Wadrakis warmoSoba da figurebi

merab TxeliZe
SeviswavloT Wadraki
Tbilisi – 2018
1
recenzentebi:
Tornike sanikiZe, saerTaSoriso didostati,
saqarTvelos qalTa olimpiuri gundis mwvrTneli.
daviT janoevi, saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli
mwvrTneli.
redaqtori: Tamar xmiadaSvili, saerTaSoriso

didostati, saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli mwvrTneli
mxatvroba da kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa:

paata axraxaZe
ISBN 978-9941-411-05-2
saqarTvelos ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis

`sazogadoeba codna~
2
winTqmis nacvlad
,,aravis ar sZinavs ise abneulad, rogorc

rom leqsis da Wadrakis ostatebs!~
paolo iaSvili.
Wadrakisadmi ar gamiqra Zveli trfiali.
bavSvobidanve mitacebda me es TamaSi,

beds rom eclia da ojaxi ar damngreoda,
vin icis ra gza amerCia gulis karnaxiT
da amis imeds Cemi mwrTvnelic xom iZleoda.
Tavis sarCenad avirCie maTematika
da arca vnanob, dac da Tavic gadavarCine,
Tumca Soridan momiwia Wadrakis cqera,
hobia mxolod, profesiad ver avirCie.
Wadrakisadmi ar gamiqra Zveli trfiali,
iZulebiTi arCevaniT daviarebi,
gaorebuli, viT sizmarSi vcxovrob tialSi,
sxva cxovrebaSi xom meqneba me arCevani.
xom SemeZleba mxolod Wadraks mivuZRvna Tavi,
xolo manamde sadac rame Sejibrs davlandav,
veRar moviTmen, kmara adre rasac viTmendi,
suliT da guliT viTamaSeb, Tavsac davkargav.
sam did Cempions veTamaSe, vejeq pirispir
da samivesTvis gamovZebne TiTo biliki,
rogor vcdilobdi CemTvis, TqvenTvis, rogor vibrZodi
da davamarcxe spaski, tali da botviniki!
rogor vcdilobdi, vmaTxovrobdi maneTs da kapiks,
wavsuliyavi albionis me qveyanaSi
da ha, aRsrulda, msoflioSi me var meore,
moyvarulebis did msoflio SerkinebaSi.
Wadrakisadmi ar gamiqra Zveli trfiali,
gaorebuli, viT sizmarSi daviarebi,
imeds vitoveb, imedi maqvs ar gavwbeldebi,
sxva cxovrebaSi rom meqneba me arCevani!
m. TxeliZe 2002 weli.

3
Sesavali
Wadrakis samyaro jadosnuria. masSi miniatu-

ruli saxiT asaxulia brZoliT aRsavse Cveni cxo-
vreba. TvalnaTliv Cans adamianis gonebis Zala,
fantazia, xasiaTi, Sromisunarianoba, gemovneba da
midrekileba. amave dros Wadraki gvaswavlis logi-
kur, Tanimdevrul azrovnebas, sxvisi azris pati-
viscemas. svlis rigiToba mogviwodebs moTminebisa
da zrdilobisaken.
dRevandel pirobebSi, rodesac msoflios
mraval wertilSi daZabulobis kerebia, ganxeTqi-
lebaa xalxebsa da saxelmwifoebs Soris, saerTa-
Soriso urTierTobebSi ndobisa da keTilmosur-
neobis deficitia, xalxebis daaxloebis da urTi-
erTgagebis nebismier, Tundac lokalur, Tundac
SezRudul SesaZleblobebs xeli unda SevuwyoT,
stimuli mivceT. swored Wadraki imsaxurebs gansa-
kuTrebul yuradRebasa da xelSewyobas.
Wadraki xelmisawdomia yvela asakis adamiani-
saTvis, misi erovnebis, rjulis, materialuri mdgo-
mareobis, politikuri Sexedulebis da a.S. miu-
xedavad. erTiani saWadrako simbolika iZleva
winapirobas am sferoSi saerTaSoriso TanamSrom-
lobisaTvis, gamocdilebis gaziarebisaTvis, urTi-
erTdaxmarebisaTvis. Wadraki Tavisi arsiT namdvi-
li mSvidobis mtredia. gavixsenoT fide-s lo-
zungi: ,,Cven yvela erTi ojaxi varT!~
1988 wels saberZneTSi, qalaq salonikSi Catar-
da fide-s saerTaSoriso kongresi, romelzedac
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miRebul iqna Semdegi mniSvnelovani gadawyveti-
leba: ,,vaRiarebT ra Wadrakis aRmzrdelobiT did
SesaZleblobebs, romelic Tavis TavSi Seicavs
mecnierebis, xelovnebis da sportis elementebs,
mis keTilSobilur gavlenas adamianis pirovnebis
harmoniul ganviTarebaze, Seiqmnas fide-s saerTa-
Soriso komisia ,,Wadraki - yvelas~. gaewios reko-
mendacia fide-Si Semavali yvela qveynis Wadrakis
federaciebs, awarmoon aqtiuri propaganda, saor-
ganizacio da meToduri muSaoba yvela asakis ada-
mianebis dasaintereseblad WadrakiT, gansakuTre-
buli yuradReba miaqcion axalgazrdobis saWad-
rako sayovelTao swavlebas~. da radgan Wadraki
xelmisawdomia yvela asakis adamianisaTvis, Cveni
umorCilesi Txovna da rCevna iqneba, ra asakis
adamiani ar unda brZandebodeT, Tu ar TamaSobT
Wadraks, daiwyeT misi Seswavla, gaimdidreT da
gaimravalferovneT Tqveni cxovreba.
pativiscemiT, leqciebis kursis Semdgeneli
merab TxeliZe
5
$1. Wadrakis warmoSoba. Wadrakis Rirsebebi.
ratom unda iswavlos yvela mozardma Wadrakis
TamaSi.
,,Wadraki, romelmac drois gamocdas

gauZlo, ukeTesia vidre adamianis yvela
wigni da qmnileba. igi erTaderTi
TamaSia, romelic yvela xalxis da
epoqis kuTvnileba.~
Stefan cvaigi
mkvlevarebis azriT Wadraki gamoigones meeqv-

se saukuneSi indoeTSi. Wadrakis gamomgoneblis
Sesaxeb indoeTSi mravali legenda arsebobs.
Tumca unda vifiqroT, rom Wadraki ar aris erTi
adamianis qmnileba. amaze isic miuTiTebs, rom
legendebSi gamomgoneblis sxvadasxva saxels vxv-
debiT. ai, ras mogviTxrobs erT-erTi legenda:
erT-erTma brZenma, saxelad sinma, bevri fiqrisa
da Sromis meoxebiT gamoigona Wadrakis TamaSi da
Tavisi qveynis mefes (rajas) miarTva. mbrZanebels
moewona Wadrakis TamaSi da gadawyvita brZenis
dasaCuqreba. sins uTqvams: momcen puris imdeni
marcvali, ramdenic momiwevs Wadrakis dafidan,
Tu pirvel ujraze erT marcvals dadeben, meore-
ze - ors, mesameze - oTxs, meoTxeze - rvas da a.S.
(gamodis geometriuli progresia). rajas Turme
gaeRima - sawyal kacs Txovnac ki ar SeuZliao da
brZana eangariSaT ramdeni marcvali ekuTvnoda
sins da gaecaT. sasaxlis maTematikosebma gamoian-
gariSes marcvlebis raodenoba da gaognebulebi
darCnen. gamovida 18446744073709551615 (Tvrameti
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kvadrilion oTxasormocdaeqvsi trilion Svidas
ormocdaoTxi bilion samocdacameti miliard
Svidascxra milion xuTas ormocdaTerTmeti aTas
eqvsas TxuTmeti) marcvali. marcvlis am
raodenobas xuTi santimetriT SeeZlo daefara
mTeli dedamiwa. legenda ar gveubneba, Tu rogor
moiqca saxtad darCenili raja, magram faqtia,
rom Wadraki gavrcelda indoeTSi da Semdeg mTel
msoflioSi.
arsebobs mosazrebac, rom Wadraki cnobili
iyo ori aTasi wlis winaT Cvens welTaRricx-
vamde. Tavdapirvelad Wadraks ar hqonda dRevan-
deli saxe. droTa ganmavlobaSi igi TandaTanobiT
ixveweboda. dRevandeli saxe man meTxuTmete sau-
kuneSi miiRo. varaudoben, rom Wadrakma fexi
moikida sparseTSi meeqvse saukuneSi, arabeTSi -
meSvide saukuneSi, xolo evropaSi-meTerTmete
saukuneSi.
qarTvelebi am TamaSs gaecnen meeqvse saukunis
meore naxevarSi, arabebis Semosevamde. msoflios
merve Cempioni WadrakSi mixeil tali (1960-1961)
ambobs: ,,dRes Wadraki ise popularulia mTel
msoflioSi, rom uneburad gebadeba kiTxvebi: ase
ratom xdeba? riT aixsneba Wadrakis mimzidvilo-
bis aseTi Zala? es ubralo kiTxvebi ar aris.
dRemde ar arsebobs mkacri mecnieruli gansaz-
Rvreba Tu ra aris Wadraki~.
Wadraki gonebrivi TamaSia. mis samyaroSi
miniaturuli saxiT simbolurad asaxulia brZo-
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liT aRsavse Cveni cxovreba. Wadraki gvaswavlis
logikur azrovnebas, moTminebas, sibejiTesa da
windaxedulobas, sxvisi azris pativiscemas.
Wadraki sportis, mecnierebis da xelovnebis
sinTezi, Senadrobia: Wadraki sportia, romelic
Seicavs mecnierebisa da xelovnebis elementebs.
rodesac SejibrebaSi vlindeba uZlieresi moWad-
rake, maSin sportTan gvaqvs saqme; rodesac sauba-
ria sadebiuto (dasawyisebis) Teoriis an endSpi-
lebis (bolo TamaSis) naSromebze, maSin saqme
mecnierebasTan gvaqvs; rodesac vtkbebiT did -
ostatebs TamaSis SedevrebiT, maSin saqme xelov-
nebasTan gvaqvs.
yuradsaRebia WadrakSi msoflios mecamete
Cempionis gari kasparovis (1985-1993) sityvebi: ,,Wad-
raki aucileblad unda iswavlebodes skolebSi
zogadi ganaTlebisaTvis, inteleqtisa da mtkice
xasiaTis Camosayalibeblad~.
dReisaTvis kargad aris damuSavebuli Wad-
rakis swavlebis meTodika, rac saSualebas gvaZ-
levs ara marto vaswavliT Wadrakis TamaSi
mozardebs da yvela msurvels, aramed SevZloT
WadrakSi miRebuli codna da unar-Cvevebi gada-
itanon sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis sxva sfe-
roebSi.
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SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:
1. ra iciT Wadrakis gamogonebis Sesaxeb?

2. rodis gaecvnen qarTvelebi Wadrakis TamaSs?
3. ra aris Wadraki?
4. ramdeni adamiani (mxare) monawileobs
Wadrakis TamaSSi?
5. ra aris Wadrakis TamaSis mizani?
6. rogori SedegiT SeiZleba damTavrdes
Wadrakis partia?
7. riT (rogor, raze) TamaSoben Wadraks?
8. rogori formisaa Wadrakis dafa?
9. ra feris ujrebisagan Sedgeba Wadrakis dafa?
10. ra ferisaa Wadrakis figurebi?
11. romeli saWadrako figurebi iciT?
CamoTvaleT.
12. romeli figuraa WadrakSi mTavari?
9
$2. Wadrakis dafa da figurebi. horizontali,
vertikali, diagonali. saWadrako notacia.
,,Wadraki suliT Zlieri adamianebisTvisaa.

Wadraki rTulia, muSaobas moiTxovs."
vilhelm steinici,
msoflios pirveli Cempioni WadrakSi.
Wadraks ori adamiani (mxare) TamaSobs. svle-

bi rig-rigobiT keTdeba saWadrako dafaze, rom-
elsac kvadratis forma aqvs da dayofilia rva
rigad ganlagebul samocda oTx (64) patara
kvadratad. es kvadratebi Tanmimdevrulad SeRe-
bilia muq da Ria ferebad. muq kvadratebs Savi
ujrebi ewodeba, Ria feris kvadratebs-TeTri
ujrebi.
Wadrakis dafa maSin dgas sworad, rodesac

moTamaSisagan marcxena qveda kuTxis ujra Savi
ferisaa. Wadrakis dafa da figurebi erTmaneTis-
gan gansxvavdebian feriT, formiT, zomiT, masa-
liT. Wadraks, romliTac magidaze vTamaSobT,
magidis Wadraks veZaxiT, kedelze dasakid dafas
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da figurebs - saCvenebel Wadraks, aris samgzavro
Wadrakic. dabeWdil an eleqtronul Wadraks
diagrama ewodeba. partiis fragments pozicia
ewodeba.
Wadrakis ori feris figurebiT TamaSoben:
TeTrebiT da SavebiT.
TeTrebi:
Savebi:
Wadrakis TamaSs iwyebs TeTri figurebis

mqone moTamaSe. dasawyisSi figurebi dadgenili
wesis mixedviT ganlagdebian erTmaneTis pirispir.
am mdgomareobas sawyisi mdgomareoba ewodeba.
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miaqcieT yuradReba, rom lazierebi ikaveben
Tavisive feris ujrebs.
dafis 64 ujridan 32 TeTri da 32 Savi feri-
saa. es ujrebi adgens horizontalur, vertikalur
da diagonalur xazebs. dafas rva ganivi xazi
aqvs, romlebsac horizontalur xazebs, an ubra-
lod horizontals uwodeben. horizontaluri
xazebi dafas marcxnidan marjvniv kveTs da
aRiniSneba cifrebiT erTidan rvis CaTvliT.
swor xazebs, romlebic qvevidan zeviT miemar-
Teba, vertikaluri xazebi an, ubralod, verti-
kalebi ewodeba. vertikaluri xazebic rva ujri-
sagan Sedgeba da laTinuri anbanis asoebiT aRini-
Sneba.
A a - a, B b - be, C c - ce, D d - de, E e - e, F f -
ef, G g - Je, H h - haS
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dafaze aris daxrili xazebic, romlebic mxo-
lod erTi feris ujrebisagan Sedgeba. am xazebs
diagonalebi ewodeba. ujrebis ferebidan gamomdi-
nare, diagonalebi TeTrujrovani an Savujrovania.
diagonalebi sxvadasxva raodenobis ujrebisagan
Sedgeba. yvelaze grZeli diagonali rva ujriania,
xolo yvelaze mokle - orujriania.
8-ujrian diagonals didi diagonali ewodeba.
aseTi oria: TeTrujrovani da Savujrovani. diago-
nalis saxeli ganisazRvreba misi sawyisi da sabo-
loo ujrebis dasaxelebiT.
Wadrakis dafis yovel ujras sakuTari saxe-
li aqvs, romelic horizontalis da vertikalis
gadakveTis Sedegad vlindeba. magaliTad, dafis
marcxena qveda kuTxis ujris saxelia ,,a1~.
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gansakuTrebuli saWadrako aRniSvnebiT Cawe-
ras saWadrako marTlwera an saWadrako notacia
ewodeba. saWadrako notacia gvexmareba CavweroT
sakuTari partiebi, gavarCioT wignebsa da Jurna-
lebSi moyvanili partiebi. maTi analizi ki gvex-
mareba aRmovaCinoT sakuTari Secdomebi, viswav-
loT Zlieri moWadrakeebis naTamaSebi partiebiT.
SemoRebulia Semdegi pirobiTi aRniSvnebi:
mefe-mf lazieri-l etli-e ku-k mxedari-m paiki-p
partiis Cawerisas figuris Semoklebul sax-
els weren, Semdeg aRniSnaven im ujras, romelze-
dac idga figura da Semdeg im ujras, romel-
zedac, is wavida. paikis svlis dros misi Semok-
lebeli saxeli ar aRiniSneba. saWadrako nota-
ciis danarCen nawils gavecnobiT mogvianebiT, me-
11 paragrafSi.
saWadrako dafis naxevars, romelic a,b,c,d
vertikalebisagan Sedgeba, lazieris flangi
(frTa), radgan sawyis mdgomareobaSi lazierebi
dganan d vertikalze. e,f,g,h vertikalebisagan Sed-
genil Wadrakis dafis meore naxevars mefis
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flangi (frTa) ewodeba, radgan e vertikalze
sawyis mdgomareobaSi mefeebi dganan. yovel flan-
gze oTx-oTxi vertikalia dafis d da e verti-
kalebs centraluri vertikalebi ewodeba, a da h
vertikalebs - kidis vertikalebi. dafis Suagul
nawils, romelic d4, d5, e4, e5 ujrebisagan
Sedgeba, centri ewodeba.
Wadrakis TamaSs or mowinaaRmdege mxares
Soris saWadrako partia ewodeba. saWadrako par-
tiis erTi svla TeTrebisa da Savebis TiTo-TiTo
svlisagan Sedgeba. saWadrako partia SeiZleba
damTavrdes erT-erTi mxaris mogebiT, wagebiT an
fred-yaimiT. saWadrako partiaSi gamarjvebulis
erTi (1) qula eZleva, damarcxebuls - nuli (0)
qula, xolo yaimis SemTxvevaSi orive moTamaSes
naxevar-naxevari (1/2-1/2)- qula.
1. rodis devs Wadrakis dafa sworad?

2. ras ewodeba horizontali?
3. ramdeni horizontalia dafaze?
4. rogor ganisazRvreba horizontalis saxeli?
5. ramdeni TeTri da Savi ujrisagan Sedgeba
horizontali?
6. romel horizontalebs ewodeba TeTrebis
naxevari? Savebis naxevari?
7. ras ewodeba sawyisi mdgomareoba?
8. romeli feris figurebi iwyeben TamaSs?
9. ras ewodeba vertikali?
10. ramdeni TeTri da Savi ujrisagan Sedgeba
vertikali?
15
11. rogor ganisazRvreba vertikalis saxeli?
12. rogor ganisazRvreba ujris saxeli?
13. ras ewodeba diagonali?
14. romel diagonalebs ewodeba TeTri? Savi?
15. rogor ganisazRvreba diagonalis saxeli?
16. ras ewodeba saWadrako notacia?
17. CamoTvaleT figurebis Semoklebuli
saxelebi partiis Cawerisas.
18. ras ewodeba saWadrako partia?
19. ras warmoadgens saWadrako partiis erTi
svla?
20. ramdeni qula eZleva saWadrako partiaSi
gamarjvebuls? damarcxebuls? yaimis SemTxvevaSi?
21. daasaxeleT centraluri vertikalebi da
centraluri ujrebi.
davaleba #1
1. samuSao rveulSi daxazeT saWadrako dafa,

aRniSneT masze horizontalebis, vertikalebis da
yvela ujris saxelebi.
2. CawereT saWadrako notaciiT figurebis sawyisi
pozicia.
16
$3 figurebis Zala da
SedarebiTi Rirebuleba
,,Wadrakis TamaSis swavleba unda iyos

damoukidebeli azrovnebis ganviTareba~.
emanuil laskeri,
msoflios meore Cempioni WadrakSi
Wadrakis figurebs gansxvavebuli SesaZleb-

lobebi gaaCniaT.
maTi Zala samoqmedo ujrebis raodenobiT
ganisazRvreba. figuras yvelaze meti Zala maSin
gaaCnia,roca dafis centrSi imyofeba. figuraTa
SedarebiTi Rirebuleba maTi Zalis mixedviT gani-
sazRvreba. WadrakSi figuris Rirebulebis ganmsa-
zRvrel erTeulad miCneulia paiki.
mefe, rogorc mTavari saWadrako figura-
fasdaudebelia,radgan misi gacvla sxva figuraSi
ar SeiZleba.
mxedars, sxva figurebisgan gansxvavebiT, Seu-
Zlia ,,gadaaxtes" Tavis an mowinaaRmdegis figu-
rebs da moiaros dafis nebismieri ujra. mxedris
yvelaze meti samoqmedo ujraa-8. is ,,Rirs" sami
paiki.
ku Sorsmsroleli figuraa, igi moZraobs
mxolod erTi feris ujrebze. kus yvelaze meti
samoqmedo ujraa-13. misi ,,Rirebulebaa" sami paiki.
kus da mxedars msubuqi figurebi ewodebaT.
etli Sorsmsroli figuraa, igi vertikalur
da horizontalur xazebze gadaadgildeba. etlis
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yvelaze meti samoqmedo ujraa-14. is ,Rirs" xuTi
paiki.
lazieri Sorsmsroleli figuraa. igi verti-
kalur, horizontalur da diagonalur xazebze
moZraobs. lazieris yvelaze meti samoqmedo
ujraa-27. lazieri ,,Rirs"aTi paiki.
etls da laziers mZime figurebi ewodebaT.
figurebis moZraobis wesebs dawvrilebiT gavec-
nobiT mogvianebiT. praqtikuli mosazrebiT dadge-
nili figuraTa SedarebiTi Rirebuleba umravles
SemTxvevaSi sworia, magram aris poziciebi, sadac
etli sjobia laziers an paiki-kus.
mefis gansakuTrebulebis gamo, rogorc viciT,
misi fasi ganusazRvrelia, magram daboloebaSi,
rodesac mas SamaTi (mokvla) aRar emuqreba, is
aqtiurad ebmeba brZolaSi. am dros misi fasi
daaxloebiT kus an mxedris tolia.
1) ra gansazRvravs figuris Zalas?

2) ra aris figuris Rirebulebis erTeuli?
3) romel figurebs ewodeba msubuqi? mZime
figurebi?
4) etli da ku ukeTesia Tu lazieri?
5) ori etli ukeTesia Tu lazieri?
6) ori mxedari ukeTesia Tu etli?
7) ku da ori paiki ukeTesia Tu etli?
8) lazieri da etli ukeTesia Tu mefe?
18
$4. Wadrakis TamaSis mizani. qiSi, SamaTi,
yaimi, pati.
,,wagebas CemTvis meti uswavlebia,

vidre gamarjvebas~.
xose raul kapeblanka,
msoflios mesame Cempioni WadrakSi.
sawyisi poziciidan Wadrakis TamaSs iwyeben

TeTrebi anu isini gadaadgileben sxva ujraze
Tavis romelime figuras an paiks. erT ujraze
ori figuris moTavseba ar SeiZleba.
metoqis figuris ,,mokvla~ xdeba dafis ujri-
dan misi aRebiT da sanacvlod amyvani figuris
dasmiT mokvlis ujraze. sakuTari figuris mok-
vla ar SeiZleba. Tu figuras SeuZlia romelime
ujraze gadaadgileba da am ujraze imyofeba
metoqis figura, maSin SesaZlebelia misi `mokvla~.
Tu TeTrebi Savebis romelime figuras `mok-
laven~ da Savebic imave an misi faseulobis figu-
ras aiyvanen, maSin moxdeba gacvla. rodesac moWa-
drake etls `moklavs~ da samagierod kus an mxe-
dars daTmobs, ityvian, rom man xarisxi moigo.
romelime figuris an paikis SesaZleblobas,
moklas metoqis figura an paiki, muqara ewodeba.
yvelaze Zlieri muqara SamaTis (mefis mokvlis)
muqaraa. mefeze damuqrebas qiSi ewodeba.
Tuki SegviZlia iseTi saSamaTo muqara Sevq-
mnaT, romlisganac dacva ar arsebobs, maSin aseT
muqaras SamaTs uwodeben da partia mTavrdeba.
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moTamaSe, romelic daaSamaTebs mowinaaRmdegis
mefes, gamarjvebulad iTvleba, xolo meore moTa-
maSe - damarcxebulad.
partiis TamaSis dros moWadrake unda cdilo-
bdes, rac SeiZleba xSirad Seqmnas muqara. buneb-
rivad gvebadeba kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba muqa-
risagan Tavis dacva? pasuxi Semdegia: muqarisagan
Tavis dacvis saSualebebia: 1. muqaris Semqmneli
figuris mokvla.
2. muqaris qveS myofi figuris sxva ujraze
gadaadgileba.
3. muqaris Semqmneli figuris xazis gadaketva
(lazieris, etlis, kus SemTxvevaSi).
4. muqaris qveS mdgomi figuris dacva.
5. iseTive an ufro Zlieri muqaris Seqmna.
muqaris Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT visaub-
rebT mogvianebiT.
mowinaamRdegis muqara rom ar gamogvrCes,
saWiroa misi yoveli svlis Semdeg sakuTar Tavs
vkiTxoT: ratom iTamaSa metoqem esa Tu is svla
da ra muqara Seqmna am svliT?
rogorc viciT, Wadrakis partia yovelTvis
ar mTavrdeba erT-erTi mxaris gamarjvebiT. SeiZ-
leba Seiqmnas iseTi pozicia, rodesac SeuZlebe-
lia romelime mefis daSamaTeba. aseT dros par-
tia yaimiT (fred) mTavrdeba da metoqeebs naxevar-
naxevari qula ewerebad.
yaimis yvelaze martivi magaliTia pozicia,
roca dafaze marto mefeebi rCebian. arsebobs,
20
agreTve, Teoriuli sayaimo poziciebi, magaliTad,
mefe da ku mefis winaamRdeg, mefe da mxedari
mefis winaamRdeg. (ufro dawvrilebiTYam sakiTxs
mogvianebiT SevexebiT).
partia yaimiT damTavrebulad iTvleba, Tu
orive mxare samjer gaimeorebs erTsa da imave
pozicias. yaimia agreTve, redesac erTi mxare
meores mudmiv qiSs ucxadebs. mudmivi qiSi aris
qiSebis seria, romelsac mefe ver emaleba.
partia yaimaT damTavrebul iTvleba agreTve,
Tu dafaze Seqmnilia patis pozicia. pati aris
dafaze Seqmnili iseTi pozicia, rodesac saku-
Tari svlis dros erT-erTi mxaris arc erT
figuras svlis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia da mefes qiSi
ara aqvs gamocxadebuli.
1. ra gansazRvravs figuris Zalas?

2. ra aris figuris Rirebulebis erTeuli?
3. ras ewodeba qiSi?
4. ras ewodeba muqara?
5. ras ewodeba figuris ,,mokvla~?
6. ras ewodeba gacvla?
7. ramdeni saSualeba arsebobs muqarisagan
Tavis dasacavad?
8. ramdeni saSualeba arsebobs qiSisgan Tavis
dasacavad?
9. ra SemTxvevebSi iTvleba partia yaimiT
damTavrebulad?
21
$5. mefe. misi moZraobis wesebi.
,,Wadrakis saSualebiT me gamovawTe Cemi

xasiaTi. upirveles yovlisa, Wadraki
gvaswavlis viyoT obieqturi. WadrakSi mxolod
maSin gaxdebi didi ostati, roca Seicnob Sens
Secdomebisa da naklovanebebs. swored
ise, rogorc cxovrebaSi~.
aleqsandre alioxini,
msoflios meoTxe Cempioni WadrakSi.
mefe saWadrako brZolis mTavari moqmedi

figuraa. umefod TamaSis gagrZeleba ar SeiZleba.
mefe moZraobs yvela momarTulebiT mxolod erT
ujraze. mas ar SeuZlia im ujraze (,,cecxlis~
ujra) TamaSi, romelsac mowinaaRmdegis figura an
paiki utevs. romelime figuris mefisadmi muqaras,
rogorc viciT, qiSi ewodeba. mefe valdebulia
qiSisgan Tavi daicvas. amisaTvis sami saSualeba
arsebobs:
1. movklaT qiSis gamomcxadebeli figura an
paiki.
2. mefe gadaviyvanoT iseT ujraze, romelic
muqaris qveS ar imyofeba.
3. gza gadavuketoT qiSis gamomcxadebel
figuras.
22
1. romel figurebSi SeiZleba mefis gacvla?

2. rogor moZraobs mefe?
3. romel ujraze ar SeuZlia mefes wasvla?
4. qiSisagan Tavis daRwevis ramdeni gza
arsebobs?
davaleba #2.
amocana 1. SeadareT TeTrebis da Savebis

figurebis Rirebulebebi da gamotovebul
adgilze CawereT erT-erTi niSani <, >, =.
23
amocana 2.
moZebneT mefis umoklesi gza H7
paikamde da im ujrebze dasviT niSani.
24
$ 6. etli. misi moZraobis wesebi
,,Wadrakis saxelmZRvanelobis kiTxva

mxolod im gzebs aCvenebs, romelTa mixedviT
unda iswavlo damoukidebeli azrovneba,
piradad yvela siZnelis gadalaxva~
maqs eive,
msoflios mexuTe Cempioni WadrakSi.
etli moZraobs sworxazovnad horizontalze
an vertikalze yvela mimarTulebiT erT an ramde-
nime ujraze, Tu mas am xazze ar eRobeba saku-
Tari an mowinaaRmdegis figura. etls ar SeuZlia
gadaaxtes sakuTar an metoqis figuras, Tu isini
mas gzas uRobavs. is dadgeba mokluli figuris
ujraze, xolo metoqis moklul figuras dafidan
aiReben.
nebismieri ujridan etls SeuZlia 14 ujraze
wasvla, Tu mas romelime figura xels ar uSlis.
figuras, romelsac erTi svliT dafis erTi
kuTxidan meore kuTxeSi SeuZlia gadaadgileba,
Sorsmsroleli figura ewodeba.
Sorsmsroleli figurebia: lazieri, etli, ku.

1. romel xazebze moZraobs etli? ramdeni
ujriT gadaadgildeba igi?
2. rogori figuraa etli?
3. ramdenia etlis yvelaze meti samoZrao
ujra?
4. ra zRudavs etlis moZraobas?
5.sawyis mdomareobaSi romel ujrebze ganla-
gdebian TeTri etlebi? Savi etlebi?
25
$ 7. ku. misi moZraobis wesebi.
,,rom gaabaTelo mowinaaRmdegis mier

kargad momzadebuli sistema, aris
erTi gza-unda imuSao da imuSao bevri~.
mixeil botveniki,
msoflios meeqvse Cempioni WadrakSi.
ku moZraobs mxolod diagonalze erT an ram-

denime ujraze. TeTr ujraze mdebare ku moZraobs
mxolod TeTri feris diagonalze, Sav ujraze
mdebare ku - Savi feris diagonalze. pirvel maT-
gans TeTrujrovani ku ewodeba, meores – Savuj-
rovani ku. kus ar SeuZlia gadaaxtes diagonalze
mdgar rogorc sakuTar, ise metoqis figuras. mas
SeuZlia moklas mis gzaze mdgari metoqis figura.
ku ikavebs mokluli figuris adgils.
centrSi mdgar kus SeuZlia 13 ujraze gada-
adgileba, dafis kuTxeSi mdgoms - Svid ujraze.
ku Sorsmsroleli figuraa. kus SeuZlia erTd-
roulad daemuqros mowinaaRmdegis or figuras,
ese igi gaakeTos ormagi dartyma. ku erTaderTi
figuraa WadrakSi, romelsac sxva feris ujraze
gadasvla ar SeuZlia.

1. romel xazebze moZraobs ku? ramdeni
ujriT gadaadgildeba igi?
2. rogori figuraa ku?
26
3. ramdenia kus yvelaze meti samoZrao ujra?
yvelaze cota?
4. ra zRudavs kus moZraobas?
5. sawyis mdomareobaSi romel ujrebze dgas
TeTrebis orive ku? Savebis?
6. sad jobia kus ganlageba da ratom?
7. riT aris ku erTaderTi figura WadrakSi?
davaleba # 3
dasviT O niSani im ujraze (an ujrebze),

saidanac etli ormag dartymas akeTebs
27
ramden svlaSi moxvdeba etli e7 ujraze?
dasviT O niSani im ujraze (an ujrebze), sai-

danac ku ormag dartymas akeTebs.
28
ramden svlaSi moxvdeba ku d7 ujraze ise,
rom muqaris qveS ar moxvdes?
$ 8. lazieri. misi moZraobis wesebi.

,,arsad ise mkafiod ar Cans azris logika,
rogorc partiis daskvniT stadiaSi.
SemTxveviTi rodia, rom warsulis didi
moWadrakeebi Tavis SemoqmedebaSi did
yuradRebas aqcevdnen daboloebas~.
vasili smislovi,
msoflios meSvide Cempioni WadrakSi.
lazieri yvelaze Zlieri figuraa. is erT-

droulad aerTianebs etlis da kus svlebs: lazi-
eri moZraobs yvela mimarTulebiT – horizon-
talze, vertikalsa da diagonalze. dafis centri-
dan lazieri 27 ujras akontrolebs da 8 mimar-
TulebiT moZraobs.
29
lazieri, iseve rogorc etli da ku, ver
gadaaxteba sakuTar an metoqis figuras, romelic
mas gzas uRobavs. laziers SeuZlia moklas
metoqis is figura, romelic misi moZraobis gza-
zea ganlagebuli. lazieri daikavebs mokluli
figuris adgils. lazieri Sorsmsroleli figu-
raa. laziers, rogorc uZlieres figuras, mowi-
naaRmdegis mefisaTvis qiSis gamocxadebis yvelaze
meti saSualeba aqvs.
mocemul diagramaze TeTrebis lazierma c7
ujridan araswori svla gaakeTa f7 ujraze. Save-
bis mefes qiSi ara aqvs gamocxadebuli da svlis
gakeTebac ar SeuZlia. TeTrebma gaakeTes pati anu
mowinaaRmdegebma gaiyves naxevar-naxevari qula. cxa-
dia, TeTrebma cudad iTamaSes.
30
1. ramden ujras akontrolebs centridan
lazieri?
2. ramdeni ujriT gadaadgildeba lazieri?
3. ramdenia lazieris yvelaze meti samoZrao
ujra?
4.laziers kuTxis ujridan ramdeni mimarTu-
lebiT SeuZlia gadaadgileba?
5.laziers kidis ujridan ramdeni mimarTu-
lebiT SeuZlia gadaadgileba?
6.sawyis poziciaSi romel ujraze dgas TeT-
ri lazieri? Savi lazieri?
$ 9. mxedari. misi moZraobis

wesebi.
,,moWadrakis umaRlesi klasis erT-erTi
maCvenebelia rTul poziciebSi
martivi gzis mignebis unari."
mixeil tali,
msoflios merve Cemopioni WadrakSi.
mxedari gansakuTrebli figuraa. mxolod mas

SeuZlia gadaaxtes rogorc sakuTar, ise metoqis
figuras. TeTr ujraze myofi mxedari mxolod Sav
ujraze gadaadgildeba da piriqiT, Sav ujraze
myofi mxedari - mxolod TeTr ujraze.
mxedris svla rom gaakeTdes, jer vertikalze
unda gadaiTvalos ori ujra, Semdeg horizon-
talze airCes erT-erTi mosazRvre ujra dasadgo-
mad. an kidev, jer horizontalze gadaiTvalos
31
ori ujra, Semdeg ki vertikalze airCes erT-erTi
mosazRvre ujra dasadgomad.
mxedari yovelTvis xteba sam ujraze da
ikavebs im ujras, romelzedac sakuTari figura
ar aris ganlagebuli. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ki aseT
ujraze metoqis figuraa, maSin mxedari klavs mas
da ikavebs mis adgils. mxedris samoZrao ujrebi
SeiZleba iyos yvelaze cota ori (kuTxeSi), xolo
yvelaze bevri - rva (centrSi).
mxedars SeuZlia daemuqros mowinaaRmdegis
figurebs, aseve daicvas Tavisi figurebi. mxedriT
ormagi dartymis gakeTebas `Cangali~ ewodeba.
mxedari Sorsmsroleli figura ar aris, magram
kusgan gansxvavebiT, SeuZlia sxvadasxva feris
ujraze gadaadgileba.

1) riT gansxvavdeba mxedari sxva figurebisgan?
2) rogor moZraobs mxedari?
3) ra zRudavs mxedris moZraobas?
4. ramdenia mxedris yvelaze meti samoZrao
ujra? yvelaze naklebi?
5. ramden ujraze SeuZlia gadaadgileba
mxedars a4 ujridan?
6. ras ewodeba `Cangali~?
7. kusgan gansxvavebiT ra SeuZlia mxedars?
8. ra feris ujraze dgas mxedari g1 ujraze da
ra feris ujraze gadava svlis gakeTebis
Semdeg?
32
9. ramden svlaSi miaRwevs a1 mxedari h8 ujras?
d8 mxedari d1 ujras?
davaleba #4
1. mocemulia pozicia: T.: le2, mc2 (2); S.: k b5 (1)
dawereT rveulSi im ujrebis saxelebi,
romlebzec laziers SeuZlia svlis gakeTeba.
2. mocemulia pozicia: T.: ld1 (1); S.: kb7, mf7 (2)
dawereT im ujrebis saxelebi, saidanac
laziers SeuZlia ormagi dartymis gakeTeba.
3. mocemulia pozicia: T.: mg5 (1); S.: kc5,l d8, eC8
(3). dawereT im ujrebis saxelebi, saidanac
mxedars SeuZlia `Canglis~ gakeTeba.
4. mocemuli pozicia: T.: mc6,კa5(2); S.: ld8, kb4,
pb7(3). dawereT im ujris saxelebi, romelze-
dac mxedars SeuZlia svlebis gakeTeba.
ramdeni svla sWirdeba a1 მხედარს b1 მხედრის

,,მოსაკლავად”?
33
$10. paiki. misi moZraobis wesebi.
,,WadrakiformiT TamaSia, SinaarsiT -

xelovneba,
xolo dauflebis sirTuliT-mecniereba.
tigran petrosiani,
msoflios mecxre Cempioni WadrakSi
paiki yvelaze susti, magram uSiSari mebrZo-

lia. paiks moZraobis xuTi wesi aqvs:
1. paiki gadaadgildeba mxolod vertikalur
xazze erT ujriT win.
2. paiks mxolod sawyisi poziciidan SeuZlia
gadaadgileba rogorc erTi, ise ori ujriT.
3. paiks ahyavs mowinaaRmdegis figura an paiki
mxolod diagonalur xazze erTi ujriT win.
4. Tu TeTrebis paiki imyofeba mexuTe hori-
zontalze da misi mosazRvre vertikalidan mowi-
naamRdegis paiki ori ujriT akeTebs svlas, maSin
TeTr paiks SeuZlia aiyvanos igi. paikiT ayvanis am
wess ,,gavliT~ ayvana ewodeba. analogiurad, Save-
bis paiks ,,gavliT~ ayvana mxolod meoTxe hori-
zontalidan SeuZlia.
5. Tu paiki mivida bolo horizontalze (TeT-
rebi merveze, Savebi pirvelze), maSin mas SeuZlia
gadaiqces Tavisive feris nebismier figurad,
mefis garda. paikis sxva figurad gadaqcevas
,,gacocxleba~ ewodeba.
34
`gacocxlebis~ dros paiki unda Seicvalos
romelime figuriT, TviTon ki dafidan gadaideba,
ris Semdegac svla dasrulebulad iTvleba.
gaxsovdeT, rom SeiZleba `gaacocxloT~ imdeni
lazieri, etli, ku an mxedari, ramden paiksac
gaiyvanT bolo horizontalze.
paikis dartymis ujra yvelaze cota SeiZleba
erTi iyos, xolo yvelaze bevri-ori. kidis
vertikalidan paiks mowinaaRmdegis mxolod erT
figuraze SeuZlia damuqreba, xolo sxva vertika-
lebidan - or ujraze. paikiT or figuraze
damuqrebas ,,Cangali~ ewodeba.
yvela figuras, romelsac Tavisi moZraobis
gzaze metoqis figura xvdeba, SeuZlia misi
`mokvla~. am mxriv paiki gamonaklisia. Tu mis win
metoqis figura dgas, maSin igi gaCerdeba. ese igi,
metoqis paikis gasaCereblad mas win unda dauye-
noT figura an paiki. paiki erTaderTi meomaria
WadrakSi, romelic ukan gadaadgileba ar
SeuZlia.

1. romel xazze gadaadgildeba paiki?
2. ra zRudavs paikis gadaadgilebas?
3. ramdenia paikis yvelaze meti samoZrao ujra?
4. aucilebelia Tu ara, sawyis poziciaSi paikma
pirdapir or ujraze iTamaSos?
5. rodis kargavs paiki or ujraze TamaSis
uflebas?
35
6. ra SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia paiks gavliT ayvana?
7. ras ewodeba `gacocxleba~?
8. romeli figurebis `gacocxleba~ SeiZleba?
9. ramdeni lazieri SeiZleba iyos dafaze
yvelaze bevri, Tu yvela paiki gacocxlda?
10. romeli figuris `gacocxleba~ ar SeiZleba?
$11. roqi. mokle roqi, grZeli

roqi.
,,CemTvis Wadraki upirveles yovlisa samarTliani

TamaSia. Tu Tqven dauSviT Secdoma, ar aris
aucilebeli saWadrako, Tugindac adamianuri xasiaTis,
magaliTad, jerovnad ver SeafaseT partniori,
gamoiCineT uyuradReboba, maSin dafasTan
aucileblad daisjebiT. am mxriv Wadraki Zalian
mkacria, ortodoqsaluria an rogorc me veZaxi,
samarTliani saqmea~.
boris spaski,
msoflios meaTe Cempioni WadrakSi.
roqi erTaderTi svlaa, romlis drosac erT-

droulad gadaadgildeba erTi feris ori figura
- mefe da etli. roqi keTdeba maSin, rodesac mefe
da etli sawyis poziciaSi imyofebian. roqis gake-
Tebisas jer mefes gadaadgileben or ujraze et-
lis mimarTulebiT da Semdeg etls - mefis gver-
diT. roqis mizania saimedod damalos sakuTari
mefe da TamaSSi Semoyvanos etli. roqi ori
36
saxisaa: mokle da grZeli. mokle roqi mefis flan-
gze keTdeba, xolo grZeli roqi - lazieris
flangze.
roqis gakeTeba ar SeiZleba, roca:
1. mefes svla aqvs gakeTebuli;
2. etls svla aqvs gakeTebuli;
3. mefes qiSi aqvs;
4. mefe roqis gakeTebis SemTxvevaSi qiSis
ujraze aRmoCndeba;
5. mefe roqis gakeTebisas qiSis ujraze
gaivlis.
partiis msvlelebisas roqis gakeTebis ufle-
ba moWadrakes mxolod erTxel aqvs. mas Semdeg,
rac Tqven gaicaniT yvela figura, maTi Seda-
rebiTi Rirebuleba, moZraobis wesebi, isic Tu
rogor klaven isini mowinaaRmdegis figurebs da
ramdenime saWadrako gamoTqmasa da termins, Sevis-
wavloT kidev ramdenime saWadrako termini.
manevri aris saerTo miznis misaRwevad ori
an meti figuris erToblivi moqmedeba.
gegma WadrakSi aris garkveuli miznis misaR-
wevad svlebis erToblioba.
gaxsnili qiSi aris pozicia, sadac erTi
figura meores gzas gauxsnis mowinaaRmdegis mefe-
ze dasamuqreblad.
ormagi qiSi aris qiSi, rodesac mefeze ori
figuriT erTdroulad xdeba damuqreba.
saSamaTo pozicia aris pozicia, romelSic
mefe ukve SamaTdeba.
37
daxSuli SamaTi aris iseTi SamaTi, romelSic
gamarjvebuli mxare mxolod erTi figuriT aSama-
Tebs mowinaaRmdegis mefes, romelsac Tavisive
figurebi uneblied xels uSlian.
mudmivi qiSi aris mdgomareoba, roca mefes
ganuwyveteli qiSebis acileba ar SeuZlia.
forsirebuli varianti aris svlebis seria,
roca erT-erTi mxare qmnis muqarebs da meore
mxare Tavs icavs.
kombinacia aris forsirebuli varianti Sewir-
viT, romlis daxmarebiT an SamaTi keTdeba an
materialuri upiratesoba miiReba an xarisxobri-
vad umjobesdeba pozicia.
da bolos davasrulod meore paragrafSi
ganxiluli saWadrako marTlwera anu saWadrako
notacia. gvaqvs aRniSnebi:
SamaTi # nebismieri svla ~
qiSi + mokle roqi 0-0
ormagi qiSi ++ grZeli roqi 0-0-0
svlis gakeTeba _ TeTrebi T.:
ayvana : Savebi S.:
kargi svla ! TeTrebis mogeba 1-0
SesaniSnavi svla !! Savebis mogeba 0-1
cudi svla ? yaimi 0,5-0,5
Zalian cudi svla ?? saeWvo svla ?!

saintereso svla !? gaurkveveli pozicia
38
1. ras ewodeba roqi?
2. ramdeni saxisaa roqi?
3. rogor keTdeba roqi?
4. ratom aris saWiro roqis gakeTeba?
5. partiis dros ramdenjer SeiZleba roqis
gakeTeba?
6. rodis ar SeiZleba roqis gakeTeba?
D
davaleba #5
1. mocemul poziciaSi ise gaakeTeT SavebiTY
roqi, rom TeTri mefe qiSis qveS aRmoCndes.
2. mocemulia pozicia T.: mf e1, e a1, eh1; p. p.:

a2, c2, d4, f2, g2, h2 (9)
S.: mf e8, lb5; p. p.: b7, c7, d5, f7, g7, h7 (8)
39
romel mxares SeuZliaT TeTrebs roqis gake-
Teba?
3. mocemulia pozicia: T.: mf e1, e a1, eh1, m f8;
p. p.: a2, b2, c2, f2, g2, h2 (10)
S.: mf e8, e a8, eh8, kc1; p. p.: a7, b7, c7, f7, g7, h7
(10)
romel mxares SeuZliaT TeTrebs da Savebs
roqis gakeTeba?
4. mocemulia pozicia T.: mf e1, lb3, e a1, e
h1, m c3, kc8; p. p.: a2, b2, c2, f2, g3, h3 (12)
S.: mf e8, lh6, e a8, eh8, kc6, m f6; p. p.: a7, b7, c7,
g7, h7 (11)
romel mxares SeuZliaT TeTrebs da Savebs
roqis gakeTeba?
40
gavlili masalis Semowmeba
testi #1
,,moWadrake Semtevi unda iyos, igi
yovelTvis unda eZebdes mogebis gzas~.
robert fiSeri,
msoflios meTerTmete Cempioni WadrakSi.
aq moyvanili kiTxvebiT Sedgenilia pirveli

testis ori varianti, romlebSic unda Semovxa-
zoT swori pasuxebi (romelic an erTia an
ramdenime).
1) Wadrakis dafa formiT aris:
a)samkuTxedi b) wre g) kvadrati d) marTkuTxedi
2) Wadrakis dafis ujrebis ferebia:
a) Savi b) wiTeli g) TeTri d) mwvane
3) kuTxis ujra sul aris:
a) erTi b) oTxi g) Svidi d) rva
4) horizontali aris:
a) daxrili xazi b) sigrZivi xazi g) ganivi xazi
d) vertikaluri xazi
5) horizontalebi sul aris:
a) rva b) aTi g) erTi d) oTxi
6) vertikali aris:
d) horizontaluri xazi
7) diagonali aris:
a) daxrili xazi b) sigrZivi xazi
g) ganivi xazi d)wyvetili xazi
8) diagonalebi aris:
41
a) rva b) aTi g) cameti d)ToTxmeti
9) bolo horizontalia:
a) pirveli b) mesame g) meSvide d) merve
10) centraluri vertikalebia:
a) a b) d g) h d) e
11) kidis vertikalebia:
a) a b) d g) h d) e
12) TeTrebis naxevaria:
a) 1,2,3,4 b) e,f, g, h g) 5,6,7,8 d) a,b,c,d
13) mefis flangia:
a)1,2,3,4 b) e,f, g, h g)5,6,7,8 d)a,b,c,d
14) Wadrakis figurebis ferebia:
a) TeTri b) wiTeli g) Savi d) mwvane
15) mefes SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
a) horizontalis erT ujraze
b) vertikalze ori ujriT
g) diagonalze sami ujriT
d) oTxive mimarTulebiT or_ori ujriT
16) etli gadaadgildeba:
a) horizontalze b) diagonalze g) vertikalze
d) yvela mimarTulebiT
17) etls SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
a)erT ujraze b) Svid ujraze
g) aT ujraze d) camet ujraze
18) etls h1 ujridan SeuZlia svla gaakeTos
Semdeg ujrebze:a) h8 b) a8 g) a1 d) d5
19) qiSi aris:
a) mefeze damuqreba b) paikze damuqreba
g) lazierze damuqreba
42
d) erTdroulad or figuraze damuqreba
20) SamaTi aris:
a) mefis datyveveba b) lazieris datyveveba
g) etlis datyveveba d) mxedris datyveveba
21) pati niSnavs:
a) mogebas b) wagebs g) yaims d) partia Tavidan
unda gaTamaSdes
22) ku gadaadgildeba:
d) vertikalze an horizontalze
23) ku svlas akeTebs:
a) erT ujraze b) Svid ujraze g) rva ujraze
d) aT ujraze
24) lazieri moZraobs:
d) mxolod win yvela mimarTulebiT
25) lazieri svlas akeTebs:
a)erT ujraze b)ormoc ujraze g)ocdaSvid ujraze
d) samocdasam ujraze
26) mxedari gadaadgildeba:
a)horizontalze b)gansakuTrebuli wesiT
g)diagonalze d) vertikalze
27) mxedari svlis gakeTebisas:
a) icvlis ujris fers b) ar icvlis ujris fers
g) axteba Tavis figuras da ar icvlis ujris
fers
d) axteba mowinaaRmdegis figuras da icvlis
ujris fers
28) paiki svlas akeTebs:
43
a)win b)ukan g)win diagonalze d) ukan vertikalze
29) paiks SeuZlia `moklas~:
a) Tavisi figura vertikalze
b)mowinaaRmdegis figura horizontalze
g) mowinaaRmdegis figura an paiki win diagonalze
d) mowinaaRmdegis figura, romelic mis win
dgas
30) paiks SeuZlia `gacocxldes~:
a) lazierad b) mefed g) etlad d) paikad
31) mefesTan erTad roqs akeTebs: a) lazieri
b) etli g) mxedari d) ku
32) roqi SeiZleba iyos: a) mokle b) saSualo
g) grZeli d) Zalian greZeli
a) tolia b) lazieri g) etli da ku
d) lazieri metia sami paikiT
34) ori ku, mxedari da paiki ukeTesia Tu ori
etli?
a) ori etli b) ori ku, mxedari da paiki g)
tolia d) Sedareba ar SeiZleba
a)mefe b) tolia g) lazieri da etli d) Sedareba
ar SeiZleba.
36) mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi qiSs
gamoacxadeben, Tu iTamaSeben:
a) e c6 b) e h1 g) e c8 d) e f1
44
37) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze svla Savebisa.
maSin: a) TamaSi grZeldeba b) SamaTia g) patia d)
partia Tavidan unda gaTamaSdes:
38) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze kus e4 ujri-

dan SeuZlia svla gaakeTos Semdeg ujrebze: a) a1
b) a8 გ) h8 დ)h1
45
39) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze laziers с2
უჯრიდან შეუძლია სვლის გაკეთება: ა) a5 ბ) c1 გ) h7
დ) d1
40) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze daasaxeleT is

ujra, romelzedac `gacocxlebuli~ figura ar
daikargeba: a) c8 ბ)d8 გ)e8 დ) b8
46
47
Wadraki damwyebTaTvis
testi #1
varianti #1
studenti --------------------------------------------------------
SemoxazeT swori pasuxebi.

1) Wadrakis dafa formiT aris:
a) samkuTxedi b) wre g) kvadrati d) marTkuTxedi
2) kuTxis ujra sul aris:
a) erTi b) oTxi g) Svidi d) rva
3) horizontalebi sul aris:
a) rva b) aTi g) erTi d) oTxi
4) diagonali aris:
d) wyvetili xazi
5) centraluri vertikalebia:
a) a b) d GGg) h d) e
6) TeTrebis naxevaria:
a) 1,2,3,4 b) e,f, g, h g) 5,6,7,8 d) a,b,c,d
7) Wadrakis figurebis ferebia:
a) TeTri b) wiTeli g) Savi d) mwvane
8) etli gadaadgildeba:
a) horizontalze b) diagonalze g) vertikalze d)
yvela mimarTulebiT
9) etls h1 ujridan SeuZlia svla gaakeTos
Semdeg ujrebze:
a)h8 b) a8 g)a1 d)d5
10) SamaTi aris:
a) mefis datyveveba b) lazieris datyveveba
48
g) etlis datyveveba d) mxedris datyveveba
11) ku gadaadgildeba:
d)vertikalze an horizontalze
12) lazieri moZraobs:
d) win yvela mimarTulebiT
13) mxedari gadaadgildeba:
a)horizontalze b) gansakuTrebuli wesiT
g) diagonalze d) vertikalze
14) paiks SeuZlia `moklas~:
a) Tavisi figura vertikalze b) mowinaaRmdegis
figura horizontalze g) mowinaaRmdegis figura
an paiki win diagonalze d) mowinaaRmdegis
figura, romelic mis win dgas
15) mefesTan erTad roqs akeTebs:
a) lazieri b) etli g) mxedari d) ku
a) tolia b) lazieri g) etli da ku d) lazieri
metia sami paikiT
a)mefe b) tolia g) lazieri da etli d) Sedareba
ar SeiZleba
18)mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi qiSs gamoacxa-
deben, Tu iTamaSeben:
a) e c6 b) e h1 g) e c8 d) e f1
49
19) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze svla Savebisa,
maSin:
a) TamaSi grZeldeba b) SamaTia g) patia
d) partia Tavidan unda gaTamaSdes.
50
20) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze daasaxeleT is
ujra, romelzedac `gacocxlebuli~
figura ar daikargeba: a) c8 ბ)d8 გ)e8
დ)b8
Sefaseba --------------------------------------------------
pedagogi --------------------------------------------------
51
testi #1
varianti #2
studenti ----------------------------------------------------
SemovxazeT swori pasuxebi.

1) Wadrakis dafis ujrebis ferebia:
a) Savi b) wiTeli g) TeTri d) mwvane
2) horizontali aris:
d) vertikaluri xazi
3) vertikali aris:
d) horizontaluri xazi
4) diagonalebi aris:
a) rva b) aTi g) cameti d) ocdaeqvsi
5) bolo horizontalebia:
a) pirveli b) mesame g) meSvide d) merve
6) kidis vertikalebia:
a) a b) d GGg) h d) e
7) mefis flangia:
a) 1,2,3,4 b) e,f, g, h g) 5,6,7,8 d) a,b,c,d
8) mefes SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
a) horizontalis erT ujraze b) vertikalze ori
ujriT g)diagonalze sami ujriT d)oTxive mimar-
TulebiT or_ori ujriT
9) etls SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
52
a) erT ujraze b) Svid ujraze g) aT ujraze d)
camet ujraze
10) qiSi aris:
a) mefeze damuqreba b) paikze damuqreba g)
lazierze damuqreba d) erTdroulad or figura-
ze damuqreba
11) pati niSnavs:
a) mogebas b) wagebs g) yaims d) partia Tavidan
unda gaTamaSdes
12) ku SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
a) erT ujraze b) Svid ujraze g) rva ujraze d)
aT ujraze
13) lazieri SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
a) erT ujraze b) ormoc ujraze g) ocdaSvid
ujraze d) samocdasam ujraze
14) mxedari svlis gakeTebisas:
a) icvlis ujris fers b) ar icvlis ujris fers
g) axteba Tavis figuras da ar icvlis ujris
fers d) axteba mowinaaRmdege figuras da icvlis
ujris fers
15) paiki SeuZlia svla gaakeTos:
a) win b) ukan g) win diagonalze d) ukan verti-
kalze
16) paiks SeuZlia `gacocxldes~:
a) lazierad b) mefed g) etlad d) paikad
17) roqi SeiZleba iyos:
a) mokle b) saSualo g) grZeli d) Zalian greZeli
18) ori ku, mxedari da paiki ukeTesia Tu ori
etli?
a) ori etli b) ori ku, mxedari da paiki g) tolia
d) Sedareba ar SeiZleba
19) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze kus e4 ujridan
SeuZlia svla gaakeTos Semdeg ujrebze:
a) a1 b) a8 გ) h8 დ)h1
53
20) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze laziers с2 უჯ-
რიდან შეუძლია სვლის გაკეთება: ა) a5 ბ) c1
გ) h7 დ) d1
Sefaseba ------------------------------------------------
pedagogi ------------------------------------------------
54
$12. aucilebeli wesebi Wadrakis TamaSis dros.
,,Sejibreba bavSvebs aswavlis ara marto

TamaSsa da fiqrs, aramed maT umaRlebs
koreqtulobas, aswavlis sazogadoebaSi
Tavis marTvas da mowinaaRmdegis
pativiscemas~
anatoli karpovi,
msoflios meTormete Cempioni
WadrakSi.
Wadrakis TamaSisas partniorebma garkveuli wese-

bi unda daicvan:
1. TamaSi unda tardebodes wynar garemoSi. Wadra-
kis moTamaSe mowinaaRmdeges Tavazianad unda
eqceodes, ijdes mSvidad da wynarad.
2. saWadrako partiis win moTamaSeebi erTmaneTs
xelis CamorTmeviT esalmebian.
3. saWadrako svla keTdeba erTi xeliT, erTi
figuriT. ujraze mxolod erTi figuris dasma
SeiZleba.
4. Tu sakuTar figuras xels mokidebT - unda
iTamaSoT (Tu SesaZlebelia).
5. Tu metoqis figuras xeli SeaxeT, is aucile-
blad unda moklaT (Tu SesaZlebelia).
6. Tu figura sxva ujraze gadadgiT da xeli
gauSviT, svla gakeTebulad iTvleba da misi ukan
dabruneba ar SeiZleba. Tu figurisTvis xeli ar
gagviSviaT, maSin SegiZliaT is sxva ujrazec
iTamaSoT (Tu SesaZlebelia).
7. Tu gindaT figuris gasworeba, maSin Tqveni
svlis dros unda TqvaT sityva ,,vasworeb~ da
Semdeg gaasworoT nebismieri figura an figurebi.
55
8. roqis gakeTebisas jer mefe unda gadaadgiloT,
Semdeg etli.
9. raime gaugebrobis SemTxvevaSi unda mimarToT
msajs.
amgvarad, moWadrake TamaSis dros unda icavdes
Semdeg qcevis wesebs:
TamaSs iwyeb? - xeli CamoarTvi metoqes
misalmebis niSnad.
figuras Seexe? - aucileblad unda iTamaSo!
figuras xeli gauSvi? - svla gakeTebulia.
gverdze nu iyurebi! dajeqi sworad! Tavi Sei-
kave, ar isaubro! RiRini dauSvebelia! daicavi
siCume! nu itireb, nurc icineb! figurebiT nu
gaerTobi! Cxubi akrZalulia!
waage? - xeli CamoarTvi mogebuls da miuloce!
am qcevis wesebis dacva yvela moTamaSesaTvis
savaldebuloa.
SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi.

1. romelia qcevis araswori formebi Wadrakis
TamaSis dros?
2. rogor unda moiqceT, Tu sakuTar figuras
SeexeT?
3. rodis iTvleba svla dasrulebulad?
4. erT ujraze ramdeni figuris dasma SeiZleba?
5. rogor unda moiqceT Tu romelime figuris
gasworeba gindaT?
6. maqsimum ramdeni figuris gasworeba SegiZliaT?
7. rogor unda moiqceT, Tu mowinaaRmdegis
figuras SeexeT?
56
$13. saWadrako marTlwera.
,,yovelTvis maocebs saWadrako

problemebis
simravle da sul ufro da ufro
vrwmundebi
Wadrakis SeucnoblobaSi~
gari kasparovi,
msoflios mecamete Cempioni
WadrakSi
wina paragrafebSi Tqven SeiswavleT Wadrakis

marTlwera anu Wadrakis notacia, romelic iZle-
va partiebis, amocnebis, etiudebis Cawerisa da
saWadrako literaturis gamocemis saSualebas.
partiis Cawerisas figuris Semoklebul saxels
weren, Semdeg aRniSnaven im ujras, romelzec idga
figura da Semdeg im ujras, romelzec is wavida.
paikis svlis dros misi saxeli ar iwereba. uj-
rebs Soris aRiniSneba svlis an mokvlis niSani.
qiSis, SamaTis an kargi an cudi svlis aRmniSvnel
niSans uCveneben svlis bolos.
notaciaSi ricxvebiT aRniSnaven svlebis rigs.
jer iwereba TeTrebis svla, Semdeg-Savebis.
magaliTze vnaxoT, Tu rogor iwereba partiis
msvleloba.
1. e2-e4 e7-e5 2. ld1-C5 mfe8-e7?? 3. lh5: e5#
partiis Caweris aRniSnul sistemas sruli
notacia ewodeba. xSirad iyeneben partiis Caweris
Semoklebul notaciasac. aseT dros aRniSnaven
57
svlis rigs, figuris Semoklebul saxelwodebas
da mxolod im ujras, romelzedac es figura
gadaadgildeba. moviyvanoT ori magaliTi:
1. e4 e5 2. lh5 mfe7?? 3.ლ:e5#;
1.g4 e5 2. f3?? lh4#
poziciis Cawera Semdegnairad xdeba: jer
vwerT TeTri figurebis ganlagebas, Semdeg - Savi
figurebis. figurebi iwereba aseTi Tanmimdev-
robiT: mefe, lazieri, etli, ku, mxedari, paiki.
paikebis an ori erTnairi figuris Cawerisas
Tanmimdevroba ganisazRvreba vertikalebis mixed-
viT a vertikalidan h vertikalis mimarTulebiT.
ganvixiloT magaliTebi. zemoT moyvanili pirveli
magaliTis safinalo pozicia ase Caiwereba:
T.: mf e1, l e5, e a1, e h1, k c1, k f1, m b1, m g1;
p.p.: a2, b2, c2, d2, e4, f2, g2, h2 (16);
S.: mf e8, l d8, e a8, e h8, k c8, k f8, m b8, m g8;
p.p.: a7, b7, c7, d7, f7, g7, h7 (15);
meore magaliTis safinalo pozicia ase Caiwereba:
T.: mf e1, l d1, e a1, e h1, k c1, k f1, m b1, m g1;
p.p.: a2, b2, c2, d2, e2, f3,
g4, h2 (16);
S.: mf e8, l h4, e a8, e h8, k c8, k f8, m b8, m g8;
p.p.: a7, b7, c7, d7, e5,
f7, g7, h7 (16);
58
1. ra aris saWadrako notacia?
2. partiis Caweris ramdeni xerxi arsebobs da
ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris?
3. rogor xdeba poziciis Cawera?
davaleba #6
1. sruli notaciiT CawereT Semdegi partia: 1. e1 c5
2. m f3 m c6 3. d4 cd 4. m d4 e5 5. m f5 m ge7?? 6.
m d6 #
2. mokle notaciiT CawereT Semdegi partia: 1. e2-
e4 e7-e5 2. m g1-f3 m b8-c6 3. k f1-c4 d7-d6 4. m
b1-c3 k c8-g4 5. 0-0 m c6-d4 6. m f3: e5 k g4:
d1?? 7. k c4: f7+ mf e8-e7 8. m c3-d5 #
3. CawereT mocemuli poziciebi saWadrako
notaciiT da monaxeT SamaTi erT svlaSi.
59
SamaTi SamaTi TeTrebiTac da
SavebiTac
$14.saSamaTo poziciebi: ori

etliT;
lazieriT da etliT.
,,Wadraki-es sportia, brZolaa, xolo brZolaSi
uriskod gamarjveba Znelicaa da, rac mTavaria,
mosawyenic~
nona gafrindaSvili,
msoflios mexuTe Cempioni WadrakSi.
arsebobs mravali saxis saSamaTo pozicia: erT-

svliani, orsvliani, samsvliani da ase Semdeg.
ganvixiloT ramdenime maTgani. daviwyoT marto-
xela mefis daSamaTebiT ori etlis saSualebiT.
amisaTvis saWiroa mefis iZulebiT miyvana pirvel
an merve horizontalze, an a an h vertikalze da
Semdeg misi daSamaTeba. qvemod moyvanil diag-
ramaze naCvenebia SamaTi ori etliT.
60
SamaTis dros etlebs sakuTari mefis
daxmareba ar sWirdebaT. erTi etli akontrolebs
meSvide horizontals, meore etli ki-merve hori-
zontals da emuqreba Sav mefes. ase harmoniulad
unda imoqmedon etlebma anu ori etliT SamaTis
gasakeTeblad mefe unda ,,mivimwyvdoT~ dafis
ganpira xazze, risTvisac saWiroa etlebis monacv-
leobiT gadaadgileba.
diagramaze mocemulia etlebis bolos wina
gadaadgileba
1. e a6-ეa8#
ganvixiloT Semdegi saSamaTo poziciebi
61
marcxena diagramaze a6 etls ,,moWrili~
hyavs mowinaaRmdegis mefe meeqvse horizontalze.
mefis ganapira xazze misamwyvevlad TeTrebma
,,Tavisufali~ etli b5 dan unda iTamaSon b7-ze:
1. e b5- b7+ mf (nebismieri svla merve xazze)
2. e a6- a8#
marjvena diagramaze mocemulia pozicia,
romelSic momdevno svlaze SamaTia. rogorc
viciT, aseT poziciebs gardauvali SamaTis
poziciebi ewodeba. TeTrebi akeTeben momlodine
svlas mefiT. Savebs aqvT erTaderTi svla mf c8-
d8 da Rebuloben SamaTs e a8# an e b8#
ganvixiloT pozicia martoxela mefiT
centrSi da vnaxoT rogor unda daSamaTdes is.
62
TeTrebma jer unda gaakontrolon meoTxe
horizontali 1. e a4 mf d5
Tavisufali etli ,,moWris~ mefes me-5 hori-
zontalidan da ase nabij-nabij miimwyvdeven mefes
me-8 horizontalze.
2. e b5+ mf c6 3. e aa5 mf c7 4. e a6 mf d7 5.e b7+ mfc8
6. e aa7 mf d8 7. e a8#
lazieriT da etliT SamaTi analogiurad
keTdeba. gaakeTeT damoukideblad, magaliTad,
Semdegi poziciidan: T.: mfe1, lb1, ea1(3)
S.: mfe5 (1)
1. ras ewodeba saSamaTo pozicia?
2. ras ewodeba daxSuli SamaTi?
3. ras ewodeba gardauvali SamaTi?
4. ori etliT daSamaTebisas sad unda
gandevnoT metoqis mefe?
5. rogor moqmedeben etlebi martoxela mefis
daSamaTebis dros?
6. rogor keTdeba SamaTi lazieriT da etliT?
7. romelia ufro advilad gasakeTebeli SamaTi
ori etliT, Tu SamaTi lazieriT da etliT?
63
davaleba # 7
1. qvemoT mocemul or diagramaze gaakeTeT

SamaTi erT svlaSi.
2. Semdeg or diagramaze gaakeTeT SamaTi or

svlaSi.
64
3. Semedeg or diagramaze SamaTi gaakeTeT rac
SeiZleba swrafad.
4. qvemoT mocemul diagramaze gaakeTeT SamaTi

erT svlaSi eqvsnairad.
65
$15. lazieriT SamaTi.
etliT SamaTi.
,,roca Wadraks pirvelad gavecani, zRaprul

samyarod meCvena. saocaria! seriozulad
Seswavlis
Semdegac igi CemTvis kvlav zRapruli darCa~
maia CiburdaniZe,
msoflios meeqvse Cempioni WadrakSi.
lazieriT SamaTis gamocxadebisas aucile-

belia metoqis mefis gandevna dafis kideze.
Semdeg sakuTari mefis daxmarebiT iolia metoqis
mefis daSamaTeba. lazieri erTaderTi figuraa,
romelsac martos SeuZlia metoqis mefis dafis
kuTxisaken gandevna. amisaTvis igi unda dadges
mowinaaRmdegis mefisgan mxedris svlis daSore-
biT. magaliTisaTvis ganvixiloT Semdegi pozicia
#1.
T.: mfe1, ld1, (2); S.: mf e5 (1) viTamaSoT
Semdegnairad:
1. ld3 mff4 2. mfe2 mfe5 3. lc4 mff5 4. ld4
mfg5
5. le4 mff6 6. ld5 mfg6 7. le5 mfh6 8. lf5
mfg7
9. le6 mfh7 10. lf6 mfg8 11. le7 mfh8 12. mfg3!
(ar varga 12 lf7? radgan patia). mfg8 13. mfg4 mfh8
14. mfg5 mfg8 15. lg6 mfh8 da SamaTi
SegviZlia gamovacxadoT xuTnairad. ipoveT isini.
pozicia #2. T.: mff3, lc7 (2); S.: mfa8(1)
66
1. ld7 mfb8; 2. mfe4 mfa8 3. mfd5 mfb8 4. mfc6
mfa8 5. lb7#
qvemoT moyvanil diagramaze mocemulia
SamaTis ramdenime tipobrivi pozicia.
etli da mefe metoqis mefes dafis kideze

aSamaTeben. saSamaTo poziciaSi mefeebi pirispir
dganan. etli ki mefes emuqreba.
qvemoT moyvanil diagramebze naCvenebia SamaTis
tipobrivi poziciebi.
67
ganvixiloT mowinaaRmdegis daSamaTebis ori
tipiuri magaliTi etliTa da mefiT. pirvel
poziciaSi Savi mefe moWrilia bolo horizon-
talze.
T.: mfd1, ea7 (2) S.: mfe8 (1)
1. mfe2 mfd8 2. mfd3 mfc8 3. mfc4 mfb8 4.
eh7 mfc8 5. mfd5 mfd8 6. mfe6! mefe gzas uRobavs
metoqis mefes etlisaken (6... mfe8 7.eh8#) 6... mfc8
7. mfd6 mfb8 8. mfc6 mfa8 9. mfb6 mfb8 10 . eh8#.
meore magaliTSi martoxela Savi mefe dafis
centrSia.
T.: mfa1, eh1 (2) S.: mfd5 (1)
1. eh4! mefes moeWra meoTxe horizontalze
gadasasvleli.
1. mfe5 2. mfb2 mfd5 3. mfc3 mfe5 4. mfd3
mff5 5. mfe3 mfg5 6. ef4! TeTrebi TandaTanobiT
aviwroeben Sav mefes 6... mfg6 7. mfe4 mfg5 8. mfe5
mfg6 9. ef5 mfg7 10. f6 mfg8 11.mff5 mfg7 12.mfg5
mfg8 13. mfg6 mfh8 14. ef8#.
68
1. SeuZlia Tu ara laziers mefis dauxmareblad
SamaTis gamocxadeba?
2. SeuZlia Tu ara laziers martom gandevnos
mefe dafis kuTxeSi?
3. lazieriTa da mefiT romel xazze SeiZleba
martoxela mefis daSamaTeba?
4. dafis romel adgilze SeiZleba etliT da
mefiT metoqis mefis daSamaTeba?
5. SeuZlia Tu ara etls martom gandevnos mefe
dafis kideze?
davaleba #8
1. T.: mfc5, le2 (1); S.: mfa4 (1). SamaTi erT
svlaSi.
2. T.: mfd3, lb2 (2); S.: mff1 (1). SamaTi or svlaSi.
3. T.: mfd6, ld1 (2); S.: mfd8 (1). SamaTi or
svlaSi.
4. T.: mfc4, lh7 (2); S.: mfa3 (1). SamaTi or
svlaSi.
5. T.: mfc6, lh1 (2); S.: mfb8 (1). SamaTi or
svlaSi.
6. T.: mff5, la5 (2); S.: mfh5 (1). SamaTi or svlaSi
samnairad.
7. T.: mff6, lf5 (2); S.: mfg8 (1). SamaTi or svlaSi
oTxnairad.
69
$16. muqara. dacva. dabma.
,,Wadraki ar aris mxolod qalaqis, qveynis

da msoflios pirvelobebi. igi upirveles
yovlisa adamianTa urTierTobaa~.
JuJa polgari,
msoflios merve Cempioni WadrakSi.
mowinaaRmdegis figuris udanakargod an

mcire danakargiT ayvanas figuris mogeba ewodeba.
figuris mosagebad saWiroa masze ieriSis mitana
anu damuqreba. rogorc ukve viciT, muqaris moge-
riebis anu dacvis ramdenime saSualeba arsebobs:
1. muqaris Semqmneli figuris ayvana
2. muqaris ujridan figuris gadaadgileba
3. sxva figuriT dacva
4. muqaris xazis gadaketva
5. samagiero muqaris Seqmna
6. muqaris Semqmneli figuris dabma
cxadia, yvelaze Zlieri muqara SamaTis
muqaraa. ki magram ra aris dabma? mdgomareobas,
roca romelime figuras gadaadgileba ar
SeuZlia, dabma ewodeba.
dabmas mxolod Sorsmsroleli figurebi -
lazieri, etli an ku akeTeben. dabmaSi ZiriTadad
sami figura monawileobs:
1. dambmeli figura; 2. dabmuli figura;
3. dabmul figuras Sefarebuli figura.
dabma ori saxisaa: sruli da arasruli.
mefeze figuris dabmas sruli dabma ewodeba.
magaliTi: T.: mfg1, ea1 (2); S.: mfe8, kd4 (2). 1.
ea1-e1 svliT TeTrebma gaakeTes Savebis kus
70
sruli dabma, radgan ku mefezea Camofarebuli da
misi wasvliT mefes qiSi gaexsneba.
sruli dabmis dros dabmul figuras
gadaadgileba ar SeuZlia. figuris dabmas mefis
garda sxva figuraze arasruli dabma ewodeba.
magaliTi: T.: mfg2, eg1, kc1 (3); S.: mfg8, ed8, mf6 (3)
1. kc1-g5 svliT TeTrebi abamen Savebis
mxedars. Tu is gadaadgildeba, Savebi dakargaven
etls.'
1. ra aris muqara?
2. dacvis ra saSualebebi arsebobs?
3. ras ewodeba dabma?
4. romel figurebs SeuZliaT dabmis gakeTeba?
5. ras ewodeba sruli dabma? arasruli dabma?
6. romeli dabmis dros SeuZlia figuras
gadaadgileba?
$17. saWadrako partiis sami nawili: debiuti,

mitelSpili, endSpili.
,,WeSmariti saWadrako kompozitoris Semoqmedeba

ukvdavia. is cocxlobs Tavis nawarmoebebSi, vidre
misi qmnileba kvlavindeburad interesis aRmZvrelia~.
daviT gurgeniZe,
msoflios Cempioni saWadrako kompoziciaSi
saWadrako partia pirobiTad sam nawilad

iyofa: dasawyisi, Sua TamaSi da daboloeba. maT
Sesabamisad ewodebaT: debiuti, mitelSpili da
71
endSpili. debiutSi unda ixelmZRvaneloT Semdegi
principebiT:
1. TamaSs centraluri paikebiT iwyebT.
2. rac SeiZleba swrafad ganaviTareT msubuqi
figurebi.
3. droulad gaakeTeT roqi.
4. etlebi daayeneT Ria xazebze.
5. orive ku ganaTavseT Ria diagonalebze.
6. mxedrebiT gaakontroleT centraluri
ujrebi.
7. figurebs Soris daamyareT urTierTkavSiri.
maSasadame, debiutSi orive mxaris mizania
daikavos centri, ganaviTaros figurebi da
moemzados SetevisaTvis.
saWiroa gaiTvaliswinoT:
1. erideT debiutSi kidura paikebiT TamaSs.
2. nu iTamaSebT mxolod paikebiT.
3. nu gaakeTebT erTi figuriT zedized
ramdenime svlas.
4. nu CaketavT sakuTar figurebs.
5. ar datovoT mefe centrSi.
6. erideT lazieris Seyvanas TamaSSi
naadrevad.
7. roqis Semdeg mefis win mdebare paikebi ar
gawioT or ujraze.
8. mxedrebi ar daayenoT dafis kuTxeSi an
kideSi.
ganvixiloT samagaliTo partia: 1. e4 e5 2.
mf3 mc6
72
TeTrebma mxedari ganaviTares centrisaken da
Tan daemuqrnen Sav paiks. 3. kc4 kc5 4. d3 mge7
orive mxarem ganaviTara ku da mizanSi
amoiRo Sesabamisad f7 da f2 ujrebi, rogorc
yvelaze susti ujrebi - maT mxolod mefeebi
icaven. Semdeg TeTrebma meore kus gauxsnes gza.
Savebis mxedari jobda gadasuliyo f6 ujraze -
centrisken axlos. 5. mg5 0-0 6.lh5 h6
7. m:f7 le8? 8. mh6++ mfh8 9.mf7++ mfg8 10.lh8#
mitelSpili saWadrako partiis yvelaze sain-
tereso stadiaa. aq sxva stadiebTan SedarebiT,
ufro xSirad gvxdeba lamazi kombinaciebi, pozi-
ciuri manevrebi, saintereso gegmebi, Seupovari
dacva.
mitelSpilis ZiriTadi principia figuraTa
moqmedebis koordinacia. rac ufro SeTanxmebu-
lad moqmedeben figurebi, miT ufro met Zalas
avlens TiToeuli maTgani. moWadrakem Sua
TamaSSi sworad unda Seafasos pozicia da am
Sefasebis mixedviT Seadginos Sesabamisi saTa-
maSo gegma, daiwyos konkretuli svlis Zieba,
masTan dakavSirebuli variantebis gaTvliT.
poziciis Sefaseba xdeba Semdegi elementebis

mixedviT:
1. materialuri Tanafardoba,
2. ganviTareba,
3. mefisa da figurebis ganlageba,
4. paikTa struqtura,
73
5. susti da Zlieri ujrebi,
6. centri,
7. sivrce, Ria xazebisa da diagonalebis
floba.
moWadrakem SemoqmedebiTad unda Seafasos es
elementebi, gaarkvios romelia aRniSnul
poziciaSi ufro mniSvnelovani da dasaxos misi
gamoyenebis gzebi. ganvixiloT magaliTi:
gafrindaSvili-servanti, 1971weli.
TeTrebis me-15 svlisaTvis Seiqmna Semdegi

pozicia:
T.: mfe1, ld1, ea1, eh1, ke2, kg7; p.p.: a2, b2, c4, f2,
h2 (11)
S.: mfg8, lg2, ea8, ef8, kc8; p.p.: a7, b7, d7, f7, g6,
h7 (11)
SevafasoT pozicia: materialuri upiratesoba
Savebis mxaresaa, radgan TeTrebis ori figura
muqaris qveSaa da gagrZelebiT
15 ef1 mf:g7 an 15 kf8 l: h1+16 mfd2 l: d1+ 17
e:d1 mf:f8 Savebs zedmeti paiki darCebaT. meores
mxriv, Savebis lazieris flangi ganuviTarebelia,
mefis irgvliv Savi ujrebi dasustebulia. saerTo
jamSi TeTrebis pozicia ukeTesia. maT energi-
ulad unda iTamaSon, Sewirvebs ar moeridon da
Seution mefes, rasac akeTeben kidevac:
74
15ld4!! l:h1+ 16mfd2 l:a1 17lf6! l:a2 18kh6 da
Savebi danebdnen, radgan lg7 SamaTisagan dacva
ar aris.
endSpili Wadrakis partiis daskvniTi nawi-
lia. endSpilSi kargi TamaSiT moWadrake iyenebs
debiutSi an mitelSpilSi miRweul upiratesobas
an gadaarCens uares partias.
endSpilis analizi da klasifikacia Sedare-
biT advilia, vidre Wadrakis partiis sxva stadi-
ebisa. aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi mravali endS-
pilis pozicia zustad iqna Seswavlili da gam-
ravlebis tabulasaviT unda SeviswavloT da gvax-
sovdes.
endSpilSi cota figuraa, amitom TiToeuli
maTganis roli Zalian izrdeba. aucilebelia maTi
maqsimaluri gaaqtiureba da urTierT-SeTanxmeba.
mefes endSpilSi xifaTi aRar emuqreba is
safaridan unda gamovides da aqtiurad Caebas
brZolaSi. Zlian izrdeba paikTa roli.
endSpilis mTavari strategiuli amocanaa
paikis win svla lazierSi gasayvanad. erTi zed-
meti paiki xSirad sakmarisia gamarjvebis mosapo-
veblad. praqtikaSi yvelaze xSirad gvxdeba ori
tipis endSpili: paikebis endSpili da etlebis
endSpili. amitom aucilebelia endSpilebis
tipiuri poziciebis Seswavla daiwyoT am ori
tipis endSpilis SeswavliT.
75
1. ramden nawilad iyofa saWadrako partia?
daasaxeleT isini.
2. debiutSi ra aris TamaSis mizani?
3. romeli paikebiT jobia TamaSis dawyeba?
ratom?
4. sad unda ganalagoT etlebi?
5. sad unda ganalagoT mxedrebi?
6. ra aris mitelSpilis ZiriTadi principi?
7. romeli elementebis mixedviT afaseben
pozicias?
8. raSi gexmarebaT endSpilis kargi TamaSi?
9. ra aris endSpilis mTavari strategiuli
amocana?
davaleba #9
zepiri: 1. gaarCieT Semdegi partia da gaark-

vieT, ratom uweria zog svlas kiTxvis niSani,
zogs-Zaxilis niSani:
1. e4 e5 2.mf3 mc6 3.kc4 kb4? 4.c3! kc5? 5.0-0 mf6 6.
d4 e:d 7.c:d kb6 8. d5! me7 9.e5! mg8 10.d6! c:d? 11.e:d
mc6 12.ee1+ mff8 13.ld5 lf6 14.kg5 lg6 15.mh4 lh5
16. ke7+! mg:e7 17.d:e m:e7 18. lh5
da Savebi danebdnen.
2. T.: mfd8, p.: a5 (2); S.: mfd6, p.: h7 (2)
TeTrebi iwyeben da igeben (paiki gayavT
lazierSi).
76
weriTi: 1. taraSi-alioxini. karlsbadi, 1923
weli
T.: mfg1, ld3, ec1, ee1, md1, kd2; p.p.: a4, b3, c2, f2,
g2, h2 (12)
S.: mfg8, lf6, ec8, ec7, me7, kg7; p.p.: a5, b4, d4, f7,
g6, h7 (12)
Savebis 22-e svlaa. SeafaseT pozicia. ra
svlas iTamaSebdiT?
2. SeavseT krosvordi ise, rom ferad ujreb-
Si miiRoT sityva ,,mefe~. 1. figura romelsac sami
paikis Zala aqvs.
2. yvela mimarTulebiT mosiarule figura.
3. Wadrakis figurebis saomari veli.
4. Wadrakis dafis erT-erTi sabrZolo xazi.
77
gavlili masalis Semowmeba
testi #2
,,teqnikur - strategiuli, agreTve
fsiqologiuri mizezebis gamo gacil-
ebiT Znelia dacva, vidre ieriSi~.
rudolf Spilamni
SearCieT swori pasuxebi da SemoxazeT

1. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi gardauvali
SamaTis mdgomareobas Seqmnian Tu iTamaSeben:
a) ee7-h7 b) ed6-e6 g) ed6-e7 d) ee7-a7
2.mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi momdevno

svlaze gaakeTeben SamaTs, Tu iTamaSeben: a)lc7-f7
b) lc7-e7 g)mfe6-f6 d)mfe6-f7
78
3.lazieri udris: a) 7 paiks b) 5 paiks g) 10
paiks d) 3 paiks.
4. mxedari udris: a) 2 paiks b) 5 paiks Bg) 7
paiks d) 3 paiks.
5. etli udris: a) 10 paiks b) 5 paiks Bg) 3
paiks d) 6 paiks.
6.ku udris: a) 4 paiks b) 5 paiks Bg) 9 paiks
d) 3 paiks.
7. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi àbamen~ mowi-
naaRmdegis figuras, Tu iTamaSeben: a) ed2-d5 b)
ed2-d8 g) ed2-h2 d) ed2-d7
79
8. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebis paikis
dacvis saukeTeso saSualebaa:
a) ee1-e6 b) ee1-e7 g) ee1-c1 d) kh3:c8
9. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi aSamaTeben

mowinaaRmdeges, Tu iTamaSeben: a) mfe1-d2 b) 0-0-0
g) mfe1-e2 d) ec2-f2
80
10. Wadrakis TamaSis dros misaRebia:
a) saubari b) RiRini g) fiqri d) Cxubi
11. Wadrakis TamaSis dros misaRebia: a) svlis
dabruneba b) sicili g) misalmeba
d) xmauri
12. Wadrakis TamaSis dros misaRebi ar aris:
a) milocva b) siCume g) fiqri d)
sirbili
a) mowinaaRmdegis svlaze figuris
gasworeba b) misalmeba TamaSis win
g) xelis CamorTmeva TamaSis Semdeg
d) svlis gakeTeba sakuTar jerze
81
14. SamaTi or svlaSi:
15. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi igeben ori

muqaris SeqmniT:
82
16. SamaTi or svlaSi sami gziT:
17. SamaTi oTx svlaSi:
83
19. SamaTi or svlaSi.
84
testi #2
varianti #1
studenti --------------------------------------------------------
SemoxazeT swori pasuxebi.
1. lazieri udris: a) 7 paiks b) 5 paiks g) 10
paiks d) 3 paiks.
2. ku udris: a) 4 paiks b) 5 paiks Bg) 9 paiks d) 3
paiks.
3. Wadrakis TamaSis dros misaRebia: a) saubari
b) RiRini g) fiqri d) Cxubi
4. Wadrakis TamaSis dros misaRebi ar aris: a)
milocva b)siCume g) fiqri d) sirbili
5. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi gardauvali
SamaTis mdgomareobas Seqmnian Tu iTamaSeben:
a) ee7-h7 b) ed6-e6 g) ed6-e7 d) ee7-a7
85
diagramaze TeTrebis paikis dacvis saukeTeso
saSualebaa:
a) ee1-e6 b) ee1-e7 g) ee1-c1 d) kh3:c8
7-8. SamaTi or svlaSi:
86
9. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi igeben ori
muqaris SeqmniT:
87
testi #2
varianti #2
studenti -----------------------------------------------------
SemoxazeT swori pasuxbi.
1. mxedari udris: a) 2 paiks b) 5 paiks Bg) 7 paiks

d) 3 paiks.
2. etli udris: a) 10 paiks b) 5 paiks Bg) 3 paiks
d) 6 paiks.
3. Wadrakis TamaSis dros misaRebia: a) svlis
dabruneba b) sicili g) misal-
meba d) xmauri
a)mowinaaRmdegis svlaze figu-
ris gasworeba b)misalmeba Ta-
maSis win g) xelis CamorTmeva
TamaSis Semdeg d)svlis gakeTeba sakuTar
jerze
88
5. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi momdevno svla-
ze gaakeTeben SamaTs, Tu iTamaSeben: a) lc7-f7
b) lc7-e7 g) mfe6-f6 d) mfe6-f7
6. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi àbamen~ mowi-

naaRmdegis figuras, Tu iTamaSeben: a) ed2-d5 b)
ed2-d8 g) ed2-h2 d) ed2-d7
89
7. mocemul diagramaze TeTrebi aSamaTeben
mowinaaRmdeges, Tu iTamaSeben: a) mfe1-d2 b) 0-0-0
g) mfe1-e2 d) ec2-f2
8. SamaTi or svlaSi:
90
10. SamaTi oTx svlaSi:
91
$18. tipobrivi Secdomebi debiutSi.
debiutebis klasifikacia.
,,Tanamedrove teqnikis dros
SeuZlebelia mougo Zlier metoqes,
Tu mas kontrTamaSi ar mieci~.
daviT bronSteni.
WadrakSi brZola pirveli svlebidanve iwyeba.

debiutSi unda ecadoT, rac SeiZleba swrafad
SeiyvanoT figurebi TamaSSi da maTi SeTanxmebu-
li moqmedebiT ganaxorcieloT metoqis mefeze
Seteva an moigerioT ieriSi. figuraTa ganviTa-
rebisas dro ar unda daikargos da, Tu aucile-
beli ar aris, erTi da igive figuriT zedized
ramdenime svla ar unda gaakeToT.
figurebis ganviTareba damTavrebulad CaiTv-
leba, Tu yvela msubuq figuras SeiyvanT TamaSSi
da roqs gaakeTebT.
damwyebi moWadrakeebi xSirad marto paikebiT
an marto lazieriT TamaSoben da aviwydebaT
figurebis ganviTareba. yvelaze ufro gavrcele-
bulia lazieriT b2 an b7 paikebis ayvana. am dros
lazieri ramdenime svlas kargavs, mowinaaRmdege
ki amasobaSi figurebs anviTarebs da Setevaze
gadadis. ganvixiloT magaliTi:
tali-tringovi. amsterdami, 1964 weli.
1. e4 g6 2. d4 kg7 3. mc3 d6 4. mf3 c6 5. kg7 lb6
6. ld2 l:b2 7.eb1ld3 8. kc4 ld5 9.0-0 e6? 10. efe1!
a6 11. kf4! vidre Savebi lazieriT daxtodnen da b2
paiki aiyvanes, TeTrebma yvela figura ganaviTares
92
da muqarebic Seqmnes. 11... e5 12. d:e d:e 13. ld6 Save-
bis mefe centrSia darCenili da Setevis qveS
xvdeba. 13...lc314 eed1 md7 15kf7 mff7 16mg5 mfe8
17le6 Savebi danebdnen
meore magaliTSi genialuri amerikeli paul
morfi TamaSobs.
paul morfi-braunSveigis hercogi da grafi
izuari. 1858weli.
1. e4 e5 2.mf3 d6 3d4 kg4? 4.d:e kf3 5.l:f3 d:e 6.კc4
მf6 7. lb3! (ormagi muqara) le7 8. მc3 c6 9. კ g5
(დაბმა) b5 10. მ:b5 TeTrebi swiraven figuras imisa-
Tvis, rom ganviTarebaSi upiratesoba ar dakargon.
10...c:b 11.კ:b5+ მbd7 12.0-0-0! ეad8- TeTrebma
figurebis ganviTareba daasrules, orive Savi
mxedari dabmulia, xolo maTi mefe centrSi
darCa. (ixileT diagrama).
13. e:d7! e:d7 14. e:d1 ლe6 15. კ:d7+მ:d7 16. ლb8+!
მ:b8 17.ეd8#
93
debiuti
partiis sawyis nawils (10-15 svlas) debiuti

ewodeba. misi mTavari amocana is aris, rom figu-
rebi swrafad iqnas gadayvanili iseT ujrebze,
saidanac isini ufro warmatebiT miiReben mona-
wileobas brZolaSi.
ZalTa mobilizicia gegmis mixedviT unda
mimdinareobdes da iTvaliswinebdes ara marto
maT drois daukargavad ganviTarebas, aramed cent-
ris dapyrobasac. amitom yvela debiutis strate-
giuli gegma mudam dakavSirebulia centris prob-
lemasTan.
paikebiT centris daufleba sivrciT upira-
tesobas iZleva, centralur ujrebze moqmedebis
did SesaZleblobas. ra Tqma unda, paikebisa da
figurebis erToblivi brZola centrisTvis debi-
utSi TamaSis mTavari amocanaa.
paikebisa da figurebis ganlagebis mixedviT
debiuti sam jgufad iyofa: Ria, naxevradRia da
daxuruli.
Ria debiutebi, paikebis ganlagebis Tavisebu-
rebis gamo, figurebi adre da aqtiurad ebmebian
TamaSSi, rac mZafr kombinaciur brZolas ganapi-
robebs.
daxurul debiutebSi, piriqiT, paikTa wyoba
boWavs figurebis aqtivobas da TamaSi mSvidad
mimdinareobs.
94
naxevradRia debiutebSi TeTrebi cdilo-
ben TamaSis gaxsnas, Savebi ki yvela RonisZiebiT
ewinaaRmdegebian mas.
Teoria mraval debiuts icnobs. magram yve-
las rodi TamaSoben praqtikaSi. aqac arsebobs
moda, romelic SemoaqvT uZlieres didostatebs,
pirvel yovlisa msoflios Cempions.
visac yvela debiuti ainteresebs, unda mimar-
Tos specialur literaturas.
debiuti kargad rom gaiTamaSo, masSi Rrmad
unda erkveode. variantebis dazepireba debiutis
codnas rodi niSnavs. mTavaria Caswvde debiutis
strategiul gegmas, ideas.
gamocdili moWadrake debiuts irCevs Tavisi
gemovnebis mixedviT. axalbedam ki Tavdapirvelad
Ria debiuti unda iTamaSos, radgan maTSi mkafiod
Cans strategiuli gegma da brZola kombinaciur
xasiaTs atarebs. es xels uwyobs damwyebi
moWadrakis fantaziis ganviTarebas.
debiutebi TanmimdevrobiT unda SeiswavloT.
TeTrebiT da SavebiT iTamaSeT sxvadasxva 2-3
debiuti. roca maT kargad daeuflebiT, SeiZleba
sxva debiutebis swavla. saWadrako Jurnalebis,
specialuri biuletenebis, wignebis saSualebiT
mudam Tvals unda adevnebdeT debiutebis ganviTa-
rebas. amoiwereT TqvenTvis saintereso debiutebis
siaxleni _ gegmebi, variantebi.
damwyebi moWadrake, rogorc wesi, ukritikod
aRiqvams avtoritetebis rCeva-rekomendaciebs.
95
e.laskeri wers: `visac surs gamoimuSaos WadrakSi
damoukidebeli azrovnebis unari, igi aucileb-
lad unda gaTavisufldes sxvebis mier gamoyene-
buli variantebisa da wesebis ukritikod gadaRe-
bis da gauazreblad maTi sargeblobis Cvevisgan.
me ufro meti momca gamocdilebam, gansakuTrebiT
wagebebma, vidre romelime wignis an romelime
ostatis avtoritetis brmad dajerebam~. rogorc
xedavT, axalbeda kritikulad unda miudges
cnobil moWadrakeTa rekomendaciebs, gulisyuriT
gaanalizos da Cawvdes maT. aseTi muSaoba xels
uwyobs moWadrakis daostatebas.
debiutebis Teoria gamudmebiT viTardeba. yo-
vel Sejibrebas raRac siaxle Seaqvs cnobil
sadebiuto variantebSi. am wignSi moyvanilia mxo-
lod is variantebi da gagrZelebebi, romelTa
siswore droiT da praqtikiT aris Semowmebuli.
am wignis kiTxvisas usaTuod unda gamoiyenoT
Wadrakis dafa. imitom, rom Wadrakis swavlaSi
didi mniSvneloba aqvs TvalsaCinoebas. rogorc
viciT, debiutebi pirobiTad sam nawilad iyofa:
Ria, naxevrad Ria da daxuruli.
Ria debiutebi iwyeba 1. e4 e5 svlebiT. rac
Seexeba naxevradRia debiutebs, TeTrebis pirveli
svlaa 1:e4, Savebis ki yvela1...e5-ის გარდა.
daxuruli debiuti aris yvela debiuti,
romelic ar iwyeba 1.e4-ით.
gavecnoT ramdenime debiuts.
96
Ria debiutebi
debiutebi, romlebSic Savebi 1.e4 svlaze 1.
... e5-iT upasuxeben, Ria debiutebis jgufs miekuT-
vnebian.
Ria debiutebSi gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba figu-
rebis swrafi ganviTarebis udidesi mniSvneloba.
aq TiToeuli tempi, rogorc ityvian, oqros fasad
fasobs. amitom Ria debiutebSi, Tu mdgomareobam
ar aiZula, moWadrake arasdros ar akeTebs or
svlas erTi da igive figuriT. msubuqi figurebis
(pirvel rigSi, mxedris) dauyovneblivi gamoyvana
da roqi mZafri brZolis sawindaria.
saubars viwyebT yvelaze Zveli debiutebiT:
mefis gambitiT da italiuri partiiT.
1.mefis gambiti
1.e4 e5 2.f4
es sistema cnobili iyo jer kidev XVI
saukuneSi. gambiti italiurad `fexis dadebas~
_ sarmas niSnavs, WadrakSi ki _ paikis
Sewirvas drois mosagebad, figurebis swrafi
ganviTarebisaTvis. swored es azria Caqsovili
mefis gambitSi. paikis fasad TeTrebi swrafad
amTavreben figurebis mobilizebas da ieriSis
momzadebas f vertikalze. es gegma mizans aRwevs
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Savebma droulad ver
wamoiwyes energiuli kontrTamaSi centrSi. mdid-
ari praqtikis meoxebiT SavebisTvis arsebobs dac-
vis kargi sistemebi, amitom mefis gambits axla
iSviaTad vxvdebiT turnirebSi.
97
ganvixiloT mxolod SavebisTvis sasargeblo
dacvis ori sistema: I
2. ... e:f4 3.¤mf3 Savebma miiRes Sewirva. aq TamaSis
gagrZelebis ori misaRebi gzaa.
a) 3. ... d5 (paikis ukan dabrunebiT Savebi iwye-
ben brZolas iniciativisaTvis) 4.e:d5 (Tu 4.e5,
maSin 4. ... g5!) 4...¤mf6 (da ara 4...£l:d5 5.¤mc3 le6+
6.¢mff2, 7.¥kb5+ da 8.¦ee1 muqariT) 5.¥kb5+ c6 6.d:c6
b:c6 7.¥kc4 ¤md5!
Savebs SesaniSnavi pozicia aqvT. ai, rogor

gagrZelda bronStein-botvinikis partia
(ssr kavSiris XX Cempionati): 8.d4 ¥kd6 9.0–0
0–0 10.¤mc3 ¤m:c3 11.b:c3 kg4 12.£ld3 ¤md7 13.g3 mb6
14.¥ 3 c5 15.c4 (Secdomaa. ku iTiSeba TamaSidan.
ukeTesi iyo 15.d:c5 k:c5+ 16.¢mfh1 Seupovari
brZoliT). 15. ... lf6 16.¤me5 ¥k:e5 17.d:e5 £l:e5 18.¥k:f4
£lh5 19.¦efe1 ¦efe8 20.a4 ¥ke2! 21.£lc3 ¤md7 22.a5 mf6
23.¥ka4 ¦ee6 24.¢mg2 ¤me4 25.£la3 g5 bronSteini
danebda.
98
b) 3...¥ke7 4.¥kc4 ¤mf6! (d5-is momzadebiT) 5.e5
¤mg4 6.0–0 (SeiZleba agreTve 6.¤mc3 ¥kh4+ 7.¢mff1! 0–0
8.d4 d6 9.g3! ieriSiT) 6...¤mc6 7.d4 d5 8.e:d6
¥k:d6 Savebma paiki SeinarCunes da roqic moamza-
des. pozicia rTulia.
II
2. ... d5 3.exd5 e4 4.d3 mf6 5.¤md2 (keresis svla)
5...e:d3 (ar aris xelsayreli 5...¥kf5 6.d:e4
¤m:e4 7.¤mgf3 ¥kc5 8.¥kd3 m:d2 9.¥k:f5 m:f3+ 10.£l:f3
TeTrebis upiratesobiT) 6.¥k:d3 ¤m:d5 7.£le2+ke7
8.¥mc4 rTuli TamaSiT
2. italiuri partia
TeTrebis strategiuli gegmaa paikebiT (c3,d4)

centris dapyroba. Savebi sargebloben kuze
Tavdasxmis SesaZleblobiT da TamaSs aTanabreben.
amitom Tanamedrove moWadrakeebi ufro xSirad
mimarTaven italiuri partiis mSvidobian sistemas,
romelSic brZola poziciur xasiaTs atarebs.
ganvixiloT TamaSis orive gegma.
99
I
4.c3 ¤mf6 5.d4 e:d4 6.c:d4¥kb4+
a) 7.¥kd2 (am svlas mohyveba mSvidi TamaSi)
7...¥k:d2 + 8.¤b:d2 d5! 9.e:d5 ¤m:d5 10.£lb3 ¤mce7
11.0–0 c6 (pozicia Tanabaria).
b) 7.¤c3 (mwvave gagrZeleba)
7...¤m:e4 8.0–0 ¥k:c3 9. 5
(9.b:c3 d5! -is Semdeg Savebi mcire poziciur
upiratesobas Rebuloben)
9...¥kf6 10.¦ee1 ¤me7 11.¦e:e4 0–0.
TeoriaSi aris aseTi forsirebuli variantic:
11...d6 12.¥kg5 ¥k:g5 13.¤m:g5 0–0 14.¤m:h7! ¢mf:h7
(yaims iZleva agreTve 14...¥kf5 15.¦e:e7 (magram,
Tu TeTrebma 15.¦eh4 iTamaSes, maSin Savebs 15...¦ee8
svlis Semdeg ukeTesi Sansi aqvT)
15.£lh5+mfg8 16.¦eh4 f5! 17.£lh7+mf:f7 18.¦eh6 eg8
19.¦e1 £lf8 20.¥kb5 ¦eh8 21.£l:h8 g:h6 22.£lh7+ ¢mff6
23.¦e:e7 l:e7 24.£lh6+ yaimi mudmivi qiSiT.)
12.d6 c:d6 13.£l:d6 am poziciaSi Savebi 13...¤mf5
14.£ld5 d6 svlis Semdeg mravalferovan TamaSs
Rebuloben.
II
4.¤mc3
es svlac `wynari TamaSis~ momaswavebelia.
Savebi advilad aTanabreben pozicias, Tumca mu-
dam yuradRebiT unda iyvnen TeTrebis TiTqosda
uwyinari manevrebis mimarT. am sistemaSi brZola
100
poziciur xasiaTs atarebs. ai, magaliTad, rogor
iwyeba igi:
1.e4 e5 2.¤mf3 ¤mc6 3.¥kc4 ¥kc5 4.¤mc3 d6 5.d3 mf6
6.¥kg5 h6 7.¥k:f6 l:f6 8.¤md5 £ld8 9.c3 a6 Tanabari
TamaSiT (kapablanka-eliskazesi, moskovi 1936 w.);
aRsaniSnavia, rom 4.d3 d6 5.0–0 ¤mf6-is Semdeg
naadrevia 6.¥kg5. aseTi dabma ufro misaRebia
Savebis roqis Semdeg. axla mas Savebis saxifaTo
ieriSi mohyveba, Tu 6...h6 -is Semdeg TeTrebma ar
aiyvanes f6-ze: 7.kh4 g5 8.¥kg3 h5! 9.¤m:g5 h4 10.¤m:f7 h:g3
11.¤m:d8 ¥kg4 12.£ld2 ¤md4! 13.¤c3 mf3+! 14.g:f3 ¥k:f3 da
SamaTi gardauvalia.
Tanamedrove moWadrakeebi gverds uvlian am
gagrZelebebs, radgan isini Seswavlilia mTeli
sigrZe-siganiT. axla TamaSoben 4.c3 mf6 da d3 am
debiuts TeoriaSi `joko pianisimo~, anu `wynari
TamaSi~ hqvia. marTlac, TamaSi auCqareblad mimdi-
nareobs, TeTrebi xelSeuSlelad amTavreben
figurebis ganviTarebas. maTi zraxvebi arcTu
uwyinaria. mzad arian brZola gadaiyvanon
espanuri partiis xelsayrel poziciebSi. swored
ase mimdinareobda msoflio pirvelobaze karpov-
korCnois matCis (merano, 1981 w.) ramdenime partia.
ori mxedris dacva
1.e4 e5 2.¤mf3 ¤mc6 3.¥kc4 ¤mf6
am svlebiT xasiaTdeba ori mxedris dacva,
romelic SemoRebulia XVI saukunis meore
naxevarSi. am debiutis arCevisas Savebi mzad
iyvnen iniciativisaTvis paikis Sesawirad.
101
ganvixiloT am poziciaSi yvelaze aqtiuri
gagrZelebebi: 4. ¤mg5 da 4. d4.
I
4.¤mg5 d5
arsebobs traqsler-keresis varianti 4...¥c5,
romelic Tavsatex garTulebebs Seicavs. magali-
Tad, 5.¤m:f7 ¥k:f2+! 6.¢mf:f2 ¤m:e4+ 7.¢mfg1 £lh4. (ukeTes
gagrZelebad iTvleba 5.d4 d5 6.¥k:d5 m:d5 7.d:c5 mdb4
8.a3 l:d1+ 9.¢mf:d1 TeTrebisTvis kargi TamaSiT.)
5.e:d5 ¤ma5
Savebi paiks swiraven. cudia 5...¤m:d5 6.d4! -is
gamo. ai, ori SesaZlebeli gagrZeleba:
I. 6...¥ke6 7.¤m:e6 f:e6 8.d:e5 ¤m:e5 9.£lh5+ mf7 10.0–0
TeTrebis upiratesobiT;
II. 6...¥kb4+7.c3 ke7 8.¤m:f7 mf:f7 9.£lf3+mfe6
10.£le4-is Semdeg Savebs Zalian gauWirdebaT dab-
misgan Tavis daRweva.
agebs: 6...e:d4 7.0–0 ¥ke7 8.¤m:f7 ¢mf:f7 9.£lf3 +
¢mfe6 10.¤mc3 d:c3 11.¦me1+me5 12.¥kf4 ¥kf6 13.¥k:e5 ¥k:e5
102
14.¦e:e5+ -is Semdeg)
6.¥kb5+
SeiZleba agreTve 6.d3, magram 6...h6 7.¤m:f3 e4
8.£le2 ¤m:c4 9.d:c4 ¥kc5 10.¤mfd2 0–0 11.¤mb3 ¥kg4
12.£lf1 kb4+13.c3 ke7 -is Semdeg Savebs paikis
sanacvlod perspeqtiuli TamaSi aqvT.
6...c6 7.d:c6 b:c6 8.¥ke2
SavebisTvisaa sasargeblo 8.£lf3 c:b5 9.£l:a8
¥kc5 Zlieri ieriSiT. SeiZleba agreTve 8...e b8. ¦
8...h6 9.¤mf3 e4 10.¤me5 ¥kd6

SeiZleboda agreTve 10...£ld4 11.f4¥kc5 12.e¦f1
£ld8 13.d4 kb6 14.¥ke3¤md5 Savebis ieriSiT
(ragozini-geleri, 1949 w.).
am poziciaSi TeTrebs aqvT ori kargi gagrZe-
leba: 11.f4 da 11.d4
a) 11.f4 e:f3 12.¤m:f3£lc7 13.0–0 0–0 14.d4 kg4 15.h3
¥kh5 b) 11.d4 e:d3 12.¤m:d3 £lc7 13.¤md2
(aq ragozinma saintereso azri ganaxorciela:
paiki ukan daabruna da ukeTesi TamaSi miiRo:
13.h3 0–0 14.0–0 c5 15.c4 mc4 16.¤mc3 ¥ka6
17.£da4! ¤ma5 18.¥ke3 ragozini-gligoriCi, moskovi,
1946 w.)
13...0–0 14.b4 md5 15.¥kb2 ¤m:b4 16.¤m:b4 ¥k:b4 17.0–0
mwvave brZoliT (ragozini-botviniki, moskovi, 1945
w.)
4.d4 e:d4 5.0–0 ¤m:e4! 6.¦ee1 d5 7.¥k:d5 l:d5 8.¤mc3
£la5 9.¤k:e4 ke6 10.¤meg5 0–0–0 11.¤m:e6 f:e6 12.¦e:e6 £lf5
13.£le2 h6 rTuli TamaSiT.
103
ori mxedris dacvis am variantSi Savebis
taqtika aseTia: isini iReben Sewirul paiks, Sem-
deg ki abruneben mdgomareobis gasaTanabreblad.
4. oTxi mxedris debiuti
1.e4 e5 2.¤mf3 ¤mc6 3.¤mc3 ¤f6 4.¥kb5
ganvixiloT ori ZiriTadi gagrZeleba 4.b5-is
Semdeg. manamde unda aRvniSnoT, rom TeTrebs
aqvT mwvave TamaSisaTvis gankuTvnili svlebic _
4.d4 e:d4 5. md5 (`belgradis varianti~). magram
Savebi advilad aTanabreben pozicias:
5.¤ke7 6.¤m:d4 ¤m:d5
7.e:d5 m:d4 8.£l:d4 0–0 9.¥ke2 kf6 10.£ld3 ee8 11.0–
0 d6 12.¥kf3 g6 (padevski-smislovi, moskovi,1956w.)
4...¥b4 5.0–0 0–0 6.d3 d6 7.¥g5 ¥xc3

Savebs aRar SeuZliaT figurebis simetriuli
ganviTareba 7...¥kg4 8.¤md5 ¤md4 9.¤m:b4 ¤m:b5
104
10.¤md5 ¤md4 11.£ld2! ¥k:f3 12.¥k:f6 £ld7 13.¤me7+
¢mfh8 14.¥k:g7+mf:g7 15.£lg5+mfh8 16.£lf6++ (Savebs
arc 12...g:f6 SveliT 13.£lh6¤me2+14.¢mfh1 k:g2+ 15.¢mf
:g2 ¤mf4+16.¤m:f4! e:f4 17.¢mfh1 ¢mfh8
18.¦eg1 ¦eg8 19.¦e:g8+l:g8 20.¦eg1 -is gamo
8.b:c3 £le7 9.¦ee1 ¤md8 10.d4 ¤me6 11.¥kc1 c5 12.d5
¤mc7 13.¥kd3
TeTrebs odnav ukeTesi pozicia aqvT
II
4...¤md4 (rubinSteinis varianti)
5.¥ka4 (es saukeTeso gagrZelebadaa miCneuli.
yaims iZleva 5.¤m:d4 e:d4 6.e5 d:c3 7.e:f6
£l:f6 8.d:c3 £le5+ 9.¥le2 gacvlebiT)
5...¥kc5 6.¤m:e5 0–0 7.¤md3 ¥kb6 8.¤mf4 d5 9.d3 kg4
10.f3 ¤mh5 11.¤m:h5 ¥k:h5 12.¤m:d5 c6! 13.¤m:b6 a:b6
14.¥kb3 lh4+15.¢mff1 m:b3 16.c:b3 f5 paikSi Savebs
iniciativa aqvT.
5. evansis gambiti
1.e4 e5 2.¤mf3 ¤c6 3.¥kc4 ¥kc5 4.b4
105
paikis am SewirviT iwyeba evansis gambiti.
debiuts Serqmeuli aqvs misi avtoris, ingli-
seli moWadrakisa da Soreuli naosnobis kapi-
tnis, evansis saxeli.
TeTrebi paiks swiraven, raTa centri daip-
yron drois daukargavad. am poziciaSi Savebis-
Tvis ukeTes gagrZelebad aris aRiarebuli. xelsa-
yrel momentSi paikis ukan dabrunebiT figurebis
mobilizebis damTavreba.
4...¥k:b4 5.c3 ¥ka5
(uwin TamaSobdnen 5...¥kc5 6.d4 e:d4 7.0–0 d6
(7...dxc3 -s mohyveboda 8.¥k:f7+ ¢m:f7 9.£l:d5+!)
8.c:d4 ¥kb6 9.¤mc3 ¤ma5 10.¥kg5 f6 11.¥kf4 ¤m:c4
12.£la4+ld7 13.£l:c4£lf7 14.¤md5, aqtiuri poziciiT)
6.0–0
Teoria gvirCevs, rom ukeTesia 6.d4 d6 7.¥kg5 f6
8.£lb3 ¢mf8 9.¥ke3 da TeTrebs paikis sanacvlod
iniciativa aqvT.
6...d6 7.d4 ¥kb6
laskeris svlaa. Savebi mzad arian ukan
daabrunon paiki da gaaTanabron TamaSi 8.d:e5 d:e5
9.£l:d8+m:d8 10.¤m:e5 ¥ke6-is Semdeg. TeTrebi Tavs
arideben am variants, radgan evansis gambiti
mwvave TamaSisTvis airCies.
8.d:e5 d:e5 9.£lb3 £lf6 10.¥kg5 £lg6 11.¥kd5 ¤mge7
12.¥k:e7 ¢m:e7 13.¥k:c6 £l:c6 14.¤m:e5 £le6
TeTrebma daibrunes paiki, magram axla
Savebis pozicia ukeTesia.
106
Cvens droSi didad amaRlda dacvis teqnika,
amitom ostatebi aRar TamaSoben evansis gambits.
es gambiti Zalian popularuli iyo XIX saukuneSi.
6. Sotlandiuri partia
Sotlandiur partiaSi TeTrebi Tavidanve
centraluri ujrebis dapyrobas cdiloben. magram
amas isini moumzadeblad akeTeben da Savebs
Seuferxebeli ganviTarebis saSualebas aZleven.
1.e4 e5 2.¤mh3 ¤mc6 3.d4
TamaSis es sistema pirvelad gaTamaSda lon-
don-edinburgis miwer-moweriT matCSi (1824 w.).
maSin
Sotlandielebma warmatebas miaRwies da ami-
tom debiuts Sotlandiuri partia ewoda.
3...e:d4 4.¤m:d4
aq SeiZleba paikis Sewirva 4.¥c4 (`Sotlandi-
uri gambiti~) iniciativis xelSi Casagdebad.
magram SavebisTvis ukeTesia ar ahyvnen TeTrebs,
TamaSi ori mxedris dacvaSi gadaiyvanon
4...¤mf6 -iT.
Seqmnil poziciaSi Savebs 4...¤mf6 da 4...¥kc5
damakmayofilebel TamaSs aZlevs.
a) 4...¤mf6 5.¤mc3 ¥kb4 6.¤m:c6 b:c6 7.¥kd3 d5 8.e:d5
(8.e5¤mg4 9.0–0 0–0 10.¥kf4 f6 SavebisaTvis kargi Tama-
SiT) 8...c:d5 9.0–0 0–0 10.¥kg5 ¥ke6 11.£lf3 ¥ke7
12.¦eae1 ¦eb8 13.¤kd1 c5 Tanabari poziciiT.
b) 4...¥kc5 5.¥ke3£lf6 6.c3 (ar SeiZleba gambi-
tis xasiaTis gagrZeleba 6.¤mb5, razedac bronSte-
ini gvTavazobs 6...¥k:e3 7.f:e3 le5! 8.£ld5 ¢md8
107
9.£l:f7 ¤mge7 an 9...¤mh6 saintereso garTulebebiT)
6...¤mge7 7.¤mc2 ¥m:e3 8.¤m:e3 £le5 9.f3 0–0 10.¥kc4 d6
11.¤md2 ¥ke6 12.0–0 £lg5 13.£le2 mg6 Tanabari Tama-
SiT.
rusuli partia
gamoCenilma rusma ostatebma a.petrovma da
k.ianiSma, romlebic XIX saukuneSi moRvaweobdnen,
SeimuSaves Semdegi sadebiuto sistema:
1.e4 e5 2.¤f3 ¤f6
da mas rusuli partia uwodes. Savebi Tavs
esxmian e4 paiks, rac maT Tanabar TamaSs hpir-
deba. magram TeTrebs aqvT aqtiuri TamaSis gzebi.
a) 3.¤m:e5 d6 (cudia 3...¤:e4, radgan 4.£le2 £le7
5.£l:e4 d6 6.d4 f6 7.¤mc3 d:e5 8.¤md5 £ld6 9.d:e5 f:e5
10.¥kf4 ¤md7 11.0–0–0 da TeTrebs Zlieri pozicia
aqvT) 4.¤mf3 ¤m:e4 5.£le2 5...£le7 6.d3¤mf6 7.¥kg5 ¥ke6
(7...£l:e2+ 8.¥k:g2-is Semdeg TeTrebi win arian
figurebis ganviTarebaSi) 8.¤mc3m mc6 9.0–0–0 0–0–0
10 4 5 11¤5 £8 ormxrivi saintereso TamaSiT.
bronSteinma axali gagrZeleba SemoiRo _
7...¤mbd7 8.mc3 £l:e2+ 9.¥k:e2 h6 10.¥kf4 g6 11.0–0–0 kg7
da Savebma ukeTesi pozicia miiRes.
b) 3.¤m:e5 d6 4.¤mf3 m:e4 5.d4 d5 6.¥kd3 ¥ke7
7.0–0 ¤mc6 8.¦ee1 kf5 9.¥kb5¥kf6 (karpovi-korCnoi, mera-
no, 1981 w.). Savebi icaven e5 ujras da figurebis
ganviTarebas amTavreben.
g) 3.d4 (steinicis sistema) 3...e:d4 4.e5 ¤e4 5.£me4
5 l:d4 6.e:d6 ¤m:d6 7.¤mc3 (7.¥kg5mc6 8.£me3+ ke7
108
9.mc3 0–0 10.0–0–0 Tanabari TamaSiT) 7...¤mc6
8.£mf4 g6! 9.¥kd2 ¥kg7 10.0–0–0 0–0 11.¥kd3 ¥ke6. Savebs
kontrTamaSi aqvT.
8. filidoris dacva
1.e4 e5 2.¤f3 d6
es dacva cnobilia XVI saukunidan. Semdeg mas
TamaSobda gamoCenili frangi moWadrake a.fili-
dori, romelic 2. ... d6-s Tvlida f5-is mosamzade-
bel svlad. praqtikam es mosazreba gaabaTila.
am debiutSi Savebis mizania e5 ujris Senar-
Cuneba. TeTrebs aqvT ori kargi gagrZeleba:
3.d4 da 3.¥c4. Savebis xvedri ki pasiuri dacvaa.
I
3.d4 ¤mf6 4.d:e5 ¤m:e4 5.¤bd2 ¤m:d2 6.¥k:d2 k:e7 7.¥k:d3
TeTrebs odnav ukeTesi pozicia aqvT.
3.d4 e:d4 4. m:d4 ¤m:f6 5.¤mc3 ¥ke7 6.g3 (SeiZleba
6.¥ke2 -ic 6...0–0 7.0–0 a6 8.¥k:f3! g6 9.g3 c5 10.¤mde2
¤mc6 11.¥kg2 ¦ee8 12.h3 ¥kd7 13.b3 b5 14.¥kb2
TeTrebis upiratesobiT. ceSkovski-giorgaZe,
minski, 1979 w.) 6...d5 7.e5 ¤mg4 8.e6 ¤mf6 9.e:f7+ m:f7
10.¥kg2 c6 11.0–0 ¤mbd7 12.¦ee1 mc5 13.b4 ¤me6 14.b5 m:d4
15.£l:d4 ee8 Tanabari TamaSiT. (geleri-
giorgaZe, minski, 1979 w.)
SeiZleba TamaSi asec warimarTos 3.d4 mf6
4.¤mc3 ¤mbd7 5.¥kc4 ¥e7 6.0–0 6...0–0 7.£le2 c6 8.a4! e:d4
9.¤m:d4 ¤m:e4 10.¤xe4 d5 11.¥ka2 d:e4 12.¦ed1 ¥kf6
13.£l:e4 ¤mc5 14.£df3! Tanabari SansebiT. am
variantSi Secdomaa 6.¥k:f7+, vinaidan TeTrebi
109
TviTon eqcevian ieriSis qveS: 6...¢mf:f7 7.¤mg5+g8
8.¤me6 £le8 9.¤m:c7 £lg6 10.¤m:a8 £l:g2 11.¦e:f1 e:d4
12.£le2 d:c3 13.£lc4+ d5 14.£l:c8+ ¢mf:f7.
II
3.¥kc4 ¤mc6 4.c3 ¥kg4 5.h3 (saeWvoa 5.£lb3 £ld7
6.¥k:f7+ £l:f7 7.£l.b7 ¢mfd7 8.£l:a8 ¥k:f3 9.g:f3 £l:f3
10.¦eg1 l:e4+ 11.¢mf:d1 £l:f3+ 12.¢mfe1 e4 -is gamo.
Savebs ieriSi aqvT.) 5...¥kC5 6.d3 ¤mf6 7.¤med2 pozi-
ciuri
TamaSiT.
SeuZlebelia filidoris dacvis uaryofa
pirdapiri ieriSiT. masTan brZola poziciur
TamaSs moiTxovs.
110
$19. samoswavlo partiebi.
,,sabavSvo SamaTebi~.
,,ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos erTi principuli

Secdoma, romelsac axalgazrda moWadrakeebi sCadian.
ama Tu im gambitis gamoyenebisas axalgazrda
moWadrakes xSirad aviwydeba TviT idea, romelic am
saxelwodebaSia nagulisxmevi -paikis Sewirvis fasad
upiratesobis miReba~.
vasili panovi
SamaTiT dasrulebul mokle saWadrako par-

tiebs sabavSvo SamaTebs uwodeben. gavecnoT yve-
laze mokle saWadrako partiebs. yuradReba miaq-
cieT erT-erTi mxaris Secdomebs da daakvirdiT,
rogor gamoiyena isini mowinaaRmdege mxarem.
1) 1.f2-f3? e7-e5 2.g2-g4?? ლd8-h4#
2) 1.e2-e4 f7-f6? 2.d2-d4 g7-g5?? 3.ლd1-h5#
3) 1.e2-e4 e7e5 2.ld1-h5? მფe8-e7?? 3.ლh5:e5#
4) 1.e2-e4 e7-e5 2.კf1-c4 მb8-c6 3.ლd1-h5? მg8-f6??
4.ლd1:f7#
5) 1.e2-e4 e7-e5 2.ლd1-h5? მb8-c6 3.კf1-c4 g7-g6
4.ლh5-f3 d7-d6?? 5.ლf3:f7#
6) 1.e2-e4 e7-e5 2.მg1-f3 d7-d6 3.d2-d4 მb8-d7 4.კf1-c4
კf8-e7? 5.d4:e5 d6:e5 6.ლd1-d5! მg8-h6 7.კc1:h6 g7:h6
8.ლd5:f7#
7) 1.e2-e4 e7-e5 2.მg1-f3 მb8-c6 3.კf1-c4 მc6-d4?
4.მf3:e5?? ლd8-g5! 5.მe5:f7 ლg5:g2 6.ეh1-f1 ლg2:e4+ 7.კc4-e2
მd4-f3#
111
8) 1.e2-e4 c7-c6 2.d2-d4 d7-d5 3.მb1-c3 d5:e4 4.მc3:e4
მb8-d7 5.ლd1-e2 მg8-f6?? 6.მe4-d6#
9) 1.e2-e4 e7-e5 2.მg1-f3 d7-d6 3.კf1-c4 კc8-g4 4.მb1-c3
მb8-c6 5.მf3:e5? კg4:d1?? 6.კc4:f7+ მფe8-e7 7.მc3-d5#
10) 1.e2-e4 d7-d6 2.d2-d4 მb8-d7 3.კf1-c4 g7-g6 4.მg1-f3
კf8-g7? 5.კc4:f7+ მფe8:f7 6.მf3-g5+ მფf7-f6?? 7.ლd1-f3# axla
gaarCieT samoswavlo miniaturuli partiebi:
11) kaproni-kordie, 1976 weli
1. e4 c5 2.b4 cb 3.a3 f6 4.e5 მd5 5.ab e6 6.მf6 d6 7.კc4
de 8.მ:e5 ლc7 9.კb2 მd7 10.ლd2 მ5f6? 11.მ:f7! მფ:f7
12.ლ:e6+ მფg6 13.ლf7+ მფh6 14.ეa3 Savebi danebdnen.
12) ioneri-tartakoveri, 1928 weli
1. e4 c5 2.მf3 მf6 3.მc3 d5 4.ed მ:d5 5.მe4 e6 6.d4 cd
7.მ:d4 კe7 8.კb5+ კd7 9.c4 მf6 10.მc3 0-0 11.0-0 ლc7 12.ლe2
მc6 13.მf3 ეf e8 14.კg5 მg4! 15.კ:f7? მd4!TeTrebi danebdnen
13) petrovi-Simanski, 1847 weli
1. e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.ed ed 4.c4 კb4+ 5.მc3 მe7 6.მf3 კg4
7.კe2 de 8.0-0 კ:f3? 9.კ:f3 c6 10.ლe2 ლ:d4? 11.ეd1 ლf6?
12.მe4 ლe6 13.a3! კa5 14.კg4 ლg6 15.კf5! მ:f5 16.მf6++ მფf8
17.ლe8#
14) reti-tartakoveri, 1910 weli
1. e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.მc3 de 4.მ:e4 მf6 5.ლd3 e5? 6.de ლa5+
7.კd2 ლ:e5 8.0-0-0! მ:e4? 9.ლd8+! მფ:d8 10.კg5++ მფe8
11.ეd8#
112
davaleba #10
1. mocemul diagramaze Savebma unda iTamaSon:
a) mg8-f6 ბ) კf8-c5 გ) g7-g6 დ)d7-d6
2. mocemul diagramaze Savebma unda iTamaSon:

a) mg8-f6 ბ) კf8-g7 გ) მc6-d4 დ)d7-d6
3.gaakeTeT SamaTi erT svlaSi:

1) T.: mff4, ლg2 (2); შ.:მფh5 (1)
2) თ.:მფa3, ლd8 (2); შ.:მფb1 (1)
3) თ.:მფg1 ლa1, ეa7 (3); შ.:მფf8 (1)
4) თ.:მფa1, ლg3, კc4 (3); შ.:მფh1 (1)
5) თ.:მფf4 ლb5, ეb2 (3); შ.:მფe1 (1)
113
$20. kombinacia da forsirebuli varianti
,,TiTqmis yvela debiutSi SeiZleba moiZebnos

iseTi svlebi, romlebic ar Camouvardebian
Teoriuls, Tu gamocdili da Zlieri
moTamaSe SeZlebs mTeli kombinaciis sawyis
punqtidan maT gadaqcevas~.
mixeil Cigorini
partiebis garCevisas Tqven mravaljer Sevxv-

debiT lamaz variantebs, forsirebul manevrebs,
figurebisa da paikebis Sewirvas. yovelive es
gamiznulia an SamaTis gasakeTeblad, an materia-
luri upiratesobis misaRebad, an poziciis gasaum-
jobeseblad, an yaimis misaRwevad. kidev erTxel
gavixsenoT, rom kombinacia aris forsirebuli
varianti SewirviT, romlis daxmarebiTac dadebi-
Ti Sedegi miiRweva an pozicia xarisxobrivad
umjobesdeba.
Wadraki yvelas kombinaciis gulisTvis uyvars.
kombinacia Wadrakis mSvenebaa. is afeTqebas hgavs.
kombinaciis dros figurebi kargaven TavianT
pirvandel Rirebulebas, xdeba maTi gadafaseba.
kombinaciebis raodenoba usasruloa. Tqven
gaecnobiT aTamde yvelaze gavrcelebul kombina-
ciis saxeebs.
kombinaciis arsebobas Seqmnil poziciaSi mia-
niSnebs motivi anu dafaze Seqmnili situacia. ra
SeiZleba iyos kombinaciis motivi? mowinaaRmdegis
mefis Seviwroebuli mdgomareoba, figurebs Soris
114
darRveuli kavSiri, bolo horizontalis sisuste,
mefisa da lazieris erT xazze mdebareoba da
kidev bevri ram.
kombinaciis motivis ganxorcieleba xdeba
ideis anu Temis saSualebiT. maSasadme, idea aris
meTodi, romliTac kombinacia sinamdviled iqceva.
kombinaciis warmatebaSi didi mniSvneloba
aqvs mis swor, uSecdomo gaangariSebas da miRe-
buli poziciis swor Sefasebas. amitom am mxriv
saWiroa sistematuri varjiSi, bevri kombinaciis
gacnoba da gadaTamaSeba. ganvixiloT yvelaze
gavrcelebuli kombinaciebi.
1). gatyuebis kombinacia. am kombinaciiT mowi-
naaRmdeges Sewirvis saSualebiT aiZuleben
datovos Tavisi adgili da gaxsnas misasvleli
mniSvnelovani ujrisaken an xazisaken. magaliTi:
T.: mfh1, ლb2, მd6; პ.პ.: a2, b3, h3 (6) შ.: mfg8, ლg5,
ეf7; პ.პ.: a7, b6, h7 (6)
1.ლb2-h8+! მფ:h8 2.მ:f7+ მფg7 3.მf7:g5
2).Setyuebis kombinacia. am kombinaciiT Sewir-
vis saSualebiT CvenTvis saintereso figuras vit-
yuebT saWiro ujraze.
magaliTi: petrosiani-paxmani, bledi, 1961 weli
115
1. ლ:f6+ მფ:f6 2.კe5+ მფg5 3.კg7! და შავები დანებდნენ
გარდაუვალი შამათის გამო.
3).ormagi dartyma ewodeba erTdroulad
mowinaaRmdegis or obieqtze muqaris Seqmnas.
Cveulebriv, am dros Setevis erT-erTi obieqti
iRupeba da Semtevi mxare materialur
upiratesobas aRwevs.
magaliTebi:
1)
116
2) T.: mff1, ლc1, კe2; პ.პ.: a2, b2, e4, f3 (7) შ.: mfg7,
ლd4, მf4; პ.პ.: a4, b4, e5, f7 (7)
1...ლd4-g1+ 2. მფf1:g1 მf4:e2+ 3. მფe2 მe2:c1-+
3) petrosiani - simagini, 1956 weli
T.: mfh1, ლa8, მg5, კh22; პ.პ.: a4, c4 (6) შ.: mfg7, ლd6,
ეf7; პ.პ.: a7, c5, e5, h7 (7)
1.კh2-e5+ ლd6:e5 2.ლa8-h8+ მფh8 3.მg5:f7+ მფg7
4.მf7:e5+-
4).dabma aris kombinaciis erT-erTi yvelaze
gavrcelebuli motivi, romelSic xdeba lazieriT,
etliT an kuTi mowinaaRmdegis iseT figuraze an
paikze Seteva, romelTac ar SeuZliaT dabmis
xazidan wasvla, vinaidan faraven ufro
ZviradRirebul figuras an ujras.
ganvixiloT magaliTebi:
2) T.:mfg1,ლa3,ეe1,კe4; პ.პ.:a2, f2, g2, h2 (8) შ.:mff8,

ლe7, ეh8, კe8; პ.პ.: b6, f7, g7, h7 (8)
117
1. კc6! ლ:a3 2. ეe1:e8#
3) T.:mfh1,ლg6,ეa1ეh3 კe5; პ.პ.:a2, b2, c4, f4, g2, h2 (11)
შ.:mfh8, ლf2, ეa8, ეf8 მგ4; პ.პ.: ა7, ბ6, c5, g7, h7 (10)
rogor iTamaSebdiT SavebiT?
5).gaxsnili qiSi. am taqtikuri xerxis dros
svlas akeTebs erTi figura, qiSs ki acxadebs
meore figura. magaliTebi:
1. მc6+ da Savebi kargaven laziers.

2) T.:mfc2, ეf6, კe5; პ.პ.:a2, b3, c3, g2, h3 (8);
შ.: mfh8, ლa3, ეb7, კe3, კf7, მf8; პ.პ.:b4, g6, h7 (9)
1.ეg6#
6).ormagi qiSi. es aris gaxsnili qiSis iseTi
saxe, rodesac gaxsnili da gamxsneli figurebi
erTdroulad ucxadeben qiSs mowinaaRmdegis
mefes. ganvixiloT magaliTi: mesoviCi-slobodiani,
1937.
T.:mfg1, ლc7, ეf1, მh4; პ.პ.:a3, b5, c4, f2, g3 (9);
შ.: mff8, ლh3, ეe4, კb7; პ.პ.:a7, b6, g7, h7 (8)
1....ლh1!! 2.მფ:h1 ე:h4++ 3.მფg1 ეh1#
7).wisqvili. es kombinacia gaxsnili qiSis
erT-erTi saxea. am dros ori an meti gaxsnili
118
qiSi gamoiyeneba da, rogorc wesi, masSi
monawileobs etli da ku. es ori figura qmnis
wisqvilis borbalis msgavs meqanizms. ganvixiloT
magaliTebi:
1) T.:მფb2 ეg7 კc7; პ.:b3 (4);
შ.:მფh8 მf8 მh6 კf7; პ.პ.:d7, g4 (6)
1.ე:f7+ მფg8 2.ეg7+ მფh8 3.ე:d7+ მფg8 4.ეg7+ მფh8
5.ე:g4+ მფh7 da TeTrebi igeben.
2) თ.:მფg1, ეh2, კf5; პ.: a2 (4); შ.:მფg8, ლa2, ეc2;
პ.პ.:f7, g7 (5)
1. კh7+ მფh8 2.კ:c2+ მფg8 3.კh7+ მფh8 4.კd3+ მფg8
5.კ:c4 da TeTrebi igeben.
3) tore-laskeri, moskovi, 1925 weli
1. კf6!! ლ:h5 2.ე:g7+ მფh8 3.ე:f7+ მფg8 4.ეg7+ მფh8

5.ე:b7+ მფg8 6.ეg7+ მფh8 7.ეg5+ მფh7 8.ე:h5+ მფg6 da
TeTrebi igeben.
8).daxSuli SamaTi. am kombinaciis dros Sewi-
rvis saSualebiT mowinaaRmdegis mefes sakuTari
figurebi uketaven gasaqcev gzas. igi mTlianad
119
daxSulia Tavisi figurebiT. ganvixiloT magali-
Tebi:
1. მh6++ მფh8 2.ლg8+! ე:g8 3.მf7#

2) lusenas etiudi. espaneTi, 1497 weli.
თ.:მფd5, ლc6, მe5 (3);
შ.:მფg8, ლa4, ეa8, ეb8; პ.პ.:g7,h7 (6)
1. ლe6+ მფh8 2.მf7+ მფg8 3.მh6++ მფh8 4.ლg8+! ე:g8
5.მf7# 63
3) Semdeg poziciaSi SamaTi or svlaSia.
120
1.ეh6! gh 2.g7# ან 1.ეh6! კ (ნებისმიერი სვლა) 2.ეh7#
davaleba #11
SamaTi or svlaSi
1.T.:mfd6, ლc3; პ.პ: f2,f3,h3 (5); შ.:მფg5, ლh5;
პ.პ.:f5,g6(4)
2.T.:mfg1, ლg3, მd7; პ.პ: f2,g2,h2 (6); შ.:მფg8, ლa5,
ეa8, ეh8, კg7; პ.პ.:a7,b7,f7,h7 (9)
3.T.:mfh1, ლb4, ეd1; პ.პ: f6,g2,h3 (6); შ.:მფg8, ლa7,
ეf8; პ.პ.:f7,g6,h7 (6)
4. T.:mfh1, ლf8, კc3; პ.პ: a2,b3,c4,h2 (7); შ.:მფh8,
ლh5, კe5, კg8; პ.პ.:a7,c6,h7 (7)
5. T.:mfc1, ლh6, ეh2, კd3, მf3; პ.პ: a2,b2, c3, d4, f2, g2,
h5 (12);
შ.:მფh8, ლd8, ეa8, ეg8,კc8, კg7; პ.პ.:a7,b7,c6,e6, f7, g6,
h7(13)
6. T.:mfc1, ლh6, ეh2, კd3, მf6; პ.პ: a2,b2, c2, e4, e5 (10);
შ.:მფh8, ლe7, ეd4, კe8, მf8; პ.პ.:a7,b5,c6,e6, h7(10)
7. .T.:mfa2, ლe5 ეg5; პ.პ: a3,b2,c3 (6); შ.:მფh6, ლc1,
ეb8; პ.პ.:e3,g6, h7 (6)
8. T.:mfg1, ლf7, ეe1, კb3; პ.პ: a2,b2, c2, f2, g2, h2 (10);
შ.:მფh8, ლd8, ეa8, კd7; პ.პ.:a7,b7,c7,d6, h7(10)
9. T.:mfb1, ლg4, ეd1, ეh3, კd3; პ.პ: a3,b2, e5, f6, h2 (10);
შ.:მფh8, ლd8, ეd4, ეg8 კc8; პ.პ.:b3, c6, e6, f7, g6, h7(11)
10. T.:mfh1, ლe6, ეf6; პ.პ: a3,b2, f5, g4, g2, h4 (8);
შ.:მფh7, ლc8, ეa8, ეh8; პ.პ.:a6, b7, c6, g7, h6 (9)
121
11.T.:mfa4, ლe4, კb1, კf6, მh3 (5); შ.:მფh7, ლg8, ეh8,
კc3, კg6; პ.:h6 (6)
12.T.:mfg1, ლb2, ეd3, კe6, მf4; პ.პ: a2, d5, f2, g2, h2 (10);
შ.:მფh8, ლg7, ეd8, მa5,კa6; პ.პ.:a7,b6, f5, g6, h7(10)
$21. endSpilis ZiriTadi principebi. martivi

endSpilebi
,,moWadrake, romelic didi simaRleebisaken

miiswrafis, valdebulia uyvardes,
icodes da SeeZlos endSpilis TamaSi~.
lev polugaevski
endSpili, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Wadrakis

partiis daskvniTi nawilia. igi iseTive mniSvne-
lovania, rogorc debiuti da mitelSpili. moWad-
rakem unda icodes, rogori endSpilisaken unda
miiswrafodes da rogor unda iTamaSos es end-
Spili. daboloebebis tipobrivi poziciebis codna
moWadrakes uadvilebs azrovnebas da aZlevs dro-
is ekonomias.
endSpilis mTavari strategiuli amocanaa pai-
kis winsvla lazierSi gasayvanad. amitomac Zalze
izrdeba paikTa roli. erTi zedmeti paiki xSirad
sakmarisia gamarjvebis mosapoveblad.
daboloebaSi mefes ukve xifaTi ar emuqreba.
is safaridan gamodis da aqtiurad ebmeba
brZolaSi. radgan mefe endSpilSi Semtevi aqtiuri
122
figuraa, amitom ar unda dagvaviwydes endSpilSi
mefis centralizeba.
endSpilSi cota figuraa da amitom TiTo-
euli maTganis roli Zalze izrdeba. aucilebelia
maTi maqsimaluri gaaqtiureba da urTierT-
SeTanxmeba. endSpilSi xSirad partiis bedi erT
tempzea damokidebuli, amitom saWiroa drois
faqtors yuradReba mivaqcioT da uazrod ar
davkargoT arc erTi tempi.
endSpilis Seswavla daviwyoT yvelaze martivi
poziciebiT, kerZod, mefe da paiki mefis wina-
aRmdeg. Zlieri mxaris strategiuli gegmaa paikis
`gacocxleba~. susti mxare cdilobs gamsvleli
paikis win daikavos adgili. jer vnaxoT magaliTi,
rodesac paiki mefis dauxmareblad gadis lazi-
erSi.
diagramaze wiTeli xazebiT gamoyofilia

paikis kvadrati, romlis TiToeuli gverdi tolia
123
im manZilisa, romelic paiks aSorebs gamsvleli
ujrisagan. poziciis Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba
kvadratis wesi, romelsac iyeneben variantebis
gaTvlis gasaadvileblad.
Tu susti mxaris mefe ukve imyofeba kvad-
ratSi an Tavisi svliT Sedis masSi, maSin yaimia.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi mefe paiks ver aCerebs.
igulisxmeba, rom TeTrebis mefe TamaSSi aqtiurad
ar monawileobs.
poziciaSi: T.:mfh6, პ.a2(2); შ.:მფf2 (1) Tu TeT-
rebis svlaa, maSin 1. a2-a4 svliT igeben, radgan
Savi mefe kvadratSi ver Sedis. ar dagvaviwydes,
rom TeTr paiks sawyisi poziciidan SeuZlia or
ujraze gadasvla. Tu am poziciaSi Savebis svlaa,
maSin 1....mff2-e3 isini kvadratSi arian da yaimia.
ganvixiloT Semdegi mniSvnelovani pozicia:
124
am poziciaSi arc erT mxares ar awyobs svlis
gakeTeba: Tu TeTrebis svlaa 1.mfe6 da patia. Tu
Savebis svlaa 1....mfd7 2.მფf7 da paiki lazierSi
gadis.
am poziciaSic arc erT mxares ar awyobs

svlis gakeTeba. Tu TeTrebis svlaa da iTamaSeben
mefiT Savebic iTamaSeben mefiT da sawyis pozi-
cias miviRebT an 1. f7+ მფf8 2. მფf6 da patia. Tu
Savebis svlaa 1....mff8 2. f7 მფg7 3.მფe7 da paiki
lazierSi gadis.
mefeebis pirispir dgomas erTi ujris
daSorebiT, opozicia ewodeba. am dros svlis
gakeTeba orive mxarisTvis araxelsayrelia. iseT
pozicias, romelSic arc erT mxares ar awyobs
svlis gakeTeba, ormxrivi cugcvangi ewodeba.
ganvixiloT magaliTebi:
1) T.:mfc4, პ.a4 (2); შ.:მფd7 (11. mfc4-d5 da igeben
125
2) T.:mfa5, პ.a4 (2); შ.:მფa8 (1) yaimia svlis rigis
miuxedavad.
3) T.:mfc6, პ.b5 (2); შ.:მფa7 (1) mogebaa svlis
rigis miuxedavad. marTlac, TeTrebis svlis dros
1. mfc7 მფa8 2. mfb6 მფb8 3. mfa6 მფa8 4. mfb6 მფb8 5.
b7 da paiki gadis lazierSi.
Savebis svlis dros: 1.... მფa8 2. mfc7 მფa7 3.
c6+ da paiki gadis lazierSi an 1.... მფb8 2. mfb6
მფa8 3.b6+ da paiki gadis lazierSi.
4) T.:mfd6, პ.d5 (2); შ.:მფd8 (1) mogebaa svlis
rigis miuxedavad.
ganvixiloT kidev erTi mniSvnelovani pozicia
am poziciaSi, Tu Savebis svlaa, maSin TeT-

rebi advilad igeben. marTlad, 1....mfc7 2.მფc5 მფc8
3. მფb6 მფb8 4. მფ:a6 da igeben an
1.... მფd8 2. მფd6 მფc8 3.c7 მფb7 4. მფd7 da igeben.
126
TeTrebis svlis SemTxvevaSi saqme ufro rTu-
ladaa da mogebisaTvis TeTrebma unda mimarTon
e.w. samkuTxedis wess, romlis saSualebiTac maT
SeuZliaT SavebisTvis svlis gadacema.
1. mf.d4! mf.d8 (ar SeiZleba 1... mf.c7 2 mf.c5-is
gamo) 2. mf.c4 mf.c8 3. mf.d5!
TeTrebma d4,c4,d5 (samkuTxedi) ujrebis gamoye-
nebiT moaxerxes SavebisaTvis svlis gadacema. 3...
mf.c7 4. mfc5 an 3...mfd8 4.mfd6 da TeTrebi igeben.
praktikaSi aseve xSirad gvxvdeba etlebis
daboloebebi. ganvixiloT umartivesi tipiuri
poziciebi:
.
1.ee1 mfd7 2.ee4! eh1 Sav etls ar SeuiZlia h
vertikalis datoveba,
radgan mas daikavebs TeTri etli, Semdeg
mefe daikavebs h xazs da TeTrebi gaacocxleben
paiks. 3. mff7 ef1+ 4.mfg6 eg1+5.mff6 eg2 6. ee5 ef2+ 7.mfg6
eg2+ 8.eg5 da paiki lazierSi gadis an 5...ef1+ 6.mfg5
127
eg1 7.eg4! da TeTrebi igeben. mogebis amxerxs xidi
ewodeba.
ganvixiloT meore pozicia.
Savebi flangidan uteven TeTrebis mefes da

aRweven yaims:
1...ea8+2.mfd7 ea7+ 3.mfd6 ea6+mfc7 ea7+ da yaimia.
yaimi ganapiroba im garemoebam, rom etli mefes
utevs "grZeli mxridan".
Semdeg poziciaSi etli mefes utevs "mokle
mxridan".
1...ea8+ 2.mfc7 ea7+ 3. mfc8 ea8+ 4.mfb7 da TeTrebi

igeben.
128
Semdegi pozicia aRmoCenilia andre dankan
filidoris (1726-1795) mier da mis saxels atarebs.
1...eb6! 2.f6 eb1 3.mfg6 eg1+da mudmivi qiSiT

yaimia. ganvixilod kidev erTi pozicia imave
Temaze.
1. mfg6 ef1! mff6 mfg8! (Savebi ageben 2...mfe8-ze:

3.ea8+ mfd7 4. ef8! ef2 5.mfg7 mfe7 6.f6 mfd7 7.ea8 eg2+
8.mff8 ef2 9.f7 eg2 da Semdeg viyenebT "xidis" meTods.
aq agreTve igebs manevri: ea8-a4-h4-h8-g8) 3.ea8+mfh7
129
4.ef8 ea1! da etli grZel mxares ikavebs. 5.ee8
ef1!6.mfe6 mfg7 da yaimia. sainteresoa poziciebi,
romleSic etli da kidura paiki ebrZvis etls.
Tu paiki miyvanilia a7 ujramde, rodesac Savi
mefe aswrebs g7 an h7 ujrebze moxvedras, maSin
yaimia.
am poziciaSi Secdomaa 1...mff7, 2.eh8! e:a7 3.eh7+

svlebis gamo.1... mfg7 an 1...mfh7 yaims iZleva. Tu am
diagramaze mefeebi dganan TeTrebis h5, xolo
Savebis h3, maSin TeTrebi igeben Semdegi lamazi
manevriT:
1. mfg5 მფg3 2.მფf5 მფf3 3.მფe5 მფe3 4.მფd5 მფd3
5.მფc5 მფc3 6.ეc8! ე:a7 7.მფb6+ da TeTrebi etls
igeben.
Tu TeTrebi a paiks miiyvanen a6 ujramde, maSin
maTi mogebis gegmaa: mefe daayenon a7 ujraze da
Semdeg etlis daxmarebiT gaiyvanon paiki. qvemoT
mogvyavs diagrama, romelSic aRniSnulia TeTri
mefis zona, rodesac mogeba ar xerxdeba.
130
magaliTisaTvis TeTri mefe davsvaT e6
ujraze. maSin TamaSi SeiZleba gagrZeldes Semdeg-
nairad: 1.... ეh1! 2.ეa7+ მფg8! 3.მფf5 ეh6! 4.მფe5 ეg6
5.მფd5 ეf6 6.ეa8+ მფg7 7.მფc5 ეf5+ 8.მფb6 ეf6+ 9.მფa7
ეf7+ 10.მფb6 ეf6+ 11. მფc5 ეf5+ 12.მფd6 ეf6+ 13.მფe5 ეh6
14.a7 ეa6 15.მფd5 ეa1 da yaimia.
davaleba #12
1) T.: mfe8, ეf1; პ.:e7 (3); შ.: მფg8, ეa2 (2) svla
Savebisaa. etlma daikava grZeli mxare, magram
Savebi yaims mainc ver aRweven. ratom?
2) T.: mfg6, ეd1; პ.:f6 (3); შ.: მფg8, ეa8 (2) monaxeT
mogebis gegma.
3) T.: mfd1, ეa8; პ.პ.:a7,f5 (4); შ.: მფf7, ეa2; პ.:g7 (3)
TeTrebi igeben.
4) T.: mfh3, ეa8; პ.:a7 (3); შ.: მფf7, ეa1 (2) svla
TeTrebisaa. SeuZlia Tu ara maT mogeba?
131
$22. saWadrako SejibrebebSi monawileoba.
samagaliTo literaturis nusxa
,,Wadraki SesaniSnavi garTobaa:
TamaSis dros visvenebT muSaobisagan
da gvaviwydeba Cveni usiamovnebani~.
lev tolstoi
rogor unda vimuSaoT sakuTar Tavze, rom gavx-
deT kargi moWadrake? es sakiTxi ainterebs axal-
beda moWadrakeebs. cxadia, erT-or weliwadSi axal-
beda karg TamaSs ver iswavlis, Tu intensiurad ar
imuSava sakuTar Tavze, monawileoba ar miiRo
turnirebSi, ar imecadina Teoriis dasaufleblad.
vnaxoT ras gvirCeven didi moWadrakeebi. ,,moWad-
rakes rkinis nevebi unda hqondes. ai ratom aris
fizikuri momzadeba, Tu ara yvelaze mniSvnelovani,
saWadrako momzadebis aucilebeli elementi~, ambobs
maqs eive.
daostatebisaTvis mTavaria praqtikuli TamaSisa
da Teoriis dauflebis swori Sexameba. ,,xSirad
kiTxuloben, rogor unda moemzado Zlieri Semad-
genlobis turnirSi saTamaSod. me mgonia monawi-
leoba rac SeiZleba bevr turnirSi, axalgazrda
moWadrakis momzadebis yvelaze kargi formaa~,
gvaswavlis paul keresi.
axalbedam guldasmiT unda gaarCios Tavisi da
ostatTa gaTamaSebuli partiebi. Tavis partiebSi
monaxos xarvezebi, ostatTa partiebSi ki-poziciis
Sefaseba, gegmis arCeva, kombinaciis momzadeba, sade-
biuto ideebis xorcSesxma da sxva. ostatTa parti-
ebSi yvelaferi ufro gasagebia, roca igi komenti-
rebulia erT-erTi avtoris an gamoCenili moWad-
rakis mier. dabolos, moWadrake mudam unda ecno-
bodes periodul saWadrako presas, rom iyos Taname-
drove Wadrakis ganviTarebis kursSi.
132
moviyvanoT wriul turnirebSi monawileobis
dros Sexvedrebis rigiTobis cxrilebi.
133
moviyvanoT saWadrako literaturis mcire
CamonaTvali, romelic mogexmarebaT Wadrakis
saidumloebebSi Rrmad wvdomisaTvis.
1. giorgi maWaraSvili, daviT gurgeniZe -

Wadrakis gakveTilebi. Tbilisi 2005
2. aleqsandre arseniZe - Wadraki damwyebTaTvis.
quTaisi, 2002
3. Tengiz giorgaZe - Wadraki. Wadrakis Teoriis
swavlebis meTodebi da saWadrako azris
ganviTarebis istoria. Tbilisi, 1999
4. Tengiz giorgaZe - qarTuli Wadrakis memati-
ane sam wignad. wigni pirveli. ,,mecniereba~
Tbilisi, 1995
5. Tengiz giorgaZe - qarTuli Wadrakis
mematiane sam wignad. wigni meore. ,,mecniereba~
Tbilisi, 1997w.
6. Tengiz giorgaZe - qarTuli Wadrakis
mematiane sam wignad. wigni mesame. ,,mecniereba~
Tbilisi, 2000w.
7. viqtor gogliZe, henrix kaspariani – gamoCe-
nil moWadrakeTa 100 kombinacia. Tbilisi,
1958w.
8. gia nadareiSvili - saWadrako etiudebi.
,,nakaduli~ Tbilisi, 1965w.
9. gia nadareiSvili - saWadrako etiudebi.
sablitgami Tbilisi, 1952w..
10. velimir kalandaZe - maradiuli moZraoba. 111
saWadrako etiudi.'Tbilisi, 1994w.
134
11. daviT gurgeniZe - viswavloT endSpili. Tbi-
lisi, 2004
12. maqs eive - Wadrakis leqciebis kursi.
Tbilisi, 1948
13. Т. Гиоргадзе - Окно в шахматный мир. Тбилиси.
2004г.
14. Е.И. Умнов - Что такое шахматная композиция. ФиС,
Москва, 1954г.
15. Т. Гиоргадзе, Д.Гургенидзе - Александр
Доборджгинидзе – выдающийся грузинский
шахматный композитор. Тбилиси, 2003.
16. Советский шахматный этюд. Сборник ФиС, Москва ,
1955.
17. А.Я.Рохлин - Шахматные миниатюры. Минск, 1979.
18. В.Панов, Я.Эстрин - Курс дебютов. ФиС, Москва ,
1968.
19. П.Романовский - Мительшпиль, М., ФиС, 1960.
20. И.О.Липницкий - Вопросы современной шахматной
теории, киев, 1956.
21. Л.М.Слуцкий, М.И.Шерешевский - Контуры
эндшпиля. М., ФиС,1989.
22.М.И. Дворецкий - Исскуство анализа. М., ФиС,1989.
23. Шахматное окончание. Пешеные, слановые, коневые.
Под общей редакцией гроссмейстера Ю.Авербаха. М.,
ФиС,1956.
24. В.Р. Зак - Пути совершествования. М., ФиС, 1988.
135
25. Я.Нейштадт-По следам дебютных катастроф. Москва,
физкультура и Спорт 1979.
26. Г.М. Каспарян-555 этюдов-миниатюр. Ереван, 1975.
27. Шахматы-школе. Составители Б.С.Гершунский,
А.Н.Костьев. Москва, ,,Педагогика,,, 1990
28. А.С.Суэтин - Середина игры в шахматной партии.
Минск, 1961.
29. Э.Я.Гик-Компьютерные шахматы. М., ФиС, 1990.
30. А.С.Суэтин - Путь к мастерству. М., ФиС, 1980.
31.m.TxeliZe – Wadraki damwyebTaTvis. Tbilisi 2011.
32. m.TxeliZe – moWadrakis sadebiuto repertuaris
damuSavebis meTodika. nawili pirveli. samecniero
Jurnali ìnteleqti~ #3(50) 2014w.
33. m.TxeliZe – taqtika Wadrakis partiaSi: `ra aris
saWadrako kombinacia~ samecniero Jurnali
ìnteleqti~ #3(53) 2015w.
damuSavebis meTodika. sawadrako zala da
SemTxveviToba WadrakSi. nawili meore. samecniero
Sedgenis meTodika. nawili mesame. samecniero
136
$23. samagaliTo Temebi referatebisaTvis
,,aravin dainanebs dros, romelsac

Wadraks dauTmobs, radgan igi xels
gviwyobs... yovel profesiaSi~.
tigran petrosiani
Wadraki saocrad lamazi TamaSia. imdeni kombi-
nacia, ramdenic WadrakSia, sportisa da xelov-
nebis arc erT dargs ar gaaCnia. yvelasadmi Cveni
keTili rCevaa iswavlon Wadrakis TamaSi miuxe-
davad asakisa.
amisaTvis arsebobs bevri saWadrako litera-
tura. Cveni kidev erTi wigni vfiqrobT am saqmes
waadgeba.
mogvyavs samagaliTo Temebi referatebisa-
Tvis, romelTa damuSaveba unda SeZlon damwyebma
moWadrakeebma.
1.Wadrakis warmoSoba da ganviTareba saqar-
TveloSi.
2. Wadraki Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi.
3.ratom unda iswavlebodes Wadraki skolebSi.
4. kavSiri Wadraksa da filosofiasa da
fsiqologias Soris.
5. andria dadiani da misi Semoqmedeba.
6. saWadrako kompoziciis warmoSoba da
ganviTareba saqarTveloSi.
7. vaxtang qarselaZe - moWadrake, mwvrTneli,
adamiani.
8. mefe da paiki mefis winaaRmdeg. kvadratis
wesi. samkuTxedis wesi.
9. etli da kidura paiki etlis winaaRmdeg.
10. etli da paiki etlis winaaRmdeg.
137
$24. sadebiuto repertuaris damuSavebis meTodika.
ra aris moWadrakis TamaSis Zala avstrieli didos-
tati rudolf Spilmani ase pasuxobs am SekiTxvas:
moWadrakis TamaSis Zala aris misi Sefasebis unari da
saWadrako terminologiiT _ misi poziciuri xedva. es
unari yvela saWadrako Tvisebaze mniSvnelovania. is war-
moadgens TamaSis Zalis `zurgis Zvals”, yvela gaTvlis an
gegmis safuZvels. saWadrako problemebis gadasawyvetad
moWadrake umiznod ki ar xarjavs dros, aramed is beds
cdis mxolod im variantebis ganxilviT, romlebSic misi
azriT Sesabamisi Sansebi arsebobs. poziciuri xedva
moWadrakis `Tilismaa”.
axla ganvixiloT Teoretikosisa da meTodologis,
sabWoTa kavSiris ostatis vasil panovis msjeloba
moWadrakis TamaSis Zalis Sesaxeb. misi azriT nebismier
sakmarisad gamocdil pirvel an meoreTanrigosan moWa-
drakes SeuZlia ipovos rTuli da lamazi mogeba micemul
poziciaSi, Tu mas vetyviT rom iq arsebobs mogebis
brwyinvale gza da mis mosaZebnad mivcemT imden dros,
ramdensac is mogvTxovs. magram ipovo igive mogeba,
rodesac winaswar ar ici aris Tu ara is, ipovo mogeba
daZabul saturniro partiaSi ramdenime wuTSi an
ramdenime wamSi SeuZlia mxolod maRali klasis moTa-
maSes da swored es aris moWadrakis TamaSis Zala.
Cveni meore sakiTxia aris Tu ara WadrakSi SemTxve-
viToba da Tu aris ra doziT moqmedeb is partiis bedze?
movusminoT isev ostat vasil panovs. is mTeli katego-
riulobiT acxadebs, rom WadrakSi `SemTxveviToba” ar
arsebobs. yoveli partiis Sedegi WeSmariti da kanonieria.
ar arsebobs WadrakSi `gamarTleba” an àr gamarTleba” im
azriT, rom sasiamovnod an arasaxarbielod aewyo satur-
niro grafiki, partiebis feri da a.S. `gamarTlebis” Sede-
138
gebi kanonierad ekuTvnis imas, visac `gaumarTla” da ara
mxolod imitom, rom `Zliers umarTlebs”, aramed ZiriTa-
dad imitom, rom vakeTebT ra ìarlikebs~ _ `gamarTleba”.
àrgamarTleba”, `SemTxveviToba”, Cven xelovnurad vglejT
kritikul pozicias saWadrako brZolis zogadi konteqs-
tidan. rodesac vambobT, rom -s partia `mogebuli
hqonda”, magram man `SemTxveviT waago”, magaliTad imitom,
rom `dasva” lazieri an dros gadaacila da a.S. gana
viTvaliswinebT ki, rom im momentSi -i, romelsac ase
àr gaumarTla” vin icis ra mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda
daZabulobisagan, rom iqneb swored es `dasma” eCveneboda
mas miRebul poziciaSi erTaderT swor gagrZelebad anu
rogorc ityvian umtyuna `saazrovno aparatma”, rac ase
kargad icis yvela moWadrakem.
am msjelobis Semdeg v. panovi akeTebs daskvnas, rom
mogeba yovelTvis mogebaa, wagebuli yovelTvis damnaSavea!
partiis nebismieri Sedegi kanonzomieri, swori da srul-
fasovania! misi azriT partiis wagebis Semdeg Tavis mar-
Tleba da `SemTxveviTobis” moSvelieba ki ar aris swori,
aramed saWiroa momavalSi rac SeiZleba kargi TamaSi.
didostati r. Spilmani bolomde ar iziarebs gamoT-
qmul daskvnas da mec viziareb mis argumentebs. kerZod is
ambobs: WadrakSi SemTxveviTobas da Secdomebs adgili aqvs
imaze ufro xSirad, vidre Cven vfiqrobT. seriozul
brZolaSi maRali klasis ostatebi uSveben warmoudgenel
Secdomebs. Tu Cven mSvidad SevxedavT am faqts, mivxv-
debiT rom amaSi gasakviri araferia. yvela adamians aqvs
Secdomis ufleba. amas veravin uaryofs. erTi cdeba
saSualod yovel meaTe partiaSi, meore _ yovel mexuTe
partiaSi da a.S. am Secdomebs araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs
ama Tu im ostatis TamaSis stilTan. Tanabari Zalis
moTamaSeebSi maT Soris gansxvaveba ZiriTadad damoki-
139
debulia maTi Secdomebis sixSireze da maT mdgomareobaze
Sexvedris momentis dros. Secdomebi mosdiT yvelaze
genialur ostatebsac ki. swored amitom didostati r.
Spelmani bolomde ar eTanxmeba didostat zigfred
taraSs, romelic amtkicebs, rom àr gamarTleba” Wad-
rakSi saerTod ar arsebobs da es cudi TamaSis arazusti
aRniSvnaa. Spilmanis azriT aucilebelia gavigoT da
ganvasxvavoT moTamaSem Secdoma dauSva ucodinrobis,
gaugebrobis Tu sxva mizezebis gamo da romlis gamo
umtyuna mas `saazrovno aparatma”. ZiriTadad uxeSi
Secdomebi gamoCenil moWadrakeebs mosdiT meore mizezis
gamo, amitom termini `cudi TamaSi” mas miaCnda metis-
metad mkacr gamoTqmad. misi azriT ufro zustia termini
àr gamarTleba”. sxva ra unda davarqvaT magaliTad SemT-
xvevas, rodesac moWadrakem xelovnebis yvela wesis dac-
viT miiRo SesaniSnavi pozicia da moulodnelad dainaxa,
rom mowinaaRmdeges aqvs varianti, romelic Tavdayira
ayenebs yvelafers da misi adre danaxva, winaswar gaazreba
an gaTvla SeuZlebeli iyo.
Tavis argumentaciis sailustracioT didostat r.
Spilmans mohyavs pozicia alioxin-eitsis partiidan,
romelic gaTamaSda 1923 wels.
TeTrebi: mfC1, le6, ee2, ef1, me3; p.p.: a2, b2, d5, e4,
f3, h2 (11);
Savebi: mfC8, lC5, ef8, eC4, ke5; p.p.: a5, b6, c5, e7,
g6, h7 (11)
TeTrebis svlaa. alioxini Segnebulad wavida am
poziciaze, radgan is Tvlida, rom 1. mg4-is Semdeg mis
mier gaTvlili variantebis safuZvelze miiRebda ukeTes
pozicias. kerZod, is Tvlida, rom h2 punqti daculia,
mowinaaRmdegis ku e5-ze da paiki e7-ze dartymis qveS
arian. Tu Savebi iTamaSeben 1...kf6, riTac daicaven e5
140
paiks, maSin 2e5 svliT TeTrebi miiReben ukeTes TamaSs,
Tu ku wava da ar daicavs e7 paiks, maSin TeTrebi
lazieriT moklaven am paiks. sxva variantebidan mas gaT-
vlili hqonda agreTve varianti 1.mg4 eg4 2.fg4 ef1 +
3.mfg2 lh2 + 4.mff1… svlis CaTvliT. magram swored am
variantSi mas àr gaumarTla”. jer erTi am poziciaSi
aRmoCnda 15 svliani varianti, romliTac Savebs SeuZliaT
etiudurad moigon partia da meorec, eitsma ipova es
mogeba. es rom ar momxdariyo, a. alioxins 1.mg4 svlis
gakeTebamde unda gaeTvala es 20 svliani variantic
Tavisi gagrZelebebiT da Seefasebina 20 svlis Semdeg
miRebuli pozicia, rac cxadia, aRemateba adamianis
SesaZleblobebs.
partia ase gagrZelda: 4... lh1 + 5.mff2 kd4 + 6.mfg3
lg1 + 7.mfh2 (7.eg2 le1 + 8.mfh3 g5) lf1 + 8.eg2 lh1 +
9.mfg3 (9.eh2 lf3 + 10.mfh4 lf4kf6) 9... le1 + 10
mfh3 g5! pirveli etiuduri svla 11.ec2 lf1 + 12.mfh2
lg1 + 13.mfC3 lC1 + 14.mfg3 ld1!! meore etiuduri svla
15.ec3 (15eg2 an 15eC2-ze igebs 15... le1 + da a.S.) 15...
lg1 + 16.mfC3 lf1 + 17.mfg3 kf2 + 18.mff3 kg1 + 19.mfg3
lf2 20.mfC3 lC2 an 17.mfC2kg1 + 18.mfC1 (18.mfg3 lf2 +
19. mfC3 lC2#) kf2 + 19.mfC2 lg1 + 20.mfC3 lC1.
moWadrakis sadebiuto repertuaris Sedgena Wadrakis
Teoriis erT-erTi urTulesi Temaa. Cven davinteresdiT am
TemiT da SevimuSaveT misi Sedgenis meTodika msoflio
meoTxe Cempionis aleqsandre alioxinis im principebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebiTac is xelmZRvanelobda debi-
utebis gaTamaSebis dros. CamovTvliT a. alioxinis am
principebs:
141
1. universaluroba debiutSi;
2. SavebiT TamaSis principi;
3. konkretul-taqtikuri debiuti;
4. sadebiuto problemebis konkretuli gada-
wyveta;
5. debiutebisadmi kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi
midgoma.
Cven CamovayalibeT maRali kvalifikaciis mqone moWa-
drakis ZiriTad, meoTxe sadebiuto repertuaris Sedgenis
meTodikas da mis qmediTunarianobas vamowmebT erTi kon-
kretuli repertuaris _ Cemi sakuTari sadebiuto reper-
tuaris magaliTze. sadebiuto repertuaris Sedgenis meTo-
dikis Camosayalibeblad vixelmZRvaneleT Semdegi debu-
lebebiT:
1. debiutebis “Caketili” sistema;

2. debiutebis “dagegmili” cvla;
3. TamaSi daswrebaze;
4. svlis SerCeva pirvel kritikul poziciaSi.
ganvixiloT es debulebebi dawvrilebiT. daviwyeT
imiT, rom repertuarSi Semavali debiutebi davyaviT or
jgufad: ZiriTad da damxmare debiutebis jgufebad.
ZiriTadi jgufis debiutebi is debiutebia, romelTa
TamaSi moWadrakes moswons da Seesabameba mis stils.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi es repertuari ganicdis gadaxali-
seba-Sevsebas debiutebis modificirebis xarjze asakis,
gemovnebis cvlilebisa da sxva faqtorebis gaTvaliswine-
biT. cxadia debiuti, romelsac irCevs moWadrake Tavis
repertuarisaTvis, unda hqondes mas ara marto yovel-
mxriv Seswavlili, aramed yvelanairad unda Seesaba-
mebodes mis stilsa da gemovnebas. es erTianoba aucilebe-
lia maqsimaluri sportuli warmatebis misaRwevad.
142
debiutebis `Caketili~ sistema niSnavs, rom romeli
debiutic ar unda gaTamaSdes, debiutidan gamosvlis Sem-
deg pozicia unda iyos misTvis nacnobi, Seswavlili
miRebul poziciaSi Semdgomi TamaSis ideebi da maTi
ganxorcielebis saSualebebi. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mowi-
naaRmdege icnobs mis sadebiuto repertuars da unda
àmoagdos” is misi debiutebidan, maSin gamoiyeneba damxma-
re debiutebis jgufi, romlis erT-erT debiutSi unda
moxvdes an debiutebis `dagegmili” cvliT miiRos Tavisi
repertuaris erT-erTi ZiriTadi debiuti (meore debu-
leba).
kidev erTi Tavisebureba: miRebul “damxmare” debi-
utSi, romelic SeiZleba aRmoCndes mowinaaRmdegis sadebi-
uto repertuaris erT-erTi ZiriTadi debiutic ki, man
unda airCios ara uZlieresi cnobili Teoriuli gagrZe-
leba, aramed an Zveli, miviwyebuli an “saSualo” siZli-
eris varianti, romelic Seicavs mis mier gakeTebul erT
ucnob svlas mainc (winaswar mofiqrebulsa da Semowme-
buls).
ganxilul or debulebasTan mWidro kavSirSia mesame
debulebac _ TamaSi “daswrebaze”.
vnaxoT rogor iyenebs am debulebas Cemi saWadrako
repertuari. garkveulobisaTvis daviwyoT TeTrebiT. me
vTamaSob 1.e2-e4.
ra aris Cemi ZiriTadi debulebis jgufi 1... e7-e5is
SemTxvevaSi? esenia:
1.e4e5 2.mf3 mc6 3.c3 (poncianis debiuti)
1.e4e5 2.mf3 mc6 3.mc3 mf6 4.d4ed 5.md4 (oTxi mxedris
dacva)
1.e4e5 2.mf3 mc6 3.kb5 (espanuri partia)
143
vTqvaT, mowinaaRmdeges ar unda gamomyves am debiu-
tebSi. amitom mpasuxobs
1.e4e5 2.mf3 mc6 d6 (filidoris dacva)
1.e4e5 2.mf3 f5 (latviuri gambiti)
1.e4e5 2.mf3 mf6 (rusuli partia)
am SemTxvevaSi SemuSavebuli maqvs damxmare debiute-
bis jgufis Semdegi gagrZelebebi:
1.e4e5 2.mf3 d6 3.kc4 mc6 4.c3... filidoris dacvaSi,
1.e4e5 2.mf3 f5 3.kc4 fe 4.me5 latviur gambitSi,
1.e4e5 2.mf3 mf6 3.mc3 mc6 4.d4 oTxi mxedris
dacvaSi.
viTvaliswineb agreTve espanuri partiis Sesabamis
variantebsac.
Tu ar minda aRniSnul debiutebSi movxvde, gamomdi-
nare saturniro mdgomareobidan an sxva mosazrebebis
gamo, maSin viyeneb e.w. `daswrebaze” TamaSs. kerZod,
1.e4e5-ze vTamaSob 2.d4 ed 3.mf3 mc6 4.md4 mf6 5.mc6lf6
6.f4 variants.
exla vnaxoT ras upasuxebs Cemi repertuari
siciliur dacvas 1.e4c5. ZiriTadi jgufis gagrZelebebia:
2.d4 dc 3c3 ... (moras gabiti) da
2.mf 3.e6 3d4 cd 4.md4 mf6 5.mc3... (Seveningenis
sistema).
damxmare jgufSi maqvs: 1.e4 c5 2.c3 (alapinis sis-
tema) da 1.e4c5 2.mf3 mf6 3.mc3d5-ze. 4e5-iT gadavdivar
alioxinis dacvis skandinaviur sistemaSi;
1.e4 mf6 2.mc3 d5 3.e5, romelic Cemi ZiriTadi
jgufis erT-erTi debiutia. Tu 1.e4c52d4c3-is Semdeg
Savebi iTamaSeben 2...d5 an 2...mf6, maSin miviRebT alapinis
sistemas, romelic aseve Sedis Cems sadebiuto repertu-
arSi. am bolo or SemTxvevaSi gamoviyene debiutebis
`dagegmili~ cvla (meore debuleba). analogiuri mdgoma-
144
reobaa `Caketili~ sistemis kuTxiT Cems repertuarSi
SavebiT TamaSis SemTxvevaSic, magram amaze aRar SevCer-
debiT.
gadavideT meoTxe debulebis ganxilvaze. rogorc
aRvniSneT, moWadrakis Zalis ZiriTadi ganmsazRvreli mis
mier poziciis Sefasebis unaria. is saSualebas gvaZlevs
swored SevimuSavoT momavali TamaSis gegma, romelic
Tavis mxriv migviTiTebs rogor SevarCioT “svla-kandi-
datebi”. TiTqmis Tanabari Zalis mowinaaRmdegebis TamaSis
dros TiTqmis yvela partiaSi orjer mainc dgeba
kritikuli momenti, romelSic unda gakeTdes dasaxuli
gegmis realizaciis swori pirveli svla. Cven gvain-
teresebs pirveli kritikuli momenti, romelic Seesa-
bameba partiis debiutidan, roca yvela figura ganviTa-
rebulia, micelSpilSi gadasvlis moments. rogorc viciT,
SeiZleba gvqondes ukeTesi, Tanabari, uaresi an gaurkve-
veli pozicia. Cven SevCerdebiT mxolod erT SemTxvevaze,
rodesac Cven gvaqvs ukeTesi pozicia. pirveli msoflio
Cempioni v. steinici ambobs: “visac upiratesoba aqvs, val-
debulia daiwyos ieriSi upiratesobis dakargvis muqaris
gamo”. Cven vagrZelbT am azrs: `gaCerdi, ar gaakeTo svla,
moZebne kombinacia~!
ai swored am momentis gamo saWiroa moWadrake flob-
des kombinaciuri TamaSis arsenals rac SeiZleba srulad.
moviyvanT ramdenime magaliTis sakuTari Semoqmede-
bidan.
merab TxeliZe _ zurab gvaTua. Tbilisi, 1979.
TeTrebi: mfe1, lb3, ea1, eh1, mc3, mf3, kc1, kf1; p.p.:
a2, b2, d4, f2, g2, h2(14)
145
Savebi: mfe8, ld8, ea8, eh8, mb4, mc6, kc8, kf8; p.p.:
a7, b7, e7, f7, g7, h7(14)
9. d4-d5 kc8-f5
10. d5:c6 mb4-c2+
11. lb3:c2 kf5:c2
12. kf1-b5 Savebi danebdnen
merab TxeliZe _ badri darasania. Tbilisi, 1995.
TeTrebi: mfe1, ld1, ea1, eh1, kc1, kd3, mb1, mg5; p.p.:
c2, d4, e5, f2, g2, h4(14)
Savebi: mfe8, ld8, ea8, eh8, kc8, kf8, mc4, mg8; p.p.: a3,
a7, b7, d5, e6, f7, g6, h7(16)
10. h4-h5 kf8-g7 11.mb1:a3 mc4:a3 12.ea1:a3 kc8-d7

13. h5:g6 h7:g6 14.eh1:h8 kg7:h8 15.mg5:f7 mfe8:f7
19. kd3:g6 + mff7:g6 17.ea3-g3 + mfg6-f7 18.ld1-
h5+mff7-e7 19.kc1-a3 #
TxeliZe (saqarTvelo) _ mata (inglisi). msoflio
meore Cempionati moyvarul moWadrakeTa Soris. didi
britaneTi, hastingsi, 1996w.
TeTrebi: mfg1, lh5, ec1, ed1, kb3, md5, mh4; p.p.: a2,
b2, e4, f2, g2, h2(13)
Savebi: mfh8, lb8, ea8, eg8, kd8, kd7, md4; p.p.: a6, b5,
d6, e5, f6, f7, h7(14)
20. ed4 ed 21.lf7 eg7(21... ke8 26.le6mf6+_;
21...ea7
22. mf4+_) 22.lf8 eg8 23.mg6 Savebi danebdnen.
Cems mier SemuSavebuli debiutis meTodika miznad
isaxavs moWdrakem miiRos misi sasurveli pozicia debi-
utidan gamosvlis Semdeg, Tundac Tanabari, da gamoamJRa-
vnos sakuTari niWi, fantazia da codna da vinc am
SemTxvevaSic Zlieria, dae man gaimarjvos!
146
$25 ratom unda iswavlebodes Wadraki skolaSi
saTauridan gamomdinare Cven ganvixilavT im sakiT-

xebs, romlebic jamSi mogvcemen pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze
da imazec Tu ratom sportis yvela saxeobidan maincda-
mainc Wadraki unda iswavlebodes skolaSi rogorc erT-
erTi savaldebulo sagani.
gamoCenili germaneli mwerlis Stefan cvaigis
Semdegi sityvebma: `Wadraki, romelmac droiT gamocdas
gauZlo, ukeTesia vidre adamianis yvela wigni da qmni-
leba. igi erTaderTi TamaSia, romelic yvela xalxis da
yvela epoqis kuTvnilebaa~. Cemze am sityvebma udidesi
STabeWdileba moaxdina, magram es iyos Cemi subieqturi
azri da mivyveT faqtebs:
a) 1988 wels saberZneTis qalaq salonikSi Catarebul
fide-s morig saerTaSoriso kongresze miRebul iqna
Semdegi gadawyvetileba:
`vaRiarebT ra Wadrakis aRmzrdelobiT did SesaZle-
blobebs, romelic Tavis TavSi Seicavs mecnierebis, xelo-
vnebis da sportis elementebs, mis keTilSobilur gav-
lenas adamianis pirovnebis harmoniul ganviTarebaze, Seiq-
mnas fide-s saerTaSoriso komisia `Wadraki-yvelas~, gae-
wios rekomendacia fide-Si Semavali yvela qveynis Wadra-
kis federaciebs, awarmoon aqtiuri propaganda, saorga-
nizacio da meToduri muSaoba yvela asakis dasainterse-
blad WadrakiT, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcion axal-
gazrdobis saWadrako sayovelTao swavlebas~.
b) am gadawyvetilebas ase gamoexmaura WadrakSi msof-
lio mecamete Cempioni gari kasparovi: `Wadraki auci-
leblad unda iswavlebodes skolebSi zogadi ganaTlebisa-
Tvis, inteleqtisa da mtkice xasiaTis Camosayalibeblad~.
g) aviRoT amonaridi 2009 wlis 8 maisis gazeT
`lelo~- dan saqarTvelos Wadrakis federaciis prezi-
147
dentis giorgi giorgaZis interviudan, romelic man misca
Jurnalist zviad SaTiriSvils: `migvaCnia, rom skolaSi
Wadraki aucileblad unda iswavlebodes da erT-erT prio-
ritetul sagnad iTvlebodes. am meTods ukve mimarTes
Turqebma, rac maT did momavals uqadis, imave gzas kidev
ramdenime qveyana adgas~.
samecniero-teqnikuri progresis ganviTarebis tempe-
bma, samecniero informaciis zrdam, urTulesi kompiute-
ruli kompleqsebis Seqmnam da kidev bevrma siaxlem uSu-
alod imoqmeda skolaze. mTeli msoflios progresuli
nawili, pedagogebi, meTodistebi, mecnierebi mixvdnen, rom
skola veRar aZlevs moswavleebs yvela SemTxvevisaTvis
saWiro codnas. cxadia, aucilebelia saskolo ganaTlebis
sistemis Zireuli gardaqmna. movusminoT WadrakSi msof-
lio meore Cempions, maTematikis profesors emanuil
laskers: `swavleba unda iyos damoukidebeli azrovnebis
unaris ganivTareba~. Cven gvinda winsvla, msoflioSi erT-
erTi wamyvani rolis dakaveba swavla-aRzrda-ganaTlebis
sferoSic. Cvenma mTavrobam amis misaRwevad centraluri
adgili miakuTvna saskolo ganaTlebis sistemaSi moswav-
leebSi SemoqmedebiTi pirovnebis Tvisebebis Camoyalibebas,
rom maT SeZlon momaval cxovrebaSi aqtiuri monawileoba
miiRon Cveni samSoblos ukeTsi momavlis SenebaSi.
pedagogiur literaturaSi aRwerilia moswavleTa
SemoqmedebiTi Tvisebebis formirebis mravali gansxvavebu-
li meTodi mecadineobebis procesSi da mecadineobebis Sem-
deg. modiT davekiTxoT Cvens Tavs: riTi jobia aRniS-
nulis misaRwevad Wadraki magaliTad maTematikas, fizikas,
an saskolo sxva sagans?
pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa verkveodeT bavSvis fsiqo-
logiaSi, vicodeT misi qcevis formebi. kerZod, skolis-
winare asakis da dawyebiTi skolis asakis axalgazrdebis
148
qcevis formebi, maTi qcevis is forma, romelsac dominan-
turi roli ukavia yvela danarCen formebs Soris. amis
gasarkvevad, mivmarToT msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze avto-
ritetul mecniers, Cvens sasiqadulo akademikoss dimitri
uznazes. batoni dimitris Tanaxmad, skoliswinare asakis
da dawyebiTi skolis asakis (1-6 klasi) bavSvis qcevis
ZiriTadi forma, romelic mTels am asakobriv safexurze
batonobs, aris swavlis wyurvili. cxadia, am asakSi mis
cxovrebaSi didi adgili ukavia agreTve TamaSs, garTobas,
sports.
swavla gansxvavdeba Sromisagan da uaxlovdeba TamaSs.
magram arc swavla da TamaSi aris erTi da igive. swavla
yovelTvis gulisxmobs raRacas, romelic moswavles gare-
dan eZleva maswavleblis mier da moswavle iZulebulia
swavlisaTvis Zalebi daxarjos.
TamaSis SemTxvevaSi moswavle TviTon irCevs an qmnis
TamaSs da sakuTari surviliT xarjavs Zalebs. swored es
aris principuli gansxvaveba qcevis am or formas Soris.
Wadrakis gakveTili skolaSi Semodis rogorc TamaSi
da swored TamaS-TamaS xdeba bavSvebSi im Tvisebebis for-
mireba, romelic ayalibebs maT rogorc pirovnebas, rog-
orc SemoqmedebiT pirovnebas.
dRevandel pirobebSi, rodesac msoflios mraval
wertilSi daZabulobis kerebia, ganxeTqilebaa xalxebsa
da saxelmwifoebs Soris, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi
ndobisa da keTilmosurneobis deficitia, xalxebis daax-
loebis da urTierTobis nebismier SesaZleblobas xeli
unda SevuwyoT, stimuli mivceT. swored Wadraki imsaxu-
rebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas da xelSewyobas da ai
ratom. Wadraki xelmisawvdomia yvela asakis adamianisa-
Tvis, misi erovnebis, rjulis, materialuri mdgomareobis,
politikuri Sexedulebis da a.S. miuxedavad. erTiani
149
saWadrako simbolika winapirobas iZleva am sferoSi
saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobisaTvis, urTierTdaxmarebisa-
Tvis. Wadraki Tavisi arsiT namdvili mSvidobis despania.
SegaxsenebT fide-s devizs; `Cven yvela erTi ojaxi
varT~. gavixsenoT isic, rom fide-Si gawevrianebulia
milionobiT moWadrake sxvadasxva qveynidan. sxvaTa Soris
mec var fide-s wevri. Cemi saregistracio nomeria:
13601555.
Wadraki gonebrivi, SemoqmedebiTi TamaSia. igi itacebs
adamianis gonebas, rom¬li-sTvisac Semoqmedeba bunebrivi
miswrafebaa. WadrakSi miniaturuli saxiT asaxulia brZo-
liT aRsavse Cveni cxovreba. TvalnaTliv Cans adamianis
gonebis Zala, fantazia, xasiaTi, Sromisunarianoba, gemov-
neba. amave dros Wadraki gvaswavlis fiqrs, dakvirvebas,
logikur, Tanamimdevrul azrovnebas, sxvisi azris pati-
viscemas, metoqis Canafiqris angariSgawevas. svlis rigi-
Toba mogviwodebs moTminebisaken.
dabolos, minda Sevexo CemTvis yvelaze saintereso
sakiTxs – ratom aris Wadraki xelovnebis erT-erTi dar-
gi. ufro metic, Wadraki ara marto xelovnebis erT-erTi
dargia, aramed is xelovnebis yvela dargebidan gamor-
Ceuli, araCveulebrivi dargia da me amas davamtkiceb.
WadrakSi xelovneba mJRavndeba ara marto dasrulebul
saWadrako nawarmoebebSi, rogoricaa partiebi, amocanebi,
etiudebi da ase Semdeg, analogurad xelovnebis sxva
dargebisa, rogorcaa literatura, ferwera, musika da
sxva. WadrakSi xelovneba dinamikaSic mJRavndeba anu par-
tiis TamaSis dros, etiudis Sedgenis dros, isini iqmneba
mayurebelTa Tvalwin, maTi TanamonawileobiT da
saWadrako nawarmoebis Semqmnelebs TviTonac ara aqvT
garantia, rom miaRweven winaswar cnobil Sedegs. es
yvelaferi gansxva¬vebulia magaliTad musikaluri nawar-
150
moebis Sesrulebisagan, romelic sruldeba winaswar dawe-
rili partituris an notebis mixedviT, baletisgan, cek-
visgan, ope¬risgan da a.S. romlebic sruldeba winaswar
Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT. aris kvlav saWiro ramis
mtkiceba, Tu sakmarisia es argumentebi?
ar SemiZlia ar moviyvano WadrakSi msoflio meeqvse
Cempionis mixeil botvinikis Semdegi sityvebi: `violinos
Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom misi daxmarebiT
SeiZleba SevqmnaT da gadmovceT musikaluari nawarmoebebi,
romlebic Semfaseblebs aniWeben mxatvrul siamovnebas.
Wadrakis Rirebuleba ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom misi dax-
marebiT SeiZleba SevqmnaT logikuir nawarmoebebi, rom-
lebic aseve aniWeben Semfaseblebs mxatvruli siamovnebas~.
Wadrakis SemTxvevaSi, Semfasebels mowons adamianis
azrovnebis logikuri mxare, gamoxatuli saWadrako speci-
fikur-mxatvrul saxeebSi. adamianis azronveba ki udavod
sinamdviles, realobas warmoadgens. me minda es paragrafi
davamTavro yvela drois uZlieresi moWadrakis, msoflio
meoTxe Cempionis aleqsandre alioxinis sityvebiT, romel-
mac cxovrebaSi uamravi gaWirveba, ubedureba, imedgacrueba
da vin icis kidev ra ar gadaitana, magram erTi yvelaze
didi natvra mainc Seusrulda – is erTaderTi msoflio
Cempionia, vinc msoflio Cempionad mokvda: `CemTvis Wad-
raki xelovnebaa da ara TamaSi. diax, me Wadraki xelov-
nebad mimaCnia da sakuTar Tavze viReb yvela im mova-
leobas, rasac igi Tavis momxreebs akisrebs~.
151
$26. mibaZeT giorgi sibaSvils
მე ყველას გისურვებთ დამწყების
დონეზე მაინც ითამაშოთ ჭადრაკი.
მაგალითისთვის მინდა მოვიყვანო
საქართველოს ფიზიკური აღზრდისა
და სპორტის სახელმწიფო სასწავლო
უნივერსიტეტის მესამე კურსის სტუ-
დენტის და ჩემი უმცროსი მეგობრის,
ოცი წლის გიორგი სიბაშვილის,
მაგალითი, რომელმაც უკვე შეას-
რულა საერთაშორისო დიდოსტატის
ნორმატივი და უფრო დიდი წარმატებები წინ აქვს.
განიხილოთ მისი რამდენიმე პარტია.
1). სიბაშვილი გიორგი ს/ო - ახვლედიანი ირაკლი ო/კ

ნონა გაფრინდაშვილის თასი , თბილისი, 08.07.2017
A43
1.d4 g6 2.c4 კg7 3.მf3 c5 4.d5 d6 5.e4 e6 6.მc3 მe7 (გათამაშდა სქემა,
რომელიც წააგავს ძველინდურის ტიპის პოზიციებს)
7.h3 0–0 8.კd3 h6 9.0–0 e5 10.მh2! (საუკეთესო რეაქციაა, სამომავლოდ
ამზადებს ძლიერ შეტევას მეფის ფლანგზე)
10...f5 11.exf5 gxf5 12.ლh5 ეf6
152
13.მg4!! (შავების ფიგურები ჯერ კიდევ განუვითარებელია,
ამიტომ მხედრის შეწირვა ინიციატივისთვის)
13...fxg4 (13...ეg6? 14.მxh6++–)
14.hxg4 ლf8!
(14...მd7?! 15.g5 hxg5 16.კxg5+–; 14...ეf4 15.კxf4 exf4)
15.g5 ლf7
16.ლh2!! hxg5 17.ლh7+ მფf8 [17...მფh8?? 18.კg6++–]
153
18.კxg5 ეg6 [18...კf5! 19.კxf6 კxf6 20.კxf5 მxf5 21.მe4 მd7
22.f4+– ეe8 23.მxf6 მxf6 24.fxe5 ეxe5 25.ლxe5 dxe5
26.ეxf5]
19.f4 კf5 20.კxg6 მxg6 21.g4! კd3 22.fxe5 კxf1 23.ეxf1 მxe5
24.ეxf7+ 1–0
2). სიბაშვილი გიორგი ს/ო - ცომაია ნიკოლოზი ს/ო
საქართველოს ჩემპიონატი 20 წლამდე ასაკში,
თბილისი, 16.04.2016
ბუდაპეშტური გამბიტი A52
1.d4 მf6 2.c4 e5
3.dxe5 მg4 4.კf4 g5 (4...მc6 5.მf3 კb4+ 6.მc3 ლe7 7.ლd5
კxc3+ 8.bxc3 f6 9.exf6 მxf6 10.ლd3 0–0 11.g3)
5.კg3 ¤c6 6.¤f3 კg7 7.h4! მgxe5 8.hxg5 მxc4 [8...მxf3+?! 9.gxf3
კxb2 (9...ლxg5 10.მc3±) 10.მd2 კxa1 11.ლxa1+–)
9.მc3! მxb2 10.ლc2 მa4
11.მd5!! d6 (11...კxa1? 12.კxc7+–)

12.ეxh7!! (12.ეb1 მb6 13.ეxh7 ეxh7 14.ლxh7 მფf8 15.მf4;
12.g6 მb6)
154
12...კxa1 (12...ეxh7 13.ლxh7 კxa1 14.g6 კe6 15.კh4 ლc8
16.g3!! სამწუხაროა, რომ ეს ყველაფერი კულისებს მიღმა
დარჩა, 16.მg5+– კxd5 17.gxf7+ მფe7 18.მh3+ კf6 19.მf4 კxf7
20.მd5+ მფf8 21.მxf6) 16...მფd7 (16...კxd5 17.ლg8+ მფd7
18.კh3+ კe6 19.ლxf7+ მe7 20.კxe6+) 17.gxf7 ლf8 18.მg5
ლg7 19.ლxg7 კxg7 20.მxe6 მფxe6 21.მxc7+ მფxf7 22.მxa8+–
]
13.g6 კe6 14.კh4 ლc8 15.gxf7+ კxf7 16.ლe4+ 1–0
3). სიბაშვილი გიორგი ს/ო - შანავა კონსტანტინე ს/დ

ბათუმის მუნიციპალიტეტის თასი, ბათუმი, 08.07.2017
A89
1.d4 d6 2.მf3 g6 3.c4 f5 4.მc3 მf6 5.g3 კg7 (გათამაშდა
ძველინდურის სტილის დებიუტი) 6.კg2 0–0 7.0–0 მc6 8.d5
მe5 9.მxe5 dxe5 10.b3 e4 11.კb2 მg4 12.ლc2 a6 13.ეad1
ლe8 14.h3 მe5 15.f3! g5 16.f4 gxf4 17.gxf4 მg6 18.e3 მh4
19.მფh2! ლh5 20.კh1 ეf6 21.ეg1 ეg6
22.d6!! (პოზიცია მთლიანად იხსნება ერთი პაიკის ხარჯზე და

რამდენიმე ფიგურა ერთდროულად ერთვება თამაშში) 22...cxd6
155
23.მd5 e5 24.მe7+ მფf7 25.მxg6 მxg6 26.ეxd6 კf8 27.ლd2 კxd6
28.ლxd6 კe6 29.ლc7+ მფg8 30.კxe5 კf7 31.კd4 ეe8 32.ეg5 ლh6
33.ლxb7 კe6 34.ეh5!
1–0
4).სიბაშვილი გიორგი ს/ო - ს/დ შამსი მოჰამმადი
მეორე ფაიახთ ტურნირი, ირანი, თეირანი 08.07.2017
გრიუნფელდის დაცვა A16
1.მf3 მf6 2.c4 g6 3.მc3 d5 4.cxd5 მxd5 5.e4 ( გადავედით
ინგლისურ დასაწყისში)
5...მxc3 6.dxc3 ლxd1+ 7.მფxd1 (თეთრებს მცირე უპირატესობა
აქვთ, უფრო აქტიური ფიგურებისა და უკეთესი პაიკთა
სტრუქტურის ხარჯზე)
7...f6 (7...კg7?! 8.მფc2 0–0 9.კg5! e5 10.კc4±)
8.მფc2 e5 (შავების იდეაა შავუჯროვანი კუს აქტიურ "c5"
უჯრაზე გადასვლა და ცენტრალური უჯრების ოკუპირება)
9.კc4 კc5? ("h6" და "g7" უჯრები დასუსტდა)
10.b4! კb6
[10...კxf2?? 11.ეf1 კb6 12.მxe5!! fxe5 13.კf7+ მფf8 (13...მფd7

14.კg5! c5 15.კf6 ეf8 16.ეad1+ მფc6 17.კd5+ მფd7 (17...მფc7
156
18.კxe5++–; 17...მფb5 18.a4+ მფxa4 19.კc4 cxb4 20.ეa1#)
18.კxb7++–) 14.კh6+ მფe7 15.კg5+ მფf8 16.კe6+ მფe8 17.კxc8+–]
11.ეd1! [უწყინარი სვლაა, რომელიც "კh6"–ს იმუქრება]
11...a5
12.კh6 მფe7 13.მxe5! axb4 (13...fxe5? 14.კg5+ მფf8 15.ეd8+

მფg7 16.ეxh8+–)
14.cxb4 კxf2 15.ეd2! კb6 (15...fxe5 16.კg5+ მფf8 17.ეd8+ მფg7
18.ეxh8+–; 15...კh4 16.მf3+–)
16.კg7 კe6 17.კxh8 fxe5 18.კxe6 მფxe6X
157
19.¦d8 კd4 20.ეf1 ეxa2+ 21.მფb3 ეb2+ 22.მფa3 მd7 23.ეf7!! მფxf7
(23...მb6 24.ეf6+ მფe7 25.ეxd4 exd4 26.მფxb2+–)
24.ეxd7+ მფe6 (24...მფg8 25.ეd8+ მფf7 26.ეxd4+–)
25.ეxd4 ეxg2 26.ეd5 ეg5 27.მფb3 c6 28.ეd8 ეh5 29.ეe8+ მფd6
30.კf6 ეh3+ 31.მფa4 მფd7 32.ეxe5 ეxh2 33.ეe7+ მფc8 34.e5 ეh3
35.e6 ეe3 36.კd4 1–0
5). მატინიან ნიკიტა ს/დ - სიბაშვილი გიორგი ს/ო

საერთაშირისო ტურნირი "აჰვაზი", ირანი, აჰვაზი, 18.02.2018
ფრანგული დაცვა C18
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.მc3 კb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 კxc3+ 6.bxc3 მe7 7.ლg4
ლc7 8.ლxg7 ეg8 9.ლxh7 cxd4 10.მe2 მbc6 11.f4 dxc3 12.ლd3 d4
(მთავარი გაგრძელებაა, სადაც შავებს უპირატესობა აქვთ)
13.მxd4 მxd4 14.ლxd4 მf5 15.ლf2
158
15...ლc6!
16.ეg1 კd7 17.g4 ლe4+ 18.ლe2 ლd4 19.ეg2
19...კc6!! 20.gxf5 კxg2 21.კxg2 ეxg2! 22.ლxg2 0–0–0 23.ლg4 exf5

24.ლxf5+ მფb8 25.ლg4 f5! 26.exf6 ეe8+ 27.მფf1 ლc4+ 28.მფf2
ლd4+ 29.მფg2 ლd5+ 30.მფg3 ეg8 31.ლg5! ლe6! 32.მფf2 ეxg5
33.fxg5 ლe4 34.კe3 მფc7 35.ეf1 მფd7 36.f7 მფe7 37.g6 ლxc2+
38.მფe1 (38.მფg3 ლxg6+ 39.მფh4 ლh7+ 40.მფg4 ლe4+)
38...ლb1+ 39.მფe2 ლc2+ 40.მფe1 ლb1+ ½
159
boloTqmis nacvlad
,,Wadraki gonebis sasinji qvaa~.

iohan volfgan goeTe
lazieris gambiti
Wadrakis dafad qceul miwaze
ara aqvs didi sicocxle paiks,
ara aqvs didi sicocxle paiks,
magram paiki ocnebobs mainc.
damuxtulia keTili sibrZniT,
emorCileba dedoflis kdemas,
yvela paiki mefisTvis ibrZvis,
yvela paiki mefisTvis kvdeba.
magram, o, magram adre Tu gvian
mefes da paiks erT yuTSi hyrian.
erT mcire yuTSi erTad Tavsdeba
azri, ocneba, simarTle, Wori...
aris uTuod raRac msgavseba
am Wadraksa da im Wadraks Soris,
Cven rom vTamaSobT yovelTvis,
yvelgan.
guldajerebiT da gamZafrebiT,
dafaze rCeba patara sevda,
paikis sevda, sxva araferi.
moris focxiSvili.
160
sarCevi
winTqmis nacvlad ........................................................................................................... 3

Sesavali . ............................................................................................................................... 4
1. Wadrakis warmoSoba. Wadrakis Rirsebebi. ratom unda
iswavlos yvela mozardma Wadrakis TamaSi ............................................ 6
2. Wadrakis dafa da figurebi. horizontali, vertikali,
diagonali. saWadrako notacia ............................................................................ 10
3. figurebis Zala da SedarebiTi Rirebuleba ......................................... 17
4. Wadrakis TamaSis mizani. qiSi, SamaTi, yaimi, pati ........................... 19
5. mefe. misi moZraobis wesebi ................................................................................... 22
6. etli. misi moZraobis wesebi ................................................................................... 25
7. ku. misi moZraobis wesebi ........................................................................................... 26
8. lazieri. misi moZraobis wesebi ........................................................................... 29
9. mxedari. misi moZraobis wesebi .............................................................................. 31
10. paiki. misi moZraobis wesebi .................................................................................... 33
11. roqi. mokle roqi. grZeli roqi .......................................................................... 36
gavlili masalis Semowmeba. testi #1 ...................................................... 41
Wadraki damwyebTaTvis. testi #1. varianti #1 ................................ 48
Wadraki damwyebTaTvis. testi #1. varianti #2 ................................ 52
12. aucilebeli wesebi Wadrakis TamaSis dros ........................................... 55
13. saWadrako marTlwera .................................................................................................... 57
14. saSamaTo poziciebi ori etliT, lazieriT da etliT ............... 60
15. lazieriT SamaTi. etliT SamaTi ......................................................................... 66
16. muqara. dacva. dabma ........................................................................................................... 69
17. saWadrako partiis sami nawili: debiuti,
mitelSpili, endSpili ...................................................................................................... 71
gavlili masalis Semowmeba. testi #2 ........................................................ 78
Wadraki damwyebTaTvis. testi #2. varianti #1 .................................... 84
Wadraki damwyebTaTvis. testi #2. varianti #2 ................................... 88
18. tipobrivi Secdomebi debiutSi. debiutebis klasifikacia .......... 92
19. samoswavlo partiebi. ,,sabavSvo SamaTebi~ ................................................... 111
20. kombinacia da forsirebuli varianti ............................................................. 114
21. martivi endSpilebi. endSpilis ZiriTadi principebi ...................... 122
22. saWadrako SejibrebebSi monawileoba. samagaliTo literaturis
nusxa ................................................................................................................................................ 132
23. samagaliTo Temebi referatebisaTvis ........................................................ 137
24.sadebiuto repertuaris damuSavebis meTodika ......................................... 138
25. ratom unda iswavlebodes Wadraki skolaSi.............................................. 147
26. mibaZeT giorgi sabaSvils........................................................................... 153
boloTqmis nacvlad ............................................................................................................ 161
161

Wadrakis warmoSoba da figurebi

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Wadrakis warmoSoba da figurebi

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merab TxeliZe

redaqtori: Tamar xmiadaSvili, saerTaSoriso

mxatvroba da kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa:

saqarTvelos ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis

,,aravis ar sZinavs ise abneulad, rogorc

Wadrakisadmi ar gamiqra Zveli trfiali.

bavSvobidanve mitacebda me es TamaSi,

m. TxeliZe 2002 weli.

Wadrakis samyaro jadosnuria. masSi miniatu-

,,Wadraki, romelmac drois gamocdas

mkvlevarebis azriT Wadraki gamoigones meeqv-

1. ra iciT Wadrakis gamogonebis Sesaxeb?

,,Wadraki suliT Zlieri adamianebisTvisaa.

Wadraks ori adamiani (mxare) TamaSobs. svle-

Wadrakis dafa maSin dgas sworad, rodesac

Wadrakis TamaSs iwyebs TeTri figurebis

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

1. rodis devs Wadrakis dafa sworad?

1. samuSao rveulSi daxazeT saWadrako dafa,

,,Wadrakis TamaSis swavleba unda iyos

Wadrakis figurebs gansxvavebuli SesaZleb-

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

1) ra gansazRvravs figuris Zalas?

,,wagebas CemTvis meti uswavlebia,

sawyisi poziciidan Wadrakis TamaSs iwyeben

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

1. ra gansazRvravs figuris Zalas?

,,Wadrakis saSualebiT me gamovawTe Cemi

mefe saWadrako brZolis mTavari moqmedi

1. romel figurebSi SeiZleba mefis gacvla?

amocana 1. SeadareT TeTrebis da Savebis

moZebneT mefis umoklesi gza H7

paikamde da im ujrebze dasviT niSani.

,,Wadrakis saxelmZRvanelobis kiTxva

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

,,rom gaabaTelo mowinaaRmdegis mier

ku moZraobs mxolod diagonalze erT an ram-

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

dasviT O niSani im ujraze (an ujrebze),

dasviT O niSani im ujraze (an ujrebze), sai-

$ 8. lazieri. misi moZraobis wesebi.

lazieri yvelaze Zlieri figuraa. is erT-

$ 9. mxedari. misi moZraobis

mxedari gansakuTrebli figuraa. mxolod mas

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

ramdeni svla sWirdeba a1 მხედარს b1 მხედრის

,,WadrakiformiT TamaSia, SinaarsiT -

paiki yvelaze susti, magram uSiSari mebrZo-

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi:

$11. roqi. mokle roqi, grZeli

,,CemTvis Wadraki upirveles yovlisa samarTliani

roqi erTaderTi svlaa, romlis drosac erT-

Zalian cudi svla ?? saeWvo svla ?!

2. mocemulia pozicia T.: mf e1, e a1, eh1; p. p.:

aq moyvanili kiTxvebiT Sedgenilia pirveli

38) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze kus e4 ujri-

40) qvemoT mocemul diagramaze daasaxeleT is

SemoxazeT swori pasuxebi.

SemovxazeT swori pasuxebi.

,,Sejibreba bavSvebs aswavlis ara marto

Wadrakis TamaSisas partniorebma garkveuli wese-

SeamowmeT Tqveni Tavi.

,,yovelTvis maocebs saWadrako