SEMESTER 1

Assignment 2 [81]
Due date: 16 March 2020
unique number (Code):
Covered book chapters: 8, 9, 21, and 26

Questions

1. Find the gravitational potential energy of an 88-kg person standing atop

Mt. Everest at an altitude of 8848 m. Use sea level as the location for y = 0.

Solution (3)

U  m g y  88 kg   9.81 m/s 2  8848 m   7.6 106 J  7.6 MJ

2. A vertical spring stores 0.962 J in spring potential energy when a 3.5-kg

mass is suspended from it.

(a) By what multiplicative factor does the spring potential energy

change if the mass attached to the spring is doubled?

(b) Verify your answer to part (a) by calculating the spring potential
energy when a 7.0-kg mass is attached to the spring.

Solution (8)

(a) Doubling x will increase the potential energy by a factor of 4 because U is

proportional to x2

x1  m g k
(b) x  2m g k  2 x
2 1

U 2 12 k x22  2 x1 
2

  4
U1 12 k x12 x12
U 2  4 U1  4  0.962 J   3.85 J
3. A 2.9-kg block slides with a speed of 2.1 m/s on a frictionless horizontal
surface until it encounters a spring.
(a) If the block compresses the spring 5.6 cm before coming to rest,
what is the force constant of the spring?
(b) What initial speed should the block have to compress the spring by
1.4 cm?

Solution (8)

Ki  U i  Kf  U f

(a)
1
2
m vi2  0  0  12 k xmax
2

m v 2  2.9 kg  2.1 m/s 

2

k 2i   4080 N/m  4.1 kN/m

 0.056 m 
2
xmax

 4100 N/m  0.014 m 

2 2
k xmax
(b) vi    0.53 m/s
m 2.9 kg

4. What is the mass of a mallard duck whose speed is 8.9m/s and whose
momentum has a magnitude of 11 kg.m/s?

Solution (3)

p 11 kg  m/s
p  mv  m    1.2 kg
v 8.9 m/s

5. A 26.2-kg dog is running northward at 2.70 m/s, while a 5.30-kg cat is

running eastward at 3.04 m/s. Their 74.0-kg owner has the same
momentum as the two pets taken together. Find the direction and
magnitude of the owner’s velocity.

Solution (12)
p total  p cat  p dog  mcat v cat  mdog v dog
  5.30 kg  3.04 m/s xˆ    26.2 kg  2.70 m/s yˆ 
p total  16.1 kg  m/s  xˆ   70.7 kg  m/s  yˆ
 p owner  mowner v owner  p total
p total 16.1 kg  m/s  xˆ   70.7 kg  m/s  yˆ
v owner  
m0 74.0 kg
  0.218 m/s  xˆ   0.955 m/s  yˆ

vowner   0.218 m/s    0.955 m/s   0.980 m/s

2 2

 0.955 
  tan 1    77.1 north of east
 0.218 

6. Two ice skaters stand at rest in the center of an ice rink. When they push
off against one another the 45-kg skater acquires a speed of 0.62 m/s. If
the speed of the other skater is 0.89 m/s, what is this skater’s mass?

Solution (4)

p1x  p2 x  0  m1 v1x  m2 v2 x
m1 v1x   45 kg   0.62 m/s 
m2    31 kg
v2 x 0.89 m/s

7. A flashlight bulb carries a current of 0.38 A for 98 s. How much charge

flows through the bulb in this time? How many electrons?

Solution (6)

Q  I t   0.38 A  98 s   37 C

37 C
Ne  19
 2.3 1020 electrons
1.60 10 C/electron

8. The four conducting cylinders shown in the below figure are all made of
the same material, though they differ in length and/or diameter. They are
connected to four different batteries, which supply the necessary voltages
to give the circuits the same current, I. Rank the four
voltages, V1, V2, V3 and V4, in order of increasing value. Indicate ties where
appropriate.
Solution

I L I L L
Consider
V    B
A 
4 D
2
D 2 where B is a constant

Then,
3L 3 L
V1  B  B ,
 2D  (2)
2
4 D2

2L L
V2  B 2
 2B 2 , (2)
D D

L
V3  B , (2)
D2

L 1 L
V4  B  B .
 2D 
2 (2)
4 D2

Therefore, V4 < V1 < V3 < V2 . (2)

9. Find the equivalent resistance between points A and B shown in the below
figure.
Solution (7)

1 1 1 1
  
 
1
Req 1.5  2.5  6.3   1
 3.31  8.11
4.8 

Req  0.84 

10. Light enters a container of benzene at an angle of 43o to the normal, and
the refracted makes an angle of 27o with the normal. Calculate the index
of refraction of benzene.

Solution (3)

sin i sin 43

nbenzene  nair  1.000  1.5
sin  2 sin 27

11. A small object is located 30.0 cm in front of a concave mirror with a radius
of curvature of 40.0 cm. Where will the image be formed?

Solution (6)

f  12 R  1
2  40.0 cm   20.0 cm
1 1
1 1   1 1 
di          60.0 cm , This is 30 cm behind the object
 f d o   20.0 cm 30.0 cm 

12. An object with a height of 46 cm is placed 2.4 m in front of a concave

mirror with a focal length of 0.50 m.
 (a) Determine the approximate location and size of the image using a
ray diagram.

(b) Is the image upright or inverted?

Solution

(a)

(5)

(b)
Image distance from the mirror

1 1 −1 1 1 −1
𝑑𝑖 = (𝑓 − ) = (0.5 𝑚 − ) = 0.63 m (63 cm) in front of the mirror
𝑑𝑜 2.4 𝑚

Image height

𝑑𝑖 63 𝑐𝑚
ℎ𝑖 = − ℎ𝑜 × = − 46 𝑐𝑚 × = −12 𝑐𝑚
𝑑0 240 𝑐𝑚

The image is 12 cm tall and it is inverted (6)

Total [81]