CE70-Structural Theory

➢ Analysis of Statically Determinate Structures;

Computation of Reactions, Shear and Moment Diagram
Frames and Beams

Supports
Equation of Equilibrium

Space/ 3D Structures

For plane structures

Shear and Moment by graphical representation
Reference: Structural analysis by R.C. Hibbeler
Example:

1) Draw the shear and moment diagram.

Consider FBD (b) of segment AB

+↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

1 1
6𝑅𝐴 − [ (4)(6)] ( × 6) = 0
2 3

𝑅𝐴 = 4 𝑘𝑁 ↑

+↑ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

1
𝑅𝐴 − 𝐵𝑦 − (4)(6) = 0
2
1
4 − 𝐵𝑦 − (4)(6) = 0
2
𝐵𝑦 = 8 𝑘𝑁 ↑

BD (b) of segment BC

+↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0

1 2
4.5𝐵𝑦 − [ (4)(4.5)] ( × 4.5) + 𝑀𝐶 = 0
2 3
1 2
4.5(−8) − [ (4)(4.5)] ( × 4.5) + 𝑀𝐶 = 0
2 3
𝑀𝐶 = 63 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 ↻

+↑ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

1
𝐵𝑦 − 𝑅𝑐 − (4)(4.5) = 0
2
1
−8 + 𝑅𝑐 − (4)(4.5) = 0
2

𝑅𝑐 = 17 𝑘𝑁 ↑
Shear
𝑉𝐴 − = 0

𝑉𝐴 + = 𝑉𝐴 − + 𝑃𝐴 = 0 + 𝑅𝐴 = 4𝑘𝑁

1
𝑉𝐵 − = 𝑉𝐴 + + 𝑤|𝐵𝐴 = 4 − (4)(6) = −8 𝑘𝑁
2

𝑉𝐵 + = 𝑉𝐵 − + 𝑃𝐵 = −8 + 0 = −8 𝑘𝑁

1
𝑉𝐶 − = 𝑉𝐵 + + 𝑤|𝐶𝐵 = −8 − (4)(4.5) = −17 𝑘𝑁
2

𝑉𝐶 + = 𝑉𝐶 − + 𝑃𝐶 = −17 + 17 = 0 𝑘𝑁

Moment
𝑀𝐴 − = 0

𝑀𝐴 + = 𝑀𝐴 − + 𝐶𝐴 = 0 + 0 = 0

Location of zero shear force

Since the curve is 2nd degree, the equation of the curve can be define as
𝑥² = −4𝑝𝑦 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑎 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑣(0,0)
𝑥2
4𝑝 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑦
𝑥1 2 𝑥2 2
4𝑝 = =
𝑦1 𝑦2

The vertex of the curve from A to B is located at (0, 4). see figure
To apply the squared property of the parabola, let replace the value of vertex 𝑣(ℎ, 𝑘).
𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑣(0, 4) = 𝑣(0, 0), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐷(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) = 𝐷(𝑥, −4)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (6, −12)
𝑥 2 (6)2
=
−4 −12

𝑥 = 3.464 𝑚

2
𝑀𝐷 − = 𝑀𝐴 + + 𝑉|𝐷
𝐴 = 0 + (4)(3.464) = 9.24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 (+)
3

𝑀𝐷 + = 𝑀𝐷 − + 𝐶𝐷 = 9.24 + 0 = 9.24 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 (+)

𝑀𝐵 − = 𝑀𝐷 + + 𝑉|𝐵𝐷

𝑉|𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴3 = 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒𝑙 − 𝐴1 − 𝐴2

1 1
𝑉|𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴3 = (6)(12) − (3.464)(4) − 2.536(4) = 9.237𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 (−)
3 3
𝑀𝐵 − = 9.24 − 9.24 = 0

𝑀𝑩 + = 𝑀𝐵 − + 𝐶𝐵 = 0 + 0 = 0

𝑀𝐶 − = 𝑀𝐵 + + 𝑉|𝐶𝐵

2
𝑉|𝐶𝐵 = 𝐴4 + 𝐴5 = (4.5 × 8) + ( × 4.5 × 9) = 63 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 (−)
3

𝑀𝐶 − = 0 − 63 = 63 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 (−)

𝑀𝑪 + = 𝑀𝐶 − + 𝐶𝐶 = −63 + 𝑀𝐶 = −63 + 63 = 0

2) The structure is supported by pin at A and fixed supported at E

Computation for reactions:

Consider member FBC

+↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐶 = 0

2𝐵𝑦 − 30(5) = 0

𝐵𝑦 = 75 𝑘𝑁 ↑
+↑ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐵𝑦 − 𝐶𝑦 − 30 = 0

75 − 𝐶𝑦 − 30 = 0

𝐶𝑦 = 45 𝑘𝑁 ↓

+→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐵𝑥 = 𝐶𝑥 − − − − − (1)

Consider member AB

+↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐴 = 0

−6𝐵𝑥 = 0

𝐵𝑥 = 0

+→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐴𝑥 = 𝐵𝑥 = 0

+↑ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝐴𝑦 = 𝐵𝑦 = 75𝑘𝑁 ↑

From Equation (1)

𝐶𝑥 = 𝐵𝑥 = 0

Consider members CDE

+↑ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
+↻ ∑ 𝑀𝐸 = 0

2𝐶𝑦 + 6𝐶𝑥 − [2 × 6](3) + 𝑀𝐸 = 0 𝐶𝑦 + 𝐸𝑦 = 0

45 + 𝐸𝑦 = 0
2(45) + 6(0) − [2 × 6](3) + 𝑀𝐸 = 0

𝑀𝐸 = −54 = 44 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 ↺ 𝐸𝑦 = −45 𝑘𝑁 = 45 𝑘𝑁 ↓

∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

𝐶𝑥 + 𝐸𝑥 − 2(6) = 0

0 + 𝐸𝑥 − 2(6) = 0

𝐸𝑥 = 12 𝑘𝑁 →

Shear, Moment and axial load diagram in members

 +↓ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0) 𝑉𝐷 = 75 − 30 = 45𝑘𝑁 ⇂

+↺ ∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0) 𝑀𝐷 = −30(5) + 75(4) = 90𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 ↺

Problem set 4
Draw the shear, bending moment, and axial force diagrams and the qualitative deflected shape for the frame
and beam shown.

The reinforced concrete footing subjected to the downward column loading of 22 kN/m and the upward soil
reaction of 6 kN/m, as shown in the figure.