APEX ADVANCE REVIEW AND TRAINING CENTER REVIEW COURSE

DAY 3 - TRIGONOMETRY

Pythagorean Theorem:

𝑎 2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐 2

Functions of Acute Angle:

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Squared Identities:

PLANE AND SPHERICAL 𝐴+𝐴 =1

TRIGONOMETRY
Types of Angles 1+𝐴= 𝐴 12. A vertical pole 8 ft tall casts a shadow 5 ft
a. ______________________ 1+𝐴 = 𝐴 long on level ground. Find the angle which the
0° < ∅ < 90° rays of the sun make with the horizontal.
b. ______________________ A. 32° C. 39°
90° Sum and Difference of 2 angles: B. 58° D. 51°
c. ______________________
90° < ∅ < 180° sin(A ± B) = sinAcos B ± cosAsinB 13. At certain point, the angle of elevation of
d. ______________________ cos(A ± B) = cosAcosB ∓ sinAsinB the top of a flagpole, which stands on level
180° 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴±𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵 ground, is 35 deg. Seventy-five feet nearer the
tan(A ± B) = 1 ∓𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵
e. ______________________ pole, the angle of elevation is 50 deg. How
180° < ∅ < 360° high is the pole?
f. ______________________ Double Angle Identities A. 127.32ft C. 117.85ft
360° B. 106.84ft D. 96.32ft
sin 2A = 2sinAcosA
Angle Pairs cos 2A = 𝐴 − 𝐴 14. A man whose eye is 1.5m above his sole
a. ______________________ = 2𝐴 − 1 stands on a 48.5m high building. The angle of
Sum is 90 ° = 1 − 2𝐴 depression of the top and foot of a nearby
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐴
b. ______________________ tan 2A = 1−𝐴 building are 50 and 80 degrees respectively.
Sum is 180 ° Find the height of the 2nd building.
c. ______________________ A. 35.5m C. 40.5m
Sum is 360 ° Half-Angle Identities B. 30.5m D. 39.5m

PROBLEMS 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
15. A flagpole 3m high stands on top of a
1. Which of the following is equal to 100 sin (A/2) = √ 2 pedestal 2m high above the ground. At a
grads? 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
distance “x” meters from the base of the
A. 1.5𝜋 rad C. 1500 mils cos (A/2) = √ 2
pedestal and on the same horizontal plane of
B. ½ rev D. 90° that of the pedestal, the flagpole and the
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
tan (A/2) = √ pedestal subtend equal angles. Find the value
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
2. It is the positive acute angle between the x – of x.
axis and the terminal side of an angle
Complementary Functions: A. 3√3 C. 2√5
A. Co-terminal Angle B. 2√3 D. √21
B. Reference Angle
sin A = cos (90 – A)
C. Angle of Elevation INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
tan A = cot (90 – A)
D. Angle of Depression
csc A = sec (90 – A)
y = arcsinx if sin y = x
REFERENCE/CO-TERMINAL ANGLES
6. Simplify the expression: 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦(1 − 𝑦 ) y = arccosx if cos y = x
Reference Angle:
A. 2siny C. cos 2y
B. cos 4y D. sin 4y y = arctanx if tan y = x
QI: 𝜃 = 𝛼
QII: 𝜃 = 180 − 𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 16. If arc tan 2x + arc tan 3x = 45 degrees,
QIII: 𝜃 = 𝛼 − 180 7. Simplify: +𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+1 what is the numerical value of x?
QIV: 𝜃 = 360 − 𝛼 A. cos x C. cot x A. 1/6 C. 1/3
B. sec x D. tan x B. ½ D. 1/4
Co-terminal Angle:
𝜃 = 𝛽 + 𝑘(360°) 8. Which of the following is equivalent to sin 17. Find the number of radians in arccot (-
3A? 5.2418).
A. 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 4𝐴 A. -10.8 C. -0.189
Where k is an integer
B. 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 − 3𝐴 B. -0.0126 D. -2.204(10)^-4
C. 4𝐴 − 3𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
3. Find the reference angle and the first
D. 3𝐴 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 18. If sin A = 3/5 and A lies on the 2nd
negative co-terminal angle, respectively of
135°. quadrant, while cosine B = 7/25 lies on the first
9. Solve for G: tan(11G – 16) = cot(5G + 26). quadrant, find the numerical value of sin (A +
A. 45°, -45° C. 45°, -225°
All angles are expressed in degrees. B).
B. 45°, -135° D. 45°, -315°
A. 5 C. 7 A. -3/5 C. 117/125
B. 6 D. 8 B. 3/5 D. -117/125
4. If the supplement of an angle is 5/2 of its
complement, find the measurement of the
10. Given that the value of sin x – cos x = -1/3, 19. What do you call the intersection of all the
angle.
find the numerical value of sin 2x . angle bisectors of a triangle?
A. 45° C. 30°
A. 1/9 A. Centroid
B. 135° D. 60°
B. 8/9 B. Circumcenter
C. 4/9 C. Incenter
5. A certain angle has explement 5 times the
D.2/9 D. Orthocenter
supplement. Find the angle.
A. 135° C. 120° 11. In triangle ABC, AB = 18m and BC = 6m.
B. 90° D. 150° PERIODIC FUNCTIONS:
Which of the following values can be equal to
side AC? f(t) = Asin(B(t – C)) + D
RIGHT TRIANGLE A. 10m C. 12m
B. 11m D. 13m Amplitude: _________

Period: ______________
ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND DEPRESSION
Phase Shift: __________

Vertical Shift: _________

20. What is the period of f(t) = 2cos(𝜋x/3 – 1)?

 B. 159.21 D. 115.34 Cosine Law for Sides:
A. 3 C. 6
B. 2 D. 4 26. Find the area of the largest circular garden -Used when we know more sides than angles
which can be made from a triangular lot
21. For what value of C will make f(t) = tan (Ct
+ 3) have a period of 2𝜋? measuring 5, 7, and 10 m respectively. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐 +𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐
A. 5.54 C. 14.23 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
A. 1 C. 2 B. 6.85 D.11.49
B. 1/2 D. 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 +𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎
27. Find the radius of the circle that can be 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵
inscribed in a triangle with sides 7cm, 24cm
OBLIQUE TRIANGLES:
and 25cm. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐 =𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏 +𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑎
Sine Law (Ptolemy 150 A.D.) A. 3cm C. 4cm 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶
B. 3.5cm D. 4.5cm
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶 Cosine Law for Angles:
= =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 28. The area of a triangle inscribed in a circle
having a radius 9cm is equal to 43.23 square -Used when we know more angles than sides.
Use when: cm. If one of the sides of the triangle is 18cm,
-Two angles and any side find one of the other sides. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎
-Two sides and an angle opposite one of them A. 16.42cm C. 17.29cm
Cosine Law (Francois Viete) B. 18.31cm D. 12.42cm 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐵 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶 29. In triangle ABC, the side AB = 36cm, BC = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐
30cm and CA = 48cm. Compute the distance
Use when: from the intersection of perpendicular bisectors 31. What is the spherical excess of a triangle
-Three sides are given to side BC. whose angles are 30, 100 and 80 degrees?
-Two sides and an included angle A. 24.03cm C. 15.92cm A. 40° C. 60°
B. 18.77cm D. 17.89cm B. 50° D. 30°
22. A pole cast a shadow 15m long when the
angle of elevation of the sun is 61°. If the pole
30. Find the area of the smallest triangle (in 32. Find the area of a spherical triangle whose
is leaned 15° from the vertical directly towards
the sun, determine the length of the pole. square units) that can be formed from the radius is 6m and whose angles are 30, 100
A. 46.27m C. 43.29m given parts: b = 28.6, c = 44.3, and B = 23.3°. and 80 degrees.
B. 54.23m D. 52.31m A. 554 C. 454 A. 3𝜋 C. 5𝜋
B. 159 D. 115 B. 4𝜋 D. 6𝜋
23. Three circles with centers A, B and C have
respective radii 50, 30 and 20 inches and are 33. The area of an equilateral spherical
SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY
tangent to each other externally. Find the
triangle is 10𝜋.sq.m, find the measure of each
area(in square inches) of the curvilinear
triangle formed by the three circles. Spherical Triangle – A spherical surface angle if its radius is 10.
A. 142 C. 150 bounded by arc of 3 great circles. A. 54° C. 72°
B. 146 D. 154 B. 66° D. 84°
Great Circle – A circle obtained by passing a
24. The sides of a triangular lot are 130m, 34. Find the volume of a spherical hexagon
section thru the center of the sphere.
180m and 190m. This lot is to be divided by a
whose angles are 145,120,155,126,137 and
line bisecting the longest side and drawn from
the opposite vertex. Find the length of this line. 148 degrees. The radius of the sphere is 10.
A. 120m C. 135m A. 645.8 C. 665.8
B. 130m D. 125m B. 685.8 D. 655.8

AREA OF A TRIANGLE 35. Solve for angle A in the spherical triangle

ABC, given a = 106º 25’, c = 42º 16’ and B =
Given base and altitude(h):
1 114º 53’.
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
2
A. 45o54’ C. 97o09’
Given all sides a, b and c:
𝐴 = √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) B. 82o53’ D. 72o43’

-Heron’s Formula 36. If the time is 8:00 a.m. GMT, what is the
where s is the semi-perimeter and time in the Philippines, which is located at
1 120° East longitude?
𝑠 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
2 Propositions of Spherical Triangle:
A. 6 pm C. 4 pm
Equilateral Triangle: 1. If 2 sides are equal, opposite angles are
𝑠 2 √3 also equal. B. 4 am D. 6 am
𝐴=
4
2. If first side is greater than the second side, 37. Find the distance in nautical miles between
Given 2 sides and an included angle: angle opposite the first is also greater than the Manila and San Francisco. Manila is located at
1
𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 2nd side. 14° 36’N latitude and 121° 05’ E longitude.
2 San Francisco is situated at 37° 48’ N latitude
3. The sum of any 2 sides is greater than the and 122° 24’ W longitude.
Triangle Inscribed in a Circle:
𝑎𝑏𝑐 3rd side.
𝐴= A. 7856.2 n.mile
4𝑟
4. The sum of 3 sides is less than 360
Triangle Circumscribing a Circle: degrees. B. 5896.2 n.mile
𝐴 = 𝑟𝑠
5. The sum of 3 angles is between 180 and C. 6326.2 n.mile
Triangle with Escribed Circle: 540 degrees.
𝐴 = 𝑟(𝑠 − 𝑎) D. 6046.2 n.mile
6. The sum of any two angles minus the 3rd
angle is less than 180°.
25. Find the area of a circle circumscribing an
equilateral triangle having each side Sine Law:
measuring 10 cm.
A. 154.43 C. 104.72
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐
= =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐶