CE 401 & CE 401L BUILDING DESIGN 2 – PLUMBING and FIRE PROTECTION

PLUMBING INTRODUCTION – CHAPTER 001

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and
supply water in building and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other
substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health and sanitation
of life and property.

Plumber is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation.

Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome.

Plumbum on the other hand, meant lead.

Plumbing has Two Main Objectives

1. To supply water to different parts of the building

2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public
sewer or septic tank.

Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in Building

1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture.

2. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system.

Mandatory Requirements for a Drainage System

“All drainage system must conform with a set of requirements enumerated as follows”

1. That, all pipe joints must be well fitted and tightly connected with each other to prevent leakage
of gas and liquid.
2. That, the drainage pipe should be graded or inclined properly for a downward gravity flow of
water towards the main sewer line or to the septic tank.
3. That, the drainage pipe should be provided with adequate cleanout, accessible for repair in case
of stoppage.
4. The drainage system must be provided with ventilation pipe that will convey gases to atmosphere
where it can do no harm to human health.
5. That, except for water closet, each fixture shall be provided with suitable trap that prevent back
flow of gases.
6. That, the drainage system must be vented, to avoid siphonage or back flow of the water seal.

The Drainage System Should Accomplished the Following

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and stoppage of drains.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the house from the piping system.

Plumbing Design Unlimited?

Classification of Waste

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE

2019
Solid Waste that is being discharged by water closet and Liquid Waste that are coming from various
fixtures.

Degrees of Waste Water

1. Storm Water – Water from rain.

2. Grey Water – from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers, & bath tubs
3. Black Water – waste plus human waste both solid and liquid flushed out of toilet and urinals.

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

ELEMENTS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM

1. Soil Pipe - any pipe which conveys the
discharge of water closets, urinals, or fixtures
having similar functions.
2. Stack - a general term used for any vertical line
of soil, waste, or vent piping.
3. Soil Stack Pipe - a vertical soil pipe conveying
fecal matter and liquid waste.

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE

2019
4. Stack Vent - an extension of a soil or waste through a pipe without materially affecting the
stack above the highest horizontal drain flow of sewage or waste water through it.
connected to the stack.
18. House Drain - that part of the lowest
5. Vent- a pipe or opening used for ensuring the horizontal piping of a plumbing system which
circulation of air in a plumbing system and for receives the discharge from soil, waste and other
reducing to pressure exerted on trap seals. 6. drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it
Unit Vent-an arrangement of venting so installed to the house sewer. It should have a slope of at
that one vent pipe will serve two 12) traps. least 1/4" to a foot or .006 for every .30 meter.
(6 mm for every 300 mm).
7. Wet Vent - that portion of a vent pipe through
which liquid waste flow. 8. Branch -any part of a 19. House Sewer - the house sewer is that part
piping system other than the main riser or stack. of a plumbing system extending from a point
about four (4) or five (5) feet from the inner face
9. Main - the main of any system of continuous
of the foundation wall of a building to the
piping is the principal artery of the system to
junction with another sewer.
which branches may be connected. ·
20. House Trap- a trap connected to lowest
10. Branch Vent - a vent pipe connecting from a
horizontal piping or House Drain.
branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
21. Relief Vent - a vent the primary (Fresh Air
11. Waste Pipe - a pipe which conveys only liquid
Inlet) function of which is to provide circulation
wastes free fecal matter.
of air between drainage and vent system.
12. Drain - a sewer or other pipe or conduit used
22. Public Sewer - a common sewer directly
for conveying ground water, surface water,
controlled by public authority to which all
waste water or sewage.
abutters have equal rights of connection.
13. Sewer - A pipe or conduit for carrying sewage
23. Siphonage - a suction caused by the flow of
and waste liquids.
liquids in pipes.
14. Sewage - the liquid wastes conducted away
24. Spigot - The end of a pipe which fits into a
from buildings/structures, also of the storm
bell. Also a word synonymously with faucet.
water.
25. Seal - The vertical distance between the dip
15. Sewerage -a comprehensive term, including
and crown wire of a trap.
all construction for collection, transportation,
pumping, treatment and final disposition of 26. Roughing-In - The installation of all pipes in
waste. the plumbing system that are in partitions and
under floors.
16. Cleanout Ferrule - a metallic sleeve, calked
or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, into 27. Finishing - The setting of fixtures.
which a plug is screwed that can be removed for
28. Sump - a pit or receptacle at a low point to
the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior
which the liquid wastes are drained.
of the pipe.
29. Shaft - a vertical opening through a building
17. Trap - A fitting or device so constructed as to
for elevators, dumbwaiters, light, ventilation,
prevent the passage of air, gas, and some vermin
etc.

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE

2019
30. Sleeve - a sheet metal placed when concrete
is poured to accommodate future plumbing
pipes.
31. Pipe Chase - an opening or space to
accommodate a group of pipes.
32. Plumbing Fixtures – are installed
receptacles, devices, or appliances which are
Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE
2019
supplied with water, or which receives or
discharge into drainage system which maybe
directly or indirectly connected.
33. Caulking – Is plugging an opening with
oakum, lead or other materials, that are
pounded into the place or opening.