Building Water

System and
Design
Part 2
 WATER TEMPERATURES
• COLD WATER
Water from shallow (just below frost line) underground water service lines enters the
building at a temperature that fluctuates with climate, season, and location of the water
service line. In a moderate climate, it may range from 35°F (2°C) in midwinter to 70°F (21°C)
or more in midsummer. In hot climate regions, water service temperature can reach
temperatures above 90°F (32°C) or more in the summer.
• CHILLED WATER
A chiller is used to cool water to a temperature of about 50°F (10°C) before it is used.
• HEATED WATER
A hot water is potable water that is heated to at least 120°F.
• TEMPERED WATER
Tempered water is a blend of hot and cold water that is mixed at a thermostatic
(mixing) valve. The temperature requirement for tempered water typically ranges from 90° to
110°F (32° to 43°C).
DOMESTIC WATER HEATING

TYPES OF WATER HEATERS

• STORAGE TANK WATER HEATERS

• INSTANTANEOUS (TANKLESS) WATER HEATERS

• CIRCULATING WATER HEATERS

STORAGE TANK WATER
HEATERS
A storage tank water heater consists of a
storage tank and a heating medium.

A storage tank water heater stores water

for use on demand. Street pressure
drives water flow. As hot water is drawn
from the tank, it is replaced by water
from the water service. This cools the
water contained in the tank.
INSTANTANEOUS
(TANKLESS) WATER
HEATERS
They do not rely on a standby storage in
a tank to artificially boost their capacity.
Instead, they have a heating device that
is activated by the flow of water when a
hot water valve is opened. Once
activated, the heater delivers a constant
supply of hot water.
CIRCULATING WATER HEATERS
Circulating water heaters consist of a separate storage tank that stores water heated by a
heat exchanger. The heat exchanger may be a separate unit that is heated by stream or hot
water from a boiler or may be contained in a boiler.
POTABLE WATER PIPE SIZING
PLAN

1 WATER CLOSET
1 LAVATORY Pipe Length = 15 m
1 SHOWER
1 SINK
COMPUTE THE TOTAL WATER DEMAND (WSFU)
REFER TO TABLE 6-5 of “Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines ”

1 WATER CLOSET = 1 x 3 WSFU = 3 WSFU

1 LAVATORY = 1 x 1 WSFU = 1 WSFU
1 SHOWER = 1 x 2 WSFU = 2 WSFU
1 SINK (DISHWASHER) = 1 x 2 WSFU = 2 WSFU

TOTAL = 8 WSFU
WATER DEMAND = 64 gpm

1 FU = 1 ft3/min
= 7.5 gpm ≈ 8 gpm
COMPUTE THE NET PRESSURE

Net Pressure = Ave. Pressure at the Main – Static Pressure

P = Pave –Pstatic
Pstatic= Pressure loss due to elevation change (9.79*h)
h = elevation of the remote fixture
Pave= Service pressure at the Main (Water District)
P= lowest possible pressure in the building
Water Main has an average pressure of 30 – 50 psi (345 kPA)

P = 345 – 9.79 (0) kPA

P = 345 kPA
DETERMINE THE PIPE SIZE WITH THE AID OF TABLE
6-6
REFER TO TABLE 6-6 of “Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines ”

1. Choose the table based on the pressure range, where the net
pressure will fall
2. Select the length column which is equal or greater than the required
length
3. Follow down the column to a fixture unit value equal to or greater
than the total number of fixture units required by the installation
* No building water service pipe shall be less than 19 mm in diameter
Service Pipe= 19 mm ≈ ¾ “
Branches = 19 mm ≈ ¾ “
END