I.

Binnadang-Helpfulness

A.with remuneration
1.Og-ogbo=way of helping one another by doing one’s work and do the same to
you. The type of work may differ from the farmers work.
Example:
a. Comboy=carrying the crops of one person
b.Planting rice in the field
c. Harvesting
2.Binnulod=lending/borrowing things or money and it should be returned or
changed.

B. without remuneration
1. Os-os=the contribution /donation for the welfare of the body.
Example:
a.Members of the clan may contribute to build houses/ howling of
materials.
b. Members of such organizations will contribute for projects.
2.Tonton=tracking /searching a missing animal or person within the community
or nearby community.
3.Gabgabo/Gillabo=it is done as a free labor in times of death to finish the work
undone by the bereaved family as in farming or harvesting.
4.Kuluslusa=a death aid given to the bereaved family in terms of money or in
kind.

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5.Galatis=a free service done by the community people for the welfare of
everybody.
 Example:
a. cleaning of pathways/roads
b. cleaning of water tanks
6. Panag-badang=a free labor given to family who needs help.
Example:
a.Making houseand when younger ones meet older ones that are carrying
a load, they will help him/her carry him/her loads.

II. Gagot-Industriusness

=their industriousness is seen when they go to the field, wherein they go to the
field very early and went home late. The far-off field shows industriousness, they said
that if your field is near then you are lazy. The examples of their far-off fields are in
Bungot-na, Danao,Piltok, Ap-apan and so on.

III. Ngilin

=this is staying in the house and not going to the field or going to work.
=this is in respect of IP cultures in terms of death, entering a new house and
burnt houses.
Example:
a. Just after they buried the dead they had “ngilin” to show respect to
him/her. Staying in the house depends on the family.
b. People in the community will have “ ngilin” if there are houses that was
burnt for one day.

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 IV. Padang/Pudong

=respect of IP cultures in terms of when something is stolen in their crops, not

entering in their house.
=this is a grass that is coiled that was placed in the field or in the entrance of
the house. They are afraid of these so they don’t destroy it. This symbolizes that no
one should get inside in the house without the permission of the family and in the
field also no one should be getting crops because if someone get one on the crops they
believe that if the person who owns this willtell anything as a punishment then it will
become true.
Example:
a. They will use Padang if no one is left in the house.
b. Padang is used also if they observed that something is stolen in their
crops.

V. Inayan

= a word use to control the wrong doings of people. They strongly believe that
in everything they do it may happen to them also.
Example:
a. If you are laughing at someone that has dis abilities then this could
happen to you but if not it could be in your children or any in your family
members.

VI. Ayew

= shows thriftiness
= this is a word used to be careful on something and do not waste it.
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Example:
a. on the food /rice that we are eating we should be careful not to waste
or drop even single rice…” they keep on saying that we should not
drop one or waste rice because they and your harvest for the next will

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XI. Laton/ Kasiyana

= a wordof sympathy to encourage people who are losing hope regarding on

certain matters.