is a disease of the

A. nose
B. gums
C. heart
D. lungs
Pyorrhoea, or periodontal disease, to give it a proper medical term, is a disease of the
gums, it is one of the most widely prevalent diseases. It affects the membrane
surrounding the roots of the teeth and leads to loosening of the teeth, pus formation,
and shrinkage of the gum. This disease is the primary cause for tooth loss among adults.

6. Potato is a modified form (outgrowth) of

A. root
B. stem
C. fruit
D. leaf
 7. Plants developing in dry conditions are
A. xerophytes
B. mesophytes
C. lithophytes
D. hydrophytes

8. Normal adult human male has

A. 10 gram of haemoglobin/100 gram of blood
B. 14 gram of haemoglobin/100 gram of blood
C. 18 gram of haemoglobin/100 gram of blood
D. 24 gram of haemoglobin/100 gram of blood

9. Photosynthesis is a process
A. reductive and exergonic
B. reductive and catabolic
C. reductive, endergonic and catabolic
D. reductive, endergonic and anabolic

10. Radish is a
A. bulb
B. conn
C. modified root
D. tuber

11. Most common disease of poultry in India is

A. fowl pox
B. tick fever
C. ranikhet
D. coryza

12. Mumps is a disease caused by

A. fungus

B. bacterium

C. virus

D. None of these

13. Pulses are a good source of

A. carbohydrates
B. fats
C. proteins
D. vitamins

14. Oxygen in our blood is transported by a protein named

A. haemoglobin
B. keratin
C. collagen
D. myoglobin

15. Mutation is
A. a factor responsible for plant growth
B. a change which affects the offspring of F 2 generation only
C. a change that is inherited
D. a change which affects the parents

Answer: 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-b, 5-b, 6-b, 7-a, 8-b. 9-d, 10-c,11-c, 12-c ,13-c, 14-a, 15-c