Axial Compressor

Analysis CFX

Hector Ivan Hidalgo Rodriguez

15110157

23/03/2018

University Polytechnic of Chihuahua

Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Objective of Study ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Literature ...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Assumptions ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Free Body Diagram Schematic ..................................................................................................................... 5
Mesh Specifications 3D ................................................................................................................................ 5
Theory about axial compressor ................................................................................................................... 5
Hand calculations ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Enclosure details .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Fluid details .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Results........................................................................................................................................................... 7
Graph Momentum and Mass & Turbulence................................................................................................ 8
Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................... 9
Appendix..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Introduction
The compressor is a machine that can be used to make an energy to a compressible fluid, usually
in the form of pressure. The basic effects of a compressor are: increase the pressure and deliver
a mass or volumetric flow.
The mi The change of area in the flow section of a compressor is very small, otherwise it can be
caused. Put in the flow separation of the walls (vanes or flow ring) under the action of an adverse
pressure gradient’s of the blades of the rotor is increases air speed and the dynamic pressures.
The design of the Blades, in the inlet would be more longer and in other blades would be small.
The compressor has two stages, one in the rotor and the other in the stator, the stage of a
compressor is composed of a grid of blades in the rotor followed by a grid of blades in the stator
and the working fluid passes through. You are without significant changes in the radius. (distance
between the base and the tip of the blade).
Rotor carries moving blades. Stator has stationary rows of blades, which convert kinetic energy
of air into pressure energy and redirect the flow at an angle suitable for entry to the next row of
moving blades.
The change of area in the flow section of a compressor is very small, otherwise it can be caused.
Put in the flow separation of the walls (vanes or flow ring) under the action of an adverse pressure
gradient. Axial compressors are characterized by lower pressure ratio per stage at higher mass
flow rates compared to centrifugal compressors; and hence these machines are preferred for
civil and military aero engines as well as for industrial gas turbines.
Objective of Study
 The student must analyze the Fluid Flow CFX
 Create a boundary for our piece
 The student must learn to analyze the graph of turbulence and momentum and mass
 Learn to identify the variables like: pressure, speed air
 Learn about the lines flow, pressure center
 Analyze the directions flow around axial compressor.
 Study changes of pressure of the air flow

Literature
1. Aerodynamics- Houghton y Carpenter- Book
2. Aircraft design – Ajoy Kumar Kndu – Book
3. Thermal machines – Notebook – Engineer Camara

Assumptions
1. The outlet pressure as 0.94 atm.
2. The air flow velocity as 250 m/s
3. Velocity of the rotor considered static.
4. Boundary is cylinder
5. The rotor is inlet
6. The stator is outlet
7. It is compressor axial
8. There wasn’t considered any material properties for the compressor.
9. Turbulence as 10 %
10. Pressure in outlet as 0.94 atm
11. The temperature of the air flow as 25 °C
12. The edge of the blade in the inlet zone is 30 °
13. The edge of the blade in the outlet zone is 20 °
 Free Body Diagram Schematic

Out

Boundary

Inlet Velocity Outlet pressure

as 250 m/s as 0.95 atm

Int

Mesh Specifications 3D
Node Elements Method
322707 1821822 Automatic

Theory about axial compressor

The axial compressors by their configuration, performance and ease of coupling of several steps
have become important in the use of jet engines. The compressor is a machine that serves to
gain energy to a compressible fluid, usually in the form of pressure

.
In the blades of the rotor the absolute speed of the air increases and in those of the stator
decreases until increasing its initial speed. As a result of this, there is an increase in the kinetic
energy in the mobile blades and a decrease in the fixed blades. What happens is that the kinetic
energy transmitted to the air in the rotor is transformed into energy in pressure in the stator.
For the design of the blades it is necessary to relate the required sensitivity to the speeds of each
staggering of the compressor. It is considered that the flow occurs in the tangential plane at the
height of the means of the blade, where the rotor speed occurs twice the speed and rotation.

Hand calculations
There is a velocity triangle that describes how the air flows, so describe the edges about inlet
and outlet of the blades. And vectors for the rotors and stators.

Inlet Outlet
V2

V1 Β2
Axis Ca2
Β1 A2
Axis
Ca1
U
Α1
C2

C1

C1.- Absolute velocity of inlet

B1.- Angle of blade inlet

A1.- Angle of air flow

V1.- Relative velocity

Ca1.- Axial velocity

U.- Tangential velocity of the blade

 Of the triangles of speed you get the following equations:
𝑈
= 𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝐴1 + 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐵2
𝐶𝑎
Where:

Ca = Ca1 = Ca2 this is the axial velocity because this velocity is constant around the steps. If you
remember the specific work (W) is given by:

𝑊 = 𝑈(𝐶𝑤2 − 𝐶𝑤1)
𝑊 = (𝑈 𝐶𝑎)(𝑇𝑎𝑛 𝐴1 + 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝐵2)
This energy of inlet it will be absorb before increases the pressure an velocity of the air.

Enclosure details
Shape Boolean Target Bodies Axis X Axis Y Axis Z
operation
Cylindrical Subtract All bodies 0.4 in 0.4 in 0.4 in

Fluid details
Fluid Entry Entry pressure Inlet settings Outlet Turbulence
temperatur settings
e
Air 25 °C 1 atm Velocity as Pressure as 10 %
250 m/s 0.94 atm

Results
Pressure Velocity Pressure #Points #Points #Points
contour streamline Gradient Streamline Pressure Streamline
streamline Velocity Turbulence
𝑚 𝐾𝑔
Maximum 3.964 Mpa 1829 4.311𝑥108 800 100 100
𝑠 𝑚2 𝑠 2

𝑚 𝐾𝑔
Minimum -1.185 Mpa 2.532 9.823𝑥104 800 100 100
𝑠 𝑚2 𝑠 2
Graph Momentum and Mass & Turbulence

Graph Momentum and Mass

Graph Turbulence
Conclusions

As the objective of this analysis is to increase the dynamic pressure, since that is the function of
the compressor, since the air flow enters axially to the compressor, crossing the blades. For the
design of the blades was based on the theory of the triangles of speeds. In the analysis it can be
observed that by the middle of the flow lines, the particles enter with the entry speed, 250 m s.
When making contact with the blades it loses speed, but as they move along the blades the speed
increases the dynamic pressure.
In this analysis the compressor is not compressing, because when the air hits the entrance blades,
its speed decreases, causing an increase in pressure, however since the compressor is totally
static, the fluid will not compress but decompress , performing the function of a turbine. The
parameters to design the blades, it is in the triangles of the speeds, should be considered a beta
angle, which tells us how much curvature we have our blades. As well as the size of the rope and
the distance of one blade with respect to another.
The input and output parameters are controlled, forcing the inlet pressure into the of 1 atm and
output 0.94 atm. The general design of an axial compressor, focuses on that the blades are
decreasing, since theoretically and experimentally, when passing the fluid through the blades,
whichever is smaller than the area where it passes, the temperature increases causing an
increase in the dynamic pressure, and makes the speed decrease.
The design of this compressor, is decreases the size of the rope the blades, however it has the
same edge. The number of Blades it is very important, put few blades the fluid it won’t compress
and if you put too much blades el fluid will completely stop. It is provoking a deformation in the
blades or the compress.
The Boundary it help us to maintain the streamline of the fluid very close to the blades of
compressor, for observing how the streamlines flow around the compress, so it was analyzed the
pressure of gradient.
Appendix

Figure 1. Contour 1

Figure 2. Volume rendering pressure

 Figure 3. Velocity streamline

Figure 4. Pressure Gradient streamline