Magnetic Effect of Electric current

Lecture 5
Seema Rao
M.Sc (Organic Chemistry)

GATE - Chemistry Qualified

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 Differences between Bar magnet and electromagnet

Bar magnet (or Permanent magnet) Electromagnet

1. The bar magnet is a permanent 1. An electromagnet is a temporary

magnet. magnet. Its magnetism is only for
the duration of current passing
through it. So, the magnetism of
an electromagnet can be switched
on or switched off as desired.

2. A permanent magnet produces 2. An electromagnet can produce

comparatively weak force of very strong magnetic
attraction. comparatively weak force of
attraction.
 Differences between Bar magnet and electromagnet

Bar magnet (or Permanent magnet) Electromagnet

3. The strength of a permanent 3. The strength of an electromagnet

magnet. can be changed cannot be
changed. by changing the number
of turns in its coil or by changing
the current passing through it.

4. The (north-south) polarity of a 4. The polarity of an electromagnet

permanent. can be changed by magnet is fixed
and cannot be changed. changing
the direction of current in its coil.
Example In the straight wire A, current is flowing in the vertically downward direction
whereas in wire B the current is flowing in the vertically upward direction.
What is the direction of magnetic field:
A. In wire A ? B. In wire B ?
Name the rule which you have used to get the answer.
Example The figure shows a solenoid wound on a core of soft iron. Will the end A be
a N pole or S pole when the current flows in the direction shown ?
Example For the coil in the diagram below, when the switch is pressed:
1. what is the polarity of end A ?
2. which way will the compass point then ?
The directions of current flowing in the coil of an electromagnet at its two ends X and Y
are as shown below:
1. What is the polarity of end X ?
2. What is the polarity of end Y ?

End X End Y
Example A current-carrying conductor is held in exactly vertical direction. In order to
produce a clockwise magnetic field around the conductor, the current
should be passed in the conductor:

A. from top towards bottom

B. from left towards right
C. from bottom towards top
D. from right towards left
 Magnetism In Human Beings

The two main organs of the human body where the magnetic field produced is quite
significant are the heart and the brain.
The magnetism produced inside the human body (by the flow of ionic currents) forms
the basis of a technique called Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) which is used to
obtain images (or pictures) of the internal parts of our body.
 Force On Current-carrying Conductor Placed In A Magnetic Field

Since a compass needle is actually a small freely pivoted magnet, we can also say that
a current-carrying wire exerts a mechanical force on a magnet, and if the magnet is
free to move, this force can produce a motion in the magnet.
A magnet exerts a mechanical force on a current-carrying wire, and if the wire is free
to move, this force can produce a motion in the wire.
When a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field. a mechanical force is
exerted on the conductor which can make the conductor move.
This is known as the motor principle and forms the basis of a large number of electrical
devices like electric motor and moving coil galvanometer.
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