Review of Related Literature

Silva, Velasco, De Andrade and Oliveira proposed that we need a structural assessment or alternative
structural analysis for our transmission and telecommunication tower for the steel tower design all the
structural forces and moments combining three-dimensional beam and truss finite elements. while Aquino,
Pacheco, and Germar proposed the consideration of dynamic wind effect in the structural Design of Truss-
Type Structure. The advantage of Tubular Profile for Telecommunication Structure proposed by Parker and
Willibald this focuses the towers for supporting the antennas the particular focus of this tower is the total
costs as well as the production and erection time of the towers. Ferreira and Branco the Structural
application of GRC in Telecommunication Towers this tower is called the Glass Fiber Reinforced is a
material made of a cementitous matrix composed of cement, sand, water and admixture. According to
Allanigue and Patena the tower companies that are willing to put infrastructures for you. They will be the
ones to invest in the capex; they will be operating and maintaining these towers. The article of Lorenz
Marasigan the common tower policy seen addressing telco infracture dearth. The department of information
and communication technology (DICT) offer in charge eliseo M. Rio said his group has received feelers to
help reduce capital expenditures of existing telcos. Miguel Camus wrote on Philippine inquirer about the
pushes of new cell tower scheme for the level field to have a better service. Pathricia Ann Roxas that the
Department of Information and Communication (DICT) and the country’s three telecommunications
companies (telcos) already indentified around 1,000 initial location for the common towers. In Sri Lanka
there are many towers but these towers did not consider the earthquake loadings so when the earthquake
occur many of the property and lives destroy and also the towers collapse so in this article they consider
the design of telecommunication towers for earthquake loading. The structural analysis and design of steel
transmission of tower in wind zone II and IV-A comparative study this is to design a lattice tower
transmission tower system, the effect of wind and earthquake load were compared for different wind zone II
and IV (seismic zone IV) for the same configuration of the tower. The research "Analysis of
Telecommunication Tower with Different Bracing System" aims to find out the most effective
bracing system in the form of deflection for the rooftop towers in the buildings. This is related to
the research "Progressive Collapse Analysis of Latticed Telecommunication Towers under Wind
Loads" which is proposed to assess the anti-collapse performance of the towers. Also, the
research "Telecommunication Cell Tower Most Common Alternatives Overview" tackles about
the most proper structural system type for a tower height and practical specified deflection limit
“Torsional Effect” at the tower top. Consequently, according to the article "Comparative Analysis
of Steel Telecommunication Tower Subjected to Seismic & Wind Loading", comparative
analysis is being carried out for different heights of towers using different bracing patterns for
Wind zones I to VI and Earthquake zones II to V of India. Also, the article "Evaluation of the
Factors Influencing Time and Cost Overruns in Telecom Tower Construction in Ghana" provided
recommendations for clients, contractors, and consultants to alleviate delays in the construction
of telecom tower construction projects. Furthermore, based on the article "Effect of Rooftop
Mounted Telecommunication Tower on Design of the Building Structure", the increased demand
for telecommunications towers was caused by the compulsion to provide effective
communication due to technological advances. Another article which is the "Influence of
Telecommunication Tower on Response of Host Structure" emphasized that the most perfect
location for the tower is on the floor, but the accessibility of the most perfect soil in metropolitan
regions is highly restricted, offering no option but to implement a rooftop tower with marginal
positional adjustment. Relative to the preceding articles, the article "Comparative Analysis of
Telecommunication Tower" proposes an alternative modeling approach for structural analysis of
the steel tower design taking into account all the real structural forces and moments that
combine three-dimensional beams and finite truss components. To tackle about health
constraints of the tower, the article "Effects Of Mobile Tower Radiations on Human Health"
highlighted the impacts on human beings of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from cell
towers. Furthermore, the article "Comparison of Various Bracing Systems for Self-Supporting
Steel Lattice Structure Towers" aimed to identify the economic bracing scheme for a specified
range of tower heights. Based on survey of Riya and Jobil the "Analysis of the monopoly communication
tower"where modern telecommunications structures are crucial for today's culture. Their wide range of
communication poles is intended and produced for durability, wear, corrosion resistance and visual appeal.
Monopolies are polygonally cut and hot-dip galvanized hollow steel constructions. There is also this Wind
Analysis of Microwave Antenna Towers, according to Siddesha, depicted in his study "Wind Analysis of
Microwave Antenna Towers open-lattice steel towers with angle segments are widely used in microwave
antenna towers with a static and gust factor (GFM) technique. The comparison is created between an
angled tower and a square hollow section.The different types of communication cell towers are based on
their structural action, cross-section, type of sections used and the placement of tower monopole towers
and Guyed mast towers, where the decision could be taken to select the most appropriate alternatives that
could be investigated later to serve a specific purpose and purpose. An example of this alternative is the
Structural Analysis of Guyed Steel Telecommunications Towers for Radio Antennas, Marcel Isandro R. De
Olivera and his structural team, represented a study on the "Structural Analysis of Guyed Steel
Telecommunications Towers for Radio Antennas proposed an alternative structural analysis modeling
strategy, based on a less conservative model combining 3D beam finite elements in the main structure and
3D truss elements in the bracing system. For the geotextile and stability of the slope, according to F.H.M.
Portelinha (February 2017) in his article "The Effect of Infiltration on the Performance of the Unsaturated
Geotextile-Reinforced Soil Wall" a full-scale geotextile-reinforced soil wall was built to assess the
characteristics of water infiltration and its effect on structural performance.Nonwoven geotextiles were
selected as inclusions in order to provide not only reinforcement but also internal drainage to the fine-
grained soil used as backfill material. It is a water-permeable geosynthetic material made of synthetic fibers by
needle punching or weaving. The geomembrane is impervious to water and the geotextile is permeable. However,
there is this The Role of Finite Element Analysis forgeosynthetic. The use of plasticity alternatives to
estimate the peak impact of strengthening is illustrated. Results of finite element analyses are then used to
show that, although the collapse load calculated from plasticity theory can be achieved for very extremely
strengthened brackets, failure will happen at bank heights well below the collapsed height in many cases.
New accelerators on the alkali-free basis in powder form have been refined to such an extent that they can
be used successfully. When used in combination with other concrete admixtures, this alkali-free accelerator
significantly reduces leaching rates, while there is no significant decrease in strength as compared to base
concrete. When placing the shotcrete, there is both less dust formation and less rebound. Apart from the
development of this new generation of accelerators in combination with rebound and dust reducers.
However there is this called a Connector and Method for Engaging Soil-Reinforcing Grid and Earth
Retaining WallAn earth retaining wall and method having at least a pair of tiers of side-by-side blocks which
define a receiving channel for a connector bar with spaced-apart keys that engage apertures in a lattice-like
grid extending laterally from the tiers, the grid being covered by backfill for interlocking the backfill with the
retaining wall, the keys distributing the load of the backfill evenly across the wall. In other research the
Slope Stabilization System and Method is a system and method for slope stabilization applicable to a wide
range of slopes comprised of a variety of soils.A layer of geosynthetic fabric is deployed upon the surface
of the slope to be stabilized and is anchored to the stable earth region which underlies the potential slip
zone of the slope. However Retaining Wall with Flexible Mechanical Soil Stabilizing Sheet is a retaining
wall is made from a plurality of blocks arranged in rows superimposed on each other and pinned
together.Retaining walls often support structures or are used to create level building pads. Slope
Stabilization System and is ideally suited for these applications given that it is as strong as concrete. Slope
Stabilization Systemis used to build everything from small creek banks to massive roadways providing
permanent stability you can build on.