Manufacturing Lab Manual

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

II Year BTech/BE (Mechanical)
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I

MEC/EMEC2930
MEC/EMEC2930
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
ROTOR-I
1) a) To categories the given components into:
(i) Magnetic and non-magnetic materials;
(ii) Metallic and non-metallic materials;
(iii) Thermoplastics and thermo-sets; and
(iv) Ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
b) To identify the ferrous alloys through spark and sound tests.
2) (a) To determine the electrode consumption rate (ECR) at various current densities for
electric arc welding process.
b) To study the quality of the weldment by joining metallic components of different
thickness at various current densities.
3) To design and produce patterns for the given engineering products incorporating the
shrinkage & draft allowances:
(i) Single piece solid type; &
(ii) Spilt pattern.
4) To perform the following experiments in Sand Testing Lab:

a) Determine the affect of ramming on various properties of moulding sand.
(i) Moisture Content;
(ii) Permeability Number;
(iii) Hardness of Sand Mould;
(iv) Crushing and Shearing Strength of the Sand Mould; and
b) Find out:
(i) Clay Content; and
(ii) AFS Grain Fineness Number of the given Moulding Sand.
2
ROTOR-II
1) To study the effect of forces on the lateral & longitudinal deformation during forging of the
given component.
2) To identify the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welded part through visual inspection
method.
3) a) To identify and study the various phases in microstructures of the following standard
specimen:
(i) High Carbon Steel;
(ii) Brass; &
(iii) Cast Iron.
b) Determine the spring back factor of sheet metal using:
(i) V-block; and
(ii) Bending Die.
c) To study the effect of bending along and across the grains of the given sheet metal.
d) To perform non-destructive test (dye penetration) on a test specimen and comment on the
results.
4) To produce the castings for different mould hardness (ramming intensities) and find out the
defects.
3
4
B.TECH./BE II YEAR

AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT No: 1
Name………………………………………S. No…………...Section………….
College No………………………………...Enrol. No……….…………………
Date of Experiment………………………..Date of Submission ………………
OBJECT:
a) To categories the given components into:
(i) Magnetic and non-magnetic materials;
(ii) Metallic and non-metallic materials;
(iii) Thermoplastics and thermo-sets; and
(iv) Ferrous and non-ferrous materials.
b) To identify the ferrous alloys through spark and sound tests
EQUIPMENTS/TOOLS USED:
S. No. Name Specification Make
PROCEDURE
1. Physical test
a. Hold one single piece of the test specimen.
b. Note the colour of the specimen.
c. Compare the relative density of the specimen.
d. Repeat the test for each specimen.
5
2. Effect of heat test
b. Put it against the hot open hearth furnace.
c. Note the deformation of the specimen due to heat.
d. It is deforms, the specimen may be thermoplastic.
e. Repeat the test for each specimen.
3. Sound test
a. Hold one single piece of the test specimen. Raise the piece to a sufficient height
so that when dropped on the hard surface of the ground should produce a clear
sound.
b. Drop the specimen.
c. Note the sound.
4. Spark test
a. Hold one single piece of the test specimen. Switch on a pedestal grinder.
b. Hold the test specimen against the rotating grinding wheel.
c. Sparks can be observed when the specimen touches the rotating grinding wheel.
d. Take the photograph of the spark and note the colour and length etc of the spark.
e. Repeat the test for each specimen.
5. Magnetic test
b. Hold the specimen against a magnet or hold a magnet against the specimen.
c. If the magnet / specimen are attracted, the specimen is magnetic.
6
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
1. Physical test
a. The surface of the specimen should be clean from oil, grease, rust or oxides etc.
b. The body of the person should be away from the specimen lest the specimen may
roll and hurt the person.
2. Effect of heat test
a. Each student should use apron while performing the experiment.
b. The body of the person performing the test should be away from the furnace.
3. Sound test
b. While dropping the specimen on a hard surface of ground, the person who is
performing the experiment should kept it away from his body, so that, it may not
hit his toes.
c. While dropping the specimen on a hard surface of ground, the person who is
performing the experiment should kept it away from the bodies of any of his
fellows, so that, it may not hit their toes.
4. Spark test
b. The specimen should be held firmly lest it may thrown away and hurt anyone.
c. The body of the operator should be kept away from the rotating grinding wheel.
d. The body of the operator should be kept away from the sparks coming out.
e. Each of the students should be away from the range of the spark.
f. Student should not use synthetic clothes while performing the experiment. They
may catch fire.
5. Magnetic test
a. The magnet and specimen should not be stroked with each other.
7
OBSERVATIONS:
(a) Physical Tests
S. Sample Specimen Colour Relative density Effect of Magnetic Remark

No. specimen name of (High/medium/low) heat test test
specimen (Deforms
Y/N)
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 E
(b) Spark Tests:
S. Sample Specimen Colour Length Span Type of Sound Remark

No. steel name of spark of spark (mm) Star
(mm)
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 E
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

1. Discuss the effect of C-content on the characteristics of spark generated.
2. Discuss sound test used for determination of steel samples.
8
AMU, ALIGARH
B.TECH./B.E. II YEAR
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. - 2
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
College No.: …………………………………. Enrol. No.: ……………………………...
Date of Experiment: …………………………. Date of Submission: ……………………
OBJECT:
a) To determine the electrode consumption rate (ECR) at various current densities for electric arc
welding process.
b) To study the quality of the weldment by joining metallic components of different thickness
at various current densities.
PROCEDURE
1. Measure the length and diameter of core of an electrode.

2. Hold the electrode with the electrode holder.
3. Note down the voltage and ampere of the current to flow through the work piece.
4. Switch on the step down transformer.
9
5. Strike the end of the electrode on a work piece to develop an arc.
6. Note the time of striking the arc.
7. Cease the flow of current by raising the electrode.
8. Note down the time of the cease of the current.
9. Change the voltage and ampere of current.
10. Repeat the experiment for each value of voltage and amperage.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. Each student should use apron while performing the experiment.

2. Use welding screen while welding the work pieces.
3. Keep the body away from the work piece while welding.
4. Don’t use synthetic clothes in welding shop.
FORMULA USED:
Electrode Consumption Rate (ECR) = vol. of electrode melted (mm3)/time taken (s)
= {(π/4)d2(li-lf)}/t
Current density (ρI) = current (A)/cross sectional area of electrode (mm2) = I / {(π/4) d2}
Where,
d = Electrode diameter (mm) t = Time of electrode use (s)

li = Initial length of electrode (mm) I= Current (A)
lf = Final length of electrode (mm)
WORK MATERIAL:
Type: Ferrous / Nonferrous
If ferrous, Mild steel / Medium C-steel / High C-steel
Size:
10
OBSERVATIONS:
Electrode diameter (d): …………………….
Electrode length (l): ……………………..
Observation Table A:
S. Electrode length time ECR I (A) Current Remark

No. (mm) (s) (mm3/s)P density
li lf (li - lf) ρI (A/mm2)
1.
Observation Table B:
S.No. Dimensions of Current Photograph of the Weldment Observation

Component Density
(Defect)
(width×thickness) ρI
(A/mm2)
(in mm)
1.
11
2.
3.
4.
1. Plot the graph ECR Vs current density. What is the best value of current for the given
size of electrode?
2. Comment on the results obtained and discuss the graph.
3. Comment on the quality of weldments and discuss the observations made.
12

AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. - 3
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT: To design and produce patterns for the given engineering products incorporating the
shrinkage & draft allowances:
(i) Single piece solid type (Figure 1);

(ii) Spilt pattern (Figure 1)
35
Figures 1: All dimensions are in mm.
S. Name Specification Make

No.
1.
2.
3.
13
PRODUCT MATERIAL:
Name the molten metal / alloy (the pattern is to be designed): Aluminium / Cast iron / Steel
PROCEDURE
For Aluminium and its alloy:

Linear co-efficient of solid shrinkage = 2%.
Draft allowance = 2o
1. Calculate the dimensions for the pattern of the product (casting).
2. Give the dimension of core prints if required.
3. Draw the figure of the designed pattern (with the core print).
Fabrication of cylindrical patterns
1. Take a piece of wood a few mm over size of the designed pattern (with the core print).
2. Clamp the piece of wood between the jaws of wooden lathe.
3. Turn the outer surface of the wooden piece 1-2 mm close to the designed dimension.
4. Turn the wooden pattern with finishing cut to the designed dimension.
5. Turn the core print to the designed dimension.
6. Split the pattern along its axis.
7. Provide dowels to assemble the split pattern fabricated.
Fabrication of Core box
1. Take a piece of wood of length of a few mm over size of the designed core with the core print.
The cross sectional area of the wooden piece 5 -10 mm more (each width and thickness) than the
cross-sectional area of the core.
2. Clamp the piece of wood between the jaws of wooden vice.
3. Plane all the outer surfaces of the wooden piece.
4. The surface should square with each other.
5. Drill a hole of the diameter 1 mm more than the diameter of the core.
6. Ream the hole of the core box fabricated with finishing cut to the designed dimension.
7. Split the core box along its axis.
8. Provide dowels to assemble the split core box fabricated.
Fabrication of single piece pattern
1. Take a piece of wood of length of a few mm over size of the designed pattern
2. Clamp the piece of wood between the jaws of wooden vice.
3. Plane all the outer surfaces of the wooden piece 1 mm more than the designed dimension.
4. The surface should square (if necessary) with each other.
5. Finish the pattern to the desired dimension by using sand paper/ quartz paper.
6. Repeat the experiment for each specimen.
14
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2. The operator should not use loose clothing while turning.
3. No one should touch the rotating devices work while rotating.
4. Fingers etc should be kept away from the edge of a chisel / blade of jack plane.
5. Work should be hold firmly while drilling / reaming.
6. The force to hold the work should be more (if required) when the drill bit approaches the
end.
OBSERVATIONS:
Dimensions of solid/split pattern (Cubic)
Product Required dimension of the Dimension of Pattern (D2) Percentage allowance =

No. product (D1)
(mm)  D 1 ≈ D2 
(mm)   ×100
 D1 
L W H L W H Remarks
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1. 35 35 35
2.
3.
4.
15
SAMPLE CALCULATION
Percentage deviation along length (L) =

 Length of the pattern - Required length of the product 
  × 100
 Required length of the product 
Percentage deviation along width (W) =

Width of the pattern − Re quired width of the prouct 
  × 100
 Re quired width of the prouct 
Percentage deviation along height (H) =

 Height of the pattern − Re quired height of the product 
  × 100
 Re quired height of the product 
Q1. Explain the significance of providing allowances in the mechanical engineering products.
Q2. Discuss the observations as per the above table.
Q3. Why do we provide Shrinkage allowances? Discuss the significance of Solid Shrinkage and
Liquid Shrinkage Allowances in metal casting.
Q4. What is the significance of providing "Draft allowances" and "Rapping Allowances".
16

AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. - 4
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT: To perform the following experiments in Sand Testing Lab:
a) Determine the affect of ramming on various properties of moulding sand.

(i) Moisture Content;
(ii) Permeability Number;
(iii) Hardness of Sand Mould;
(iv) Crushing and Shearing Strength of the Sand Mould; and
b) Find out:
(i) Clay Content; and
(ii) AFS Grain Fineness Number of the given Moulding Sand
S. Name Specification Make
No.
1.
2.
3.
17
PRODUCT MATERIAL:
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
2. Proper alignment of split pattern.

3. Sprinkle parting sand uniformly throughout between (i) cope and drag and (ii) pattern and
moulding sand.
4. Ramming should be uniform and with uniform pressure.
OBSERVATIONS:
(A) Effect of moulding parameters on the properties of moulding sand.
S. Number Moisture Permeability Hardness Crushing Shear

No. of Rams Content strength strength
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
18
2.
3.
(B) Moisture content

Weight of moulding sand = 20 grams
Weight of dried sand = grams
Percentage of moisture = %
Clay content
Weight of dry moulding sand = 50 grams
Weight of washed sand = grams
Percentage of clay = %
(B) AFS Grain fineness number
S. Sieves- % of sand Factor Product of column 2 and column 3

No. size retained
(Microns) “pi”
“fi” “pifi”
2057 4
1680 5
1003 9
710 16
500 26
355 36
250 46
19
150 70
105 100
75 145
53 200
Pan 300
Total ∑
∑ pifi
AFS grain fineness number = i
∑ pi
i
Q1. Draw a graph between Sieves-size (Microns) verses percentage of sand retained.
Q2. Discuss the findings of the Tables A and B.
Q3. Discuss the significance of AFS Grain Fineness Number.
Q4. What is the significance of calculating "Permeability No." of sand? Explain the relationship between
permeability number and mould hardness or ramming intensity of sand mould.
20
21

AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. – 1
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT: To study the effect of forces on the lateral & longitudinal deformation during forging
of the given component.
PROCEDURE
2. Cut a test specimen of desired dimension from a metal strip by using hand saw and bench
vice.
3. File the specimen to make all its 6 faces flat.
4. Measure and note the dimensions of the specimen.
5. Note the zero correction of the main scale of the hydraulic press.
6. Mount the specimen between the die mounted on the table of the hydraulic press and
punch mounted on the movable ram.
22
7. Switch on the hydraulic press.
8. With the movement of the movable punch, the needle of the scale will start to move and
the force applied will be displayed.
9. Stop the press at a predetermined value of is indicated.
10. Switch the press.
11. Release the force applied on the specimen.
12. Take out the specimen.
13. Measure the dimensions of the specimen.
15. Calculate the stress and strain and analyse.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1. While cutting metal strip, the hacksaw should be hold firmly.

2. A sufficient load is applied on the hacksaw.
3. While filing the specimen, the file should be hold firmly.
4. The faces should be properly aligned while measuring the sides of the specimen.
5. Care should be taken to mount the specimen between the die and the punch.
6. No part of the operator’s body should touch the hydraulic press after it is switched on.
7. The surfaces of the die and punch coming in contact of the specimen should be flat.
23
OBSERVATIONS:
Dimensions of the component:
Length: ………………………………………..
Breadth: …………………….
Thickness: ………………………….
S. Force Area Stress Length (mm) Width (mm)

No (N) Af (final) N/mm2 Li Lf Strain Wi Wf Strain
mm σT
ƐT ƐT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
F
True stress, σT = or, σT = σ (1+ Ɛ)
Af
Lf
True strain ƐT = ln or, ƐT = ln( 1 + Ɛ)
Li
where Lf = successive values of the length as it changes
σT = K . ε Tn where, n = strain hardening parameter, 0 ≤ n ≤ 1
K = constant and depends on the type of material in N/mm2
24
1. Plot the true stress vs true strain graph showing the deformation phenomenon.
2. Plot the graph between log σT and log ƐT and find out value of strain hardening parameter 'n'.
3. Compare and comment the result obtained with standard curve.
25

AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. - 2
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT: To identify the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welded part through visual
inspection method.
PROCEDURE
1. Measure the length and diameter of core of an electrode.

2. Hold the electrode with the electrode holder.
3. Note down the voltage and ampere of the current to flow through the work piece.
4. Switch on the step down transformer.
5. Strike the end of the electrode on a work piece to develop an arc.
6. Note the time at which the arc is struck.
7. Cease the flow of current by raising the electrode.
8. Note down the time of the cease of the current.
26
9. Change the voltage and ampere of current.
10. Repeat the experiment for each value of voltage and amperage.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2. Use welding screen while welding the work pieces.
3. Keep the body away from the work piece while welding.
4. Don’t use synthetic clothes in welding shop.
WORK MATERIAL:
Type: Ferrous / Nonferrous
If ferrous, Mild steel / Medium C-steel / High C-steel
Size:
OBSERVATIONS:
Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

Specimen Specimen Current Photograph/Marking of the Welded Observations
No. Dimensions Applied Zones (HAZ)
(I)
(Amp.)
27
1. Explain the phenomena of developing HAZ.
2. Sketch the different welded sections observed by you and label them.
3. Comment on the result obtained.
28
AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. -3(a)
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT:
a) To identify and study the various phases in microstructures of the following standard
specimen:
(iv) High Carbon Steel;
(v) Brass; &
(vi) Cast Iron.
MATERIAL & EQUIPMENTS/TOOLS USED:
NAME OF DIFFERENT PHASES:
Ferrous metal
Non-ferrous metals
29
PROCEDURE
Standard specimen
1. Switch on the microscope.
2. Take standard specimen put it on the table of microscope and focuses the microscope and
takes photo of the standard specimen.
3. Mark different phase of picture drawn.
4. Repeat the experiment for the different standard specimen.
Given specimen
1. Hold the specimen firmly between the finger.
2. Switch on the polishing machine put against quartz paper keep the surface of the specimen to
polish parallel to the quartz paper polish the surface for sufficient period of time.
3. Rotate specimen to 90 and continue polishing for certain period of time.
4. Switch of the machine and change quartz paper with higher grade abrasive and repeat the
experiment continue polishing till all scratches remove.
5. Wash the polish surface with acetone and dry the surface.
6. Take the photo graph of surface similar to that standard specimen.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2. Keep the specimen gently on the table of microscope.
3. Properly investigate the surface of the specimen to locate respective phases.
a) Focus the surface properly.
30
OBSERVATIONS
(PASTE & LABEL): A NEAT PHOTOGRAPH SHOWING VARIOUS PHASES PRESENT IN THE STANDARD
SPECIMEN & LABEL THEM
STANDARD SPECIMEN
Specimen Photograph/Image with phases Identified phases

name
31
RESULTS & DISCUSSION:
Q1. Discuss the findings of the above observations in detail and compare the results.
Q2. What preparations are required to get different phases in micro-structure of any material.
32

AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. - 3(b,c,&d)
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT:
b) Determine the spring back factor of sheet metal using:
i. V-block; and
ii. Bending Die.
c) To study the effect of bending along and across the grains of the given sheet metal.
d) To perform non-destructive test (dye penetration) on a test specimen and comment on the
results.
PROCEDURE
Using die and punch assembly
1. Cut a predetermine size of metallic strip and measure the dimension.
2. Raise the ram of the holding press.
3. Properly align the specimen (metallic strip) on the vice of the die.
4. Set a proper clearance between die & punch.
5. Drive punch against specimen to it full length.
33
6. Raise the punch.
7. Take the punch out from the die.
8. Measure and note down dimensions of the cross-section at the bend obtained.
9. Repeat the experiment for various thickness of the strip.
Using V –Block
1. Repeat the experiments in the same way as done by using die and punch assembly.
2. Changing the alignment of the specimen perpendicular to the axis as performed in the step 1
above.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

2. Keep the finger away from die punch while moving it.
3. Move punch slowly after bending.
4. Remove the specimen only after raising punch at sufficient height and locking raised the punch
before removing bend.
OBSERVATIONS:
Table A:
Direction of
S. No. Grain and Angle Angle of Spring Remark
Material bend “Along of die bend ‘αf’ back (crack/fracture
/across” ‘αi’ etc.)
‘Ks= αi/αf’
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
34
DYE PENETRATION TEST OF WELDMENT:
Dye penetrant inspection (DPI), also called liquid penetrant inspection (LPI) or penetrant
testing (PT), is a widely applied and low-cost inspection method used to locate surface-breaking
defects in all non-porous materials (metals, plastics, or ceramics). It is a non-destructive test. The
penetrant may be applied to all non-ferrous materials and ferrous materials. LPI is used to detect
casting, forging and welding surface defects such as hairline cracks, surface porosity, leaks in
new products, and fatigue cracks on in-service components.
PROCEDURE:
1. Pre-clean the test piece or weldment.
2. Apply penetrant (any Water-Washable Fluorescent Penetrants etc.) and allow to soak
possibly for 10 minutes (dwell time). Generally 5 to 30 minutes is considered for soaking
time in the hairline flaws.
3. Remove excess penetrant. Rinse the test piece with water and let it dry (use cotton or any
soft piece of cloth to rinse the weldment).
4. Apply developer and wait 10-30 minutes for development time (e.g.: non-aqueous wet
developer, dry powder, water-suspendable, and water-soluble).
5. Observe/analyse the defects in the test piece or weldment. Inspect the defects under
visible light (possibly ≥1000 lux) or UV light (≥1000µW/cm2) with adequate intensity for
visible dye penetrant.
Table B:
Specimen name Photograph/ Image after bending/dye-penetration test Remarks
and number
35
36
Q1. Discuss the results obtained from the above two tables (different die and punch assemblies).
Q2. What observations you found after performing non-destructive test (dye penetration) on test
specimen. List them.
Q3. Explain spring back phenomenon in the following cases:
a. V-block; and
b. Bending Die
37
AMU, ALIGARH
MEC/EMEC2930
EXPERIMENT NO. - 4
Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………
OBJECT: To produce the castings for different mould hardness (ramming intensities) and find
out the defects.
PROCEDURE
1. Put the pattern on the bench for moulding.

2. Put the drag on the bench for moulding.
3. Put the pattern on the bench and inside the drag.
4. Put moulding sand in the drag.
5. Rammed the sand to desire numbers of rams.
6. Put more moulding sand in the drag and rammed the moulding sand.
7. Continue the process till the height of the sand increase the height of the drag.
38
8. Strike off the excess sand from the drag with the help striker.
9. Put the drag upside down
10. Put other half of pattern (if split pattern) on the pattern.
11. Put down sprue at an appropriate location close to the pattern.
12. Repeat process of filling and ramming as it has been for the drag.
13. Fabricate basin with the down sprue.
14. Take out the sprue from the cope.
15. Disassembled cope from the drag.
16. Take out the pattern for the cope and drag.
17. Fabricate runner and in-gate in the drag.
18. Assembled the cope &drag.
19. Pour molten metal in to mould through basin.
20. After solidification metal shake out the casting and the runner and riser from the casting.
21. Repeat the experiment for different pattern at different number of rams.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
2. Proper alignment of split pattern.

3. Sprinkle parting sand uniformly throughout between (i) cope and drag and (ii) pattern and
moulding sand.
4. Ramming should be uniform and with uniform pressure.
39
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Effect of moulding parameters (ramming intensities) on the castings
S. Number Mould Photograph of the casting (locate the defects) Name of

No. of Rams Hardness defect(s)
observed
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
40
3.
Q1. Discuss the findings of the above table.
Q2. Suggest remedial actions required to overcome these defects.
41

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I

4) To perform the following experiments in Sand Testing Lab:

MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY-I

S. No. Name Specification Make

(a) Physical Tests

S. Sample Specimen Colour Relative density Effect of Magnetic Remark

(b) Spark Tests:

S. Sample Specimen Colour Length Span Type of Sound Remark

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………

College No.: …………………………………. Enrol. No.: ……………………………...

Date of Experiment: …………………………. Date of Submission: ……………………

S. No. Name Specification Make

1. Measure the length and diameter of core of an electrode.

1. Each student should use apron while performing the experiment.

d = Electrode diameter (mm) t = Time of electrode use (s)

If ferrous, Mild steel / Medium C-steel / High C-steel

Electrode diameter (d): …………………….

Electrode length (l): ……………………..

S. Electrode length time ECR I (A) Current Remark

S.No. Dimensions of Current Photograph of the Weldment Observation

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

3. Comment on the quality of weldments and discuss the observations made.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………

College No.: …………………………………. Enrol. No.: ……………………………...

Date of Experiment: …………………………. Date of Submission: ……………………

(i) Single piece solid type (Figure 1);

Figures 1: All dimensions are in mm.

S. Name Specification Make

For Aluminium and its alloy:

1. Each student should use apron while performing the experiment.

Dimensions of solid/split pattern (Cubic)

Product Required dimension of the Dimension of Pattern (D2) Percentage allowance =

Percentage deviation along length (L) =

Percentage deviation along width (W) =

Percentage deviation along height (H) =

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Q2. Discuss the observations as per the above table.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………

College No.: …………………………………. Enrol. No.: ……………………………...

Date of Experiment: …………………………. Date of Submission: ……………………

OBJECT: To perform the following experiments in Sand Testing Lab:

a) Determine the affect of ramming on various properties of moulding sand.

1. Each student should use apron while performing the experiment.

2. Proper alignment of split pattern.

(A) Effect of moulding parameters on the properties of moulding sand.

S. Number Moisture Permeability Hardness Crushing Shear

(B) Moisture content

Weight of dried sand = grams

Weight of washed sand = grams

(B) AFS Grain fineness number

S. Sieves- % of sand Factor Product of column 2 and column 3

RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

Q2. Discuss the findings of the Tables A and B.

Q3. Discuss the significance of AFS Grain Fineness Number.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Name: ……………………………………….. S. No.: ………… Section: …………

College No.: …………………………………. Enrol. No.: ……………………………...

Date of Experiment: …………………………. Date of Submission: ……………………

S. No. Name Specification Make