Paaras Thakur

IUPAC naming

Lecture 1
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IUPAC naming
Iupac Nomenclature of Organic Compound

The purpose of the IUPAC system of

nomenclature is to establish an international
standard of naming compounds to facilitate
communication. The goal of the system is to
give each structure a unique and
unambiguous name, and to correlate each
name with a unique and unambiguous
structure.
Can you name these structures in 3 Minutes ?
Types of carbon atoms
 Iupac Nomenclature of Organic Compound

Some molecular structures are shown below. These molecules are all amino acids,
the constituents of proteins. Look at the number of carbon atoms in each molecule
and the way they are bonded together.

The functional groups determine the way the molecule works both chemically
and biologically.
 Iupac Nomenclature of Organic Compound

General Scheme of Naming

Secondary prefix + Primary prefix + Word root + Primary suffix + Secondary suffix
 Iupac Nomenclature of Organic Compound

Primary Suffix: It indicates the saturation or unsaturation existing in the main chain.

ane ⟶ single bond (saturated)

Ene ⟶ one = bond
diene ⟶ If two double bonds
Polyene ⟶ if plenty of double bond are present.
Yne ⟶ one ☰ bond
diyne ⟶ two ☰ bond
 Iupac Nomenclature of Organic Compound

Secondary Suffix : It is used for the principal functional group.

Primary Prefix : ‘Cyclo’ word is used for alicyclic compounds.

Secondary Prefix : Normal substituents and junior functional groups are treated as a
substituent, then their name is treated as secondary prefix.
 Rules for writing Radicals

Primary or n-alkyl: N = normal, signifies a straight chain

 Rules for writing Radicals

Iso - alkyl:
 Rules for writing Radicals

Sec - alkyl:

Tert - alkyl:
 Rules for writing Radicals

Neo - alkyl:
Table of fragment names and organic elements
 Naming of saturated hydrocarbons

Rule 1 Selection of the longest carbon chain : The longest carbon chain gives parent
name to the compound.

If number of carbon atoms are same in more than one longest chain then more
substituted longest chain will be the parent chain.
 Naming of saturated hydrocarbons

If number of side chain are also same then that will be parent chain having its
substituent at lower number.
 Naming of saturated hydrocarbons

Rule 2 Numbering the longest chain : Longest chain is numbered starting from a
terminal carbon. Numbering is done in such a way that gives lowest set of locants.
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