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Please note: This lab report includes information re: X-Linked inheritance. You may want to
refer to Textbook Chapter 6 (Section 6.4 Non-Mendelian Inheritance) to help you answer some
of the questions.
Learning Outcomes:
Understanding how traits are passed on from parents to their offspring and what causes
variation between siblings.
Understanding and predicting the phenotypes of offspring with given genotypes using
genetic crosses.
Learning about dominant and recessive alleles, and how they play a part in an individual's
biological make-up.
1. What two colours are often hard to distinguish in people who are colour blind? (1 mark)
Green and Red
3. Zygotes are haploid cells which carry genetic information from a parent to their
offspring (1 mark)
☐ True
☒ False
4. Hybridization is the mating of two individuals from different breeds which are
genetically distinct. (1 mark)
☒ True
☐ False
5. Using a separate piece of paper, complete Punnett square for the cross of a pure black
mouse (aa) with a pure brown mouse (AA). What would you predict the genotypes of
the offspring would be? (1 mark)
6. How many of the mice in the Punnett square from question #5 would have black fur? (1
mark)
☒0%
☐ 25%
☐ 50%
☐ 100%
☐ True
☒ False
9. The gene for colour blindness is located on which chromosome? (1 mark)
The X chromosome
10. In your own words, describe the term ‘carrier female’? (1mark)
A carrier female has the recessive trait on one of her X chromosomes, meaning she
could possibly give that trait to her offspring. However, she herself is not affected by the
trait, being recessive.
11. Describe the evidence that shows that colour blindness is a recessive trait. (1 mark)
Colorblindness is a recessive trait because it has to have both X chromosomes with the
colorblindness trait for a female to be affected. Therefor it is not dominant.
12. In the simulation, Joseph couldn’t distinguish between the red and the green ice-cream.
What was Joseph’s genotype? (1 mark)
☐ Xc Xc
☒ XC Y
☐ XN XC
☐ XN Y
13. Imagine that Joseph marries a woman named Shelley who is a carrier of the colour blind
gene. Complete the Punnett Square to predict if their children would be colour blind (4
marks).
Joseph’s Alleles
XC Y
Shelley’s Alleles
XC
XC XC XC Y
XN
XC XN XN Y
14. Using your results of the Punnet Square above, what percentage of Joseph and Shelley’s
female children would be colour blind? (1 mark)
☐0%
☐ 25%
☒ 50%
☐ 100%
15. Colour blindness is more commonly observed in males. Why is this? (1 mark)
Colour blindness is more common in males because its an X -linked trait. Therefor
females have to have both X chromosomes with the colour-blind genotype, where
males only need 1.
16. Can you name another trait that has the same inheritance pattern as colour blindness?
Hint: use your textbook for more information. (1 mark)
Hemophilia A. A disorder where the blood cannot clot properly because there is a
deficiency of a clotting factor called Factor VIII. Hemophilia is an X-linked trait.