Solid Slab

One way Two way

LL LL
r 2 r 2
Ls Ls

LL  Long Length
LS  Short Length
LL
r
LS
 Ldesign = wu = 1.2D +1.6 L + 0.5 (Lroof or S)

 Dead load: own weight of slab + weight of finishing + weight of

partitions + another sustained load.

 Live load: depends on type of structure.

**Example: live load for private house = 200 kg/m2
live load for school = 400 kg/m2

 Intensity of load for slab = force/area = kg/m2 = kN/m2

=lb/ft2 .
 Dead Load:
1. Plastering= (20/10)*(21)= 42 kg/m2

2. R.C matt = (2500)*(0.12)= 300 kg/m2

3. Sand= (1800)*(0.05)= 90 kg/m2

4. Mortar= (2100)*(0.03)= 63 kg/m2

5. Tile= (30/10)*(20)= 60 kg/m2

** ∑= (42+300+90+63+60) = 555 kg/m2

 Partitions: 1. Fixed partition 2. Moved partition.
**Dead load for fixed partitions = 100 – 150 kg/m2
** Dead load f or moved partitions = 100 kg/m2

** If there is a fixed partition or moved partition on slab, we add the dead

load of partition on dead load for slab and finishing.

** Example : determine the ultimate total load for previous slab of private
house, if load of fixed partition = 150 kg/m2

** Solution: 1. Total dead load = 150 + 555 = 705 kg/m2

2. wu = 1.2D +1.6 L = 1.2 * 705 +1.6 * 200 = 1166 kg/m2

** Note: γc = 2500 kg/m3 = 25 kN/m3 = 2.5 t/m3 = 150 pcf.

 LL
 For one way solid slab: r  2
Ls

 Max deflection for simply supported

5wL
span with uniform load: max 
384 EI

 If we take strip in short direction and

another strip in long direction.
 max( short)   max( long )
5ws L4s 5wL L4L

384 EI 384 EI
ws L4L L4L
 4  w s  wL 4
wL Ls Ls
 For one way solid slab the total load transfer from slab to beams
in one direction which is short direction.

 Example: for solid slab 15m*5m, determine the load in short

direction:
4 4
L 15
w s  wL  wL 4
L
4
L s 5
ws  81wL

 In one way solid slab the load transfer

always in short direction : w  ws
 r
LL
2 one way solid slab w  ws
Ls

 Slab’s Analysis procedure:

1. Take a strip with (1m) width parallel to short direction.
2. Confirm total load on slab (w) (load/area) to distributed load (load/m’):
Load/m’= (load/m²) * (1m)
3. Determine the max. shear and max. moment for simply supported span
with distributed.
 Beam’s Analysis procedure:

** Analysis of major beams:

wLs LL
1. Load /m’ from slab on beam1, beam2 =
2 LL
2. Total load on beam1, beam2 = own weight of beam+ load from slab.

Determine max. shear and max moment: wL

3. Vmax 
2
wL2
M max 
8
where : w  total load
L  length of beam
 Beam’s Analysis procedure:

** Analysis of secondary beams:

1. Total load on beam3, beam4 = own weight of beam

wL
2. Determine max. shear and max moment: Vmax 
2
wL2
M max 
8
where : w  total load
L  length of beam
 Example: For shown solid slab, load on floor w = 20 (kN/m²), own
weight for each beam = 5 (kN/m’), determine:
1. Max. shear and max. moment in the slab.
2. Max. shear and max. moment in B1.
3. Max. shear and max. moment in B4.
4. Total axial load on C2
 Solution:
r= 10/4 = 2.5 >2 → one way solid slab
ws  w  20kN / m 2 : load transfer parallel to short direction.

1. Max. shear and max. moment in the slab.

wL 20 * 4
Vmax    40kN
2 2
wL2 20 * 42
M max    40kN .m
8 8
 Solution:
2. Max. shear and max. moment in B1.

wLs LL 20 * 4 *10
Load from slab on Beam (1)=   40kN / m
2LL 2 *10
Total load on Beam (1) = 40 + 5 = 45 kN/m’.

wL 45 *10
Vmax    225kN
2 2
wL2 45 *102
M max    562.5kN .m
8 8
 Solution:
3. Max. shear and max. moment in B4.

Total load on Beam (4) = 5 kN/m’.

wL 5 * 4
Vmax    10kN
2 2
wL2 5 * 42
M max    10kN .m
8 8

4. Total axial load on C2.

Total axial load on C2 = load from B1 + load from B4
Total axial load on C2 = 225 + 10 = 235 kN.
 LL
 For two way solid slab: r  2
Ls

 For two way solid slab: load transfer from slab to beams in two
directions.

 All beams in two way solid slab are major beams.

ws L4L
 4  r4
wL Ls
ws  wL r 4 ..........(1)
w  ws  wL .......(2)
substitute eqn(1) in eqn(2)
w  wL r 4  wL  w  wL (1  r 4 )
w
wL 
1 r4
wr 4
ws 
1 r4
 Slab’s Analysis procedure:
1. Take a strip with (1m) width parallel to short direction or parallel to long
direction.
2. Confirm total load on slab (w) (load/area) to distributed load (load/m’):
Load/m’= (load/m²) * (1m) .
3. Determine the max. shear and max. moment for simply supported span
with distributed.

* *Short direction :
2
w L w L
Vmax  s s , M max  s s
2 8

* *Long direction :
2
w LLL w LLL
Vmax  , M max 
2 8
  Example: For shown solid slab with load on floor (w) = 20kN/m².
Determine max. shear and max. moment in slab.
10
r  1.25  2  Two way soild slab
8
wr 4 20 *1.25 4
wS    14.2(kN / m 2 )
1 r 4
1  1.25 4

w 20
wL    5 .8( kN / m 2
)
1 r 4
1  1.25 4

Short Direction : Long Direction :

wL 14.2 * 8
Vmax    56.8kN Vmax 
wL 5.8 *10
  29kN
2 2 2 2
wL2 14.2 * 8 2 wL2 5.8 *10 2
M max    113.6kN .m M max    72.5kN .m
8 8 8 8
 Beam’s Analysis procedure:
• All beams are major beams with different load.
• Loads transfer from slab to beams as two triangles and two trapezoids.
 Beam’s Analysis procedure:
** Beam (1) + Beam (2):

(o.w)LL w * Area of Trapezoid

Vmax  
2 2
wL2
M max   this formula is applicable just for uniform distributed load
8
For bending moment calculations only :
* *For Trapezoid
wLS r
Equivalent Uniform Distribute d load (E.U.D.L) 
2r
 Beam’s Analysis procedure:
** Beam (3) + Beam (4):

(o.w)Ls w * Area of Triangle

Vmax  
2 2
wL2
M max   this formula is applicable just for uniform distributed load
8
For bending moment calculations only :
* *For Triangle
wLS
Equivalent Uniform Distribute d load (E.U.D.L) 
3
Examples