DC System Analysis

Four study modules are available in the DC Systems Analysis:

• Battery Sizing
• DC Load Flow
• DC Short Circuit (ANSI)
• DC Short Circuit (IEC)

These are the available DC components to build your DC system:

• DC bus
• DC load
• DC motor
• DC cable
• Train load
• Battery
• Rectifier
• DC generator (for load flow and ANSI short circuit only)
• Inverter
• DC-DC converter
• DC capacitor (for IEC short circuit only)
You can also connect an inverter to the AC emergency loads as your DC system’s load.

Using a DC example project, this section demonstrates how to set the data for your DC
components and how to run these four DC analysis tools for your DC system.

Begin by building the one-line shown in Fig.1. This DC system includes DC loads, DC
motor, DC cables, train load, battery, rectifier and DC generator. It also includes an
inverter and 2 AC loads as emergency loads.

After building this one-line diagram, we will enter data for the components, then we will
demonstrate how to run the studies.
Fig. 1 DC system one-line diagram

11.1 Battery sizing

The Battery sizing criteria of the DC System Analysis study module is based on the
ANSI/IEEE Std 485 “IEEE Recommended Practice for Battery Sizing”, published in
1983. Before you run the Battery Sizing Study, you need to enter data for following DC
components:
• DC bus
• DC loads
• DC cables
• Train load
• DC motor
• Inverter (and its AC loads if you have them)
• Battery
DC Buses
Double-click each DC bus icon, and in the Component Editor, set the “Nominal System
Voltage” to 250 volts, as shown in Fig. 2:

Fig. 2. Window for setting DC bus data

DC Loads
For DCLD-0002, as shown in Fig. 3, set the Rated Voltage to 250 volts; set Load Type as
Constant Impedance; set the Load Size to 2.34 ohms; and set the duration time as 480
mins (0~480 mins).

For DCLD-0005, as shown in Fig. 4, set the Rated Voltage to 250 volts; set Load Type as
Constant KW; and set the Load Size as following:
• From 0 to 50 Mins: 10 KW
• From 50 to 90 Mins: 11 KW
• From 90 to 110 Mins: 20 KW
• After 110 Mins: 0 KW
Fig. 3 Window for setting DC load data

Fig. 4 Window for setting DC load data

DC Cables

For DCBL-0007, set the values as shown in Fig. 5:

Fig. 5. Window for setting DC cable data

Set the values for the other cables as following:

Cable Name Rated Voltage Cable length R/1000ft L/1000ft

DCBL-0001 250 2000 0.012 0.5
DCBL-0002 250 1000 0.011 0.6
DCBL-0003 250 1000 0.0234 0.5
DCBL-0004 250 1000 0.032 0.5
DCBL-0005 250 1000 0.0123 0.5
DCBL-0006 250 1000 0.02 0.7
DCBL-0008 250 1000 0.012 0.6
Train load
For TRN-0001, set the values as shown in Fig. 6. Note that total resistance & total
inductance for the DC cable are the R & L used to supply the power to train, and R (%) is
the current position of the train.

Fig. 6. Window for setting train load data

DC Motor
For DMTR-0001, set the values as shown in Fig. 7. You do not have to link to the DC
Motor Library here for Battery Sizing Study (it will be used for ANSI). Also you do not
have to set the data for ANSI and IEC subviews.

Fig.7. Window for setting DC motor battery sizing data

Inverter and AC emergency loads
For INV-0001, set the values as shown in Fig. 8.

Fig.8. Window for setting inverter data

For AC network emergency loads, use the following settings: Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 for AC
buses, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 for AC loads, and Fig. 13 for an AC cable.
Fig.9. Window for setting AC bus data

Fig.10. Window for setting AC bus data

Fig.11. Window for setting AC load data

Fig.12. Window for setting AC load data

Fig.13. Window for setting AC cable data
Next, we will set the “start time” and “stop time” for your AC emergency loads.
In your DC system analysis window, click the right mouse-button, and in the popup
menu, click “AC Emergency Loads”, then click the “Add” button to set these data in the
dialog box, as shown in Fig. 14 and Fig. 15:

Fig.14. Window for setting AC emergency load data

Fig.15. Window for setting AC emergency load data

Battery
For BAT-0001, enter the data shown in Fig. 16 and Fig. 17. The field “Bus Type” is used
only for DC Load Flow study. The Bus Type option “V Bus” means the battery terminal
voltage will be kept constant during the current calculation period, and “P bus” means the
battery output power will be kept constant during the current calculation period. The field
“Num of Positive plate” gets set to the Battery Sizing Study result by the study.

Fig. 16. Window for setting battery data

Fig. 17 Window for setting battery data

Select a library component for your battery by clicking the “Lib” button, which opens the
Library as shown in Fig.18.

Fig. 18 Battery Library

If your battery is not defined in the library, you have to enter one, as shown in Fig. 19 and
Fig. 20:
Fig. 19 Battery Library

Fig. 20 Battery library- Discharge Curve

Run Battery sizing
Click the DC button on toolbar; the DC system analysis window will appear, as shown in
Fig. 21:

Fig. 21. DC System Analysis toolbar

You can also click the Run>DC System Analysis command to run the Study, as shown in
Fig. 22:

Fig. 22. Another method to Run DC system analysis

By clicking the “Setup” button, you can define the random loads for the Battery Sizing
Study, as shown in Fig.23:

Fig. 23 DC System Analysis setup window

Click Run, and the Battery Sizing study will run for your DC system, as shown in Fig.
24:

Fig. 24 Running Battery Sizing

You can click the “Report” button to check the Battery Sizing Study report; it is in the
IEEE’s recommended standard format for battery sizing,as shown in Fig. 25:

Fig. 25 Battery Sizing Report

You can also check your Battery Sizing Study results by clicking the Report button on
the toolbar, then selecting the report for your study case, as shown in Fig. 26 (this is
Study1):

Fig. 26 Battery Sizing Report

Fig. 27 to Fig. 32 will show the report file; it is in the IEEE standard format, ready for
printing.

Fig. 27 Battery Sizing Report

Fig. 28 Battery Sizing Report

Fig. 29 Battery Sizing Report
Fig. 30 Battery Sizing Report
Fig. 31 Battery Sizing Report

Fig. 32 Battery Sizing Report

DC Load Flow
The DC Load Flow engine is based on the chapter 16, “DC Auxiliary Power System
Analysis” in ANSI/IEEE Std 399-1997. Unlike the AC Load Flow Study, DC Load Flow
Study calculates the load flow during several time periods; it does this because battery
voltage decreases during its service period.

In addition to entering data for the Battery Sizing Study, you will enter data for the
following DC components (if they exist in your DC system) to run the DC Load Flow:
• Battery
• Rectifier
• DC generator

Battery
Double-click the Battery component, and in the Component Editor (Fig.33), check the
field “Number of Cells” to see if it has a result; this should have been set by the Battery
Sizing Study and should have a value. If you prefer to run DC Load Flow directly
without running the Battery Sizing Study, you need to enter a value here. You also need
to select the “Bus Type”: “V Bus” means the battery terminal voltage will be kept
constant during current calculation period, “P bus” means the battery output power will
be kept constant during current calculation period.

Fig.33 Battery window setting for DC load flow

 Rectifier
Double-click the rectifier icon, and in the Component Editor (Fig.34), and Load Flow
subview (Fig.35), set the data for AC side, DC side, and also the transformer (if the
rectifier has a transformer). If the rectifier does not have transformer there, just set the
“primary rated voltage” and “secondary rated voltage” using the same values you used
for the AC rated voltage, and set the “%Z” as 0.0.

Rectifier control mode can be set as “voltage control”, “current control” or “firing angle
control”. If you do not have transformer, usually it should be set to “voltage control”.

Fig.33 Rectifier parameter setting main window for DC load flow

Fig.35 Rectifier parameter setting load flow subview for DC load flow
Generator
Double-click the generator icon, and in Component Editor (Fig.36), set the “Rated
Voltage”, “Source type”, “Power/Voltage” and “Time Duration”. You do not have to
select the DC generator library here; it is only used for DC ANSI short circuit calculation.

Fig. 36 DC generator parameter setting for DC load flow

Run DC Load Flow

First, click the “Setup” button in the DC system analysis window and set the global
setting for DC Load Flow, as shown in Fig. 37.
Next, click the right mouse-button, click “Select Components” to select the buses and
branches you want to check the results, as shown in Fig.38 and Fig.39.
Then, select “Load flow” and click the “Run” button. DC Load Flow will run for your
DC system, as shown in Fig. 40.
Now click the “Graph” button. You can check the curves for bus voltage, branch current,
and power flow in the different periods, as shown in Fig.41. You can also check the
detailed report for Load Flow by clicking the “Report” button, or by clicking the Report
button on the toolbar, as shown in Fig.42.
Fig.37 Setup for DC Load Flow

Fig. 38 Menu for select components

Fig.39 Select buses and branches

Fig. 40 Run DC Load Flow

Fig.41Results for bus voltage and branch current & power flow

Fig.42 DC Load Flow results detailed report

ANSI Short Circuit
The DC ANSI short-circuit engine is based on Chapter 16 “DC Auxiliary Power System
Analysis” in ANSI/IEEE Std 399- 1997, and “GE Industrial Power Systems Data Book”.

In addition to the data setting for Battery Sizing Study, you still need to set the data for
the following DC components (if they exist in your DC system) to run the DC ANSI
short circuit:
• Battery
• Rectifier
• DC generator
• DC motor

Battery
Double-click the battery icon, and in the Component Editor (Fig.43), select the short
circuit subview, and select the “Battery Size Type” from its 4 possible options, then set
the data.

Fig.43 ANSI short circuit subview for battery

Rectifier
Double-click the rectifier icon, and in Component Editor (Fig. 44), select the short circuit
subview and select the “Rectifier Type” from its 4 possible options, then set the data for
this type of rectifier.

Fig. 44 Short Circuit (ANSI) subview for Rectifier

DC generator
Double-click the DC generator icon, and in Component Editor (Fig.45), select the short
circuit subview and set the data. If you have selected the model for the generator from
DC generator library, “Resistance” and “Inductance” will be updated from the values in
the library (shown in Fig. 46). The DC generator model can be defined in DC generator
library, shown in Fig. 47.

Fig. 45Short circuit subview for DC generator

Fig. 46 Short circuit sub view for DC generator when its model is selected from Library

Fig.47 DC generator model in Library

DC motor
Double-click the DC motor icon, and in Component Editor (Fig. 48), select the short
circuit subview and set the data. If you have selected the model for the motor from DC
motor library, “Resistance” and “Inductance” will be updated from the values in the
library (shown in Fig. 49). The DC motor model can be defined in DC motor library, as
shown in Fig. 50.

Fig. 48 Short circuit subview for DC motor

Fig. 49 Short circuit subview for DC motor when its model is selected from Library

Fig. 50 DC motor library

Run ANSI DC short circuit
First, you need to click “Setup” button in the DC system analysis window and set the
global setting for ANSI DC short circuit, as shown in Fig. 51.
Second, click the right mouse-button, then click “Select Components” to select the
sources and branches for which you want to check results, as shown in Fig. 52 and Fig.
53.
Then select the “Short Circuit (ANSI)” item and click the “Run” button. The DC short
circuit engine will run for your DC system, shown in Fig. 54.

Click the “Graph” button; you can check the curves for short circuit in sources and
branch, shown in Fig. 55 and Fig. 56. You can also check the detail report for short
circuit by clicking the “Report” button or by the Report icon in the toolbar, shown in Fig.
57.

Fig. 51 Global setting for ANSI DC short circuit

Fig. 52 Menu for select components for ANSI short circuit
Fig. 53 Window for selecting the components for curve output
Fig. 54 Run ANSI DC short circuit engine

Fig. 55 Short circuit curves 1

Fig. 56 Short circuit curves 2

Fig. 57 Detailed report for ANSI DC short circuit

IEC DC short circuit
The IEC DC short circuit engine is based on IEC standard 61660 “Short-circuit currents
in DC auxiliary installations in power plants and substations”.

In addition to the data settings for the Battery Sizing Study, you still need to set the data
for the following DC components (if they exist in your DC system) to run the IEC DC
short circuit (IEC standard does not consider the DC generator):
• Battery
• Rectifier
• DC motor
• DC capacitor

Before you set the data for these DC components, you need set the IEC option for your
DC system. Click the Project>Options command, select Application subview, and select
IEC as the standard, shown in Fig. 58.

Fig. 58 Window for setting the IEC as the project standard

Battery
Double-click the battery icon, and in Component Editor (Fig. 59), select the short circuit
(IEC) subview, and set the data.

Fig. 59 IEC DC short circuit subview for battery

Rectifier
Double-click the rectifier icon, and in Component Editor, select the short circuit (IEC)
AC subview (Fig. 60) and DC subview (Fig.61), and set the data.

Fig. 60 IEC DC short circuit AC side subview for rectifier

Fig. 61 IEC DC short circuit DC side subview for rectifier
DC motor
Double-click the motor icon, and in Component Editor, select the short circuit (IEC)
subview (Fig.62), and set the data.

Fig. 62 IEC DC short circuit subview for DC motor

DC Capacitor
Set the DC generator “out of service”, and add a capacitor. Double-click the capacitor
icon, and in Component Editor (Fig. 63), set the data.

Fig. 63 IEC DC short circuit subview for capacitor

Run IEC DC short circuit
First, click the “Setup” button in DC system analysis window and set the global setting
for IEC DC short circuit, show in Fig. 64.
Next, click the right mouse-button, and click “Select Components” to select the sources
and branches for which you want to check the results, as shown in Fig. 65.
Then, select the “Short Circuit (IEC)” item and click the “Run” button. The DC Short
Circuit study will run for your DC system, as shown in Fig. 66.

Now click the “Graph” button; you can check the curves for short circuit in sources and
branches, as shown in Fig. 67. You can also check the detail report for short circuit by
clicking the “Report” button or by clicking the Report icon in toolbar, as shown in Fig.
68.

Fig. 64 IEC DC short circuit setup window

Fig. 65 IEC DC short circuit Select components window
Fig. 66 Message window of running IEC DC short circuit

Fig. 67 IEC DC short circuit graphic result output

Fig. 68 IEC DC short circuit detailed result report