04 - Sanitary and Plumbing

Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and Details
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates

The learner independently drafts
understanding of concepts and
sanitary and plumbing layout and
underlying principles in drafting
details following the job
sanitary and plumbing layout and
requirements.
details.
Quarter IV Time Allotment: 16 hrs.
MODULE 6
Introduction
This module is designed to familiarize students with the concept of

sanitary disposal of waste and the principle of introducing clean water in to the
residential unit from the source. It will also help the students understand the
intricacy of designing and planning a sanitary plumbing and sewerage layout.
It also familiarizes them with the different abbreviations and symbols used in
drafting of sanitary and plumbing layout, the specification materials used for the
construction and the different kinds of fittings intended for a sound construction
of the layout.
Plumbing drawings are prepared to a very small-scale. Therefore
schematic symbols are used for drawing plumbing lines, fixture and other
components as they actually appear. These symbols are used to show the type
and location of fixtures, valves, joints and other plumbing devices.
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
 draft water distribution system; and

 draft sanitary and storm drainage
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*****
At this point, you are
heading into meaningful
activities and learning
encounters. Complete the
exercises and answer the
suggested worksheets to
experience lifelong, practical
learning that awaits at the end
of this module.
ENJOY YOU R JOU RNEY!
Pre-assessment: Multiple Choice

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in
the space provided before each number.
_____1. A kind of fitting used to straight section pipes.

a. elbows b. coupling c. cross d. tee
_____2. How is hot and cold water distributed from the source to the different
parts of the building?
a. by pressurizing the source c. by mixing hot and cold water
b. by raising water temperature d. by chemical means
_____3. Used to close systems and to connect pipes that have to be
disassembled occasionally.
a. unions b. plug valve c. nipples d. reducers
_____4. The preceding plumbing symbol indicates a --

a. coupling c. straight cross
b. safety valve d. gate valve
_____5. A fitting used to change direction of a pipe line either 90 degrees or

45 degrees.
a. T b. cross c. elbows d. couplings
_____6. Used to close the end of a pipe.
a. cap b. plug c. bushing d. unions
_____7. The storm drainage is considered a part of the –
a. plumbing system. c. foundation system.
b. electrical system. d. elevation system.
_____8. Used to close an opening in a fitting.
_____9. Which of these common plumbing symbols/abbreviations indicate a
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junction box?
a. JXB b. JBox c. JB b. JBX
_____10. The ideal or suggested size in constructing the septic tank with a 15
number of people is______.
a. depth- 1:20, W-1:0, L- 2:0 c. depth 1:50 , W- 1:20, L-1:50
b. depth- 1:50, W-1:5, L-150 d. depth 2:50, W-1:50, L -2:50
_____11. Used to reduce the size of an opening.
a. bushing b. unions c. cap d. plug
_____12. A network of pipes and fittings that carry off wastes and each
plumbing fixture is titled with the appropriate pipe and fitting.
a. Sanitary installation c. Drainage system
b. Polyvinyl pipe and fittings d. Sanitary and storm drainage
_____13. Used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be
_____14. A water distribution system shown in an elevation, on plan and on
isometric using the different symbols.
a. isometric draft c. isometric water system
b. water system diagram d. schematic drawing
_____15. Which is NOT a type of valve:
a. Gate valve c. Check valve
b. Globe valve d. Metal valve
Skills Evaluation
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must
gain in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the
skills expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you
are not so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the
skills. Don’t feel bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind
that this is being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and
skills on the lesson to be presented.
Skills in drafting water distribution system Not Much A little A lot

 I can draft hot and cold water distribution
systems according to Plumbing and
Water Codes
 I can indicate signs and symbols
according to sanitary and plumbing
requirements
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Learning Goals and Targets:
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre

assessment instrument, you might have ideas of what you will be dealing with
in this module. Now prepare to set your goals and targets for this module by
completing the activity below. Write your answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
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Know
Lesson 1: Draft Water Distribution Systems
This lesson is designed to familiarize you to draft the proper distribution
of water system (hot and cold water) and the signs and symbols used which
are based on the standard water code of the Philippines.
Operational Definition of Terms:

Aluminum is a lightweight but relatively strong metal often alloyed with copper
to increase hardness and strength.
Gate Valve is usually chosen for locations where it is left completely open most
of the time because it offers the least resistance to the flow of water.
Diagrammatic Layout is used for drafting layout in architectural plans.
Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends.
Plumbing refers to the water supply and drainage of wastewater sewage.
Plumbing system refers to the supply pipes that carry fresh waste water
under pressure from a public water supply or individual wells to fixtures.
Reducer is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
Scale Layout is used for drafting large pipes.
Overview
One of man’s essential needs is water. He could live for days without
food but not without water. Water appears in its natural state (liquid) or solid
(ice) and gas (vapor) or steam. It is 830 times heavier than air but is 133 times
lighter in its gaseous state. This can be sourced from: rain water, natural
surface water and underground water.
Water is a necessity. It is conveyed from the source to the household
through a system of pipes.
Water distribution systems for residential and commercial buildings are
conveyed thru pipes, a PVC, Cast Iron or G.I. pipe.
Hot and cold water is supplied to the buildings by a series of pipes
connected from the source under pressure to the building fixtures thru a water
line distribution system.
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Pipes used for water line distribution systems may be classified as:
1. Steel and wrought iron pipe
2. Cast iron pipe
3. Seamless brass and copper pipe
4. Copper tubing
5. Special pipes such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), Aluminum and Stainless
Steel pipes, and CPV’C (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) pipe
Water main refers to the public sewer system along the streets, or laid
underground where the service to the house is connected. Water coming from
it is under pressure but normally could serve only houses of moderate height.
A pump is installed to augment the pressure that forces the water to move inside
the pipe.
The size of the service pipe is determined by the demand for water. A
maximum demand is one factor, or the maximum water discharge for plumbing
fixtures and the probable demand is another, which is the peak demand or peak
load.
Connection of Pipes
Pipes are connected by methods dependent upon the material and the
demands of service. Steel, brass or bronze pipes are normally threaded and
screwed into coupling and fitting. Fittings are used to join adjacent lengths of
pipes and to provide changes of direction, and branch connections at any angle
and to effect a change in size.
Connections
1. Threaded connections
2. Soldered fittings
3. Connection by bolded flanges
4. Solvent cement weld connections
Common types of fittings

1. Screwed fittings
2. Welded joints
3. Flanged joints
4. Solder joints
5. Slip fittings (for plastic pipes)
Valves
1. Gate valves
2. Globe valves
3. Check valves
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4. Pressure reducing valves

5. Safety valves
Valves are specified by giving the nominal size, material and ride.
Kinds of Fittings
1. Elbows are used to change direction of a pipeline either 90 degrees
or 45 degrees.
2. Tee connects three pipes.
3. Cross connects four pipes.
4. Couplings are used to connect straight section pipes.
5. Reducers are used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
6. Nipples are short pieces of pipes threaded on both ends and classified
as close nipple and short nipple.
7. Cap is used to close the end of a pipe.
8. Plug is used to close an opening in a fitting.
9. Bushing is used to reduce the size of an opening.
10. Unions are used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be
Systems of Drawing Pipe Layout

1. Scale Layout are used for large pipes
2. Diagrammatic lay out are used for architectural plans.
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Process
Suggested Activity 1
Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the correct answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.
__________ 1. It is used to stop or regulate the flow of fluids.
__________ 2. It is used to limit the flow of fluids to one direction only.
__________ 3. It is used to connect three pipes.
__________ 4. It is used to connect straight section pipes of different sizes.
__________ 5. They are short pieces of pipes threaded at both ends.
__________ 6. They are full sized straightway openings that offer small
resistance to the flow of fluids.
__________ 7. It is used to join adjacent length of pipes.
__________ 8. It is used to close the end of a pipe.
__________ 9. It is used to close an opening or fitting.
__________ 10. It is a kind of layout for pipes used in architectural plans.
Group Activity: Identification of pipe fittings and pipe materials

Directions:
Note: The teacher shall distribute pictures of plumbing fixtures and
fittings.
 Work in groups of 3 to 5 (depending upon the number of students in
the class) and chose a leader.
 Identify the different kinds of:
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o pipes used in plumbing;

o materials used; and
o different kinds of pipes fittings and flanges.
 Write a description in a piece of paper, each of the above in terms of
its characteristics and uses.
 Report your outputs to your teacher to assess and/or check your
learning of the targeted knowledge and skills.
Know
The plumbing system is important to the designer or draftsman. Although
plumbing plans may be omitted on small residential dwellings, they are always
included in larger projects for small residences; the plumbing layout is left to the
contractor or the owner to decide.
A plumbing system performs two major functions which are:

1. For Water Distribution
2. Sewage Disposal
Water distribution systems, whether hot or

COMMON PLUMBING cold, are distributed by pipes from the source to
SYMBOLS the house. Amenities as discussed earlier, when
tracing the path of the supply of water and
fixtures fittings, the architectural designer uses
symbols to indicate the distribution system and
the different fixtures. The water distribution
system is shown in an elevation, on plan and on
isometric using the different symbols, hence this
is called a schematic drawing.
In drawing the layout, here are the common

symbols used for cold water line and sanitary
layout.
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SANITARY & PLUMBING LEGEND/ABBREVIATION

SYMBOLS
Water Closet WC
Vent at Ceiling VAC
Vent Stack thru Roof VSTR
Cold Water Line CWL
Hot Water Line HWL
Concrete Drain Pipe CDP
Cast Iron Soil Pipe CISP
Down Spout DS
Cast Iron Vent Stack CISS
Cast Iron Vent Stack CIVS
Vent At Ceiling VAC
Vent Stack Thru Roof VSTR
Catch Basin CB
Junction Box JB
Water Meter WM
Galvanize Iron Pipe Water Line GIPWL
Cold Water Riser CWR
Cold Water Down Feed CWDF
Fire Line FL
Deck Drain DD
Canopy Drain CD
Sprinkle Riser SPR
Dry Stand Pipe Riser DSPR
Fire Hose Cabinet FHC
Lavatory LAV
Water Closet WC
Floor Drain FD
Clean Out CO
Like most architectural drawings, plumbing drawings are drawn to a small

scale. It would be unrealistic to draw all fixtures and lines on the drawing paper.
Therefore schematic symbols are used for various plumbing fixtures and lines.
They are used to show the type and location of fixtures, joints values and other
devices.
The difference in appearance of an orthographic drawing of fixtures and
other devices with that of a schematic drawing is shown in the figure.
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SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL
Double Brach Elbow –

DBL EL
Straight Cross - STX
Safety valve – SFTY V
Gate Valve – GT V
Hand Valve – HND V
Pipe Outlet Up - P
Pipe Outlet Down - P
Coupling - CPLG
Elbow 90° - EL
Elbow 45° - EL
Tee 90° - T
Lateral 90° - LAT
Clean Out - CO
Reducer - RED
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SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL
Flanged Fittings – FL FT
Screwed Fittings – SC FT
Bell and Spigot Fittings – BL/SP

FT
Welded Fitting – WLD FT
Soldered Fitting – SLD FT
Expansion Joint – EXP JT
Motor Operated Vehicle – MOP

V
Meter – M
Floor Drain - FD
Cess Pool – CP
Dry Well - DW
Septic Tank – SEP TNK
SEPTIC – TANK Distribution Box

– SEP TANK DIS BX
SUMP PIT - SP
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Process
Suggested Activity 2
A. Draw the symbols for the following terms on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Faucet 6. Hose bib
2. Water closet 7. Lavatory
3. Gate valve 8. Water meter
4. Shower 9. Kitchen sink
5. Floor drain 10. Clean out
B. Classification: Given the word pool below, try to find where each of these
word belongs.
FLARED TEE SAFETY ELBOW CAP GATE

REDUCER FERRULE BUSHING CROSS
PIPES PIPE CHECK

FITINGS VALLES
C. Draft a water line layout for a Toilet and Bath

Procedure:
1. From the given plan of a T&B, indicate the location of bathroom fixtures by
drawing the symbols of each on the place where they think is the best location.
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2. In as much as the kitchen is adjacent to the toilet and bath, naturally the source
of water supply comes from the same direction. Try to draw the layout of the water
supply line to the different fixtures they have identified.
Try to draw the water supply line to indicate the pipe fittings used and the
different fixtures and the water flow.
3. After highlighting the pipe fittings used and indicated the water supply
source and its flow, darken the supply line and indicate the pipe and fixture
specifications by writing them beside the fixtures as indicated by the arrow.
Then, write down the legend for identification.
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A typical diagram of the plumbing system of a single detached one-storey

dwelling units.
The Water Line Layout
The water distribution system is the network of pipes and fittings for
conveying water to the plumbing fixtures while the system of pipes and fittings for
carrying off wastes is referred to as sanitary installation
The building water entrance pipe is connected to the street by means of a
corporation cock, if the water is supplied by the community. The amount of water
passing thru the water service is measured by the water meter. If water service is
supplied thru a deep well, a water meter is not necessary. From this, the water
pipes branch out to the fixtures inside the residential unit requiring water.
Clean water lines are represented on a plan by a visible line and two dashes,
while sanitary lines are represented by a bold continuous line. The fixtures are
indicated by their common symbols. Storm drainage lines are drawn with two
invisible lines that run parallel to each other. While vent pipes are bold hidden lines.
The operation of the basic plumbing system is readily understood through
the diagram shown here.
To get water to a structure for use by the tenants and to remove sewage
and unwanted water is the purpose of a plumbing system.
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A Typical Plumbing System
A Sample Plumbing Layout

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Water Pipes and Fittings Required For Installing Commonly

Used Plumbing Fixtures
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A typical installation of a water distribution using PVC pipes with G.I.

Pipes for in-house is done with PVC pipes adapter fittings. To obtain
watertight joints, solvent cement is applied.
uPVC Adafter Fitting for uPVC-to-Galvanized Iron Water

Piping Connectors
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Reflect and Understand

Shown below are the procedure on how to lay-out the plumbing system in
the floor plan.
Procedure:
1. From the plan shown below, indicate the location of water fixtures by
drawing their symbols on the place you think is the most suitable location
for each. You too, shall indicate the water supply source from the street
water branch.
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KS
BEDROOM
DINE/KIT
LIVING
BEDROOM
2. After locating and indicating the location of the fixtures, draw the water line
connection from the water source. In addition, try to indicate the position of
the water meter and the check valve based on their layout and the source
of water supply.
3. Draw the water line layout of the pipe fittings and the fixtures to show the
different kinds of fittings use, and write down the specifications of the
material used.
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4. After indicating and writing down the material used for the pipe and fittings,
5. Darken the water layout and write down the abbreviations on the fixtures
together with the legend to distinguish the different water fixtures.
LEGEND
F Faucet
GV Gate Valve
HB Hose Bibb
WM Water M eter
WC Water Closet
SHO Shower Head
LAV Lavatory
GIP Galvanized Iron Pipe
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Transfer
Directions: From the plan shown below, sketch a clean water line layout.
Specific Requirements:
1 faucet
1 shower head
1 lavatory
1 water closet
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Transfer
Procedure:
1. From the preceding water line layout, determine which axis is to be used
to present the diagram
2. Indicate the height of water fixtures according to scale ratio used and
based on accepted architectural standards.
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3. Layout water distribution system and indicate location of fittings fixtures.
4. Finalize drawing and draw legend
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Transfer
Summative Test
Directions: From the plumbing layout drawn, draft the isometric plumbing diagram.
Use standard height.
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Lesson 2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage
Know
The sanitary installation is referred to as the network of pipes and fittings

that carry off wastes and each plumbing fixture is titled with the appropriate pipe
and fitting. The discharges are conveyed to the septic vault.
The storm drainage system, on the other hand, consists of pipes, fittings,
catch basins, area drain and is intended for getting rid of water from the building
roof and its surrounding and is conveyed to the street sewer. The storm drainage
is considered part of the plumbing system.
The pipe used for sanitary and storm drainage most common to
homeowners and contractors are the plastic pipe or Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes
and the concrete pipe for area drain.
Skills Evaluation
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must gain
in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists the skills
expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking “Not much”, if you are not
so familiar yet, “A little” and/or “A lot”, if you are already familiar with the skills. Don’t
feel bad if you checked “Not Much” in all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is
being administered to determine your pre-entry knowledge of and skills on the
lesson to be presented.
Skills in drafting sanitary and storm drainage Not Much A little A lot
 I can draw sewerage plan layout according to
Plumbing Code
 I can draft storm drainage plan according to
Plumbing Code
 I can draw details and symbols according to
sanitary and plumbing requirements
Learning Goals and Targets:
After reading the introduction and carefully answering the instrument, you
might have ideas of what you will be dealing with in this module. Now prepare to
set your goals and targets for this module by completing the activity below. Write
your answer in your notebook.
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My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
Overview
Wastewater is discharged by gravity through the disposal system. All pipes

in this system therefore must slant in a downward direction so the weight of the
waste will cause it to move down. Because of this gravity flow, waste lines are
larger than water lines. The stacks are the vertical lines while the branches are the
horizontal lines. Vents are also provided for air circulation and to permit sewer
gases to escape thru the roof. This equalizes the air pressure in the drainage
system.
The wastewater flows starting at the fixture trap, which is provided to stop
gases from entering the building and each fixture has a separate trap or seal to
prevent backflow of sewer gas, through the fixture branches to the main sewer line.
Waste stacks carry only wastewater while solid wastes runs thru the soil
lines, which are the largest in the system and are flushed with water after each use.
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Piping systems are vital to modern society. Some systems may be complex;
others may be simple such as in a residential dwelling unit. But they share some
common elements, whether they are steel, plastic, copper pipes or tubing.
Sanitary and storm drainage for residential dwelling are either wrought –
iron pipes, Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes and for drainage is either concrete pipe
or PVC pipe. The more common today is the unplasticized Polyvinylchloride (uPVC)
pipe.
Polyvinyl pipe and fittings are available in commercial length of 3.0 meters
and also available in schedule 40 and 80. They are usually assembled with slip
joint fittings and solvent, both PVC and chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (cPVC) pipes
are commonly available in sizes ranging from ½’ to 4” inside diameter.
The Sewage Disposal System
Absence of a good sewage disposal system can result to contamination of

water and water-borne diseases. It is important to value a good disposal system.
There are different types of sewage disposal system, from the old to the
more scientific ones:
1. Cesspool
2. Privy
3. Septic Tank
4. Public Sewer line
The sanitary system is of two types: the intercepting and the tributary or
contributing sewer. The intercepting type is constructed with concrete pipes while
the tributary sewer is laid in an open trench and is made of vitrified clay or bricks.
Water Lines Plumbing Elevation
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The Septic Tank

The septic system converts solid wastes into liquid by bacterial action, the
wastes flow into a septic tank some distance away from the house. The liquid waste
flows thru to the sewer line while the sludge remains at the digestion chamber of
the tank.
The septic tank is constructed with reinforced concrete, and it should be
located at a safe distance from the source of potable water, and it should also be
airtight.
The size and type of the system varies according to the number of people
served, the contour and soil type.
Inlet Outlet
Inlet
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Types of Sanitary Fittings used in plumbing System of Septic Vaults
SANITARY FITTING
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The Typical Detail of a Septic Tank
The Size of the Septic Tank
The septic tank should be constructed as to have enough room for

accumulated sludge.
Here are some of the suggested sizes.
NUMBERS OF INSIDE DIMENSION OF DIGESTION CHAMBER

PERSONS SERVED D- DEPTH W- WIDTH L - LENGTH
METERS METERS METERS
10 1.20 0.90 1.30
15 1.20 1.00 2.20
20 1.20 1.25 2.50
25 1.20 1.40 2.80
30 1.30 1.50 3.00
35 1.30 1.60 3.20
40 1.40 1.65 3.30
45 1.40 1.75 3.50
50 1.50 1.80 3.60
55 1.50 1.85 3.90
70 1.50 2.00 4.00
80 1.60 2.20 4.40
90 1.80 2.30 4.50
100 1.80 2.50 5.00
Sizes of Septic Vault
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Process
A. Direction: Write down the abbreviations of the following terms on a

separate sheet of paper.
Terminologies:
1. Concrete pipe
2. Catch basin
3. Area drain
4. Septic vault
5. Galvanized iron pipe
6. Wrought iron pipe
7. Vent stack thru roof
8. Polyvinyl chloride
9. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
10. Outside diameter
B. Draft Household Sanitary Layout:
1. With the given floor plan, you are supposed to draw the sanitary layout for
this housing unit. Indicate first where you would locate your septic vault
outside the building.
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2. After locating the place where you would construct your septic vault, draw
and indicate the location of the different storm drainage fixtures.
3. Indicate the location of the different sanitary fixtures by drawing their

symbols on the area where they are best located. Then draw the layout,
connecting all these fixtures and to the septic vault with the sewer line
connecting to the street sewer.
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4. After drawing the layout, indicate the different pipes and fittings used by
drawing their symbols on the sewer line layout and write down also the
material specification for the fixtures used.
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Know
The Drainage System
The drainage system is sometimes referred to as the DWV or the
drainage, the waste and the vent system. The construction and installation of this
must conform to the provisions of the building and plumbing codes. Some of the
general requirements are as follows:
1. Pipes must be fitted and tightly connected to avoid leakage.
2. Ventilation must convey gases to the atmosphere.
3. Each fixture must be provided with a suitable trap to prevent backflow or
gases.
4. The fixture must be re-vented to avoid siphoning of the water seal.
5. Drainage pipes should be sloped or graded properly.
6. Drainage pipes should be provided with adequate clean out for maintenance
purposes.
The waste pipe which receives the discharge of any fixture except water
should be installed at 2% or 20mm slope per meter run. The size of the waste pipe
is to be considered in the installation as this pipe serves fixture discharges. And
when the pipe must be opened in case of trouble, a clean-out should also be
installed and must be accessible to the plumber.
Slope or Pitch
The soil pipe receives and conveys drainage of water closets and other
fixtures to the house drain. It should be properly concealed or embedded and
should be placed in a manner that the branches should be as short as possible. As
a rule, it should extend and terminate through the roof of the building.
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Second Floor
First Floor
The House Drain
The sanitary drain only receives discharges of sanitary and domestic wastes
only while the storm drain receives storm, clear water or surface water wastes.
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A typical house drain is shown below.
The House Sewer
The portion of the horizontal drainage system starts from the outer surface
of the dwelling and terminates at the public sewer. A minimum size of 150mm (6”Ø)
is used for residential dwellings.
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The Storm Drain

It is the part of the plumbing system which conveys rain or storm water into
the street gutter. It is of two types: the inside storm drain and the outside storm
drain. Layout of the two is shown in the following illustrations.
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The Catch Basin

The catch basin water discharges from the roof and conveys it to the
storm drainage line. It is more or less of the same use as the area drain. It
also serves as a manhole for cleaning.
A Typical Catch Basin Detail
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Reflect and Understand
Directions: From the plan shown below, sketch the sewer line from the fixtures to
the street sewer. Label the drawing.
Requirements:
1– Kitchen Sink
1– Water Closet
1– Floor Drain
1– Septic Vault
1– Lavatory
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Transfer
Summative Test
Directions: From the layout you drafted. Draw a sanitary and plumbing layout and
details following the job requirement. Use approved standard height of amenities.
Note: You are provided with a copy of the plan.
Requirements:
1- Kitchen Sink
1- Water Closet
1- Floor Drain
1- Septic Vault
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I. Enrichment Activity: Draft a septic vault for 5 – 7 persons
Procedure:
1. Refer from the table on recommended sizes of septic vaults. See if
the number of persons in the household fits in the data for
recommended size of vault.
2. Take down the measurements: width, height and length. Transfer
such measurement on your drawing paper.
3. Draw the outline of the septic vault with your pencil using light
guidelines only. As you draw the outline, draw also the thickness of
the sides of the septic vault, taking into consideration the thickness
of CHB used for walls partitions.
4. Indicate also the location of the manhole and the manhole cover.
After drawing the outline re-checked your measurements, write down
your dimensions and you are ready to draw the reinforcing bars. You
may draw your rebars covering the whole area of the vault or you can
have a portion of it only.
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5. Draw the vertical and horizontal bars for the reinforcement of the
septic vault. The standard distances and size of the rebars are 12mm
Ø for vertical bars and 10mmØ for horizontal bars. For the slabs on
top of it would be 10mm Ø spaced at 20cm on both ways of the slab.
6. Draw only the portion you wish to show the detail of the
reinforcements. Indicate now the inlet valve, in the digestion chamber
its position or location and its size, together with the outlet valve.
7. From the plan you have already drawn, project dimensions
downward and draw a longitudinal section of your septic vault.
Remember the thickness and measurements of the plan should be
the same as your section.
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8. With the data on its depth you have gathered, layout the depth of the
septic vault, including its foundation and footing. Indicate the location
of your inlet and outlet valves which should have a distance from the
bottom of the slab of about 30 cm. for the air space and the water
level.
9. Draw vertical and horizontal bars on the sides and on the footing.
10. Review the drawing, its dimensions and measurements. Finalize the
drawing by darkening the lines with a technical pen. Write down the
material specifications and construction notes.
CROSS
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II. Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and Details
Directions: Draft a catch basin detail with the following requirements:
1. Indicate the size of catch basin according to structural and design standard.
2. Draft outlines of both plan and sectional elevation.
3. Draft outlines of pipes and slope of pipes
4. Darken lines or ink drawing .draft dimensions and specifications.
338
Post-Assessment
Answer the post assessment below to determine whether

there is significant increase in your understanding of the lesson on
drafting water distribution, sanitary and storm drainage systems. The
feedback to this post assessment is appended on page ____
Good Luck!
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the space
provided to each number.
_____1. A kind of fitting used to straight section pipes.

a. elbows b. coupling c. cross d. tee
_____2. How is hot and cold water distributed from the source to different parts of the
building?
a. by pressurizing the source c. by mixing hot and cold water
b. by raising water temperature d. by chemical means
_____3. Used to close systems and to connect pipes that have to be
a. unions b. plug valve c. nipples d. reducers
_____4. The preceding plumbing symbol indicates a --

a. coupling. c. straight cross
b. safety valve. d. gate valve.
_____5. A fitting used to change direction of a pipe line either 90 degrees or
45 degrees.
a. T b. cross c. elbows d. couplings
_____6. Used to close the end of a pipe.
_____7. The storm drainage is considered a part of the –
a. plumbing system. c. foundation system.
b. electrical system. d. elevation system.
339
_____8. Used to close an opening in a fitting.
_____9. Which of these common plumbing symbols/abbreviations indicate a

junction box?
a. JXB b. JBox c. JB d. JBX
_____10. The ideal or suggested size in constructing the septic tank with a 15
number of people is______.
a. depth- 1:20, W-1:0, L- 2:0 c. depth 1:50 , W- 1:20, L-1:50
b. depth- 1:50, W-1:5, L-150 d. depth 2:50, W-1:50, L -2:50
_____11. Used to reduce the size of an opening.
a. bushing b. unions c. cap d. plug
_____12. A network of pipes and fittings that carry off wastes and each plumbing fixture
is titled with the appropriate pipe and fitting.
a. Sanitary installation c. Drainage system
b. Polyvinyl pipe and fittings d. Sanitary and storm drainage
_____13. Used to close systems and to connect pipes that are to be disassembled
occasionally.
_____14. A water distribution system shown in an elevation, on plan and on
isometric using the different symbols is called _________.
a. isometric draft d. isometric water system
b. water system diagram c. schematic drawing
_____15. Which is NOT a type of valve:
a. Gate valve c. Check valve
b. Globe valve d. Metal valve
340

04 - Sanitary and Plumbing

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04 - Sanitary and Plumbing

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Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout and Details

Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates

Quarter IV Time Allotment: 16 hrs.

This module is designed to familiarize students with the concept of

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 draft water distribution system; and

ENJOY YOU R JOU RNEY!

Pre-assessment: Multiple Choice

_____1. A kind of fitting used to straight section pipes.

_____4. The preceding plumbing symbol indicates a --

_____5. A fitting used to change direction of a pipe line either 90 degrees or

Skills in drafting water distribution system Not Much A little A lot

Learning Goals and Targets:

After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre

Operational Definition of Terms:

Common types of fittings

4. Pressure reducing valves

Systems of Drawing Pipe Layout

Group Activity: Identification of pipe fittings and pipe materials

o pipes used in plumbing;

A plumbing system performs two major functions which are:

Water distribution systems, whether hot or

In drawing the layout, here are the common

SANITARY & PLUMBING LEGEND/ABBREVIATION

Like most architectural drawings, plumbing drawings are drawn to a small

SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL

Double Brach Elbow –

Straight Cross - STX

Safety valve – SFTY V

Hand Valve – HND V

Pipe Outlet Down - P

Lateral 90° - LAT

SYMBOL ELEVATION PICTORIAL

Bell and Spigot Fittings – BL/SP

Welded Fitting – WLD FT

Soldered Fitting – SLD FT

Expansion Joint – EXP JT

Motor Operated Vehicle – MOP

Septic Tank – SEP TNK

SEPTIC – TANK Distribution Box

FLARED TEE SAFETY ELBOW CAP GATE

PIPES PIPE CHECK

C. Draft a water line layout for a Toilet and Bath

A typical diagram of the plumbing system of a single detached one-storey

The Water Line Layout

A Typical Plumbing System

A Sample Plumbing Layout

Water Pipes and Fittings Required For Installing Commonly

A typical installation of a water distribution using PVC pipes with G.I.

uPVC Adafter Fitting for uPVC-to-Galvanized Iron Water

Reflect and Understand

3. Layout water distribution system and indicate location of fittings fixtures.

4. Finalize drawing and draw legend

Lesson 2. Draft Sanitary and Storm Drainage

The sanitary installation is referred to as the network of pipes and fittings

Learning Goals and Targets:

Wastewater is discharged by gravity through the disposal system. All pipes

The Sewage Disposal System

Absence of a good sewage disposal system can result to contamination of

Water Lines Plumbing Elevation

The Septic Tank

Types of Sanitary Fittings used in plumbing System of Septic Vaults

The Typical Detail of a Septic Tank